Half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type

Abstract

The invention provides a half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type which comprises a ground base body, a mountain body arranged on the ground base body, a concealed tunnel lining and an open cut tunnel lining which are arranged in the mountain body and the ground base body, a cut surface arranged on the open cut tunnel lining, an inverted arch backfilling layer arranged in the concealed tunnel lining and the open cut tunnel lining, and an inverted arch backfilling layer arranged on the ground base body, the half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type comprises an open cut tunnel lining, a portal structure arranged on the front side of the portal structure and arranged outside the open cut tunnel lining, and two protection structures symmetrically arranged on the front side of the portal structure and connected with the open cut tunnel lining, the half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type can effectively protect the portal structure through the arranged protection structures, and is matched with the portal structure to stabilize the open cut tunnel lining, so that the service life of the open cut tunnel lining is prolonged, and the service life of the open cut tunnel lining is prolonged. When the arrangement space of the tunnel portal is insufficient, the height of the retaining wall in the protection structure can be adjusted, so that the cutting starting point of the cutting surface of the lining of the open cut tunnel is synchronously lifted to be flush with the retaining wall, the space required by the arrangement of the portal is reduced, and the problem that the bamboo cutting type portal cannot be adopted due to insufficient space of the tunnel portal in the past is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type. Background Art

[0002] The tunnel portal is one of the important structures of the tunnel project. It is the exposed part of the tunnel structure and the part of the tunnel project that is most directly displayed to the users. Its function is to protect the stability of the mountain slope at the tunnel entrance. It is also a sign for drivers to distinguish different tunnels. The main types of portals include end wall portals, wing wall portals, ring frame portals, cut bamboo portals and sunshade portals. The cut bamboo portals are suitable for areas with relatively symmetrical terrain and not too steep.

[0003] The bamboo-cut gate is named after its shape resembling a cut bamboo. It is a new type of gate that can maintain the original mountain balance and natural landscape to the greatest extent possible. This type of gate cuts the mountain obliquely to form a cross-section similar to that of bamboo, thereby minimizing the cutting and excavation of the mountain and avoiding the formation of unstable slopes. It complies with the principle of "early entry and late exit" and effectively protects the ecological environment.

[0004] However, the traditional bamboo-cut portal generally requires at least 15m of longitudinal space for layout. If the longitudinal space at the tunnel portal is insufficient, it is necessary to excavate the soil at the foot of the mountain to meet the construction requirements of the traditional bamboo-cut portal. The practicality is low, and the existing portal structure lacks an effective drainage structure. In areas with heavy rain, rainwater can easily penetrate into the initial support and open hole lining and then reach the bottom of the initial support and open hole lining along its arch, which can easily cause the entire open hole lining structure to sink, collapse and other problems, affecting the overall service life of the tunnel. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a half-cut bamboo tunnel door type to solve the above problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type, comprising: a ground base, a mountain body arranged on the ground base, a dark hole lining and an open hole lining arranged in the mountain body and the ground base, a cut surface arranged on the open hole lining, an invert backfill layer arranged in the dark hole lining and the open hole lining, a portal structure arranged on the ground base and placed outside the open hole lining, two protective structures symmetrically arranged on the front side of the portal structure and connected to the open hole lining, a drainage structure installed on the portal structure, the protective structure and the open hole lining, and a reinforcement structure arranged on the mountain body;

[0007] The height of the protective structure is consistent with the height of the door structure and the lowest side of the cut surface, wherein

[0008] The tunnel portal structure is suitable for protecting and reinforcing the open tunnel lining;

[0009] The two protective structures are suitable for shielding the portal structures on both sides of the open hole lining, and the height of the protective structures is controlled according to the terrain settings to control the lowest side height of the portal structure;

[0010] The drainage structure is suitable for diverting rainwater placed between the mountain and the open hole lining;

