Soil pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock and mounting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil pressure meter fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock and an installation method, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction monitoring equipment.The soil pressure meter fixing device comprises a supporting frame, a fixing and leveling device, a measuring assembly and a locking device, and the fixing and leveling device adjusts the installation angle of the supporting frame; the measuring assembly comprises a first base plate, a mortar layer, a soil pressure meter and a second base plate, and the locking device comprises a plurality of locking pieces arranged in the circumferential direction of the soil pressure meter. The supporting frame is subjected to primary leveling through the fixed leveling device, the measuring assembly is installed on the supporting frame, and the cushion plates arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the soil pressure gauge play a role in protection and isolation, so that the influence of sprayed concrete on the soil pressure gauge is effectively avoided; the stress surface of the soil pressure gauge clings to the mortar layer, even if the soil pressure gauge clings to the surface of the rock-soil body to be measured, the measurement precision is improved, the structure is simple, the installation process is fast and convenient, and the device can be suitable for pressure measurement of tunnel surrounding rock-soil bodies of different types of geology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction monitoring equipment, and in particular to a soil pressure gauge fixing device and an installation method for tunnel surrounding rock. Background Art

[0002] Large-section loess tunnels have developed vertical joints, are porous, have loose structures, and have low density. They have high strength when undisturbed, but are prone to collapse and spalling when exposed to water, and are often collapsible. As an important facility connecting traffic in various regions, during the construction of the tunnel, earth pressure gauge sensors can be arranged to monitor the earth pressure between the surrounding rock and the primary lining in real time, and timely grasp the changes in tunnel pressure.

[0003] However, during the construction process, the earth pressure gauge is often installed at a position such as the arch, which is inconvenient to install and has low installation quality. At the same time, after the earth pressure gauge is installed, the position of the earth pressure gauge changes due to the injection pressure during the concrete spraying process, so that its load-bearing surface cannot be close to the measured rock and soil surface, resulting in uneven load on the load-bearing surface, excessive stress concentration, and inaccurate measurement. It may also cause the load-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge to be suspended, making it impossible to accurately measure the earth pressure. During the concrete spraying process, concrete can easily invade the structural gap of the earth pressure gauge itself, affecting the normal operation of the earth pressure gauge. The present invention proposes a new solution to the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome at least one of the above disadvantages, the present invention provides a device and installation method for fixing an earth pressure gauge for tunnel surrounding rock. The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides an earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock, comprising:

[0006] A support frame, the support frame comprising a first frame body and a second frame body connected to each other, the first frame body being sleeved on an outer peripheral side of the second frame body;

[0007] A fixed leveling device, wherein the corner of the first frame is movably connected with the fixed leveling device, and the fixed leveling device can move along the normal direction of the support frame itself, and is used to adjust the installation angle of the support frame;

[0008] A measuring assembly, the measuring assembly comprising a first pad, a mortar layer, an earth pressure gauge and a second pad, the first pad being arranged on a side of the earth pressure gauge close to the rock and soil body to be measured, the second pad being arranged on a side of the earth pressure gauge away from the rock and soil body to be measured, and the mortar layer being arranged on a side of the first pad facing the earth pressure gauge and abutting against a force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge;

[0009] A locking device, wherein the locking device comprises a plurality of locking members arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge, wherein the locking members are movably connected to the second frame and can move along the radial direction of the earth pressure gauge so as to abut against the earth pressure gauge and limit the movement of the earth pressure gauge.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first frame and the second frame are both equilateral triangles with hollow interiors, the second frame and the first frame are located in the same horizontal plane, and a corner of the second frame is connected to an edge of the first frame.

[0011] In one possible implementation manner, a fixing hole is provided at a corner of the first frame along the axial direction of the earth pressure gauge, and the fixing and leveling device comprises:

[0012] A rod body, the rod body is inserted into the fixing hole, and one end of the rod body is used to be connected to the rock and soil body to be measured;

[0013] A spring, wherein the spring is sleeved on the rod body and is located between the support frame and the rock and soil body to be measured;

[0014] A fixing nut is sleeved on the rod body and is located at an end of the support frame away from the rock and soil body to be measured, and the rod body and the fixing nut are threadedly connected.

[0015] In one possible implementation manner, the shapes of the first pad and the second pad are both triangles that match the shape of the second frame, and the end surface of the second pad facing away from the soil pressure gauge is provided with a plurality of protruding rivets.

[0016] In one possible implementation manner, the upper surface of the mortar layer formed after the fluid mortar is cured remains horizontal and is in close contact with the bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge.

[0017] In one embodiment, a groove is provided on the second frame, and an elastic sealing ring is provided in the groove, and the sealing ring is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the first pad to seal the gap between the first pad and the second frame; and / or,

[0018] The soil pressure gauge is connected with a connecting wire, and the first frame and the second frame are both provided with wiring holes for the connecting wire to pass through.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the measuring component further includes an elastic flexible pad, and the flexible pad is located in the inner cavity of the second frame and is arranged on the inner wall of the second frame.

