Hyperelastic shape memory alloy wire and damper impact test device thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a test bench for an impact test of a superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and a damper thereof, and aims to comprehensively evaluate the superelastic characteristic of the SMA wire under a dynamic impact load and the vibration reduction performance of the damper thereof. The test bed is mainly composed of an upper bottom plate, a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire clamping test unit, a main body frame unit, a steel wire rope, a pull rope displacement sensor, a lower bottom plate, an optical axis supporting seat, a lead screw sliding table, an adsorption release and stress application unit, an optical axis, an impact stress unit, an anti-collision plate and supporting foot cups. By adjusting the weight and the position of the weight disc and the compression amount of the stress application spring, the test bench can realize loading of different impact energy at different heights so as to simulate actual working conditions. Meanwhile, various sensors arranged on the test bench can capture impact force, displacement, resistance and deformation data in real time, and subsequent analysis and processing are facilitated. The test bench is suitable for the performance test in scientific research and engineering application of the shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and the damper thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material testing, and in particular relates to an impact test bench for testing the characteristics of a superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and an SMA wire damper. Background Art

[0002] Shape memory alloy (SMA) is a new type of intelligent material, which has attracted wide attention in the field of materials science due to its unique shape memory effect and superelastic properties. SMA materials can restore their original shape under external stimulation, which provides SMA with broad application prospects in aerospace, biomedicine, mechanical engineering and other fields. Domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on the static tensile properties, superelastic properties, shape memory effect, etc. of SMA materials, and have accumulated rich theoretical and practical experience.

[0003] In the field of vibration control, dampers, as an important vibration reduction device, are widely used in structures such as bridges, buildings, and mechanical equipment to absorb and dissipate vibration energy and improve the seismic performance and stability of the structure. The superelasticity and shape memory properties of SMA materials give it unique advantages in damper design. SMA-based dampers can provide adaptive damping force according to different environmental and load conditions to achieve efficient vibration control.

[0004] Although the static tensile properties of SMA materials have been widely studied, there are relatively few studies on their performance under dynamic impact loads. Due to the small size and fast response of SMA wires, there are currently few devices specifically used to test the impact performance of SMA wires. This limits the in-depth understanding and application of the performance of SMA materials under actual impact conditions. In addition, the damping performance test of SMA-based dampers also faces challenges in equipment and methods.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provides an impact test bench that can effectively test the superelastic properties of SMA wire under dynamic impact loads and accurately evaluate the damping performance of a superelastic SMA wire damper. The design of the test bench takes into account the stress characteristics of SMA materials under actual working conditions and provides scientific testing means and data support for the design and application of SMA materials and their dampers by simulating different impact load conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention relates to an impact test bench, which is designed to evaluate the superelastic characteristics of a shape memory alloy (SMA) wire under the action of a dynamic force and to measure the damping performance of a damper based on the superelastic SMA wire under the action of a similar dynamic force.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The impact test device for superelastic shape memory alloy wire and its damper is mainly composed of an upper base plate, a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit, a main frame unit, a steel wire rope, a pull rope displacement sensor, a lower base plate, an optical axis support seat, a lead screw slide, an adsorption release and force unit, an optical axis, an impact force unit, an anti-collision plate, and a supporting foot cup.

[0009] Furthermore, the main frame unit is mainly assembled from industrial aluminum profiles, the upper base plate and the lower base plate are fixed to the main frame by bolts, and four supporting foot cups are connected to the lower base plate to provide support and ensure the stability of the overall structure during the test.

[0010] Furthermore, the lead screw slide is fixed to the aluminum profile of the main frame unit by a fastening device. By controlling the stepper motor, the adsorption release and vertical movement of the force unit are controlled. Combined with the pull-rope displacement sensor, precise control of the impact release height is achieved to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the test.