[0011] The reinforcement structure is suitable for forming a protective layer on the surface of the mountain.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective structure includes a retaining wall symmetrically arranged on the ground base, a plurality of positioning grooves on the ground base, a plurality of reinforcement rods arranged in the retaining wall and whose lower ends are respectively fixed in the plurality of positioning grooves, a plurality of fixing clamps symmetrically sleeved on the plurality of reinforcement rods, a plurality of fixing nuts symmetrically rotatably connected to the plurality of fixing clamps, which are against the reinforcement rods and respectively correspond to the plurality of fixing clamps, a plurality of fixing plates threadedly connected to the plurality of fixing nuts and fixing plates, and all placed in the portal structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the portal structure includes a masonry filling layer connected to the ground substrate and arranged outside the open hole lining, a sleeve arch arranged at the connection between the open hole lining and the blind hole lining and placed between the open hole lining and the masonry filling layer, and a rammed earth layer arranged above the masonry filling layer and on the open hole lining;

[0014] A plurality of the threaded anchor rods are fixed in the masonry filling layer;

[0015] The upper surface of the rammed earth layer is inclined.

[0016] Furthermore, the drainage structure includes a first drainage ditch arranged on the mountain and connected to the rammed earth layer, an assembly groove starting from the upper surface of the retaining wall, a second drainage ditch installed in the assembly groove, a water retaining edge fixedly sleeved on the outside of the open hole lining, two third drainage ditches symmetrically arranged on the rammed earth layer and used to connect the first drainage ditch with the second drainage ditch, a plurality of guide grooves respectively opened in a plurality of the reinforcement rods, a plurality of water-through grooves opened on the second drainage ditch and respectively connected to a plurality of the guide grooves, a fourth drainage ditch opened in the ground base, and drainage grooves respectively opened on a plurality of the reinforcement rods and used to connect the fourth drainage ditch with the guide groove.

[0017] Furthermore, the reinforcement structure includes a plurality of positioning anchor rods arranged in a rectangular array in the mountain slope, and a concrete panel arranged on the mountain slope and connected to the plurality of positioning anchor rods;

[0018] The lowest side of the concrete panel is consistent with the height of the first drainage ditch.

[0019] Furthermore, a plurality of cover plates are provided on the first drainage ditch, the second drainage ditch and the third drainage ditch, and a plurality of drain grooves are provided on the plurality of cover plates.

[0020] Furthermore, a settlement joint is provided between the blind hole lining and the open hole lining, the settlement joint is provided perpendicular to the ground substrate, and the settlement joint is placed in the middle part of the sleeve arch.

[0021] Furthermore, the masonry filling layer is arranged in a step-like manner.

[0022] Furthermore, the reinforcement structure also includes a steel mesh arranged in the concrete panel;

[0023] The steel mesh is fixedly connected to the top ends of a plurality of positioning anchor rods.

[0024] Furthermore, the retaining wall is made of cast concrete.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The semi-cut bamboo tunnel portal type effectively improves the overall strength of the tunnel portal by setting up a protective structure and cooperating with the portal structure. It is also convenient to change the pouring height of the retaining wall in the protective structure according to the longitudinal length of the terrain in front of the tunnel portal, thereby controlling the starting point of the cut surface of the cut bamboo open hole lining to be synchronously raised to be flush with the top of the short retaining wall, thereby reducing the required height of the open hole lining of the portal. It is not necessary to excavate the soil at the foot of the mountain to meet the construction requirements of the traditional cut bamboo tunnel portal, which solves the problem that the cut bamboo tunnel portal could not be used due to insufficient space at the tunnel entrance in the past. It is highly practical.

[0027] 2. The half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type can form a protective layer on the surface of the mountain slope above the tunnel portal through the set reinforcement structure, which can effectively prevent local collapse and instability of the mountain slope, effectively improve the stability of the mountain slope, and cooperate with the drainage structure and the masonry filling layer in the portal structure to effectively reduce the rainwater infiltration to the bottom of the open hole lining and erode the geology, avoid the accumulation of rainwater, so that the rainwater can be quickly discharged from the top of the tunnel portal, effectively prevent the uneven settlement of the tunnel entrance from reducing the stability of the open hole lining, avoid the erosion of rainwater from affecting the overall stability of the open hole portal, and ensure the overall service life of the tunnel portal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A perspective view of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3 An exploded perspective view of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 4 A front view of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 5 A partially cutaway perspective view of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 6 A partially cutaway perspective view of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 7 A partially cutaway perspective view of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 .

