Real-time monitoring device and method for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of damage test equipment, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device and method for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings, wherein the real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings comprises a base, a shearing mechanism, a driving mechanism and a clamping mechanism symmetrically slidably arranged on the base, the two clamping mechanisms are used to clamp rock samples, the shearing mechanism is arranged between the two clamping mechanisms and is used to shear the rock samples, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the two clamping mechanisms to move closer to or away from each other; it also comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system, an ultrasonic detection system and a monitoring system, the acoustic emission monitoring system, the ultrasonic detection system and the monitoring system are used to monitor the state of the rock samples; one purpose is to solve the problem that the existing monitoring device cannot monitor the behavior of the rock sample under a complex stress state in real time; the second purpose is to propose a real-time monitoring method for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of damage test equipment, and in particular to a real-time monitoring device and method for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rock mechanics research, the stability analysis of surrounding rock is a key link to ensure engineering safety. The damage evolution of rock (body) is a complex process, which is not only affected by the inherent mechanical properties of the rock, but also significantly affected by external environmental factors; traditional experimental methods, such as uniaxial compression test, Hopkinson bar impact test and shear test, have played an important role in revealing the basic physical and mechanical properties of rocks, but they still have limitations in simulating and evaluating the stability of rocks in real environments. Especially in natural environments, wind erosion is an external force factor that cannot be ignored when rocks are exposed to the outdoors for a long time. The effect of wind is not limited to simple wind impact, but also includes temperature fluctuations, humidity changes and erosion of the rock surface by particulate matter caused by wind. These combined effects can accelerate the weathering process of rocks, change their surface morphology and internal structure, and thus affect the overall mechanical properties and stability of rocks.

[0003] For example, the invention patent with Chinese patent publication number CN201610640170.5 realizes shear test by applying normal pressure and then loading shear displacement. Although it has made some progress in simulating the shear behavior of rocks under specific conditions, it only considers the shear effect in a single direction during the test, and cannot fully reflect the behavior of rocks under complex stress states, such as the cumulative effect of weathering / airflow on rock damage in nature. Therefore, when evaluating the long-term stability and durability of rocks in actual engineering environments, the predictive ability of existing technologies is limited. Summary of the invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, so as to solve the problem that the existing monitoring devices are unable to monitor the behavior of rock samples under complex stress states in real time; the second purpose is to propose a real-time monitoring method for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings comprises a base, a shearing mechanism, a driving mechanism and a clamping mechanism symmetrically slidably arranged on the base, wherein the two clamping mechanisms are used to clamp the rock sample, the shearing mechanism is arranged between the two clamping mechanisms and is used to shear the rock sample, and the driving mechanism is used to drive the two clamping mechanisms to move closer to or farther from each other;

[0007] The clamping mechanism comprises a cylinder, a cylinder ring and a clamping unit, wherein the cylinder ring is fixedly connected to the clamping unit, extends into the cylinder and is rotatably connected to the cylinder; spiral blades are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the cylinder ring, and when high-pressure gas is introduced into the cylinder, the cylinder ring rotates to drive the clamping unit to rotate;

[0008] It also includes an acoustic emission monitoring system, an ultrasonic detection system and a monitoring system, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring system, the ultrasonic detection system and the monitoring system are used to monitor the state of the rock sample.

[0009] Furthermore, the cylinder body comprises a cylinder shell, an air port shell and a turbofan, the cylinder shell is fixed to the air port shell, and the turbofan is rotatably connected in the air port shell;

[0010] A connecting shaft is connected to the central axis of the turbofan, and the connecting shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to the cylinder ring.

[0011] Further, the clamping unit comprises a mounting plate, a first motor, a driving ring rotatably connected to the mounting plate, and at least two clamping blocks, wherein the clamping blocks are arranged opposite to each other in pairs and are slidably mounted on the mounting plate;

[0012] The first motor is fixedly arranged inside the cylinder ring, and the output shaft of the first motor passes through the mounting plate and is coaxially connected to the driving ring;

[0013] The driving ring is provided with a plurality of arc grooves, and each of the clamping blocks is provided with a driving column, and the driving column is adapted to the arc grooves; when the driving ring rotates, the clamping blocks can be driven to move closer to or farther from each other.

