Long-acting matrix particle for vegetation recovery in high-altitude arid region and preparation method thereof
By preparing a long -acting matrix particles made of semi -water phosphor gypsum, silt and other materials in high altitude in the southwest, solve the problem of great vegetation recovery in the region and the existing matrix material destruction of the ecological environment, and achieve planting high plant height The improvement rate and growth performance are improved, and they have good water retention and anti -brushing capabilities.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411249248.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-21
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult to restore vegetation in exposed slopes and slag sites in high-altitude arid areas in southwest China, with low survival rates of plants. The existing ecological matrix materials have problems of hardening and salinization, which is not conducive to the ecological environment.
Adopt long -acting matrix particles prepared by semi -water phosphor gypsum, sludge, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, flour ash, methyl cellulose, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate and water preparation, through modified silt and added Other raw materials, improve the stability, water retention and thermal insulation performance of the matrix.
The long -term effect of vegetation recovery in high altitude arid areas has improved the survival rate and growth performance of plants. It has good water retention and anti -rainfall capacity, and is friendly to ecological environment.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to long-acting matrix particles for restoring vegetation in high-altitude arid areas and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0003] The natural environment in the high-altitude arid areas of the southwest is extremely harsh, with a cold and dry climate, little precipitation and high evaporation, poor soil, and great difficulty in vegetation restoration, making it difficult to achieve long-term greening. These have always been difficulties in ecological environmental restoration work.
[0004] Ecological substrates are artificial soils suitable for plant growth, composed of soil, plant seeds, organic matter, fertilizer, pH regulators, water-retaining agents, fibers, and adhesives in appropriate proportions. Existing ecological substrates in high-altitude arid regions have limited vegetation restoration effectiveness and contain large amounts of cement. These substrates can easily lead to hardening and salinization of the surrounding soil, which is extremely detrimental to the growth of animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are therefore unsuitable for high-altitude areas with harsh climates, poor soils, and simple ecosystems.
[0005] Therefore, a new matrix material is needed to complete vegetation restoration in the high-altitude arid areas of the southwest without causing damage to the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a long-lasting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas and a preparation method, so as to solve the problem of difficulty in vegetation restoration and low plant survival rate in exposed slopes and slag dumps in high-altitude arid areas in the southwest.
[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0008] The invention discloses a long-lasting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas, which is prepared from raw materials including the following substances: hemihydrate phosphogypsum, silt, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, methyl cellulose, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate and water.
[0009] In some embodiments, the moisture content of the sludge is 30-50%.
[0010] In some embodiments, the raw materials include the following substances, calculated by weight: 40-45 parts of hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 25-35 parts of sludge, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 parts of wood fiber, 2-5 parts of fly ash, 0.5-2 parts of methyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.5-2 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-15 parts of water.
[0011] In some embodiments, the raw materials include the following substances, calculated by weight: 40 to 45 parts of hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 25 to 35 parts of sludge, 2 to 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2 to 0.3 parts of wood fiber, 2 to 5 parts of fly ash, 0.5 to 2 parts of methyl cellulose, 3 to 5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.5 to 2 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 5 to 15 parts of water and 5 to 10 parts of plant seeds.
[0012] In some embodiments, the plant seeds include Amorpha fruticosa seeds, Caragana korshinskii seeds, Pigeon pea seeds, Robinia pseudoacacia seeds, Tall fescue seeds, Lolium perenne seeds, or Elymus dahliae seeds.
[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas, comprising the following steps:
[0014] Raw material preparation: preparing hemihydrate phosphogypsum, the sludge, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, methyl cellulose, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate, water and the plant seeds according to the proportion;
[0015] Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 to 8 parts of water, stirring at high speed for 20 to 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0016] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, plant seeds, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0017] In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring is 800-1000 rpm.
[0018] The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas in ecological restoration.
[0019] In some embodiments, the matrix particles are sprayed on exposed slopes or slag fields in high-altitude arid areas by means of soil spraying.
[0020] It should be noted that phosphogypsum is a common industrial by-product gypsum. The emissions of phosphogypsum in my country have increased rapidly with the development of the phosphate fertilizer industry. As of 2020, its cumulative accumulation has exceeded 800 million tons. At present, the main method of treating phosphogypsum is still stacking and landfilling, which not only wastes land resources, but also contains heavy metal pollutants inside the phosphogypsum, which can easily pollute the environment.
[0021] Silt contains rich organic matter and nutrients, but due to its high moisture content and high density, it cannot be used directly as a planting medium.
