Device for detecting compressive property of surface of automobile part

Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile part surface compression resistance detection device, relates to the technical field of automobile part surface compression resistance detection, and is used for solving the problem that acquired compression resistance data are not comprehensive and accurate enough when only single-side automobile hub compression resistance detection and only single-side hub extrusion stress are performed. Dual compression resistance mode switching is performed in the box cover and the detection box body, position switching of a first hydraulic mold and a second hydraulic mold on a mold shell is driven by a push plate side rotating block, and a motor is matched to drive a sliding block on a placement plate to move, so that switching of storage forms of automobile hubs on the whole storage plate is realized; and finally, along with the contact between the whole tooth column I and the transmission teeth in the lifting mechanism, the whole lifting frame is pushed to rise, and the correspondingly arranged mold is in contact with the wheel hub placement form, so that more comprehensive and accurate wheel hub surface compression resistance detection data are obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automobile component surface compression resistance detection technology, in particular to an automobile component surface compression resistance detection device. Background Art

[0002] Auto parts are the units that make up the whole auto parts processing and the products that serve the auto parts processing. Among them, the automobile wheel hub is an indispensable part of the overall assembly of the automobile. The wheel hub is used to cooperate with the installation of the tire. Therefore, the quality of the wheel hub will affect the normal use effect of the tire. After the wheel hub is cast, it is necessary to test the wheel hub itself to ensure that the wheel hub can be put into actual production and installation;

[0003] There are many aspects of wheel hub testing, one of which is compression testing. Compression testing equipment is used to test the cast wheel hub to see if the wheel hub is compression resistant, thereby testing the relevant performance data of the wheel hub.

[0004] According to the patent with publication number CN115791417A, the hydraulic press is started to press down by the single chip microcomputer. When the output end of the hydraulic press contacts the wheel hub, the pressure gauge also passively contacts the wheel hub and starts to read, and transmits the data to the single chip microcomputer. The built-in comparison system of the single chip microcomputer compares whether the data meets the standard, so as to achieve the beneficial effect of automatically detecting whether the wheel hub pressure resistance meets the standard; however, when performing the wheel hub pressure resistance test, the hydraulic pressure value is usually input in advance according to the set threshold range, and the wheel hub after penetrating the extrusion after the hydraulic mechanism reaches the threshold range is checked to see whether there is deformation and damage. The wheel hub is not subjected to all-round pressure resistance test, and the obtained automobile wheel hub pressure resistance value is relatively single;

[0005] Therefore, we propose a device for testing the surface compressive resistance of automobile parts. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting the surface compressive resistance of automobile parts to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for testing the surface compressive performance of automobile parts, comprising a testing box and a box cover, the top of the testing box is fixed with a box cover by bolts, the top of the box cover is fixed with a hydraulic mechanism by bolts, a mold shell is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft of the hydraulic mechanism, and a hydraulic mold 1 and a hydraulic mold 2 are slidably connected to the mold shell;

[0008] The top of the detection box is slidably connected to a slide, and a lifting mechanism is symmetrically installed in the detection box and on both sides of the slide. A placement plate is slidably connected to the slide, and sliders are slidably connected in grooves on both sides of the top of the placement plate. The top of the slider is rotatably connected to a storage plate, and a filling block is slidably connected to one side of the storage plate and located on the top of the placement plate.

[0009] Furthermore, a slot is provided on one side of the hydraulic mold 1, and tooth columns 1 are fixed to both sides of the bottom of the mold shell by welding, and one end of the tooth column 1 penetrates the lifting mechanism and is slidably connected to the lifting mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, electric push rods are fixed to both sides of the box cover by bolts, a push plate is fixed to one end of the electric push rod by bolts, and a rotary block is movably connected to one side of the push plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes a side box, transmission teeth and gear column 2. The side box is symmetrically installed in the detection box. A cavity is opened in the side box. The inner walls on both sides of the cavity are movably connected with transmission teeth through bearings. The tooth surface at one end of the gear column 1 is meshed with the transmission teeth. The side box is slidably connected with gear column 2. The tooth surface on one side of the gear column 2 is meshed with the transmission teeth. A lifting frame is slidably connected to one side of the side box and located at the bottom of the slide. The gear column 2 is located on the outer sleeve of the side box and is fixed to the lifting frame.

[0012] Furthermore, a motor is fixed to the top of the placement plate by bolts, a threaded rod is movably connected to one side of the groove on the top of the placement plate, one end of the threaded rod passes through a slider and is threadedly connected to the slider, and the gear at the end of the threaded rod is connected to the gear at the end of the motor by a toothed chain.