[0014] Furthermore, the driving ring is provided with a blowing disk, and the blowing disk is provided with a plurality of blowing holes;

[0015] A first air flow channel is formed between the cylinder ring and the cylinder shell;

[0016] The mounting plate is provided with a second air flow channel, the driving ring is provided with a third air flow channel, the air blowing disc is provided with a fourth air flow channel, and the fourth air flow channel is connected to each of the air blowing holes;

[0017] The first air flow channel is in communication with the second air flow channel, the third air flow channel, and the fourth air flow channel.

[0018] Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a second motor fixed on the base, a double-headed screw is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the second motor, the double-headed screw comprises a first thread segment and a second thread segment, and the first thread segment and the second thread segment have opposite rotation directions;

[0019] One of the clamping mechanisms is threadedly connected to the first threaded section of the double-headed screw, and the other clamping mechanism is threadedly connected to the second threaded section of the double-headed screw. The second motor can drive the two clamping mechanisms to move closer to or farther from each other.

[0020] Furthermore, the shear mechanism comprises an upper shear seat, a lower shear seat and a first power unit, and the upper shear seat and the lower shear seat are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample;

[0021] The first power unit comprises an upper driving member and a lower driving member, the upper driving member comprises a pillar symmetrically fixed on the base and a fixed plate fixed on the pillar, a sliding plate is sleeved on the pillar, and a first cylinder is arranged between the fixed plate and the sliding plate; an arc seat is arranged below the sliding plate, a third motor is arranged on the arc seat, a flexible screw is rotatably connected in the arc seat, an output shaft of the third motor is connected to the flexible screw, a slider is threadedly connected on the flexible screw, a force guide column is connected to the slider, a gear is rotatably connected to the force guide column, an arc gear plate is fixedly connected to the upper shear seat, and the gear is meshed with the arc gear plate;

[0022] The lower driving member is two limit blocks, and the two limit blocks are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower shear seat for fixing the lower shear seat.

[0023] Furthermore, the shear mechanism comprises an upper shear seat, a lower shear seat and a second power unit, and the upper shear seat and the lower shear seat are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample;

[0024] The second power unit includes a first column and a second column, the first column is provided with a second cylinder, the second column is provided with a third cylinder, the piston end of the second cylinder is connected to the upper shear seat, and the piston end of the third cylinder is connected to the lower shear seat.

[0025] Furthermore, a plurality of air ports and air storage cavities are provided on the upper shear seat and the lower shear seat, and each of the air ports and the air storage cavities are interconnected. An air pipe is connected to the second air flow channel, and the air pipe is communicated with the air storage cavity. A knob switch is provided on the air pipe.

[0026] Furthermore, the acoustic emission monitoring system includes a plurality of coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes and acoustic emission receiving transducers, the coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes are respectively installed on both sides of the rock sample, each of the coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes is connected to the acoustic emission receiving transducer, and the acoustic emission receiving transducer is connected to a control host;

[0027] The ultrasonic detection system comprises a coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe and a coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe, the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample, and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe are connected to an ultrasonic detector;

[0028] The monitoring system comprises a DIC fill light and a DIC camera, and the DIC camera is connected to a control host.

[0029] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a real-time monitoring method for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, using the aforementioned real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1: Device preparation and clamping: stabilize the device, open the clamping mechanism, put in the rock sample, start the first motor, clamp the sample with the clamping block through the drive ring and the drive column, adjust the high-pressure gas parameters, ensure that the cylinder ring extends into the cylinder part and is rotatably connected to the cylinder part;

[0031] S2: High-pressure gas introduction and rotation: High-pressure gas is introduced to generate a rotational torque, causing the cylinder ring and rock sample to rotate. High-pressure gas is also used to simulate complex stress states and ventilate and cool the motor;

[0032] S3: Shear mechanism start-up and simulation: Select a suitable shear mechanism to make the upper shear seat and the lower shear seat move relative to each other to simulate the shear force, and at the same time fill the tiny gaps of the rock sample with gas to simulate wind erosion.

