Laser-TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) hybrid welding device and method based on ultrasonic-assisted wire powder coaxial conveying

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) hybrid welding and method based on ultrasonic-assisted wire powder coaxial conveying, after entering, a laser beam forms a semicircular Bessel beam through a lens, a metal wire passes through an ultrasonic-assisted device and then introduces vibration into a welding pool, and six powder conveying guide pipes are uniformly distributed around the metal wire; according to the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device, a semi-circular light beam passes through the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device and enters a laser head, and finally the effect of coaxially melting a wire powder material through laser is achieved. A TIG welding auxiliary device is added to one side of a molten pool, metallurgical reaction is promoted, and compactness of a welding seam is improved. The device mainly comprises an annular laser beam wire core six-way powder channel simultaneous melting system, an automatic wire feeding system, a powder feeding system, an ultrasonic vibration system, a TIG auxiliary welding system and the like. The welding efficiency can be improved through the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial melting technology, the flowing stability of a molten pool can be promoted through the ultrasonic-assisted technology, and the welding seam forming quality can be improved through laser-TIG composite welding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding, and in particular to a laser-TIG composite welding device and method based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, as an advanced material processing technology, coaxial fuse technology has achieved rapid development and has shown great application development potential in the fields of precision welding and additive manufacturing. With the advancement of laser technology and arc technology, coaxial fuse technology has more accurate control of the molten pool, improved welding quality, and can adapt to more types of metal materials, and has begun to develop in a more intelligent and efficient direction. With the development of welding technology, coaxial fuse side-axis powder feeding technology has emerged. Compared with traditional methods, adding side-axis powder feeding to coaxial fuse increases the deposition rate. By adding different types of alloy powders, the melting conditions of the powder are precisely controlled to achieve improvements in the microstructure of the deposited layer and optimization of mechanical properties.

[0003] However, the comprehensive application of multiple technologies such as coaxial fuse and side-axis powder feeding has improved welding quality and reduced welding costs, but there are also some problems: First, there will be uneven powder feeding during coaxial fuse and side-axis powder feeding, which requires high coordination and cooperation, and increases the complexity of technical operations; second, there are restrictions on the types of powders that can be delivered at a single time, and it is impossible to achieve the fusion of multiple alloy components. At the same time, it is impossible to monitor the weld morphology and molten pool conditions in real time, so it is impossible to adjust the shape and flow of powder feeding; finally, during the welding process, the material melts and solidifies rapidly, and there are problems with uneven organization during the solidification process, the grain growth is not uniform, and there are defects such as gas and inclusions in the molten pool.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the patent proposes a laser-TIG composite welding device and method based on ultrasonic-assisted coaxial wire powder delivery. This laser-TIG composite welding method based on ultrasonic-assisted coaxial wire powder delivery can improve the uniformity of powder delivery. Six powder transmission ducts can simultaneously deliver multiple metal powders, realize the alloying of multiple materials in a single welding process, and achieve the optimal welding combination of parent material, welding wire, and powder by adjusting the types and proportions of different powders. The controller can receive sensor signals, and adjust the powder feeder by monitoring the weld morphology and the real-time state of the molten pool to adjust the powder feeding port and the powder feeding amount. Ultrasound is directly applied to the welding wire, and ultrasonic vibration is transmitted through the wire to promote grain refinement in the molten pool and reduce welding defects. Adding a TIG auxiliary welding device on the basis of the laser heat source can improve the density of the weld. The arc heat source melts the wire and powder more evenly, and the molten pool is more stable. The combination of TIG welding and laser welding can obtain better weld quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to design a laser-TIG composite welding device and method based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying.

[0006] The main problems to be solved by the present invention are: the powder is fed and melted unevenly from one side of the wire, the challenge is great to transport multiple metal powders at a time, the requirements for timely regulation of the powder feeding shape and powder feeding flow rate are high, and pores and inclusion defects are prone to occur during welding.

[0007] A laser-TIG composite welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted coaxial wire powder delivery mentioned in the present invention is characterized in that it includes a laser generator, a laser head, an ultrasonic vibration device, an ultrasonic generating device, an automatic wire feeding device, a six-way powder feeder, a wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device, a TIG welding auxiliary device, a substrate, a metal wire, a metal powder, a CCD sensor, and a controller.