[0013] Furthermore, both sides of the top of the placement plate are rotatably connected with rotating arms through bearings, one end of the rotating arm is movably connected to one side of the storage plate, and one side of the detection box is fixedly connected to a display table through bolts.

[0014] The method for testing the surface compressive resistance of automobile parts is as follows:

[0015] The motor rotates to drive the sliders in the grooves on both sides to slide, and the storage plate on the placement plate is erected after the rotating arm is limited. The automobile wheel hub is vertically placed on the storage plate from the rear of the inspection box, and the slide is used to slide on the track at the bottom of the inspection box to move the automobile wheel hub to be inspected to the bottom of the mold shell;

[0016] The mold shell is actively pushed down by the hydraulic mechanism, so that the slots on the two sides of the hydraulic mold are flush with the rotary block, the electric push rod drives the push plate to contact the mold shell side, the rotary block on the push plate contacts the slot and the hydraulic mold 2 is moved to the top of the car wheel hub through the activity of the electric push rod, then the rotary block rotates and the electric push rod contracts, the hydraulic mechanism continues to push the entire mold shell down, at the same time, the gear column 1 contacts the transmission gear and drives the lifting frame on the gear column 2 to move, and the placement plate on the slide is lifted, and with the hydraulic mold 2 descending and the placement plate being lifted as a whole, the side of the vertically placed car wheel hub on the storage plate begins to contact the hydraulic mold 2, and by inputting the hydraulic value on the display in advance, the hydraulic mechanism continues to push until the hydraulic setting value is reached, completing the compression test of the car wheel hub on the vertical surface;

[0017] Then the hydraulic mechanism rises, and the placement plate descends while the storage plate rotates to make the entire car wheel hub flat. At the same time, the entire electric push rod pushes the hydraulic mold 1 to the top of the car wheel hub. At this time, the hydraulic mechanism descends again to drive the hydraulic mold 1 to contact the flat surface of the car wheel hub to carry out the compression test on the horizontal plane of the car wheel hub.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, the rotary block for calibrating the mold position on the push plate can contact the hydraulic mold 1 sliding in the mold shell through the electric push rod on the box cover side, and the rotary block rotates in the slot in the hydraulic mold 1, and cooperates with the electric push rod to achieve the precise placement of the wheel hub on the top of the storage plate. Cooperate with the subsequent hydraulic mechanism to achieve the abutment of the hydraulic mold 1 and the hydraulic mold 2 with the wheel hub, so as to avoid the wheel hub from being separated from the storage plate when squeezed due to the deviation of the docking position between the hydraulic mold and the wheel hub, and in severe cases, the wheel hub is unevenly stressed and collapsed;

[0020] 2. In the present invention, the hydraulic mechanism descends while the gear column 1 contacts the transmission gear in the side box, driving the lifting frame connected to the gear column 2 to lift the entire placement plate, so that the hydraulic mold and the automobile wheel hub on the storage plate move toward each other and act on both sides of the wheel hub at the same time, squeezing both sides of the wheel hub at the same time. Compared with the compression test of the wheel hub subjected to unilateral force, the data obtained is more accurate;

[0021] 3. In the present invention, the entire storage plate is driven to slide by the activity of the motor on the storage plate, and the storage plate is abutted and limited by the rotating arm, so that the storage plate can have two placement postures for storing automobile wheels. In conjunction with the top hydraulic mold 1 and the hydraulic mold 2, the automobile wheel can be tested for compression in the vertical and horizontal directions to obtain more comprehensive automobile wheel compression performance data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device for testing the surface compressive performance of automobile parts of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the device for testing the surface compressive performance of automobile parts of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the device for testing the surface compression resistance of automobile parts of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper mold shell of the hydraulic mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure installation of the lifting mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a plate placed on a slide of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the automobile wheel hub of the present invention is placed vertically on a storage plate.