[0033] S4: The coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes are arranged on both sides of the rock sample to be tested, so that the acoustic emission monitoring system can obtain the three-dimensional positioning of the rock damage and fracture source and the fracture damage information; when the rock sample is ultrasonically monitored, the real-time wave velocity data of the rock damage process is obtained according to the monitoring data of the ultrasonic detector; the real-time deformation data of the rock sample damage process is obtained according to the rock deformation data monitored by the monitoring system, and a rock deformation point cloud map is generated.

[0034] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0035] 1. The present invention integrates an acoustic emission monitoring system, an ultrasonic detection system and a monitoring system to monitor the state of rock samples in real time. The acoustic emission monitoring system can capture the acoustic emission signal of crack propagation inside the rock, the ultrasonic detection system can monitor the changes in acoustic parameters after the ultrasonic wave penetrates the rock, and the monitoring system uses digital imaging technology to capture the rock destruction process and generate a point cloud map of the destruction process. These multifunctional monitoring means work together to comprehensively and intuitively analyze the deformation and destruction process of the rock, providing researchers with rich experimental data and in-depth analysis means.

[0036] 2. The clamping mechanism not only clamps the rock sample, but also uses high-pressure airflow to provide a certain rotational torque during the test, simulating the complex stress state of the rock in the natural environment. At the same time, after the high-pressure gas enters the cylinder, it flows out through the clamping unit and acts on the end of the rock sample, forming high-pressure and low-pressure areas on the rock sample, which can simulate the stress of the rock under the real stress state. When the high-pressure gas acts on the rock sample, this pressure difference will promote the expansion and penetration of cracks on the surface or inside of the rock sample, thereby accelerating the damage process of the rock test. This simulation helps to more accurately evaluate the mechanical properties and damage evolution mechanism of the rock, and provide a more reliable basis for engineering design and geological disaster prediction.

[0037] 3. The present invention arranges a blowing disk on the driving ring, and a plurality of blowing holes are evenly distributed on the blowing disk. The design of these blowing holes can accurately apply high-pressure gas to the end of the rock sample to simulate the stress state of the rock sample in the process of wind erosion under natural environment. A first air flow channel is formed between the cylinder ring and the cylinder shell; then, the high-pressure gas passes through the second air flow channel opened on the mounting plate and the third air flow channel opened on the driving ring, and finally flows into the fourth air flow channel in the blowing disk. The fourth air flow channel is connected with each blowing hole to ensure that the high-pressure gas can be evenly ejected from the blowing holes, forming a high-pressure area at the end of the rock sample, thereby producing scouring and erosion effects on the rock. This scouring effect simulates the destructive effect of wind erosion on rock in natural environment, can accelerate the weathering process of the rock, and change its surface morphology and internal structure.

[0038] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection couplings of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation of a shear mechanism in the rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection couplings of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front view of the diagram;

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of AA structure;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection couplings of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the split structure;

[0046] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a local structure;

[0047] Fig. 9 for Figure 6 Another partial structural schematic diagram of ;

[0048] Fig.10 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the half-section structure;

[0049] Fig.11 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the shear structure of the first power unit of the rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.12 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the shear structure of the second power unit of the rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.13 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection couplings of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.14 The present invention is a real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of part C;

[0053] Fig.15 The present invention is a real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings. Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B.