[0020] In one possible implementation manner, a locking hole is provided on the second frame along the radial direction of the earth pressure gauge, and the locking device comprises:

[0021] A locking member, wherein the number of the locking members is at least three and the locking members are arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge, the locking member comprises a rod body, an abutment member and a locking nut, the rod body is passed through the locking hole, the abutment member is arranged at one end of the rod body, and the locking nut is arranged on the rod body;

[0022] An elastic belt is passed through the plurality of abutting members, the elastic belt abuts against the side wall of the soil pressure gauge, an anti-skid groove is provided on the inner wall of the elastic belt, and the anti-skid groove is wavy.

[0023] In one embodiment, a horizontal calibration device is detachably connected to the support frame, and the horizontal calibration device includes:

[0024] A plate, wherein the plate is parallel to the support frame;

[0025] A bubble level, at least two of which are arranged on the plate, and the bubble levels are installed at different angles;

[0026] A limiting column is provided with a slot adapted to the support frame, and a part of the support frame is embedded in the slot to limit the plate.

[0027] A second aspect of the present invention provides an installation method for an earth pressure gauge for tunnel surrounding rock, which is applied to the earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock described in any one of the first aspects, and the installation method comprises:

[0028] Pre-place the support frame on the surface of the rock and soil body to be measured, mark the preset positions of the fixing holes of the support frame, and then remove the support frame;

[0029] Install the fixed leveling device on the geotechnical surface at the marked position, insert one end of the rod into the geotechnical surface and put on the spring, install the sealing ring and the second pad to the support frame, align the fixing hole of the support frame with the rod body, insert it and adjust the fixing nut to make the support frame initially parallel to the geotechnical surface to achieve one-time leveling;

[0030] A flexible pad is installed on the inner side of the support frame, and fluid mortar is applied to the upper surface of the second pad. After the fluid mortar is self-leveled and solidified, a mortar layer is formed to achieve secondary leveling;

[0031] Place the earth pressure gauge on the solidified mortar layer, and make the pressure bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge close to the upper surface of the mortar layer;

[0032] The locking device is rotated to abut against the side wall of the soil pressure gauge and fix the horizontal position of the soil pressure, and the rod passes through the locking hole to make the abutment member close to the side wall of the soil pressure gauge and adjust the locking nut;

[0033] Pass the connecting wire of the earth pressure gauge through the wiring hole and out of the support frame, install the second pad to the side of the earth pressure gauge away from the first pad, and make the second pad close to the non-stress surface of the earth pressure gauge.

[0034] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows: According to the contents disclosed herein, the earth pressure gauge fixing device and installation method for tunnel surrounding rock, the fixing device comprises a support frame, a fixed leveling device, a measuring assembly and a locking device, the support frame is leveled once by the fixed leveling device, and the measuring assembly is installed on the support frame, the measuring assembly comprises pads arranged on the upper and lower sides of the earth pressure gauge to play a role of protection and isolation, and effectively avoid the influence of shotcrete on the earth pressure gauge, and the fluidized mortar is solidified and then leveled for the second time, the load-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge is in close contact with the mortar layer, even if the earth pressure gauge is in close contact with the surface of the rock and soil to be measured, the accuracy of detection is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved, the device has a simple structure, and the installation process is quick and easy, and can be applied to the measurement of tunnel surrounding rock soil pressure of different types of geology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In the accompanying drawings, the following are given by way of example and not limitation:

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure at an angle is shown;

[0037] Figure 2 An exploded view of the overall structure at one angle is shown;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the support frame is shown;

[0039] Figure 4 A structural perspective view of the support frame is shown;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the overall structure from another angle is shown;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the locking device structure at an angle is shown;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the locking device and the earth pressure gauge structure at an angle is shown;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the locking device and the earth pressure gauge structure from another angle is shown;

[0044] Fig. 9 A partial structural schematic diagram of an elastic band is shown;

[0045] Fig.10 A perspective view of the support frame and the horizontal calibration device structure is shown at an angle;

[0046] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the support frame and the horizontal calibration device at another angle is shown;

[0047] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal calibration device at another angle is shown.