[0008] Furthermore, the laser generator emits a laser beam, and the laser fiber inlet is connected to the laser head to emit a high-energy, high-density laser heat source, which is transported into the molten pool together with the metal wire and metal powder to improve welding efficiency and weld formation quality.

[0009] Furthermore, the ultrasonic vibration system is composed of an ultrasonic vibration device and an ultrasonic generator, and the ultrasonic generator realizes the conversion of electrical energy into ultrasonic energy, and the ultrasonic parameters can be adjusted so that the vibration is transmitted to the molten pool through the welding wire. The metal wire first enters the ultrasonic vibration device before entering the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device, and the ultrasonic vibration enters the welding molten pool through the metal wire.

[0010] Furthermore, the automatic wire feeding device includes a fixing mechanism and a wire feeding mechanism. A wire feeding roller device is installed on the fixing mechanism. The wire enters the wire feeding mechanism through the wire feeding roller device. The wire feeding mechanism straightens the wire from the wire feeding roller device to ensure that the wire remains in a vertical state before entering the ultrasonic vibration device, and is accurately welded through the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device.

[0011] Furthermore, the powder feeding device uses a powder feeding tube to connect the six-way powder feeder with the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device. The CCD sensor is used to monitor the weld shape and the real-time morphology of the molten pool in real time, and transmit the real-time monitoring data to the controller. The controller controls the six-way powder feeder by analyzing the shape, size, and temperature distribution of the weld. By controlling the switch closure and flow rate of different powder inlets of the six-way powder feeder, metal powder transportation of different positions, shapes, and powder feeding amounts can be achieved.

[0012] Furthermore, the metal wire and metal powder materials transported by the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device are retrieved according to the wire powder selection intelligent library, which contains the physical and chemical properties of various welding wires and powder materials. Based on the experimental welding process (laser welding, TIG arc welding, laser-TIG composite welding), parent material type (low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.), different welding positions and surrounding welding environment (indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, etc.), the wire powder selection intelligent library recommends the best welding wire and powder combination. The wire powder selection intelligent library can analyze the compatibility between different materials to ensure welding quality. At the same time, it has the function of performance prediction. By establishing a model to predict the welding effect produced by different material ratios, it provides model support for the actual welding process.

[0013] Furthermore, the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device is composed of a wire feeding hole in the center and powder transmission conduits evenly arranged around it, which are positioned and connected by a fixed ring. The powder transmission conduits are distributed in a fan shape around the central wire feeding hole. The fan-shaped radial uniform distribution optimizes the space utilization efficiency. After the metal powder enters from the top, it enters the fan-shaped powder transmission conduit under the push of argon gas, realizing uniform distribution of flow and improving overall transportation efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, under the control of the six-way powder feeder, six evenly distributed powder transmission ducts select different types or the same type of metal powders according to the powder characteristics in the welding intelligent library, introduce a variety of alloy components, and improve welding strength and performance. According to different welding shapes, turn on the corresponding powder feeder control switch to achieve different powder feeding shapes such as circular powder feeding, semicircular powder feeding, clover-shaped powder feeding, and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding. Circular powder feeding corresponds to circular welding joints and is used for welding of circular workpieces such as pipes and cylinders. Semicircular powder feeding is suitable for local welding. The two can be used in combination in pressure vessels and piping systems. Circular powder feeding achieves uniform welding strength, and semicircular powder feeding is used for local reinforcement and repair. Clover-shaped and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding are suitable for welding of complex geometric structures and meet the requirements of multi-point uniform welding, such as aerospace parts, complex pipeline welding joints, etc. After receiving the controller signal, the six-way powder feeder adjusts the powder feeding flow rate and flow rate according to the actual situation.

[0015] Furthermore, the TIG welding auxiliary device integrates the TIG arc heat source on the basis of the laser heat source to achieve the coordinated optimization of the heat source in the welding process. Arc welding and laser welding are combined into a composite welding technology. The arc auxiliary heat source can assist in melting metal powder particles, promote metallurgical reactions, and improve the density of welding. The position of the TIG welding auxiliary device is adjusted according to the welding distribution of metal powder and metal wire, and the metal powder and metal wire are assisted in heating and melting. The stability and control ability of the TIG arc are used to optimize the weld morphology.