[0054] Among them, the base 1, the shearing mechanism 2, the upper shearing seat 21, the lower shearing seat 22, the air port 222, the air storage chamber 221, the air pipe 223, the knob switch 224, the first power unit 23, the upper driving member 231, the pillar 2311, the fixed plate 2312, the sliding plate 2313, the first cylinder 2314, the arc seat 2315, the third motor 2316, the flexible screw 2317, the guide column 2318, the gear 2319, the lower driving member 232, the limit block 2321, the second power unit 24, the first column 241, the second column 242, the second cylinder 243, the third cylinder 244, the driving mechanism 3, the second motor 31, the double-headed screw 32, the clamping mechanism 4, the cylinder Part 41, cylinder shell 411, air port shell 412, turbofan 413, connecting shaft 414, cylinder ring 42, spiral blade 421, clamping unit 43, mounting plate 431, first motor 432, drive ring 433, arc groove 4331, clamping block 434, drive column 4341, blowing disk 435, blowing hole 4351, first air flow channel 436, second air flow channel 437, third air flow channel 438, fourth air flow channel 439, acoustic emission monitoring system 5, coupled surface contact type acoustic emission probe 51, ultrasonic detection system 6, coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe 61, coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe 62, fill light 72, camera 71, rock sample 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed at will, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0057] This embodiment proposes a real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection couplings, such as Figures 1 to 15As shown, it comprises a base 1, a shearing mechanism 2, a driving mechanism 3 and a clamping mechanism 4 symmetrically slidably arranged on the base 1, the number of the clamping mechanisms 4 is two, and the two clamping mechanisms 4 are used to clamp the rock sample 8; the shearing mechanism 2 is arranged between the two clamping mechanisms 4, and is used to shear the rock sample 8, and the driving mechanism 3 is used to drive the two clamping mechanisms 4 to move closer to or away from each other;

[0058] The clamping mechanism 4 includes a barrel 41, a barrel ring 42 and a clamping unit 43. The barrel ring 42 is fixedly connected to the clamping unit 43, and the barrel ring 42 extends into the barrel 41 and is rotatably connected to the barrel 41. The outer circumference of the barrel ring 42 is evenly distributed with spiral blades 421. When high-pressure gas is continuously introduced into the barrel 41, the barrel ring 42 rotates and can drive the clamping unit 43 to twist. When high-pressure gas is introduced into the barrel 41, the high-pressure gas acts on the spiral blades 421, generating a rotational torque to rotate the barrel ring 42. Since the barrel ring 42 is fixedly connected to the clamping unit 43, the rotation of the barrel ring 42 will drive the clamping unit 43 to rotate. The clamping mechanism 4 not only achieves the clamping of the rock sample 8, but also can provide a certain rotational torque during the test to simulate the complex stress state of the rock in the natural environment. At the same time, after the high-pressure gas enters the cylinder part 41, it flows out through the clamping unit 43 and acts on the end of the rock sample 8, forming high-pressure areas and low-pressure areas on the rock sample 8, which can simulate the stress conditions of the rock under the real stress state. When the high-pressure gas acts on the rock sample 8, the pressure difference will promote the expansion and penetration of cracks on the surface or inside of the rock sample 8, thereby accelerating the damage process of the rock sample 8. This simulation helps to more accurately evaluate the mechanical properties and damage evolution mechanism of the rock, and provide a more reliable basis for engineering design and geological disaster prediction.

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, Fig.10 and Fig.13 As shown, the cylinder body 41 includes a cylinder shell 411, an air port shell 412 and a turbofan 413. The cylinder shell 411 is fixed to the air port shell 412, and the turbofan 413 is rotatably connected in the air port shell 412.