[0048] In the figure:

[0049] 1. Support frame; 2. Fixed leveling device; 3. Measuring component; 4. Locking device; 5. Connecting wire; 6. Horizontal calibration device;

[0050] 11. first frame; 12. second frame; 21. rod; 22. spring; 23. fixing nut; 31. first pad; 32. mortar layer; 33. sealing ring; 34. soil pressure gauge; 35. flexible pad; 36. second pad; 41. locking member; 42. elastic band; 61. plate; 62. bubble level; 63. limit column;

[0051] 101, fixing hole; 102, locking hole; 103, wiring hole; 104, slot;

[0052] 411, rod body; 412, abutment member; 413, locking nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In the following detailed disclosure, these embodiments are fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention more clear and specific to those skilled in the art, the implementation methods described below are not limited to this. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0054] In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front” and “back” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0056] The first aspect of the present invention, as Figure 1-12 As shown, a fixing device for an earth pressure gauge 34 for tunnel surrounding rock is provided, comprising a support frame 1, a fixed leveling device 2, a measuring assembly 3 and a locking device 4, wherein the support frame 1 comprises a first frame body 11 and a second frame body 12 connected to each other, wherein the first frame body 11 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the second frame body 12; a fixed leveling device 2 is movably connected to a corner of the first frame body 11, and the fixed leveling device 2 can move along the normal direction of the support frame 1 itself, so as to adjust the installation angle of the support frame 1; the measuring assembly 3 comprises a first pad 31, a mortar layer 32, an earth pressure gauge 34 and a first locking device 4; Two pads 36, the first pad 31 is arranged on the side of the earth pressure gauge 34 close to the rock and soil to be measured, the second pad 36 is arranged on the side of the earth pressure gauge 34 away from the rock and soil to be measured, and the mortar layer 32 is arranged on the side of the first pad 31 facing the earth pressure gauge 34 and abuts against the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34; the locking device 4 includes a plurality of locking members 41 arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge 34, the locking members 41 are movably connected to the second frame 12 and can move along the radial direction of the earth pressure gauge 34, so as to abut against the earth pressure gauge 34 and form a limit for the movement of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0057] The earth pressure gauge 34 fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock includes a support frame 1, a fixed leveling device 2, a measuring component 3 and a locking device 4. The support frame 1 is leveled once by the fixed leveling device 2, and the measuring component 3 is installed on the support frame 1. The measuring component 3 includes pads arranged on the upper and lower sides of the earth pressure gauge 34 to play a protective and isolating role, effectively avoiding the impact of shotcrete on the earth pressure gauge 34. After the fluid mortar is solidified, secondary leveling is performed, and the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34 is tightly attached to the mortar layer 32, even if the earth pressure gauge 34 is tightly attached to the surface of the rock and soil to be measured, the accuracy of the detection is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The device has a simple structure and a quick and easy installation process, and can be applied to the measurement of tunnel surrounding rock soil pressure of different types of geology.

[0058] Among them, the support frame 1 includes a first frame body 11 and a second frame body 12. The first frame body 11 and the second frame body 12 are both triangular frames. The side length of the first frame body 11 is greater than the side length of the second frame body 12. The second frame body 12 is arranged on the inner side of the first frame body 11. The first frame body 11 and the second frame body 12 can be fixed by welding.

[0059] Among them, the fixed leveling device 2 is arranged along the normal direction of the support frame 1 itself, and one end of the fixed leveling device 2 is embedded in the rock and soil to be measured. By adjusting the connection position of the fixed leveling device 2 and the corner of the support frame 1, the position of the support frame 1 can be adjusted to adjust the installation angle of the support frame 1 so that it is flush with the surface of the rock and soil to be measured, thereby achieving the effect of preliminary leveling. At the same time, the fixed leveling device 2 is arranged at the corner of the first frame 11, so that the fixed leveling device 2 and the fixing hole 101 are as far away from the earth pressure gauge 34 as possible, thereby reducing the influence of the installation of the fixed leveling device 2 on the drilling of the rock and soil body on the position of the rock and soil body to be measured, and reducing the influence on the detection accuracy of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0060] Among them, the measuring component 3 is arranged on the inner side of the second frame 12. The inner cavity space of the second frame 12 is smaller, which is more convenient for fixing the earth pressure gauge 34. The upper and lower sides of the earth pressure gauge 34 are provided with pads, so that the earth pressure gauge 34 is in a relatively closed installation environment and isolated from the external environment, so as to avoid the contact of impurities with the earth pressure gauge 34 during the construction process and affect the detection accuracy of the earth pressure gauge 34. Impurities include dust, gravel, concrete, etc., which can effectively avoid the impact and damage to the earth pressure gauge 34 during the initial support of shotcrete, and ensure the measurement accuracy. After the first pad 31 is installed, the flowing mortar is poured on the first pad 31. After the mortar is self-leveled and solidified, a solid mortar layer 32 is formed. At this time, the upper surface of the mortar layer 32 is kept horizontal, and the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure is closely attached to the upper surface of the mortar layer 32, so that the earth pressure gauge 34 is closely attached to the monitored surrounding rock surface, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. Among them, the first pad 31 and the second pad 36 may include steel material. By setting the first pad 31, the mortar layer 32 can be prevented from being subjected to uneven force due to possible damage due to force. The force is transmitted through the bottom first pad 31 to ensure that the soil pressure gauge 34 can work stably and permanently.