[0011] Furthermore, the corresponding positions of the upper base plate and the lower base plate are provided with optical axis support seats. The optical axis is fixedly installed through the support seats. In addition, a plurality of preset pin holes are provided on the optical axis, and the function of fixing the weight plate at a plurality of preset heights can be realized by inserting safety pins into these pin holes. This design ensures that the weight plate can be safely positioned at the required height during the test preparation stage, preventing accidental falling off, thereby ensuring the safety of the test.

[0012] Furthermore, the steel wire rope is fixed by a lifting ring in the shape memory alloy (SMA) clamping test unit, suspended by a track pulley, and passed through the through holes on the upper base plate, the adsorption release and force-applying unit, and the weight plate to lift the impact force plate, thereby transmitting the impact force to the SMA wire during the test.

[0013] Furthermore, the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit is mainly composed of a force sensor connecting plate, a force sensor, a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) left end clamp, a shape memory alloy wire (SMA), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) right end clamp, a lifting ring, a laser displacement sensor 1, a laser displacement sensor measuring baffle, a linear guide rail, and a track pulley. During the test, the test unit is used to clamp the SMA wire and record the deformation amount, impact force and resistance change of the SMA wire, so as to facilitate the subsequent analysis of the mechanical properties of the SMA wire under impact load.

[0014] Furthermore, the adsorption release and force adding unit is mainly composed of an electric push rod fixing plate, an electric push rod, a laser displacement sensor 2, an electromagnet fixing plate, a guide rod, a force adding spring, and a ring electromagnet. The adsorption release and force adding unit is used as an actuator of the impact test bench to control the adsorption and release of heavy objects and adjust the impact energy.

[0015] Furthermore, the impact force unit is mainly composed of a weight plate, a bearing plate, an impact head, an optical axis connection block, and an impact force plate. By increasing or decreasing the weight of the weight plate, the initial impact mass can be adjusted, and in conjunction with the adsorption release and force adding unit, accurate testing of different levels of impact energy can be achieved to meet the test requirements.

[0016] Furthermore, the data collected by all sensors are collected and stored in real time through a data acquisition card. In the data processing stage, appropriate noise reduction technology is used to improve the data quality. Subsequently, statistical analysis methods are applied to analyze the data, including calculating the mean, standard deviation and related statistical indicators to evaluate the mechanical properties of shape memory alloy wire (SMA) and the damping performance of its damper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shape memory alloy wire superelastic property test station of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 The left view of the structure of the superelastic property test station of the shape memory alloy wire of the present invention

[0019] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy wire clamping test unit of the present invention

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the adsorption release and force adding unit of the present invention

[0021] Figure 5 The impact force unit of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1

[0022] Figure 6 The impact force unit of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the damper test station structure based on superelastic SMA wire of the present invention

[0024] In the figure: 1-upper base plate, 2-shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit, 3-main frame unit, 4-steel wire rope, 5-pull rope displacement sensor, 6-lower base plate, 7-optical axis support seat, 8-screw slide, 9-adsorption release and force unit, 10-optical axis, 11-impact force unit, 12-anti-collision plate, 13-support foot cup, 14-force sensor connecting plate, 15-force sensor, 16-shape memory alloy wire (SMA) left end clamp, 17-shape memory alloy wire (SMA), 18-shape Memory alloy wire (SMA) right end clamp, 19-lifting ring, 20-laser displacement sensor 1, 21-laser displacement sensor measurement baffle, 22-linear guide, 23-track pulley, 24-fixed plate, 25-electric push rod, 26-laser displacement sensor 2, 27-electromagnet fixing plate, 28-guide rod, 29-force spring, 30-annular electromagnet, 31-weight plate, 32-load-bearing plate, 33-impact head, 34-optical axis connecting block, 35-impact force plate, 36-damper, 37-force sensor 2. Specific implementation methods

[0026] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, the present invention mainly consists of an upper base plate (1), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit (2), a main frame unit (3), a steel wire rope (4), a pull rope displacement sensor (5), a lower base plate (6), an optical axis support seat (7), a lead screw slide (8), an adsorption release and force unit (9), an optical axis (10), an impact force unit (11), an anti-collision plate (12), and a support foot cup (13).