[0029] In the figure: 1. detection box; 2. box cover; 3. hydraulic mechanism; 4. mold shell; 5. hydraulic mold 1; 6. hydraulic mold 2; 7. slot; 8. gear column 1; 9. electric push rod; 10. push plate; 11. rotary block; 12. lifting mechanism; 121. side box; 122. cavity; 123. transmission gear; 124. gear column 2; 125. lifting frame; 13. slide; 14. placement plate; 15. motor; 16. threaded rod; 17. slide block; 18. storage plate; 19. filling block; 20. rotating arm; 21. display stand. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] See also Figure 1-7 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0032] Example 1: Continuing to drive after a tire is deflated or the tire pressure is extremely low causes the weight of the car to act directly on the wheel hub. Without a buffer between the wheel hub and the ground, the wheel hub will deform. Collision is also one of the factors that cause the wheel hub to deform. Therefore, the compression test after the wheel hub is formed is particularly important. Figure 1 As shown, the entire automobile wheel hub surface compression performance testing device is provided with a pressurized testing area and a moving shape change area, in order to obtain more comprehensive automobile wheel hub compression testing data;

[0033] The hydraulic mechanism 3 is the core of the force application area, and the main body is the hydraulic mechanism 3. The end of the hydraulic mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to the upper mold shell 4. Figure 2 As shown, a hydraulic mold 1 5 and a hydraulic mold 2 6 are slidably connected to the mold shell 4. The hydraulic mold 1 5 is used for extruding the surface of a horizontally placed wheel hub, while the hydraulic mold 2 6 is used for extruding the surface of a vertically placed wheel hub;

[0034] In order to facilitate the switching of the hydraulic mold 1 5 and the hydraulic mold 2 6 on the surface of the mold shell 4, electric push rods 9 are fixed on both sides of the box cover 2 at the top of the detection box 1, and the ends of the electric push rods 9 are connected to the upper push plate 10. The center side of the push plate 10 is movably connected with a rotating block 11. The rotating block 11 is driven by the power mechanism behind the push plate 10 and can rotate;

[0035] Correspondingly, the hydraulic mold 1 5 is connected to the hydraulic mold 2 6, and a slot 7 is provided on one side of the hydraulic mold 1 5. The entire slot 7 has an inverted "T" shape in cross section. The electric push rod 9 drives the rotary block 11 to be clamped into the slot 7. The hydraulic mold 1 5 is locked with the rotation of the rotary block 11. At this time, the activity of the electric push rod 9 can also drive the entire hydraulic mold 1 5 and the hydraulic mold 2 6 to slide in the mold shell 4, which is beneficial for the subsequent precise docking of the hydraulic mold 1 5 and the hydraulic mold 2 6 with the automobile wheel hub, avoiding the problem of falling off when the wheel hub is squeezed;

[0036] Then place the car wheel hub, such as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a slide 13 is slidably connected to the track on the inner wall of the test box 1, and a placement plate 14 is slidably connected to the slide 13, wherein the placement plate 14 is initially located at the rear of the test box 1, so as to facilitate loading and unloading of automobile wheel hub compression test;

[0037] When it is necessary to perform a vertical compression test on the automobile wheel hub, the motor 15 on the placement plate 14 starts to rotate, and a toothed chain is installed between the gear at the end of the motor 15 and the gear at the end of the threaded rod 16 on the placement plate 14. The rotation of the motor 15 drives the entire threaded rod 16 to rotate, and the slider 17 sleeved on the threaded rod 16 can slide back and forth after being limited by the groove. The entire storage plate 18 for placing the automobile wheel hub is installed on the top of the slider 17, and the rotating arms 20 movably connected on both sides of the placement plate 14 are movably connected to the storage plate 18;

[0038] As the slider 17 moves toward the motor 15, the storage plate 18, which is limited by the rotating arm 20, begins to rotate vertically, and finally realizes Figure 6 At this time, the automobile wheel hub can be placed on the storage plate 18, such as Figure 7As shown, the slide 13 slides to move the automobile wheel hub on the storage plate 18 to the lifting area, and the hydraulic mold 2 6 on the mold shell 4 descends to achieve abutment on both sides of the automobile wheel hub. The automobile wheel hub is abutted by the hydraulic mold 2 6 of a specific shape to avoid sliding of the wheel hub during extrusion, so that the compression test value is more accurate;

[0039] When the entire motor 15 rotates and drives the slider 17 on the threaded rod 16 to move away, the storage plate 18 pulled by the rotating arm 20 begins to be placed horizontally. At this time, the wheel hub on the storage plate 18 is also placed horizontally. As the hydraulic mold 5 on the mold shell 4 descends, the fully covered hydraulic mold 5 will obtain more accurate horizontal compression resistance test data.