[0061] Among them, the locking device 4 includes at least three locking members 41 arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge 34. The locking members 41 are detachably connected to the second frame 12 and abut against the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34. By adjusting the connection position of the locking members 41 and the second frame 12, the horizontal position of the earth pressure gauge 34 is fixed. By adjusting the length of the locking members 41 screwed into the inner cavity of the second frame 12, different models of earth pressure gauges 34 can be used, and the applicability is wider.

[0062] In one possible implementation, Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the first frame 11 and the second frame 12 are both equilateral triangles with hollow interiors. The second frame 12 and the first frame 11 are located in the same horizontal plane, and the corners of the second frame 12 are connected to the sides of the first frame 11 .

[0063] Among them, the first frame 11 and the second frame 12 can be an equilateral triangle. The structure of the equilateral triangle is regular, and the force is more evenly distributed. On the premise that the distance between the fixed leveling device 2 set at the sharp corner of the first frame 11 and the earth pressure gauge 34 is as far as possible, the distance between the fixed leveling device 2 and the earth pressure gauge 34 is the same, thereby reducing the impact on the measurement and accuracy of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0064] The support frame 1 is an inner and outer triangular structure, which has the characteristics of uniform and stable force. The inner triangular structure is used to form a closed environment, and the outer triangular structure is used to connect the inner triangles and install and fix them.

[0065] In one possible implementation, Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a fixing hole 101 is opened at the corner of the first frame 11 along the axial direction of the soil pressure gauge 34, and the fixed leveling device 2 includes a rod body 411, a spring 22 and a fixing nut 23. The rod body 411 is inserted into the fixing hole 101, and one end of the rod body 411 is used to connect with the rock and soil body to be measured. The spring 22 is sleeved on the rod body 411 and is located between the support frame 1 and the rock and soil body to be measured. The fixing nut 23 is sleeved on the rod body 411 and is located at the end of the support frame 1 away from the rock and soil body to be measured, and the rod body 411 and the fixing nut 23 are threadedly connected.

[0066] Among them, first mark the position of the fixing hole 101 corresponding to the rock and soil body, drill a hole at the marked position of the rock and soil body, embed one end of the rod body 411 into the hole of the rock and soil body, put the spring 22 on the rod body 411, and then align the fixing hole 101 of the support frame 1 with the rod body 411 and insert it. The spring 22 is located between the rock and soil body and the support frame 1 to form an elastic support for the support frame 1. The rod body 411 is provided with an external thread. The installation angle of the support frame 1 is adjusted by rotating the fixing nut 23 so that the support frame 1 is close to the surface of the rock and soil body and is basically parallel to the surface of the rock and soil body, so as to achieve one-time leveling and ensure installation accuracy.

[0067] In one possible implementation, Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the shapes of the first pad 31 and the second pad 36 are both triangular and match the shape of the second frame 12 , and the end surface of the second pad 36 facing away from the soil pressure gauge 34 is provided with a plurality of protruding rivets.

[0068] The first pad 31 and the second pad 36 are disposed on the inner side of the second frame 12 and their shapes are adapted to the second frame 12 . The first pad 31 and the second frame 12 can be matched with each other with a small gap.

[0069] Among them, the end face of the second pad 36 facing away from the earth pressure gauge 34 is provided with a plurality of protruding rivets, and the plurality of rivets are evenly arranged on the second pad 36. The second pad 36 with steel rivets can enhance the connectivity with the shotcrete, so that the second pad 36 and the shotcrete form a whole, effectively transfer stress, and improve the measurement accuracy of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0070] Among them, the fixed end of the rivet is fixedly connected to the second pad 36, the rivet can extend along the normal direction of the second pad 36 itself, and the free end of the rivet can be provided with an annular flange, the outer diameter of the annular flange is larger than the outer diameter of the fixed end, and the free end of the rivet can also be a plum blossom, which increases the contact area between the shotcrete and the rivet. After the concrete is solidified, it wraps around the rivet, improves the adhesion between the concrete and the second pad 36, and greatly improves the effective connection between the second pad 36 and the shotcrete.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the upper surface of the mortar layer 32 formed after the fluid mortar is cured remains horizontal and is in close contact with the bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34 .

[0072] The mortar layer 32 is smoothed during on-site construction. The construction range of the mortar layer 32 is the triangular area inside the flexible pad 35. The mortar layer 32 is leveled by self-flowing of the fluid mortar, and a mortar layer 32 with a horizontal upper surface is formed after solidification.

[0073] The use of setting up a mortar layer 32 for leveling can make the earth pressure gauge 34 close to the rock and soil surface, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the earth pressure gauge 34. At the same time, by fixing the leveling device 2 to perform preliminary leveling on the support frame 1, the thickness of the mortar layer 32 can be made more uniform, avoiding the situation where some parts of the mortar layer 32 are too thin and easy to be damaged, thereby improving the uniformity of the overall thickness of the mortar layer 32 and improving the uniform force and service life of the mortar layer 32.