[0027] The main frame unit is mainly assembled from 4040W industrial aluminum profiles and 4040 angle brackets.

[0028] The upper base plate (1) is fastened to the top of the main frame unit (3). The shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit (2) is assembled on the upper base plate (1). The lower base plate (6) is also fastened to the bottom of the main frame unit (3), and the support foot cup (13) is fixed around the lower base plate (6) to provide stable support. The pull rope displacement sensor (5) is fixed at a specific position of the lower base plate (6) according to the design requirements. Optical axis support seats (7) are installed at corresponding positions of the upper base plate (1) and the lower base plate (6), and the optical axis (10) is fixedly installed through these support seats. A plurality of pin holes are designed on the optical axis (10), allowing the weight plate (31) to be fixed at different heights to meet different height test requirements and increase the safety of the test process. The lead screw slide (8) is located between the upper base plate (1) and the lower base plate (6), and is fixed to the aluminum profile of the main frame unit (3) through a fastening device to achieve precise vertical displacement control. The adsorption release and force adding unit (9) is fixedly mounted on the movable slider of the screw slide (8), and moves up and down with the slider to perform impact loading on the shape memory alloy wire (SMA). The steel wire rope (4) is fixed by a lifting ring (19), suspended by a track pulley (23), and passes through the upper base plate (1), the adsorption release and force adding unit (9), and the weight plate (31) to suspend the impact force plate (35). In order to protect the test bench structure, an anti-collision plate (12) is installed under the impact force unit (11). The anti-collision plate is intended to prevent the impact force unit (11) from falling and causing collision impact on the lower base plate (6) and the optical axis support seat (7) when the shape memory alloy wire breaks during the test. The lower base plate (6) is provided with equally spaced threaded holes in the middle, which are used to fix the damper (36) and the force sensor (37) in the damper test based on the superelastic SMA wire.

[0029] The shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit (2) is installed on the upper base plate (1), and mainly comprises a force sensor connecting plate (14), a force sensor (15), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) left end clamp (16), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) (17), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) right end clamp (18), a lifting ring (19), a laser displacement sensor 1 (20), a laser displacement sensor measurement baffle (21), a linear guide rail (22), and a track pulley (23). Among them, the force sensor connecting plate (14), the linear guide rail (22), and the track pulley (23) are installed at a specific position of the upper base plate (1) according to design requirements. The force sensor (15) is fixed to the force sensor connecting plate (14) by bolts, and a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) left end clamp (16) is installed at the end of the force sensor (15). The right end clamp (18) of the shape memory alloy wire (SMA), a lifting ring (19), and a laser displacement sensor measuring baffle (21) are installed on the slider of the linear guide rail (22). The shape memory alloy wire (SMA) (17) is installed between the left and right clamps (16) (18) and is fixed and pressed by a copper sheet. The copper sheets at both ends of the clamp are connected by an energized wire, and the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) is energized to perform real-time resistance measurement and signal acquisition. Among them, the force sensor (15) and the left end clamp (16) and the right end clamp (18) and the guide rail (22) are connected in an insulating manner to prevent the impact of other components of the impact test bench on the resistance measurement of the shape memory alloy wire (SMA). The laser displacement sensor 1 (20) cooperates with the laser displacement sensor measuring baffle (21) to measure the deformation of the SMA wire during the measurement process. The steel wire rope (4) is fixed by a lifting ring (19), suspended by a track pulley (23), and passes through a through hole on an upper base plate (1), an adsorption release and force application unit (9), and a weight plate (31) to suspend an impact force plate (35) and transmit an impact force to the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) during the test.