[0036] In the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same structural elements, wherein:

[0037] 1. Ground base; 2. Mountain; 3. Blind hole lining; 4. Open hole lining; 5. Cutting surface; 6. Inverted arch backfill layer; 7. Portal structure; 8. Protection structure; 9. Drainage structure; 10. Reinforcement structure; 11. Retaining wall; 12. Positioning groove; 13. Reinforcement rod; 14. Fixing clamp; 15. Fixing nut; 16. Fixing plate; 17. Threaded anchor rod; 18. Masonry filling layer; 19. Arch; 20. Rammed earth layer; 21. First drainage ditch; 22. Assembly groove; 23. Second drainage ditch; 24. Water retaining edge; 25. Third drainage ditch; 26. Diversion trough; 27. Water trough; 28. Fourth drainage ditch; 29. ​​Drainage trough; 30. Positioning anchor rod; 31. Concrete panel; 32. Cover plate; 33. Drain trough; 34. Settlement joint; 35. Steel mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore only show the components related to the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-7As shown, a half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type comprises: a ground base 1, a mountain 2 arranged on the ground base 1, a dark hole lining 3 and an open hole lining 4 arranged in the mountain 2 and the ground base 1, a cut surface 5 arranged on the open hole lining 4, an invert backfill layer 6 arranged in the dark hole lining 3 and the open hole lining 4, a portal structure 7 arranged on the ground base 1 and placed outside the open hole lining 4, two protective structures 8 symmetrically arranged on the front side of the portal structure 7 and connected to the open hole lining 4, a drainage structure 9 installed on the portal structure 7, the protective structure 8 and the open hole lining 4, and a reinforcement structure 10 arranged on the mountain 2;

[0040] The height of the protective structure 8 is consistent with the height of the door structure 7 and the lowest side of the cut surface 5.

[0041] The tunnel door structure 7 is suitable for protecting and reinforcing the open tunnel lining 4;

[0042] The two protective structures 8 are suitable for shielding the tunnel portal structure 7 on both sides of the open tunnel lining 4, and the height of the protective structures 8 is controlled according to the terrain setting to control the lowest side height of the tunnel portal structure 7;

[0043] The drainage structure 9 is suitable for diverting rainwater placed between the mountain 2 and the open hole lining 4;