[0074] In one embodiment, a groove 104 is provided on the second frame 12, and an elastic sealing ring 33 is provided in the groove 104. The sealing ring 33 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the first pad 31 to seal the gap between the first pad 31 and the second frame 12; and / or, a connecting line 5 is connected to the soil pressure gauge 34, and a wiring hole 103 for the connecting line 5 to pass through is provided on the first frame 11 and the second frame 12.

[0075] A slot 104 is provided on the inner wall of one end of the second frame 12 facing the rock and soil body to be measured. A sealing ring 33 may be provided in the slot 104. The sealing ring 33 is elastic and may be made of rubber or other materials.

[0076] The thickness of the sealing ring 33 is greater than the depth of the slot 104 , and after the sealing ring 33 is installed in the slot 104 , the bottom of the sealing ring 33 exceeds the bottom of the support frame 1 .

[0077] Furthermore, the thickness of the sealing ring 33 is about 0.5 cm deeper than the groove 104 , and the bottom of the sealing ring 33 after installation protrudes from the support frame 1 by about 0.5 cm.

[0078] The first pad 31 may be connected to the second frame 12 via a sealing ring 33 , and the first pad 31 is embedded in the inner edge of the sealing ring 33 .

[0079] The second pad 36 can also be connected to the second frame 12 via another sealing ring 33 , and the second pad 36 is embedded in the inner edge of the other sealing ring 33 .

[0080] Among them, by opening four wiring holes 103 on the support frame 1, two wiring holes 103 are relatively set on the first frame 11, and two wiring holes 103 are relatively set on the second frame 12, so as to realize the penetration and fixation of the connecting wire 5 and protect the connecting wire 5 joint at the root of the soil pressure gauge 34.

[0081] In one possible implementation, Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the measuring assembly 3 further includes an elastic flexible pad 35 , which is located in the inner cavity of the second frame 12 and is disposed on the inner wall of the second frame 12 .

[0082] Among them, the flexible pad 35 is embedded in the inner side of the second frame 12 and is tightly attached to the inner wall of the second frame 12. The soil pressure gauge 34 is located on the inner side of the flexible pad 35. The flexible pad 35 is a triangle that matches the second frame 12. The upper and lower ends of the flexible pad 35 are flush with the upper and lower ends of the support frame 1.

[0083] Among them, the flexible pad 35 can play an isolation role, provide secondary isolation protection for the possible intrusion of shotcrete, and can flexibly connect the first pad 31, the second pad 36 and the support frame 1 without affecting the transmission of soil pressure, reducing the influence of lateral force on the measurement results, and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0084] The flexible pad 35 is elastic and can be made of materials such as rubber. The thickness of the flexible pad 35 can be about 0.5 cm.

[0085] In one possible implementation, Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, a locking hole 102 is provided on the second frame 12 along the radial direction of the earth pressure gauge 34, and the locking device 4 includes a locking piece 41 and an elastic band 42. The number of the locking pieces 41 is at least three and they are arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge 34. The locking piece 41 includes a rod body 411, an abutment piece 412 and a locking nut 413. The rod body 411 is passed through the locking hole 102, the abutment piece 412 is arranged at one end of the rod body 411, and the locking nut 413 is arranged on the rod body 411; the elastic band 42 is passed through a plurality of abutment pieces 412, the elastic band 42 abuts against the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34, and an anti-slip groove is provided on the inner wall of the elastic band 42, and the anti-slip groove is wavy.

[0086] Among them, the locking member 41 includes a rod body 411, abutment 412 and a locking nut 413. The rod body 411 passes through the locking hole 102 of the second frame body 12. The length of the rod body 411 screwed into the inner cavity of the second frame body 12 is adjusted so that the abutment 412 abuts against the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34. At least three locking members 41 fix the horizontal position of the earth pressure gauge 34 from three directions.

[0087] Among them, the rod body 411 is provided with an external thread, and the locking hole 102 is provided with an internal thread. The rod body 411 and the second frame 12 can be threadedly connected, and the locking nut 413 is fixedly installed at one end of the rod body 411. By rotating the locking nut 413, the rod body 411 is driven to rotate so that the abutment 412 abuts against the soil pressure gauge 34.

[0088] Among them, the rod body 411 is provided with an external thread, and the locking hole 102 is provided with an internal thread. The rod body 411 and the second frame body 12 can be threadedly connected, and the rod body 411 is secondarily fixed by the locking nut 413 on the outside of the second frame body 12 to improve stability.

[0089] The rod body 411 is provided with an external thread, and a locking nut 413 is provided. The locking nut 413 is located in the inner cavity of the second frame body 12 to limit the rod body 411 .

[0090] The rod body 411 is provided with an external thread, and two locking nuts 413 are provided. The locking nuts 413 are located in the inner cavity of the second frame body 12 and the outer side of the second frame body 12 to limit the rod body 411.