[0016] Furthermore, the laser head changes the laser beam into an annular laser beam through the optical system. After the laser beam emitted by the laser enters the laser head, it is further focused by the first collimator to reduce the diffusion and divergence of the beam. After the laser beam is collimated, it passes through the aconical lens and is transformed into an annular beam. After the annular beam passes through the first prism, it is divided into two semicircular annular laser beams. At this time, the six-way powder channel of the silk core coaxially passes through the gap in the center of the semicircular ring. The silk powder enters the laser head vertically and is refracted by the deflection mirror, and is transformed from a vertical semicircular beam to a horizontal semicircular beam. After passing through the second prism, the laser beam forms a complete annular beam. Finally, the condenser focuses the larger area of ​​the beam into a smaller laser area, which improves the laser energy and intensity while achieving the effect of silk and powder melting.

[0017] Furthermore, the interior of the ultrasonic vibration device is composed of piezoelectric ceramics and metal vibration sheets. When an electrical signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramics, mechanical deformation will occur due to the piezoelectric effect. The deformation causes high-frequency mechanical vibration. The metal vibration sheet and the piezoelectric ceramics are tightly combined, and the two rings form a concentric and coaxial nested structure. The metal vibration sheet and the metal wire are tightly connected, which further transmits and amplifies the vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramics and transmits it to the metal wire more effectively. The fixing ring realizes the function of stabilizing the internal structure. The role of the amplitude rod is to adjust the appropriate vibration amplitude to ensure that the vibration energy is effectively transmitted to the metal wire, and finally the high-frequency vibration is amplified and transmitted to the molten pool through the metal wire. Applying ultrasonic waves directly to the metal wire can reduce the energy loss of ultrasonic waves during the transmission process, and can ensure that ultrasonic waves are directly transmitted through the metal wire into the welding molten pool.

[0018] Furthermore, the center of the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device passes through the welding wire, and the powder transmission conduit is evenly distributed around it. The selection of the central welding wire and the surrounding metal powder materials is based on the material data of the welding intelligent library, and the metal wire and metal powder matching the parent material are selected. The powder transmission conduit can transport up to six kinds of metal powders at the same time, and the metal powders with different alloy compositions are reasonably proportioned according to the material data in the intelligent library to optimize the welding performance and improve the welding efficiency.

[0019] Furthermore, the TIG auxiliary welding device is composed of a TIG welding gun, a TIG power supply and a gas protection system. The gas protection system uses argon gas to protect the welding area, forming a good protective barrier on the metal surface to prevent oxidation and improve welding quality. The power supply system uses a stable DC power supply or AC power supply to ensure the stability of heat. The welding gun is used to generate an arc heat source.

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to design a laser-TIG hybrid welding method based on ultrasonic assisted silk powder coaxial conveying, which can be achieved by the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Select the best material combination from the wire-powder selection intelligent library for simulation prediction based on the parent material, call up welding wires and welding powders of different types and reasonable proportions, select a suitable powder transmission duct according to the shape of the weld, place the welding wire into the automatic wire feeding device, and place the powder into the six-way powder feeder.

[0022] Step 2: Select appropriate welding parameters according to the welding process, and set the welding parameters, TIG assisted welding parameters, wire feeding speed and powder feeding speed.

[0023] Step three, turn on the ultrasonic generator and ultrasonic vibration device, adjust the ultrasonic vibration parameters, turn on the power supply and laser generator until stable ultrasonic vibration is formed on the welding wire, turn on the heat source of the TIG welding device, and turn on the argon shielding gas.

[0024] Step 4: Turn on the automatic wire feeder and six-way powder feeder to start welding. During the welding process, the CCD sensor receives the real-time status of the molten pool, transmits the monitoring data to the controller, and adjusts the powder feeder according to the weld morphology and the molten pool status. At the same time, the TIG welding parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that the TIG welding and laser welding achieve the best energy transmission ratio and ensure the stable welding process.

[0025] Step 5. After a complete weld with good quality is formed, turn off the laser generator, TIG welding power supply and protection system, and then turn off the ultrasonic generator.