[0044] The reinforcement structure 10 is suitable for forming a protective layer on the surface of the mountain 2. When the tunnel is constructed and the open hole lining 4 is built, the angle of the cut surface 5 of the open hole lining 4 and the slope of the upper surface of the tunnel portal structure 7 can be designed according to the space in front of the tunnel portal. Then, the protection structure 8 can be cast. The height of the retaining wall 11 in the protection structure 8 can be determined according to the height of the starting point of the cut surface 5 of the open hole lining 4. When the terrain conditions in front of the tunnel portal are limited and the longitudinal length does not meet 15m, the starting point of the cut surface of the open hole lining 4 can be adjusted, and the height of the retaining wall 11 in the traditional bamboo-cut tunnel portal protection structure 8 can be adjusted. The height of the starting point of the cut surface 5 of the bamboo-cut open hole lining 4 is ensured to be flush with the top of the short retaining wall 11, thereby solving the problem of insufficient space at the tunnel entrance in the past, which requires excavation of the soil at the foot of the mountain to meet the construction requirements of the traditional bamboo-cut open hole portal, and effectively improving the practicability of tunnel portal construction; and after the two protective structures 8 are built on both sides of the front end of the open hole lining 4, the portal structure 7 can be built, and with the cooperation of a number of threaded anchor rods 17, the portal structure 7 and the protective structure 8 can be integrated into one, which can effectively fill the space between the open hole lining 4 and the mountain 2, thereby stabilizing the open hole lining 4, and thus playing a protective role. The instability of the back slope is prevented, the stability and durability of the open hole lining 4 are ensured, and the effect of filling masonry materials in the portal structure 7 is reduced, which effectively reduces the erosion of the open hole lining 4 by rainwater. In addition, since the height of the retaining wall 11 is set slightly higher than the lowest point height of the masonry filling layer 18, it provides a placement space for the rammed earth layer 20 in the portal structure 7, so that the retaining wall 11 can block the rammed earth layer 20, meet the fill slope requirement of the rammed earth layer 20, and under the action of the rammed earth layer 20, a base bed can be created for greening above the open hole lining 4, and greening can be carried out on the surface of the rammed earth layer 20, so as to improve the landscape at the tunnel portal. , then the drainage structure 9 can be constructed. Under the action of the drainage structure 9, if there is a lot of rain in the tunnel, the rainwater falling on the slope of the mountain 2 and the rammed earth layer 20 above the open hole lining 4 can be effectively diverted, so that the rainwater will not flow down through the cutting surface of the open hole lining 4, avoiding rainwater from affecting the normal passage of the tunnel. At the same time, in conjunction with the reinforcement structure 10, it is effectively prevented that rainwater accumulates and infiltrates into the bottom of the open hole lining 4, effectively preventing uneven settlement of the tunnel entrance from reducing the stability of the open hole lining 4, avoiding rainwater erosion from affecting the overall stability of the open hole door, and ensuring the overall service life of the tunnel door.

[0045] After the portal structure 7 is built, the protection structure 8 can be constructed. The protection structure 8 can protect the surface of the portal structure 7. When the terrain conditions in front of the tunnel portal are limited and the longitudinal length does not meet 15m, the starting point of the cutting surface of the open hole lining 4 can be adjusted to raise the traditional bamboo-cut portal opening low retaining wall 11.

[0046] Optionally, the protective structure 8 includes a retaining wall 11 symmetrically arranged on the ground base 1, a plurality of positioning grooves 12 on the ground base 1, a plurality of reinforcing rods 13 arranged in the retaining wall 11 and fixed at their lower ends in the plurality of positioning grooves 12, a plurality of fixing clamps 14 symmetrically sleeved on the plurality of reinforcing rods 13, a plurality of fixing nuts 15 symmetrically rotatably connected to the plurality of fixing clamps 14, a plurality of fixing plates 16 that abut against the reinforcing rods 13 and correspond to the plurality of fixing clamps 14, respectively, a plurality of threaded anchor rods 17 that are respectively threadedly connected to the plurality of fixing nuts 15 and the fixing plates 16 and are all placed in the portal structure 7, and before the retaining wall 11 is constructed, two threaded anchor rods 17 are first threadedly installed on each fixing plate 16, and then a plurality of reinforcing rods 13 are inserted into the plurality of positioning grooves 12, and a plurality of reinforcing rods 13 are inserted into the plurality of fixing clamps. The fixing rod 13 is butted against a number of fixing plates 16, and then a number of fixing clamps 14 and a number of threaded anchor rods 17 are connected through a number of fixing nuts 15, and then with the cooperation of the fixing clamps 14 and the fixing plates 16, the number of reinforcing rods 13 can be stably installed. At this time, the retaining wall 11 can be cast outside the number of reinforcing rods 13. After the structure of the retaining wall 11 is stable, the tunnel structure 7 can be constructed. When the tunnel structure 7 is constructed, the number of threaded anchor rods 17 will be stably fixed in the tunnel structure 7, and the height of the retaining wall 11 is slightly higher than the height of the lowest side of the tunnel structure 7, thereby providing a landfill space for the rammed earth layer 20 on the tunnel structure 7, meeting the fill slope requirement of the rammed earth layer 20, and by adjusting the height of the retaining wall 11, the height of the cutting point of the cut surface 5 of the bamboo-cut open hole lining 4 can be adjusted, which solves the problem that the bamboo-cut tunnel gate could not be used due to insufficient space at the tunnel entrance in the past.