[0060] A connecting shaft 414 is connected to the central axis of the turbofan 413, and the connecting shaft 414 is coaxially fixedly connected to the tube ring 42. According to the above technical solution, the air inlet shell 412 is connected to the external high-pressure air pipe, and the high-pressure air pipe is connected to the external pressurizing equipment. The high-pressure gas enters from the air inlet shell 412 through the high-pressure air pipe, impacting the turbofan 413 to make it rotate. The connecting shaft 414 is connected to the central axis of the turbofan 413, and the connecting shaft 414 is coaxially fixedly connected to the tube ring 42. Therefore, when the turbofan 413 rotates, the connecting shaft 414 will drive the tube ring 42 to rotate together. As the tube ring 42 rotates, the clamping unit 43 fixed thereto also rotates. In this embodiment, the rotation directions of the two clamping units 43 are preset to be opposite. When high-pressure gas is introduced, the two clamping units 43 have a tendency to twist the rock sample 8. At the same time, the high-pressure gas flows out through the clamping unit 43 and acts on the end of the rock sample 8 to form a high-pressure area and a low-pressure area, simulating the stress condition of the rock sample 8 under a real stress state. In addition, the rotation speed of the turbofan 413 and the generated rotational torque can be controlled by adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure gas, which enables the device to simulate the damage process of the rock sample 8 under different stress states, providing more accurate experimental data for engineering design and geological disaster prediction.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, Figures 6 to 10 As shown, the clamping unit 43 includes a mounting plate 431, a first motor 432, a driving ring 433 rotatably connected to the mounting plate 431, and at least two clamping blocks 434, and the clamping blocks 434 are arranged opposite to each other in pairs and slidably mounted on the mounting plate 431; in the present embodiment, the number of the clamping blocks 434 is preferably four, which are slidably connected to the mounting plate 431 respectively; the first motor 432 is fixedly arranged inside the cylinder ring 42, and the output shaft of the first motor 432 passes through the mounting plate 431 and is coaxially connected to the driving ring 433; the cylinder ring 42 is also provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, when high-pressure gas can enter the cylinder ring 42 through the air inlet, it takes away the heat generated by the first motor 432 when it is working, and then is discharged from the air outlet, so as to realize the ventilation and cooling effect of the first motor 432.