[0026] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0027] The present invention discloses a laser-TIG composite welding device and method based on ultrasonic-assisted wire-powder coaxial conveying, which can realize the simultaneous conveying of metal powders in six channels, and can select a variety of different types of powders to meet welding requirements. Six powder feeding pipes can work at the same time, which reduces the time of changing powders and improves welding efficiency. The powder feeding pipe and the wire feeding port are evenly distributed in a fan-shaped radial distribution. The switch state and powder feeding rate of the powder outlet channel are adjusted according to the welding shape to achieve dynamic changes in the powder feeding shape and powder feeding amount. Ultrasound is directly applied to the welding wire, and after being transmitted to the molten pool, it promotes the melting of the welding material, reduces material deformation and stress, promotes grain refinement and reduces defects. On the basis of the laser heat source, a TIG arc-assisted welding device is applied to make the metal powder and the welding wire melt more evenly. The combined action of the laser heat source and the arc heat source can improve the density of the welding, make the metallurgical reaction fully proceed, and reduce material stress and deformation at the same time, improve the strength of the weld and welding efficiency. In summary, the laser-TIG composite welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted coaxial wire-powder delivery will solve the problems of uneven powder feeding and melting from one side of the wire, the challenge of simultaneously delivering multiple metal powders at a time, the high requirements for timely regulation of powder feeding shape and powder feeding flow, and the easy occurrence of pores and inclusion defects during welding, and has great application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying.

[0029] Figure 2 This is the overall structural diagram of the silk core six-way powder channel coaxial device

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the powder feeding tube and the wire feeding hole in the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed ring structure in the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic vibration device.

[0033] Figure 6 Different powder feeding shapes are suitable for different types of welding workpieces. Example diagram

[0034] In the figure: 1-laser head; 2-laser generator; 3-laser beam; 4-laser fiber entrance; 5-TIG power supply and gas protection system; 6-TIG welding gun; 7-ultrasonic generator; 8-ultrasonic vibration device; 9-fixing ring; 10-horn; 11-piezoelectric ceramic; 12-wire feeding roller device; 13-automatic wire feeding device; 14-six-way powder feeder; 15-powder feeding tube; 16-wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device; 17-controller; 18-first collimator ;19-conical lens;20-first prism;21-second prism;22-condenser;23-deflection mirror;24-substrate;25-metal powder;26-metal wire;27-CCD sensor;28-metal vibrating plate;29-wire feeding hole;30-powder transmission duct;31-fixing ring;32-circular powder feeding;33-semicircular powder feeding;34-clover-shaped powder feeding, 35-four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding;36-pipeline system;37-aerospace parts DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a laser-TIG composite welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted wire powder coaxial conveying, characterized in that it includes a laser generator 2, a laser head 1, an ultrasonic vibration device 8, an ultrasonic generating device 7, an automatic wire feeding device 13, a six-way powder feeder 14, a wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16, a TIG welding auxiliary device, a substrate 24, a metal wire 26, a metal powder 25, a CCD sensor 27, and a controller 17.

[0037] The laser generator 2 emits a laser beam 3, and the laser fiber inlet 4 is connected to the laser head 1, which is used to emit a high-energy, high-density laser heat source, and is transported into the molten pool together with the metal wire 26 and the metal powder 25 to improve the welding efficiency and the weld formation quality.

[0038] The ultrasonic vibration system is composed of an ultrasonic vibration device 8 and an ultrasonic generator 7. The ultrasonic generator 7 realizes the conversion of electrical energy into ultrasonic energy, and the ultrasonic parameters can be adjusted so that the vibration is transmitted to the molten pool through the welding wire. The metal wire 26 first enters the ultrasonic vibration device 8 before entering the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16, and the ultrasonic vibration enters the welding molten pool through the metal wire 26.

[0039] The automatic wire feeding device 13 includes a fixing mechanism and a wire feeding mechanism, on which a wire feeding roller device 12 is installed, and the wire material enters the wire feeding mechanism through the wire feeding roller device 12. The wire feeding mechanism straightens the wire material from the wire feeding roller device 12 to ensure that the wire material remains in a vertical state before entering the ultrasonic vibration device, and is accurately welded through the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (6).