[0047] Optionally, the portal structure 7 includes a masonry filling layer 18 connected to the ground substrate 1 and arranged outside the open hole lining 4, a sleeve arch 19 arranged at the connection between the open hole lining 4 and the blind hole lining 3 and placed between the open hole lining 4 and the masonry filling layer 18, and a rammed earth layer 20 arranged above the masonry filling layer 18 and on the open hole lining 4;

[0048] The plurality of threaded anchor rods 17 are all fixed in the masonry filling layer 18;

[0049] The upper surface of the rammed earth layer 20 is inclined, and the masonry filling layer 18 can fill the gap between the mountain 2 and the open hole lining 4, so that they are tightly combined to form a whole, thereby giving play to the elastic resistance of the mountain 2, effectively improving the stability and durability of the open hole lining 4 structure, and under the action of filling the masonry material in the masonry filling layer 18, the leakage problem inside the open hole lining 4 can be effectively reduced, and the internal structure of the tunnel is protected from moisture erosion of the open hole lining 4, thereby improving the service life of the entire tunnel. The sleeve arch 19 can effectively protect the connection between the open hole lining 4 and the blind hole lining 3, thereby ensuring the stability of the open hole lining 4 and the blind hole lining 3, and the rammed earth layer 20 arranged on the upper part of the masonry filling layer 18 can create a base bed for greening, thereby improving the landscape at the tunnel portal. Through its beautiful design, it embellishes the surrounding landscape, realizes the organic combination of the tunnel portal and the surrounding ecological environment, improves the overall beauty and rationality of the landscape, and greatly alleviates the monotony and fatigue of vehicle drivers.

[0050] Optionally, the drainage structure 9 includes a first drainage ditch 21 arranged on the mountain 2 and connected to the rammed earth layer 20, an assembly groove 22 starting from the upper surface of the retaining wall 11, a second drainage ditch 23 installed in the assembly groove 22, a water retaining edge 24 fixedly sleeved on the outside of the open hole lining 4, symmetrically arranged on the rammed earth layer 20, and used to connect the first drainage ditch 21 and the second drainage ditch 23. Two third drainage ditches 25, a plurality of guide grooves 26 respectively opened in a plurality of the reinforcement rods 13, a plurality of water troughs 27 opened on the second drainage ditch 23 and respectively connected to a plurality of the guide grooves 26, a fourth drainage ditch 28 opened in the ground base 1, and a plurality of reinforcement rods 13 respectively opened and used to connect the fourth drainage ditch 28 and the drainage trough 29 of the guide trough 26 can block and collect rainwater flowing from the mountain 2 to the ground base 1 through the first drainage ditch 21, and the second drainage ditch 23 can cooperate with the water retaining edge 24 to block and collect rainwater on the rammed earth layer 20, and with the cooperation of the two third drainage ditches 25, the rainwater in the first drainage ditch 21 can be guided to the second drainage ditch 23, and the rainwater in the second drainage ditch 23 can enter the several diversion ditch 26 along the several water troughs 27, so that the rainwater can be discharged into the fourth drainage ditch 28 through the several drainage grooves 29, so as to discharge the rainwater above the tunnel portal and avoid rainwater flowing to the front side of the open hole lining 4, thereby meeting the drainage needs of the tunnel and facilitating maintenance, thereby ensuring the integrity and durability of the tunnel portal structure 7.