[0030] The adsorption, release and force adding unit (9) is installed on the moving slider of the screw slide (8), and mainly consists of an electric push rod fixing plate (24), an electric push rod (25), a laser displacement sensor 2 (26), an electromagnet fixing plate (27), a guide rod (28), a force adding spring (29), and an annular electromagnet (30). The electric push rod (25) is fastened to the electric push rod fixing plate (24) by bolts, and its push rod part passes through the through hole of the fixing plate (24) and is connected to the electromagnet fixing plate (27) below, so that the push rod can drive the electromagnet fixing plate (27) to move vertically when moving. An annular electromagnet (30) is installed below the electromagnet fixing plate (27) for adsorbing and releasing the weight plate (31) during the test. The electromagnet fixing plate (27) is provided with a screw hole for installing a connecting device of the tensile displacement sensor (5) to record the real-time height of the weight plate (31). A force spring (29) is installed below the electric push rod fixing plate (24), and its wire diameter is smaller than the opening size of the electromagnet fixing plate (27) and the annular electromagnet (30). During the test, when the electric push rod (25) drives the electromagnet and the weight plate to move upward, so that the force spring (29) passes through the electromagnet through hole, the force spring contacts the weight plate (31) and is continuously compressed as the weight plate moves upward. Its elastic potential energy is converted into the initial impact energy of the weight plate during the release process. The guide rod (28) is connected to the electromagnet fixing plate (27) and passes through the through hole of the upper electric push rod fixing plate (24) to ensure that the vertical movement of the parts is not affected during the test. The laser displacement sensor 2 (26) is used to measure the release speed of the weight plate (31) and then calculate its initial impact energy.

[0031] The impact force unit (11) is mainly composed of a weight plate (31), a bearing plate (32), an impact head (33), an optical axis connecting block (34), and an impact force plate (35). The bearing plate (32) is installed with clearance fit with the optical axis (10) through the optical axis connecting block (34), ensuring that the bearing plate keeps vertical descent during free fall. The optical axis (10) is provided with a plurality of pin holes, and the bearing plate (32) and the weight plate (31) can be fixed at different heights by inserting safety pins, thereby enhancing the safety of the test. The weight plate (31) is fixed above the bearing plate (32) by bolts, and its weight can be adjusted according to the test requirements. An impact head (33) is installed below the bearing plate (32), which serves as an impact device for applying impact to the impact force plate (35). The steel wire rope (4) passes through the through holes of the weight plate (31), the bearing plate (32) and the impact head (33), and is used to hoist the impact force plate (35). The impact force bearing disc (35) is also installed with clearance fit with the optical axis (10) through the optical axis connecting block (34), ensuring that it can descend vertically after bearing the impact load.

[0032] like Figure 7As shown, after the steel wire rope (4), the anti-collision plate (12), the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) (17), and the impact force plate (35) in the overall structure of the impact test bench are removed, a damper test station structure based on superelastic SMA wire is formed. The middle threaded hole of the lower base plate (6) is used to fix the damper (36) and the force sensor 2 (37), wherein the damper is fixed on the force sensor by bolts, and the force sensor 2 (37) records the impact force borne by the damper (36) during the test in real time.

[0033] The specific working process of the superelastic property test of the shape memory alloy wire is as follows: after the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) is fixed by the clamps (16) (18) at both ends, the stepping motor of the lead screw slide (8) is controlled to drive the adsorption release and force adding unit (9) to move downward, and when it contacts the weight plate (31), the movement stops; then the annular electromagnet (30) is controlled by a signal to adsorb the weight plate (31); if the set impact energy needs to compress the force adding spring (29) to meet it, the electric push rod (25) is controlled to drive the annular electromagnet ( 30), the weight plate (31) moves upward, compresses the force-adding spring (29) to increase the elastic potential energy, and stops moving after reaching the set requirements; then, the stepper motor of the lead screw slide (8) continues to be controlled to drive the adsorption release unit (9), the weight plate (31), and the load-bearing plate (32) to move upward to the specified height, during which the release height is monitored in real time by the pull-wire displacement sensor (5); the annular electromagnet (30) is controlled to be powered off, the weight plate and the load-bearing plate fall freely, and the impact head (33) below the load-bearing plate impacts the force-bearing plate (35). The impact force generated during the test is transmitted to the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) (17) through the steel wire rope (4), while the laser displacement sensor 2 (26) records the strain of the shape memory alloy wire in real time, the force sensor (15) records the impact force borne by the shape memory alloy wire in real time, the data acquisition card records the resistance change of the shape memory alloy wire in real time, the pull rope displacement sensor (5) records the release height in real time, and the laser displacement sensor 1 (20) records the displacement of the weight plate (31) in real time. The impact performance of the SMA wire under the impact load can be obtained through data processing and analysis.