[0040] The powder feeding device 14 is a device that connects the six-way powder feeder 14 with the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16 by using a powder feeding pipe 15. The CCD sensor 27 is used to monitor the shape of the weld and the real-time morphology of the molten pool in real time, and transmits the real-time monitoring data to the controller 17. The controller 17 controls the six-way powder feeder 14 by analyzing the shape, size, and temperature distribution of the weld. By controlling the switch closure and flow rate of different powder inlets of the six-way powder feeder 14, the metal powder 25 of different positions, different shapes, and different powder feeding amounts can be transported.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the metal wire 26 and metal powder 25 materials transported by the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16 are retrieved according to the wire powder selection intelligent library, which contains the physical and chemical properties of various welding wires and powder materials. Based on the experimental welding process (laser welding, TIG arc welding, laser-TIG composite welding), parent material type (low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.), different welding positions and surrounding welding environment (indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, etc.), the wire powder selection intelligent library recommends the best welding wire and powder combination. The wire powder selection intelligent library can analyze the compatibility between different materials to ensure welding quality. At the same time, it has the function of performance prediction. By establishing a model to predict the welding effect produced by different material ratios, it provides model support for the actual welding process.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16 is composed of a wire feeding hole 29 at the center and powder transmission conduits 30 evenly arranged around it. Figure 4 As shown, the powder transmission conduit 30 is positioned and connected by a fixing ring 31. The powder transmission conduit 30 is distributed in a fan shape around the central wire feeding hole. The fan-shaped radial uniform distribution optimizes the space utilization efficiency. After the metal powder 25 enters from the top, it enters the fan-shaped powder transmission conduit 30 under the push of argon gas, realizing the uniform distribution of flow and improving the overall transportation efficiency.

[0043] Under the control of the six-way powder feeder 14, six evenly distributed powder transmission conduits 30 select different types or the same type of metal powder 25 according to the powder characteristics in the welding intelligent library, introduce a variety of alloy components, and improve welding strength and performance. Figure 6As shown, according to different welding shapes, the corresponding powder feeder control switch is turned on to realize different powder feeding shapes such as circular powder feeding 32, semicircular powder feeding 33, clover-shaped powder feeding 34, and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding 35. The circular powder feeding 32 corresponds to the circular welding joint, which is used for the welding of circular workpieces such as pipes and cylinders. The semicircular powder feeding 33 is suitable for local welding. The two can be used in combination in pressure vessels and piping systems 36. The circular powder feeding 32 achieves uniform welding strength, and the semicircular powder feeding 33 is used for local reinforcement and repair. The clover-shaped 34 and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding 35 are suitable for the welding of complex geometric structures and meet the requirements of multi-point uniform welding, such as aerospace parts 37, complex pipeline welding joints, etc. After receiving the controller signal, the six-way powder feeder 14 adjusts the powder feeding flow rate and flow velocity according to the actual situation.

[0044] The TIG welding auxiliary device integrates a TIG arc heat source on the basis of a laser heat source to achieve coordinated optimization of the heat source during the welding process. Arc welding and laser welding are combined into a composite welding technology. The arc auxiliary heat source can assist in melting the metal powder 25 particles, promote the occurrence of metallurgical reactions, and improve the density of the welding. The position of the TIG welding auxiliary device is adjusted according to the welding distribution of the metal powder 25 and the metal wire 26 to assist in heating and melting the metal powder 25 and the metal wire 26, and the stability and controllability of the TIG arc are used to optimize the weld morphology.

[0045] According to the claim 1, a laser-TIG composite welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted coaxial conveying of silk powder is characterized in that: the laser head 1 changes the laser beam 3 into an annular laser beam through an optical system, and after the laser beam 3 emitted by the laser enters the laser head, it is further focused by the first collimator 18 to reduce the diffusion and divergence of the beam. After the laser beam is collimated, it passes through the cone lens 19 and is transformed into an annular beam. After the annular beam passes through the first prism 20, it is divided into two semicircular ring laser beams. At this time, the six-pass powder channel of the silk core coaxially passes through the gap in the center of the semicircular ring. The silk powder enters the laser head 1 vertically and is transformed from a vertical semicircular ring beam to a horizontal semicircular ring beam under the refraction of the deflection mirror 23. After the laser beam passes through the second prism 2, it forms a complete annular beam, and finally the larger area of ​​the beam is focused into a smaller laser area by the condenser 22, so as to improve the laser energy and intensity while achieving the effect of silk powder co-melting.