[0051] Optionally, the reinforcement structure 10 includes a plurality of positioning anchor rods 30 arranged in a rectangular array on the slope of the mountain 2, and a concrete panel 31 arranged on the slope of the mountain 2 and connected to the plurality of positioning anchor rods 30;

[0052] The lowest side of the concrete panel 31 is in the same height as the first drainage ditch 21. After the tunnel is built, a number of positioning anchor rods 30 are inserted into the slope of the mountain 2, and concrete is sprayed on the slope of the mountain 2 to form a concrete panel 31, forming a solid protective layer on the surface of the slope of the mountain 2, thereby effectively preventing local collapse and instability of the slope of the mountain 2, and effectively improving the stability of the slope of the mountain 2. After the concrete panel 31 is formed, climbing vines can also be arranged on the concrete surface, thereby coordinating and beautifying the surrounding environment and enhancing the landscape effect at the tunnel.

[0053] Optionally, a plurality of cover plates 32 are provided on the first drainage ditch 21, the second drainage ditch 23 and the third drainage ditch 25, and a plurality of drain grooves 33 are opened on the plurality of cover plates 32. The plurality of cover plates 32 cooperate with the drain grooves 33 to effectively prevent debris from flowing into the first drainage ditch 21, the second drainage ditch 23 and the third drainage ditch 25 with rainwater, while ensuring smooth drainage, facilitating maintenance and cleaning of the drainage ditch, and preventing excessive silt in the first drainage ditch 21, the second drainage ditch 23 and the third drainage ditch 25 from affecting the drainage effect.

[0054] Optionally, a settlement joint 34 is provided between the blind hole lining 3 and the open hole lining 4. The settlement joint 34 is provided perpendicular to the ground substrate 1 and is placed in the middle part of the sleeve arch 19. The set settlement joint 34 can effectively prevent the uneven settlement of the tunnel entrance from reducing the stability of the open hole lining 4, and also reduce the impact of the settlement on the tunnel entrance, thereby ensuring the safety of construction workers during tunnel construction. The sleeve arch 19 can protect the settlement joint 34, have a certain waterproof effect, and reduce the possibility of rainwater invading the tunnel lining and the open hole lining 4 through the settlement joint 34.

[0055] Optionally, the masonry filling layer 18 is arranged in a stepped shape. The stepped masonry filling layer 18 can disperse the load, improve the bearing capacity, ensure the stability of the rammed earth layer 20 thereon, prevent the rammed earth layer 20 from sliding, and thus effectively avoid the instability of the back slope and improve the stability of the tunnel.

[0056] Optionally, the reinforcement structure 10 further includes a steel mesh 35 disposed in the concrete panel 31;

[0057] The steel mesh 35 is fixedly connected to the top ends of several of the positioning anchor rods 30. The set steel mesh 35 can improve the overall strength of the concrete panel 31, ensure the service life of the concrete cover plate 32, and with the cooperation of the steel mesh 35, effectively improve the limiting effect of several positioning anchor rods 30 on the concrete panel 31, ensure that the concrete panel 31 can be stably set on the slope of the mountain 2, and effectively improve the maintenance effect of the concrete panel 31 on the slope of the mountain 2.

[0058] Optionally, the retaining wall 11 is made of cast concrete. During tunnel construction, when the terrain conditions are limited and the longitudinal length is insufficient to accommodate the layout of a bamboo-shaped tunnel portal, the height of the retaining wall 11 can be adjusted to raise the starting point of the cut surface 5 of the open lining 4 of the bamboo-shaped tunnel portal. Since the retaining wall 11 is cast concrete, the height of the retaining wall 11 can be easily adjusted to meet the fill slope requirement of the rammed earth layer 20.

[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type, characterized in that: include: A ground base (1), a mountain (2) arranged on the ground base (1), a blind hole lining (3) and an open hole lining (4) arranged in the mountain (2) and the ground base (1), a cut surface (5) arranged on the open hole lining (4), an inverted arch backfill layer (6) arranged in the blind hole lining (3) and the open hole lining (4), a portal structure (7) arranged on the ground base (1) and placed outside the open hole lining (4), two protective structures (8) symmetrically arranged on the front side of the portal structure (7) and connected to the open hole lining (4), a drainage structure (9) installed on the portal structure (7), the protective structure (8) and the open hole lining (4), and a reinforcement structure (10) arranged on the mountain (2); The height of the protective structure (8) is consistent with the height of the lowest side of the tunnel door structure (7) and the cut surface (5), wherein The tunnel portal structure (7) is suitable for protecting and reinforcing the open tunnel lining (4); The two protective structures (8) are suitable for shielding the tunnel portal structure (7) on both sides of the open tunnel lining (4), and the height of the protective structures (8) is controlled according to the terrain to control the lowest side height of the tunnel portal structure (7); The drainage structure (9) is suitable for diverting rainwater placed between the mountain (2) and the open hole lining (4); The reinforcement structure (10) is suitable for forming a protective layer on the surface of the mountain (2).

2. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The protective structure (8) comprises a retaining wall (11) symmetrically arranged on the ground base (1), a plurality of positioning grooves (12) on the ground base (1), a plurality of reinforcing rods (13) arranged in the retaining wall (11) and having their lower ends respectively fixed in the plurality of positioning grooves (12), a plurality of fixing clamps (14) respectively symmetrically sleeved on the plurality of reinforcing rods (13), a plurality of fixing nuts (15) respectively symmetrically rotationally connected to the plurality of fixing clamps (14), abutting against the reinforcing rods (13) and respectively corresponding to the plurality of fixing clamps (14), and a plurality of threaded anchor rods (17) respectively threadedly connected to the plurality of fixing nuts (15) and the fixing plates (16) and all placed in the portal structure (7).

3. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The portal structure (7) comprises a masonry filling layer (18) connected to the ground base (1) and arranged outside the open hole lining (4), a sleeve arch (19) arranged at the connection between the open hole lining (4) and the blind hole lining (3) and placed between the open hole lining (4) and the masonry filling layer (18), and a rammed earth layer (20) arranged above the masonry filling layer (18) and on the open hole lining (4); The plurality of threaded anchor rods (17) are all fixed in the masonry filling layer (18); The upper surface of the rammed earth layer (20) is arranged inclined.

4. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The drainage structure (9) comprises a first drainage ditch (21) arranged on the mountain (2) and connected to the rammed earth layer (20), an assembly groove (22) starting from the upper surface of the retaining wall (11), a second drainage ditch (23) installed in the assembly groove (22), a water retaining edge (24) fixedly sleeved on the outside of the open hole lining (4), two third drainage grooves (25) symmetrically arranged on the rammed earth layer (20) and used to connect the first drainage ditch (21) and the second drainage ditch (23), a plurality of guide grooves (26) respectively arranged in a plurality of the reinforcement rods (13), a plurality of water-through grooves (27) arranged on the second drainage ditch (23) and respectively connected to a plurality of the guide grooves (26), a fourth drainage ditch (28) arranged in the ground base (1), and drainage grooves (29) respectively arranged on a plurality of the reinforcement rods (13) and used to connect the fourth drainage ditch (28) with the guide groove (26).

5. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The reinforcement structure (10) comprises a plurality of positioning anchor rods (30) arranged in a rectangular array on the slope of the mountain (2), and a concrete panel (31) arranged on the slope of the mountain (2) and connected to the plurality of positioning anchor rods (30); The lowest side of the concrete panel (31) is at the same height as the first drainage ditch (21).

6. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of cover plates (32) are provided on the first drainage ditch (21), the second drainage ditch (23) and the third drainage ditch (25), and a plurality of drainage grooves (33) are provided on the plurality of cover plates (32).

7. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: A settlement joint (34) is provided between the blind hole lining (3) and the open hole lining (4); the settlement joint (34) is provided perpendicular to the ground base (1), and the settlement joint (34) is placed in the middle of the sleeve arch (19).

8. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The masonry filling layer (18) is arranged in a step-like manner.

9. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The reinforcement structure (10) further comprises a steel mesh (35) arranged in the concrete panel (31); The steel mesh (35) is fixedly connected to the top ends of a plurality of positioning anchor rods (30).

10. A half-cut bamboo tunnel portal type as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The retaining wall (11) is made of concrete.

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