[0034] The specific working process of the damper test based on superelastic SMA wire is as follows: after the damper (36) and the force sensor 2 (37) are fixedly installed on the lower base plate (6), the stepping motor of the lead screw slide (8) is controlled to drive the adsorption release and force adding unit (9) to move downward, and when it contacts the weight plate (31), the movement stops; then the annular electromagnet (30) is controlled by a signal to adsorb the weight plate (31); if the set impact energy needs to compress the force adding spring (29) to meet it, the electric push rod (25) is controlled to drive the annular electromagnet (30) to adsorb the weight plate (31); if the set impact energy needs to compress the force adding spring (29) to meet it, the electric push rod (25) is controlled to drive the annular electromagnet (30) to adsorb the weight plate (31); The electromagnet (30) and the weight plate (31) move upward, compress the force-adding spring (29) to increase the elastic potential energy, and stop moving after reaching the set requirements; then, continue to control the stepping motor of the lead screw slide (8) to drive the adsorption release unit (9), the weight plate (31), and the bearing plate (32) to move upward to the specified height, during which the release height is monitored in real time by the pull-wire displacement sensor (5); control the annular electromagnet (30) to cut off the power, the weight plate and the bearing plate fall freely, and the impact head (33) under the bearing plate impacts the damper. The impact force generated during the test is measured by the force sensor 2 (37), the data acquisition card records the resistance change of the shape memory alloy wire in real time, the pull-wire displacement sensor (5) records the release height in real time, and the laser displacement sensor 1 (20) records the displacement of the weight plate (31) in real time. The data is processed to analyze the damping performance of the damper based on the superelastic SMA wire under the impact load.

Claims

1. A superelastic shape memory alloy wire and its damper impact test device, mainly comprising an upper base plate (1), a shape memory alloy wire (SMA) clamping test unit (2), a main frame unit (3), a steel wire rope (4), a pull rope displacement sensor (5), a lower base plate (6), an optical axis support seat (7), a lead screw slide (8), an adsorption release and force unit (9), an optical axis (10), an impact force unit (11), an anti-collision plate (12), and a support foot cup (13); the upper base plate (1) is fastened to the top of the main frame unit (3); the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) is clamped to the top of the main frame unit (3); the steel wire rope (4), a pull rope displacement sensor (5), a lower base plate (6), an optical axis support seat (7), a lead screw slide (8), an adsorption release and force unit (9), an optical axis (10), an impact force unit (11), an anti-collision plate (12), and a support foot cup (13). ) The clamping test unit (2) is mounted on the upper base plate (1) and is used to clamp the SMA wire and collect data related to the mechanical properties of the SMA wire under impact load; the lower base plate (6) is also fastened to the bottom of the main frame unit (3), and the supporting foot cup (13) is fixed around the lower base plate (6) to provide stable support; the pull rope displacement sensor (5) is fixed at a specific position of the lower base plate (6) according to design requirements; optical axis support seats (7) are installed at corresponding positions of the upper base plate (1) and the lower base plate (6), and the optical axis (10) is fixedly installed through these support seats; the optical axis (10) is fixedly installed on the optical axis (10) The invention is designed with a plurality of pin holes, which allow the weight plate (31) to be fixed at different heights, so as to meet different height test requirements and increase the safety of the test process; the screw slide (8) is located between the upper base plate (1) and the lower base plate (6), and is fixed to the aluminum profile of the main frame unit (3) through a fastening device, so as to realize precise vertical displacement control; the adsorption release and force adding unit (9) is fixedly installed on the moving slider of the screw slide (8), and moves up and down with the screw slide to perform impact loading on the shape memory alloy wire (SMA); the steel wire rope (4) is fixedly connected to the upper base plate (1) and the lower base plate (6) through the lifting ring (19). The impact force plate (35) is suspended by a track pulley (23) and passes through an upper base plate (1), an adsorption release and force application unit (9), and a weight plate (31) to suspend an impact force plate (35); an anti-collision plate (12) is installed below the impact force unit (11) to prevent the impact force unit (11) from falling and causing collision and impact on the lower base plate (6) and the optical axis support seat (7) when the shape memory alloy wire breaks during the test; and a row of threaded holes with equal spacing are opened in the middle of the lower base plate (6) for fixing a damper (36) and a force sensor (37) in the damper test based on superelastic SMA wire.