[0091] Among them, the abutment 412 and the rod body 411 can be fixedly connected or rotatably connected. When the abutment 412 and the rod body 411 are fixedly connected, the length of the rod body 411 located in the inner cavity of the second frame body 12 can be adjusted by rotating the locking nut 413; when the abutment 412 and the rod body 411 are rotatably connected, the length of the rod body 411 located in the inner cavity of the second frame body 12 can be adjusted by rotating the locking nut 413 or rotating the rod body 411, so as to achieve a degree of close fit between the abutment 412 and the side wall of the soil pressure gauge 34.

[0092] Among them, Figure 6-Figure 8 As shown, the abutment 412 can be made of elastic rubber material, and the side of the abutment 412 used to abut against the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34 can be a flat surface or a concave arc surface. The concave arc surface increases the contact area and friction with the earth pressure gauge 34, improves the stability between the abutment 412 and the earth pressure gauge 34, improves the stability of the position of the earth pressure gauge 34, avoids hard connection with the earth pressure gauge 34, and reduces the influence of lateral force on the measurement.

[0093] Among them, a through groove can also be opened on the abutment 412, and the annular elastic band 42 passes through the through grooves of several abutment members 412 at a time. The elastic band 42 can be mounted on the earth pressure gauge 34 and tightly attached to its side wall, which greatly improves the contact area with the earth pressure gauge 34 and avoids the earth pressure gauge 34 being abutted only by the abutment 412, which may cause looseness due to long-term use. The number of elastic members can be one or more, and is specifically designed according to the thickness of the earth pressure gauge 34, which greatly improves the lateral position stability of the earth pressure gauge 34 and reduces the influence of lateral force on the measurement accuracy.

[0094] Among them, when the elastic band 42 is not under force, the circumference is smaller than the circumference of the earth pressure gauge 34. The elastic band 42 can be suitable for different types of earth pressure gauges 34. When the elastic band 42 is stretched and deformed, it can be sleeved on the outer side of the earth pressure gauge 34 and tightly attached to the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0095] Among them, Fig. 9 As shown, an anti-skid groove is opened on the inner wall of the elastic band 42. After the elastic band 42 is stretched, it is put on the soil pressure gauge 34. The elastic band 42 is tightened in the direction of the anti-skid groove due to the elastic action, forming elastic forces in different directions on both sides of the anti-skid groove to squeeze the soil pressure gauge 34, which can further increase the friction between the elastic band 42 and the soil pressure gauge 34, prevent the elastic band 42 from falling off the soil pressure gauge 34, and increase the service life of the elastic band 42.

[0096] Among them, Fig. 9 As shown, the anti-skid groove is wavy, which can form extrusion forces in different directions, horizontally and longitudinally, to fix the position of the soil pressure gauge 34, and further improve the stability of the structure.

[0097] In one possible implementation, Figure 10-12 As shown, a horizontal calibration device 6 is detachably connected to the support frame 1, and the horizontal calibration device 6 includes a plate 61, a bubble level 62 and a limit column 63. The plate 61 is parallel to the support frame 1, and at least two bubble levels 62 are arranged on the plate 61. The installation angles of the bubble levels 62 are different. A slot compatible with the support frame 1 is opened on the limit column 63, and a part of the support frame 1 is embedded in the slot to limit the plate 61.

[0098] Among them, by detachably connecting the horizontal calibration device 6 to the support frame 1, the support frame 1 is assisted in leveling, the error of leveling by naked eyes is reduced, and the thickness uniformity of the subsequent mortar layer 32 is further improved.

[0099] Among them, a slot corresponding to the support frame 1 is provided on the plate 61, and the limit column 63 is placed aligned with the support column so that part of the support frame 1 is embedded in the slot. At this time, the plate 61 is tightly attached to the support frame 1 and keeps it level. According to the bubble level 62 in two different directions, the height of the corner of the support frame 1 is adjusted by fixing the leveling device 2, which greatly improves the leveling accuracy.

[0100] Two bubble levels 62 are provided on the upper surface of the plate 61 , and the installation angle of the two bubble levels 62 is approximately 90°.

[0101] Among them, three bubble levels 62 are provided on the upper surface of the plate 61, the angle between the three bubble levels 62 is 60°, and they are arranged along two adjacent corners, that is, the two ends of the bubble level 62 correspond to two adjacent fixed leveling devices 2 respectively, which is convenient for adjusting the fixed leveling device 2 with reference to the bubble level 62.