[0062] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9As shown, a plurality of arc grooves 4331 are formed on the driving ring 433, and each clamping block 434 is provided with a driving column 4341, which is matched with the arc groove 4331; when the driving ring 433 rotates, it can drive each clamping block 434 to move closer to or away from each other. When the first motor 432 is started, its output shaft begins to rotate, driving the driving ring 433 to rotate synchronously. Since the arc groove 4331 on the driving ring 433 is adapted to the driving column 4341 on the clamping block 434, as the driving ring 433 rotates, the driving column 4341 will slide in the arc groove 4331. Under the action of the driving column 4341 and the arc groove 4331, the clamping block 434 begins to slide along the mounting plate 431. When the driving ring 433 rotates to a certain position, the clamping blocks 434 will approach each other and clamp the rock sample 8. If the rock sample 8 needs to be released, it is only necessary to change the rotation direction of the first motor 432. As the rotation direction of the driving ring 433 changes, the clamping blocks 434 will move away from each other under the action of the driving column 4341 and the arc groove 4331, thereby releasing the rock sample 8.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the driving ring 433 is provided with a blowing plate 435, and the blowing plate 435 is provided with a plurality of blowing holes 4351; Fig.10 and Fig.15As shown, a first air flow channel 436 is formed between the cylinder ring 42 and the cylinder shell 411; a second air flow channel 437 is opened on the mounting plate 431, a third air flow channel 438 is opened on the driving ring 433, and a fourth air flow channel 439 is opened on the blowing disk 435, and the fourth air flow channel 439 is connected to each blowing hole 4351; the first air flow channel 436 is connected to the second air flow channel 437, the third air flow channel 438 and the fourth air flow channel 439. In this embodiment, a blowing plate 435 is arranged on the driving ring 433, and a plurality of blowing holes 4351 are evenly distributed on the blowing plate 435. The design of these blowing holes 4351 is to accurately apply high-pressure gas to the end of the rock sample 8 to simulate the stress state of the rock sample 8 during wind erosion in a natural environment. A first air flow channel 436 is formed between the cylinder ring 42 and the cylinder shell 411, which is the main path for the high-pressure gas to enter the device; then, the high-pressure gas passes through the second air flow channel 437 opened on the mounting plate 431 and the third air flow channel 438 opened on the driving ring 433, and finally flows into the blowing plate The fourth air flow channel 439 in 435 is connected with each blowing hole 4351 to ensure that the high-pressure gas can be uniformly ejected from the blowing hole 4351, forming a high-pressure area at the end of the rock sample 8, thereby producing a scouring and erosion effect on the rock. This scouring effect simulates the destructive effect of wind erosion on the rock in the natural environment, which can accelerate the weathering process of the rock and change its surface morphology and internal structure; by adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure gas, the effect of different wind speeds and wind pressures on the rock sample 8 can be simulated, so as to more accurately evaluate the mechanical properties and damage evolution mechanism of the rock. During the test, the acoustic emission monitoring system 5, the ultrasonic detection system 6 and the monitoring system monitor the state of the rock sample 8 in real time, and capture the acoustic emission signal of the crack extension inside the rock sample 8, the change of acoustic parameters after the ultrasonic wave penetrates the rock, and the morphological change of the rock surface. In addition to simulating the wind erosion effect, the device also drives the clamping unit 43 to twist by introducing high-pressure gas, providing a certain rotational torque for the test process. This twisting action can simulate the complex stress state of rock in the natural environment, such as the rotational torque caused by wind. The addition of the rotational torque makes the rock sample 8 not only subject to the scouring effect of wind erosion during the test, but also to the combined effect of the torsional torque, thereby more realistically reflecting the stress state of rock in the natural environment.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 3As shown, the driving mechanism 3 includes a second motor 31 fixed on the base 1, and a double-headed screw 32 is coaxially connected to the output shaft of the second motor 31. The double-headed screw 32 includes a first thread segment and a second thread segment, and the first thread segment and the second thread segment have opposite rotation directions; wherein the clamping mechanism 4 on the left is threadedly connected to the first thread segment of the double-headed screw 32, and the clamping mechanism 4 on the right is threadedly connected to the second thread segment of the double-headed screw 32, and the second motor 31 can drive the two clamping mechanisms 4 to move closer to or away from each other. According to the above technical solution, when the second motor 31 is started and drives the double-headed screw 32 to rotate, one clamping mechanism 4 will move in one direction along the first thread segment, and the other clamping mechanism 4 will move in the opposite direction along the second thread segment. In this way, the two clamping mechanisms 4 will gradually approach each other until the rock sample 8 is tightly squeezed; in the process of the clamping mechanisms 4 approaching each other, they will apply gradually increasing pressure to the rock sample 8, thereby simulating the stress state of the rock sample 8 under load conditions, which not only helps scientific researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of the stress conditions of rocks in natural environments or engineering applications, but also provides a more reliable basis for engineering design and geological disaster prediction.