2. According to the impact testing device for superelastic shape memory alloy wire and its damper as described in claim 1, the adsorption, release and force adding unit (9) is installed on the moving slider of the screw slide (8), and is mainly composed of an electric push rod fixing plate (24), an electric push rod (25), a laser displacement sensor 2 (26), an electromagnet fixing plate (27), a guide rod (28), a force adding spring (29), and an annular electromagnet (30); the electric push rod (25) is fastened to the electric push rod fixing plate (24) by bolts, and its push rod part passes through the through hole of the fixing plate (24) and is connected to the electromagnet fixing plate (27) below, so that the push rod can drive the electromagnet fixing plate (27) to move vertically when moving; an annular electromagnet (30) is installed below the electromagnet fixing plate (27) for adsorbing and releasing the weight plate (31) during the test; the electromagnet fixing plate (27) is provided with screw holes for installing A connecting device for a tensile displacement sensor (5) is installed to record the real-time height of a weight plate (31); a force spring (29) is installed below the electric push rod fixing plate (24), and its wire diameter is smaller than the opening size of the electromagnet fixing plate (27) and the annular electromagnet (30); during the test, when the electric push rod (25) drives the electromagnet and the weight plate to move upward, so that the force spring (29) passes through the electromagnet through hole, the force spring contacts the weight plate (31) and is continuously compressed as the weight plate moves upward, and its elastic potential energy is converted into the initial impact energy of the weight plate during the release process; the guide rod (28) is connected to the electromagnet fixing plate (27) and passes through the through hole of the upper electric push rod fixing plate (24), ensuring that the vertical movement of the parts is not affected during the test; the laser displacement sensor 2 (26) is used to measure the release speed of the weight plate (31), and then calculate its initial impact energy.

3. According to the impact testing device for superelastic shape memory alloy wire and its damper as described in claim 1, the impact force unit (11) is mainly composed of a weight plate (31), a load-bearing plate (32), an impact head (33), an optical axis connecting block (34), and an impact force plate (35); the load-bearing plate (32) is installed with a clearance fit with the optical axis (10) through the optical axis connecting block (34), ensuring that the load-bearing plate maintains a vertical descent during free fall; a weight plate (31) is fixed above the load-bearing plate (32) by bolts, and its weight can be adjusted according to test requirements; an impact head (33) is installed below the load-bearing plate (32), which serves as an impact device for applying impact to the impact force plate (35); the impact force plate (35) transmits the impact force it receives to the shape memory alloy wire (SMA) (17) through a steel wire rope, and is installed with a clearance fit with the optical axis (10) through the optical axis connecting block (34), ensuring that it can move vertically after receiving the impact load.

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