[0102] The second aspect of the present invention, as Figure 1-Figure 12 As shown, a method for installing a soil pressure gauge 34 for tunnel surrounding rock is provided, which is applied to a fixing device for a soil pressure gauge 34 for tunnel surrounding rock of any one of the first aspects, and the installation method comprises: pre-placing a support frame 1 on the surface of the rock and soil body to be measured, marking the preset position of the fixing hole 101 of the support frame 1 and then removing the support frame 1; installing a fixed leveling device 2 on the surface of the rock and soil body at the marked position, embedding one end of the rod body 411 into the surface of the rock and soil body and putting on the spring 22, installing the sealing ring 33 and the second pad 36 to the support frame 1, aligning the fixing hole 101 of the support frame 1 with the rod body 411 and inserting it, and then adjusting the fixing nut 23 to make the support frame 1 initially parallel to the rock and soil body surface to achieve one-time leveling; installing a flexible pad 35 on the inner side of the support frame 1, Apply fluid mortar to the upper surface of the second pad 36, and the fluid mortar will self-level and solidify to form a mortar layer 32 to achieve secondary leveling; place the earth pressure gauge 34 on the solidified mortar layer 32, and make the load-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34 close to the upper surface of the mortar layer 32; by rotating the locking device 4 to abut against the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34 and fix the horizontal position of the earth pressure, the rod 21 passes through the locking hole 102 to make the abutment 412 close to the side wall of the earth pressure gauge 34 and adjust the locking nut 413; pass the connecting line 5 of the earth pressure gauge 34 through the wiring hole 103 to pass through the support frame 1, and install the second pad 36 to the side of the earth pressure gauge 34 away from the first pad 31, and make the second pad 36 close to the non-load-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34.

[0103] During specific implementation, the specific steps of the installation method are as follows:

[0104] S1: Pre-place the support frame 1 on the surface of the rock and soil body where the soil pressure needs to be monitored and adjust the position so that the wiring hole 103 can be easily connected to other soil pressure gauges 34 on the same section. After determining the installation orientation of the support frame 1, mark the positions of the three vertical positioning holes on the surface of the rock and soil body;

[0105] S2: Install the rod 21 in the fixed leveling device 2 on the geotechnical surface at the marked position of the positioning hole, insert the spring 22 on the rod 21, install the sealing ring 33 at the slot 104 at the bottom of the support frame 1, then align the positioning hole of the support frame 1 with the rod 21 and insert it, finally install the fixing nut 23, install the horizontal calibration device 6 on the support frame 1, adjust the fixing nut 23 according to the bubble level 62 so that the support frame 1 is basically parallel to the geotechnical surface, and then remove the horizontal calibration device 6. This process is the first rough leveling;

[0106] S3: Install the flexible pad 35 on the inner side of the inner triangle of the support frame 1 so that its upper and lower parts are flush with the upper and lower parts of the support frame 1;

[0107] S4: Apply mortar layer 32 to the bottom of the inner triangle of the flexible pad 35. This process is the second fine leveling.

[0108] S5: After the mortar hardens, mark the center position and place the earth pressure gauge 34 so that the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge 34 is in close contact with the surface of the mortar layer 32. Pass the three locking devices 4 through the transverse positioning holes to press the top abutment 412 against the side of the earth pressure gauge 34. The elastic band 42 clamps the side of the earth pressure gauge 34 to fix the position of the earth pressure gauge 34. Pass the connecting wire 5 of the earth pressure gauge 34 through the wiring hole 103 to the support frame 1, so as to facilitate connection with other series earth pressure gauges 34.

[0109] S6: Install the second pad 36 on the top of the inner triangle of the support frame 1 so that the bottom of the second pad 36 is in close contact with the soil pressure gauge 34 and the top is flush with the top of the support frame 1, thereby completing the installation and fixation of the soil pressure gauge 34.

[0110] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0111] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0112] In view of the above detailed description, these and other changes can be made to these embodiments, and this written description includes the best mode embodiments to disclose the present invention. The scope of the patent obtained by the present invention is defined by the claims, which are not limited by the present disclosure, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field within the scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and its conception of the present invention, is equivalent to or changes, and all are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that: include: A support frame (1), the support frame (1) comprising a first frame body (11) and a second frame body (12) connected to each other, the first frame body (11) being sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the second frame body (12); A fixed leveling device (2), wherein the corner of the first frame (11) is movably connected to the fixed leveling device (2), and the fixed leveling device (2) can move along the normal direction of the support frame (1) to adjust the installation angle of the support frame (1); A measuring assembly (3), the measuring assembly (3) comprising a first pad (31), a mortar layer (32), an earth pressure gauge (34) and a second pad (36), the first pad (31) being arranged on a side of the earth pressure gauge (34) close to the rock and soil body to be measured, the second pad (36) being arranged on a side of the earth pressure gauge (34) away from the rock and soil body to be measured, and the mortar layer (32) being arranged on a side of the first pad (31) facing the earth pressure gauge (34) and abutting against a force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge (34); A locking device (4), the locking device (4) comprising a plurality of locking members (41) arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge (34), the locking members (41) being movably connected to the second frame (12) and being able to move along the radial direction of the earth pressure gauge (34) so ​​as to abut against the earth pressure gauge (34) and limit the movement of the earth pressure gauge (34).

2. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first frame (11) and the second frame (12) are both equilateral triangles with hollow interiors; the second frame (12) and the first frame (11) are located in the same horizontal plane, and the corners of the second frame (12) are connected to the sides of the first frame (11).

3. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A fixing hole (101) is provided at a corner of the first frame (11) along the axial direction of the soil pressure gauge (34), and the fixing and leveling device (2) comprises: A rod body (411), wherein the rod body (411) is inserted into the fixing hole (101), and one end of the rod body (411) is used to be connected to the rock and soil body to be measured; A spring (22), wherein the spring (22) is sleeved on the rod body (411) and is located between the support frame (1) and the rock and soil body to be measured; A fixing nut (23), wherein the fixing nut (23) is sleeved on the rod body (411) and is located at an end of the support frame (1) away from the rock and soil body to be measured, and the rod body (411) and the fixing nut (23) are threadedly connected.

4. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shapes of the first pad (31) and the second pad (36) are both triangular, matching the shape of the second frame (12); the end surface of the second pad (36) facing away from the soil pressure gauge (34) is provided with a plurality of protruding rivets.

5. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the mortar layer (32) formed after the fluid mortar solidifies remains horizontal and is in close contact with the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge (34).

6. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The second frame (12) is provided with a groove (104), and an elastic sealing ring (33) is provided in the groove (104). The sealing ring (33) is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the first pad (31) and is used to seal the gap between the first pad (31) and the second frame (12); and / or, The soil pressure gauge (34) is connected to a connecting wire (5), and both the first frame (11) and the second frame (12) are provided with wiring holes (103) for the connecting wire (5) to pass through.

7. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The measuring component (3) further comprises an elastic flexible pad (35), wherein the flexible pad (35) is located in the inner cavity of the second frame (12) and is arranged on the inner wall of the second frame (12).

8. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second frame (12) is provided with a locking hole (102) along the radial direction of the soil pressure gauge (34), and the locking device (4) comprises: A locking member (41), wherein the number of the locking members (41) is at least three and the locking members (41) are arranged along the circumference of the earth pressure gauge (34), the locking member (41) comprises a rod body (411), an abutment member (412) and a locking nut (413), the rod body (411) is passed through the locking hole (102), the abutment member (412) is arranged at one end of the rod body (411), and the locking nut (413) is arranged on the rod body (411); An elastic band (42), the elastic band (42) is passed through the plurality of abutment members (412), the elastic band (42) abuts against the side wall of the soil pressure gauge (34), an anti-skid groove is provided on the inner wall of the elastic band (42), and the anti-skid groove is wavy.

9. The earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (1) is detachably connected to a horizontal calibration device (6), wherein the horizontal calibration device (6) comprises: A plate (61), wherein the plate (61) is parallel to the support frame (1); A bubble level (62), at least two of the bubble levels (62) are arranged on the plate (61), and the bubble levels (62) are installed at different angles; A limiting column (63) is provided with a slot adapted to the support frame (1), and a portion of the support frame (1) is embedded in the slot to limit the plate (61).

10. A method for installing an earth pressure gauge (34) for tunnel surrounding rock, characterized in that: Applicable to the earth pressure gauge fixing device for tunnel surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the installation method comprises: Pre-placing the support frame (1) on the surface of the rock and soil body to be measured, marking the preset position of the fixing hole (101) of the support frame (1), and then removing the support frame (1); A fixed leveling device (2) is installed on the geotechnical surface at the marked position, one end of the rod body (411) is embedded in the geotechnical surface and a spring (22) is installed, a sealing ring (33) and a second pad (36) are installed on the support frame (1), and then the fixing hole (101) of the support frame (1) is aligned with the rod body (411) and inserted into the support frame (1), and then the fixing nut (23) is adjusted to make the support frame (1) initially parallel to the geotechnical surface to achieve a first leveling; A flexible pad (35) is installed on the inner side of the support frame (1), and a fluid mortar is applied to the upper surface of the second pad (36). The fluid mortar is self-leveled and solidified to form a mortar layer (32) to achieve secondary leveling; Placing the earth pressure gauge (34) on the solidified mortar layer (32), and making the force-bearing surface of the earth pressure gauge (34) closely contact with the upper surface of the mortar layer (32); The locking device (4) is rotated to abut against the side wall of the soil pressure gauge (34) and fix the horizontal position of the soil pressure, the rod (21) passes through the locking hole (102) to make the abutment member (412) closely abut against the side wall of the soil pressure gauge (34) and adjust the locking nut (413); The connecting wire (5) of the soil pressure gauge (34) is passed through the wiring hole (103) and out of the support frame (1), and the second pad (36) is installed on the side of the soil pressure gauge (34) away from the first pad (31), and the second pad (36) is closely attached to the non-stress-bearing surface of the soil pressure gauge (34).

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