[0046] According to the claim 1, a laser-TIG hybrid welding based on ultrasonic assisted silk powder coaxial conveying is characterized in that: Figure 5As shown, the interior of the ultrasonic vibration device 8 is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic 11 and a metal vibration sheet 28. When an electrical signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic 11, mechanical deformation will occur due to the piezoelectric effect, and the deformation will cause high-frequency mechanical vibration. The metal vibration sheet 28 and the piezoelectric ceramic 11 are tightly combined, and the two rings form a concentric and coaxial nested structure. The metal vibration sheet 28 and the metal wire 26 are tightly connected, and the vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic 11 is further transmitted and amplified, and more effectively transmitted to the metal wire 26. The fixing ring 9 realizes the function of stabilizing the internal structure. The function of the amplitude rod 10 is to adjust the appropriate vibration amplitude to ensure that the vibration energy is effectively transmitted to the metal wire 26, and finally the high-frequency vibration is amplified and transmitted to the molten pool through the metal wire 26. The direct application of ultrasonic waves to the metal wire 26 can reduce the energy loss of ultrasonic waves during the transmission process, and can ensure that the ultrasonic waves are directly transmitted through the metal wire 26 into the welding molten pool.

[0047] According to the claim 1, a laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted wire-powder coaxial conveying is characterized in that: the center of the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device 16 passes through the welding wire, and the powder conveying conduit 30 is evenly distributed around it. The material selection of the central welding wire and the metal powder 25 around it is based on the material data of the welding intelligent library, and the metal wire 26 and metal powder 25 matching the parent material are selected. The powder conveying conduit 30 can convey up to six kinds of metal powders 25 at the same time, and the metal powders 25 with different alloy components are reasonably proportioned according to the material data in the intelligent library to optimize the welding performance and improve the welding efficiency.

[0048] According to the claim 1, a laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying is characterized in that: the TIG assisted welding device is composed of a TIG welding gun 6, a TIG power supply and a gas protection system 5, and the gas protection system 5 uses argon gas to protect the welding area, forming a good protective barrier on the metal surface to prevent oxidation and improve welding quality. The power supply system 5 uses a stable DC power supply or AC power supply to ensure the stability of heat. The welding gun 6 is used to generate an arc heat source.

[0049] A laser-TIG hybrid welding method based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying comprises the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: According to the parent material, the best material combination is selected from the wire and powder selection intelligent library for simulation prediction, and welding wires and welding powders of different types and reasonable proportions are retrieved. According to the shape of the weld, a suitable powder transmission conduit (30) is selected, and the welding wire is placed in the automatic wire feeding device 13, and the powder is placed in the six-way powder feeder 14.

[0051] Step 2: Select appropriate welding parameters according to the welding process, and set the welding parameters, TIG assisted welding parameters, wire feeding speed and powder feeding speed.

[0052] Step three, turn on the ultrasonic generator 7 and the ultrasonic vibration device 8, adjust the ultrasonic vibration parameters, and then turn on the power supply and the laser generator 2 after stable ultrasonic vibration is formed on the welding wire, turn on the heat source of the TIG welding device, and turn on the argon protective gas.

[0053] Step 4: Turn on the automatic wire feeding device 13 and the six-way powder feeding device 14 to start welding. During the welding process, the real-time status of the molten pool is received by the CCD sensor 27, and the monitoring data is transmitted to the controller 17. Then, the powder feeding device is adjusted according to the weld morphology and the molten pool status. At the same time, the TIG welding parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that the TIG welding and laser welding achieve the best energy transmission ratio and ensure the stable welding process.

[0054] Step 5: After a complete weld with good quality is formed, turn off the laser generator 2 and the TIG welding power supply and protection system 5, and then turn off the ultrasonic generator 7.