[0022] Based on this, the present invention first uses methylcellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to modify the sludge. After high-speed stirring, the sludge's density is reduced, which can meet the needs of plant growth. At the same time, its fluidity is reduced, and a certain degree of cohesion is generated, which can act as a binder. Furthermore, other raw materials are added to the modified sludge. Among them, hemihydrate phosphogypsum undergoes a hydration reaction and hardens upon contact with water, which helps to improve the stability of the matrix and prevent collapse; organic fertilizer supplements essential nutrients for plant growth and improves the air permeability of the matrix particles; wood fiber can be used to prevent the matrix particles from cracking and falling off; the incorporation of polystyrene foam particles increases the thermal insulation performance of the matrix particles, which can protect plant roots in severe cold weather. The modified sludge also increases the bonding strength between the polystyrene foam particles and the polystyrene foam particles, making the polystyrene foam particles better dispersed in the system; and fly ash can improve the water retention of the matrix particles and make the matrix particles easier to mix.
[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0024] The matrix particles provided by the present invention have good water retention and heat insulation properties, are suitable for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas in the southwest, have good stability, and are highly resistant to rain erosion. Their main raw materials are hemihydrated phosphogypsum and silt, and are an effective way to solve the problem of phosphogypsum accumulation and utilize silt resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
[0026] The hemihydrated phosphogypsum used in the embodiment of the present invention is provided by a phosphate fertilizer plant in Yunnan Province. It is in the form of particles with a size of 1 to 5 mm. The silt is excavated from a river and has a moisture content of 40%. The organic fertilizer is provided by a biological company in Sichuan Province. The remaining raw materials are purchased from the market.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] A method for preparing long-lasting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas comprises the following steps:
[0029] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 40 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 35 parts silt, 3 parts organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts wood fiber, 3.5 parts fly ash, 1 part methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate, 10 parts water and 10 parts tall fescue seeds;
[0030] Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 parts of water, stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0031] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, tall fescue seeds, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0032] A slope in a high-altitude area in southwestern Sichuan was selected as the experimental site (2050 meters above sea level, test temperature 8-17°C, annual precipitation less than 400 mm). The above-mentioned matrix particles were sprayed on the land surface using a soil sprayer to form a matrix layer with a thickness of 15 cm.
[0033] Example 2
[0034] A method for preparing long-lasting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas comprises the following steps:
[0035] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 45 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 25 parts silt, 2 parts organic fertilizer, 0.2 parts wood fiber, 4 parts fly ash, 2 parts methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate, 15 parts water and 10 parts tall fescue seeds;
[0036] Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 8 parts of water, stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0037] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, tall fescue seeds, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0038] Similarly, in another area of the above-mentioned experimental plot, the above-mentioned matrix particles were sprayed on the land surface using a soil sprayer to form a matrix layer with a thickness of 15 cm.
[0039] Example 3
[0040] A method for preparing long-lasting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas comprises the following steps:
[0041] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 45 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 30 parts silt, 3 parts organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts wood fiber, 4 parts fly ash, 1.5 parts methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 1.5 parts sodium lignin sulfonate, 12 parts water and 5 parts tall fescue seeds;
[0042] Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 parts of water, stirring at a speed of 800 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0043] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, tall fescue seeds, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0044] Similarly, in another area of the above-mentioned experimental plot, the above-mentioned matrix particles were sprayed on the land surface using a soil sprayer to form a matrix layer with a thickness of 15 cm.
[0045] The germination rate of tall fescue seeds, plant growth height, etc. were used as indicators to judge the quality of the planting performance of the matrix particles prepared in the above embodiments.
[0046] Wherein, seed germination rate = (number of germinated seeds / number of test seeds) × 100%;
[0047] Growth height: From the beginning of sowing, the plant height of tall fescue was counted using the 5-point sampling method. The first height measurement was carried out after 2 weeks, and the plant growth height was measured once every 5 days to calculate the average value.
[0048] The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0049] Table 1
[0050]
[0051] As shown in Table 1, when the matrix particles provided by the present invention are used for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas, the germination rate is about 80%, the plants grow and develop well, and the expected restoration effect is achieved.
[0052] Example 4
[0053] A method for preparing long-lasting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas comprises the following steps:
[0054] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 40 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 35 parts silt, 3 parts organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts wood fiber, 3.5 parts fly ash, 1 part methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate and 10 parts water;
[0055] Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 parts of water, stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0056] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0057] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that no plant seeds are mixed into the matrix particles during the preparation process, so as to test the water retention performance of the matrix particles.
[0058] Example 5
[0059] The difference between Example 5 and Example 2 is that no plant seeds are mixed into the matrix particles during the preparation process, so as to test the water retention performance of the matrix particles.
[0060] Example 6
[0061] The difference between Example 6 and Example 3 is that no plant seeds are mixed into the matrix particles during the preparation process, so as to test the water retention performance of the matrix particles.
[0062] Comparative Example 1
[0063] A method for preparing matrix particles comprises the following steps:
[0064] By weight, 40 parts of hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 35 parts of silt, 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts of wood fiber, 3.5 parts of fly ash, 1 part of methyl cellulose, 4 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 10 parts of water are mixed to obtain the product.