[0040] Embodiment 2: Due to the mutuality of the forces, when performing the compression test on the automobile wheel hub, it is necessary to apply forces on both sides simultaneously. Figure 3 As shown, a lifting mechanism 12 is symmetrically installed in the detection box 1, wherein the two lifting mechanisms 12 are slidably connected to the opposite surfaces with a lifting frame 125, and the lifting frame 125 is located at the bottom of the slide 13. The lifting frame 125 moves to push the entire placement plate 14 on the entire slide 13 to rise as a whole, and the bottom mold shell 4 of the hydraulic mechanism 3 descends, so that the hydraulic mold 1 5, the hydraulic mold 2 6 and the storage plate 18 move towards each other at the same time, completing the extrusion of both sides of the automobile wheel hub;

[0041] For the whole lifting frame 125 to be driven, a cavity 122 is provided in the side box 121. Figure 5 As shown, a tooth column 124 is slidably connected in the cavity 122, and a sleeve on the tooth column 124 is fixedly connected to a lifting frame 125 in the channel, and a tooth column 1 8 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the entire mold shell 4;

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the entire hydraulic mechanism 3 pushes the mold shell 4 to descend, the tooth column 8 penetrating the side box 121 first contacts the drive tooth 123 movably connected in the cavity 122, driving the mold shell 4 to move downward. Figure 5 The transmission gear 123 shown rotates clockwise, and the second gear column 124 on the other side is also meshed and connected with the transmission gear 123. The clockwise rotating transmission gear 123 pushes the entire second gear column 124 to rise, so that the lifting frame 125 connected to the second gear column 124 rises to contact the placement plate 14 on the slide 13;

[0043] Considering that the entire hydraulic mold 1 5 and the hydraulic mold 2 6 exert a relatively large extrusion pressure on the automobile wheel hub on the storage plate 18, long-term operation may easily cause deformation of the rotating connection of the storage plate 18, so the installation of the buffer structure filling block 19 is required;

[0044] like Figure 6As shown, when the entire lifting frame 125 rises and contacts the placement plate 14 in the slide 13, it will also push the entire filling block 19 up, first contacting the entire storage plate 18 on the car wheel hub, and the pressure applied by the hydraulic mold 26 acts mostly on the filling block 19. Similarly, the flipped storage plate 18 will also assist in abutting the wheel hub when the entire filling block 19 is lifted, extending the use of the entire storage plate 18. For the control of the hydraulic mechanism 3 on the entire detection box 1, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, a display stand 21 is installed on one side of the test box 1 , and the automobile wheel hub compression test is performed through the hydraulic pressure value pre-input on the display stand 21 .

[0045] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the motor 15 rotates to drive the sliders 17 in the grooves on both sides to slide, the storage plate 18 on the placement plate 14 is raised after being limited by the rotating arm 20, the automobile wheel hub is vertically placed on the storage plate 18 from the rear of the detection box 1, and the slide 13 is used to slide on the track at the bottom of the detection box 1 to move the automobile wheel hub to be detected to the bottom of the mold shell 4;

[0046] The mold shell 4 is actively pushed down by the hydraulic mechanism 3, so that the side slot 7 of the hydraulic mold 2 6 is flush with the rotary block 11, the electric push rod 9 drives the push plate 10 to contact the side of the mold shell 4, the rotary block 11 on the push plate 10 contacts the slot 7, and the hydraulic mold 2 6 is moved to the top of the automobile wheel hub through the activity of the electric push rod 9, and then the rotary block 11 rotates and the electric push rod 9 contracts, and the hydraulic mechanism 3 continues to push the entire mold shell 4 down, and at the same time, the tooth column 1 8 contacts the transmission tooth 123 and drives the lifting frame 125 on the tooth column 2 124 to move, and the placement plate 14 on the slide 13 is lifted, and with the hydraulic mold 2 6 descending and the placement plate 14 being lifted as a whole, the side of the automobile wheel hub placed vertically on the storage plate 18 begins to contact the hydraulic mold 2 6, and by inputting the hydraulic value on the display table 21 in advance, the hydraulic mechanism 3 continues to push until the hydraulic setting value is reached, and the compression test of the automobile wheel hub on the vertical plane is completed;

[0047] Then the hydraulic mechanism 3 rises, and the placement plate 14 descends while the storage plate 18 rotates to make the entire automobile wheel hub flat. At the same time, the entire electric push rod 9 pushes the hydraulic mold 5 to the top of the automobile wheel hub. At this time, the hydraulic mechanism 3 descends again to drive the hydraulic mold 5 to contact the flat surface of the automobile wheel hub to perform a compression test on the horizontal plane of the automobile wheel hub.