Claims

1. A laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying, characterized in that: The invention comprises a laser generator (2), a laser head (1), an ultrasonic vibration device (8), an ultrasonic generating device (7), an automatic wire feeding device (13), a six-way powder feeder (14), a wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16), a TIG welding auxiliary device, a substrate (24), a metal wire (26), a metal powder (25), a CCD sensor (27), and a controller (17). The laser generator (2) emits a laser beam (3), and the laser fiber inlet (4) is connected to the laser head (1) for emitting a high-energy, high-density laser heat source, and is transported together with the metal wire (26) and the metal powder (25) into the molten pool, thereby improving welding efficiency and weld formation quality. The ultrasonic vibration system is composed of an ultrasonic vibration device (8) and an ultrasonic generator (7). The ultrasonic generator (7) realizes the conversion of electrical energy into ultrasonic energy, and the ultrasonic parameters can be adjusted so that the vibration is transmitted to the molten pool through the welding wire. The metal wire (26) first enters the ultrasonic vibration device (8) before entering the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16), and the ultrasonic vibration enters the welding molten pool through the metal wire (26). The automatic wire feeding device (13) comprises a fixing mechanism and a wire feeding mechanism, a wire feeding roller device (12) is installed on the fixing mechanism, the wire material enters the wire feeding mechanism through the wire feeding roller device (12), and the wire feeding mechanism straightens the wire material from the wire feeding roller device (12) to ensure that the wire material remains in a vertical state before entering the ultrasonic vibration device, and is accurately welded through a wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16). The powder feeding device (14) is a powder feeding tube (15) that connects the six-way powder feeder (14) to the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16). The CCD sensor (27) is used to monitor the shape of the weld and the real-time morphology of the molten pool in real time, and transmits the real-time monitoring data to the controller (17). The controller (17) controls the six-way powder feeder (14) by analyzing the shape, size, and temperature distribution of the weld. By controlling the switch closure and flow rate of different powder inlets of the six-way powder feeder (14), the transportation of metal powder (25) of different positions, different shapes, and different powder feeding amounts is achieved. The metal wire (26) and metal powder (25) materials transported by the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16) are retrieved according to the wire powder selection intelligent library, which contains the physical and chemical properties of various welding wires and powder materials. Based on the experimental welding process (laser welding, TIG arc welding, laser-TIG composite welding), the type of parent material (low alloy steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.), different welding positions and surrounding welding environment (indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, etc.), the wire powder selection intelligent library recommends the best welding wire and powder combination. The wire powder selection intelligent library can analyze the compatibility between different materials to ensure the welding quality. At the same time, it has a performance prediction function, and provides model support for the actual welding process by establishing a model to predict the welding effect produced by different material ratios. The wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16) is composed of a wire feeding hole (29) in the center and powder transmission conduits (30) evenly arranged around the periphery, and is positioned and connected by a fixing ring (31). The powder transmission conduits (30) are distributed in a fan-shaped manner around the central wire feeding hole. The fan-shaped radial uniform distribution optimizes the space utilization efficiency. After the metal powder (25) enters from the top, it enters the fan-shaped powder transmission conduit (30) under the impetus of argon gas, realizing uniform distribution of flow and improving overall transportation efficiency. Under the regulation of the six-way powder feeder (14), the six evenly distributed powder transmission conduits (30) select different types or the same type of metal powder (25) according to the powder characteristics in the welding intelligent library, introduce a variety of alloy components, and improve welding strength and performance. According to different welding shapes, the corresponding powder feeder control switch is turned on to realize different powder feeding shapes such as circular powder feeding (32), semicircular powder feeding (33), clover-shaped powder feeding (34), and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding (35). The circular powder feeding (32) corresponds to the circular welding joint and is used for the welding of circular workpieces such as pipes and cylinders. The semicircular powder feeding (33) is suitable for local welding. The two can be used in combination in pressure vessels and pipeline systems (36). The circular powder feeding (32) achieves uniform welding strength, and the semicircular powder feeding (33) is used for local reinforcement and repair. The three-leaf clover-shaped (34) and four-leaf clover-shaped powder feeding (35) are suitable for the welding of complex geometric structures and meet the requirements of multi-point uniform welding, such as being used in aerospace parts (37), complex pipeline welding joints, etc. After receiving the controller signal, the six-way powder feeder (14) adjusts the powder feeding flow rate and flow velocity according to the actual situation. The TIG welding auxiliary device integrates a TIG arc heat source on the basis of a laser heat source to achieve synergistic optimization of heat sources during welding. Arc welding and laser welding are combined into a composite welding technology. The arc auxiliary heat source can assist in melting metal powder (25) particles, promote metallurgical reactions, and improve the density of welding. The position of the TIG welding auxiliary device is adjusted according to the welding distribution of the metal powder (25) and the metal wire (26), and the metal powder (25) and the metal wire (26) are assisted in heating and melting. The stability and controllability of the TIG arc are used to optimize the weld morphology.