[0065] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 4 is that the sludge is not modified and the raw materials are directly mixed.
[0066] Comparative Example 2
[0067] A method for preparing matrix particles comprises the following steps:
[0068] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 40 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 35 parts silt, 3 parts organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts wood fiber, 3.5 parts fly ash, 1 part methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate and 10 parts water;
[0069] Sludge modification: add all the methyl cellulose to all the sludge, add 5 parts of water, and stir at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0070] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0071] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 4 is that, during the sludge modification, only methyl cellulose was added to the sludge, and sodium lignin sulfonate was mixed into the system in a subsequent step.
[0072] Comparative Example 3
[0073] A method for preparing matrix particles comprises the following steps:
[0074] Raw material preparation: Prepare, by weight, 40 parts hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 35 parts silt, 3 parts organic fertilizer, 0.3 parts wood fiber, 3.5 parts fly ash, 1 part methyl cellulose, 4 parts polystyrene foam particles, 2 parts sodium lignin sulfonate and 10 parts water;
[0075] Sludge modification: adding all the sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 parts of water, stirring at a speed of 1000 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge;
[0076] Preparation of matrix particles: adding all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, methyl cellulose, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mixing them to obtain the matrix particles.
[0077] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 4 is that, during the sludge modification, only sodium lignin sulfonate was added to the sludge, and methyl cellulose was mixed into the system in a subsequent step.
[0078] Water retention performance test of matrix particles:
[0079] Using a ring sampler (inner diameter: 70±0.16 mm, ring sampler: 52±0.16 mm), the matrix particles of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were respectively collected and placed in a vacuum saturator for full saturation. The particles were then removed after 24 hours. After wiping off any surface water with filter paper, the particles were placed in an oven set to a constant temperature of 80°C and weighed every 4 hours. The mass of the ring sampler was recorded and the cumulative water loss was calculated. The total water loss mass was calculated as the soil water retention capacity.
[0080] Rainwater erosion resistance test:
[0081] The matrix particles prepared in Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were formed into samples measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm. The samples were then flushed using a water sprinkler to simulate rainfall. The flushing area was 5 cm x 5 cm and the flushing time was 30 minutes. The weight of each sample before and after flushing was recorded, and the weight loss was calculated.
[0082] The test results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0083] Table 2
[0084]
[0085]
[0086] As shown in Table 2, the matrix particles provided by the present invention have good water retention and rainwater erosion resistance, and have a long-lasting effect.
[0087] At the same time, the leaching toxicity of the matrix particles prepared in Examples 4 to 6 was tested with reference to the standard HJ 557-2010 "Solid Waste Leaching Toxicity Leaching Method Horizontal Oscillation Method". The results showed that the leaching contents of various heavy metals were all below the minimum limit, and safety was guaranteed.
[0088] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. Rather, the present invention can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or techniques or knowledge in the relevant field. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be protected by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A long-acting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas, characterized in that: The product is prepared from raw materials including hemihydrate phosphogypsum, sludge, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, methyl cellulose, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate and water.
2. The long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water content of the sludge is 30-50%.
3. The long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 25-35 parts of sludge, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 parts of wood fiber, 2-5 parts of fly ash, 0.5-2 parts of methyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.5-2 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate and 5-15 parts of water.
4. The long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials, in parts by weight: 40-45 parts of hemihydrate phosphogypsum, 25-35 parts of sludge, 2-3 parts of organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.3 parts of wood fiber, 2-5 parts of fly ash, 0.5-2 parts of methyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of polystyrene foam particles, 0.5-2 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 5-15 parts of water and 5-10 parts of plant seeds.
5. The long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plant seeds include Amorpha fruticosa seeds, Caragana korshinskii seeds, Pigeon pea seeds, Robinia pseudoacacia seeds, Festuca australis seeds, Lolium perenne seeds or Elymus dactylis seeds.
6. The method for preparing a long-acting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Raw material preparation: preparing hemihydrate phosphogypsum, the sludge, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, methyl cellulose, polystyrene foam particles, sodium lignin sulfonate, water and the plant seeds according to the proportion; Sludge modification: adding all the methyl cellulose and sodium lignin sulfonate to all the sludge, and adding 5 to 8 parts of water, stirring at high speed for 20 to 30 minutes to obtain modified sludge; Preparation of matrix particles: add all the hemihydrate phosphogypsum, organic fertilizer, wood fiber, fly ash, polystyrene foam particles, plant seeds, and the remaining water to the modified sludge, and mix well to obtain the matrix particles.
7. The method for preparing a long-acting matrix particle for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the high-speed stirring is 800-1000 rpm.
8. Use of the long-acting matrix particles for vegetation restoration in high-altitude arid areas according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in ecological restoration.