[0048] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0050] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for testing the surface compressive performance of automobile parts, comprising a testing box (1) and a box cover (2), wherein the top of the testing box (1) is fixed with the box cover (2) by bolts, characterized in that: A hydraulic mechanism (3) is fixed to the top of the box cover (2) by bolts, a mold shell (4) is fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft of the hydraulic mechanism (3), and a hydraulic mold 1 (5) and a hydraulic mold 2 (6) are slidably connected to the mold shell (4); The top of the detection box (1) is slidably connected to a slide (13), a lifting mechanism (12) is symmetrically installed in the detection box (1) and located on both sides of the slide (13), a placement plate (14) is slidably connected to the slide (13), and sliders (17) are slidably connected in grooves on both sides of the top of the placement plate (14), the top of the slider (17) is rotatably connected to a storage plate (18), and a filling block (19) is slidably connected to one side of the storage plate (18) and located on the top of the placement plate (14).

2. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping groove (7) is provided on one side of the hydraulic mold (5), and tooth columns (8) are fixed on both sides of the bottom of the mold shell (4) by welding, and one end of the tooth column (8) passes through the lifting mechanism (12) and is slidably connected to the lifting mechanism (12).

3. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: Electric push rods (9) are fixed to both sides of the box cover (2) by bolts, a push plate (10) is fixed to one end of the electric push rod (9) by bolts, and a rotary block (11) is movably connected to one side of the push plate (10).

4. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (12) comprises a side box (121), a transmission tooth (123) and a second tooth column (124). The side box (121) is symmetrically installed in the detection box (1). A cavity (122) is provided in the side box (121). The inner walls on both sides of the cavity (122) are movably connected with the transmission tooth (123) through bearings. The tooth surface at one end of the first tooth column (8) is meshed with the transmission tooth (123). The side box (121) is slidably connected with the second tooth column (124). The tooth surface at one side of the second tooth column (124) is meshed with the transmission tooth (123). A lifting frame (125) is slidably connected to one side of the side box (121) and located at the bottom of the slide frame (13). The second tooth column (124) is located on the outer sleeve of the side box (121) and is fixed to the lifting frame (125).

5. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: A motor (15) is fixed to the top of the placement plate (14) by bolts, and a threaded rod (16) is movably connected to one side of the groove at the top of the placement plate (14), one end of the threaded rod (16) passes through a slider (17) and is threadedly connected to the slider (17), and a gear at the end of the threaded rod (16) is connected to a gear at the end of the motor (15) by a toothed chain.

6. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top sides of the placement plate (14) are rotatably connected to rotating arms (20) via bearings, one end of the rotating arm (20) is movably connected to one side of the storage plate (18), and one side of the detection box (1) is fixedly connected to a display stand (21) via bolts.

7. The device for detecting the surface compressive performance of automobile parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for testing the surface compressive resistance of automobile parts is as follows: The motor (15) is rotated to drive the sliders (17) in the grooves on both sides to slide, and the storage plate (18) on the placement plate (14) is raised after being limited by the rotating arm (20), and the automobile wheel hub is vertically placed on the storage plate (18) from the rear of the detection box (1), and the slide (13) is used to slide on the bottom track of the detection box (1) to move the automobile wheel hub to be detected to the bottom of the mold shell (4); The mold shell (4) is actively pushed down by the hydraulic mechanism (3), so that the side slot (7) of the hydraulic mold 2 (6) is flush with the rotary block (11), the electric push rod (9) drives the push plate (10) to contact the side of the mold shell (4), the rotary block (11) on the push plate (10) contacts the slot (7) and the hydraulic mold 2 (6) is moved to the top of the automobile wheel hub through the activity of the electric push rod (9), then the rotary block (11) rotates and the electric push rod (9) contracts, the hydraulic mechanism (3) continues to push the entire mold shell (4) down, and at the same time the tooth column (1) 8) contacting the transmission gear (123) and driving the lifting frame (125) on the gear column (124) to move, lifting the placement plate (14) on the slide (13), and with the hydraulic mold (6) (6) (6) (6) and the placement plate (14) ... Then the hydraulic mechanism (3) rises, the placement plate (14) descends, and the storage plate (18) rotates to achieve the flat placement of the entire automobile wheel hub. At the same time, the entire electric push rod (9) pushes the hydraulic mold 1 (5) to the top of the automobile wheel hub. At this time, the hydraulic mechanism (3) descends again to drive the hydraulic mold 1 (5) to contact the flat surface of the automobile wheel hub, and the pressure resistance test on the horizontal surface of the automobile wheel hub is carried out.

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