2. A laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser head (1) changes the laser beam (3) into an annular laser beam through an optical system. After the laser beam (3) emitted by the laser enters the laser head, it is further focused by a first collimator (18) to reduce the diffusion and divergence of the beam. After the laser beam is collimated, it passes through a conical lens (19) to be transformed into an annular beam. After the annular beam passes through a first prism (20), it is split into two semicircular annular laser beams. At this time, the six-way powder channel of the silk core coaxially passes through the gap in the center of the semicircular ring. The silk powder enters the laser head (1) vertically and is transformed from a vertical semicircular beam into a horizontal semicircular beam under the refraction of a deflection mirror (23). After the laser beam passes through a second prism (21), it forms a complete annular beam. Finally, the larger area of ​​the beam is focused into a smaller laser area by a condenser (22), thereby increasing the laser energy and intensity while achieving the effect of silk powder melting.

3. The laser-TIG hybrid welding based on ultrasonic assisted silk powder coaxial conveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the ultrasonic vibration device (8) is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic (11) and a metal vibration sheet (28). When an electrical signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic (11), mechanical deformation occurs due to the piezoelectric effect, and the deformation causes high-frequency mechanical vibration. The metal vibration sheet (28) and the piezoelectric ceramic (11) are tightly combined, and the two rings form a concentric and coaxial nested structure. The metal vibration sheet (28) and the metal wire (26) are tightly connected, and the vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic (11) is further transmitted and amplified, and more effectively transmitted to the metal wire (26). The fixing ring (9) realizes the function of stabilizing the internal structure. The function of the amplitude rod (10) is to adjust the appropriate vibration amplitude to ensure that the vibration energy is effectively transmitted to the metal wire (26), and finally the high-frequency vibration is amplified and transmitted to the molten pool through the metal wire (26). The ultrasonic wave is directly applied to the metal wire (26) to reduce the energy loss of the ultrasonic wave during the transmission process, and can ensure that the ultrasonic wave is directly transmitted through the metal wire (26) into the welding molten pool.

4. A laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the wire core six-way powder channel coaxial device (16) passes through the welding wire, and the powder transmission conduit (30) is evenly distributed around it. The material selection of the central welding wire and the surrounding metal powder (25) is based on the material data of the welding intelligent library, and the metal wire (26) and metal powder (25) matching the parent material are selected. The powder transmission conduit (30) can simultaneously transport up to six kinds of metal powder (25). According to the material data in the intelligent library, the metal powder (25) with different alloy components is reasonably proportioned to optimize the welding performance and improve the welding efficiency.

5. A laser-TIG hybrid welding device based on ultrasonic-assisted silk powder coaxial conveying according to claim 1, characterized in that: The TIG auxiliary welding device is composed of a TIG welding gun (6), a TIG power source and a gas protection system (5). The gas protection system (5) uses argon gas to protect the welding area, forming a good protective barrier on the metal surface to prevent oxidation and improve the welding quality. The power supply system (5) uses a stable DC power supply or AC power supply to ensure the stability of heat. The welding gun (6) is used to generate an arc heat source.

6. A laser-TIG hybrid welding method based on ultrasonic assisted silk powder coaxial conveying, comprising the following steps: Step 1: According to the parent material, the best material combination is selected from the wire and powder selection intelligent library for simulation prediction, and welding wires and welding powders of different types and reasonable proportions are retrieved. According to the shape of the weld, a suitable powder transmission conduit (30) is selected, the welding wire is placed in the automatic wire feeding device (13), and the powder is placed in the six-way powder feeder (14). Step 2: Select appropriate welding parameters according to the welding process, and set the welding parameters, TIG assisted welding parameters, wire feeding speed and powder feeding speed. Step three, turn on the ultrasonic generator (7) and the ultrasonic vibration device (8), adjust the ultrasonic vibration parameters, and turn on the power supply and the laser generator (2) until stable ultrasonic vibration is formed on the welding wire, and at the same time turn on the heat source of the TIG welding device and turn on the argon protective gas. Step 4: Turn on the automatic wire feeding device (13) and the six-way powder feeding device (14) to start welding. During the welding process, the real-time state of the molten pool is received through the CCD sensor (27). After the monitoring data is transmitted to the controller (17), the powder feeding device is adjusted according to the weld morphology and the molten pool state. At the same time, the TIG welding parameters are adjusted in real time to ensure that the TIG welding and laser welding achieve the best energy transmission ratio and ensure that the welding process is stable. Step 5: After a complete weld with good quality is formed, the laser generator (2) and the TIG welding power supply and protection system (5) are turned off, and then the ultrasonic generator (7) is turned off.

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