[0065] In one embodiment, if Fig.11As shown, the shearing mechanism 2 includes an upper shearing seat 21, a lower shearing seat 22 and a first power unit 23, the upper shearing seat 21 and the lower shearing seat 22 are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample 8; the first power unit 23 includes an upper driving member 231 and a lower driving member 232, the upper driving member 231 includes a pillar 2311 symmetrically fixed on the base 1 and a fixed plate 2312 fixed on the pillar 2311, a sliding plate 2313 is sleeved on the pillar 2311, a first cylinder 2314 is provided between the fixed plate 2312 and the sliding plate 2313, and the first cylinder 2314 is used to drive the sliding plate 2313 to move up and down; an arc seat 2315 is provided below the sliding plate 2313, and a third motor 2316 is provided on the arc seat 2315, and the arc seat 2315 is provided with a third motor 2316. A flexible screw 2317 is rotatably connected inside the degree seat 2315, the output shaft of the third motor 2316 is connected to the flexible screw 2317, a slider is threadedly connected to the flexible screw 2317, a force guide column 2318 is connected to the slider, a gear 2319 is rotatably connected to the force guide column 2318, an arc gear 2319 disk is fixedly connected to the upper shear seat 21, the gear 2319 is meshed with the arc gear 2319 disk, and a limit bar (not drawn) for fixing the force guide column 2318 is also provided on the arc seat 2315, and the limit bar is detachably mounted on the arc seat 2315; the lower driving member 232 is two limit blocks 2321, and the two limit blocks 2321 are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower shear seat 22, for fixing the lower shear seat 22. According to the above technical solution, a third motor 2316 is installed on the arc seat 2315, and the output shaft of the third motor 2316 is connected to the flexible screw 2317, which is arranged on the arc seat 2315 in the form of a semicircular arc. At the same time, a slider is threadedly connected to the flexible screw 2317. When the third motor 2316 is started, the flexible screw 2317 rotates, thereby driving the slider to move along the axial direction of the flexible screw 2317 in the form of a semicircular arc. The movement of the slider does not directly act on the rock sample 8, but is achieved through a series of transmission mechanisms. Specifically, a guide column 2318 is connected to the slider, and a gear 2319 is rotatably connected to the guide column 2318. When the slider moves under the drive of the flexible screw 2317, the inclination angle of the guide column 2318 acting on the arc gear 2319 disk can change. During the test, the guide column 2318 is adjusted to a suitable inclination angle, and then the limit bar is used to fix the guide column 2318. When the first cylinder 2314 pushes the sliding plate 2313 to move downward, it acts on the arc seat 2315, and then transmits the pressure to the arc gear 2319 plate and the upper shear seat 21 through the guide column 2318. The upper shear seat 21 has a horizontal sliding component, which makes the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 slide relative to each other. The third motor 2316 can be controlled to adjust the inclination angle of the guide column 2318, and different oblique angles can be adjusted to simulate the shear force that the rock sample 8 may be subjected to in natural environment or engineering application.

[0066] In another embodiment, if Fig.12 As shown, the shear mechanism 2 includes an upper shear seat 21, a lower shear seat 22 and a second power unit 24. The upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample 8;

[0067] The second power unit 24 includes a first column 241 and a second column 242 . The first column 241 is provided with a second cylinder 243 , and the second column 242 is provided with a third cylinder 244 . The piston end of the second cylinder 243 is connected to the upper shear seat 21 , and the piston end of the third cylinder 244 is connected to the lower shear seat 22 .

[0068] When working, the power unit is responsible for providing shear force, causing relative movement between the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22, thereby simulating the shearing effect that the rock may be subjected to in the natural environment or engineering applications. The piston end of the second cylinder 243 is connected to the upper shear seat 21, and the piston end of the third cylinder 244 is connected to the lower shear seat 22. When it is necessary to simulate the shearing effect, the second cylinder 243 and the third cylinder 244 will be started simultaneously or separately. If the second cylinder 243 is started, its piston end will push the upper shear seat 21 to move to the right, thereby generating a rightward shearing force on the rock sample 8. At the same time, if the third cylinder 244 is also started, its piston end will push the lower shear seat 22 to move to the left, generating a leftward shearing force on the rock sample 8. In this way, the relative movement between the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 is used to simulate the deformation and damage process of the rock sample 8 under the action of shear force. By adjusting the parameters such as the piston stroke, moving speed and starting sequence of the second cylinder 243 and the third cylinder 244, the shear force of different forces can be simulated, so as to deeply study the shear damage characteristics of the rock sample 8. This design not only improves the flexibility and accuracy of the test, but also provides scientific researchers with more research methods and data support.

[0069] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4 and Fig.10As shown, a plurality of air ports 222 and air storage cavities 221 are provided on the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22, and each air port 222 and air storage cavity 221 is connected to each other. An air pipe 223 is connected to the second air flow channel 437, and the air pipe 223 is connected to the air storage cavity 221. A knob switch 224 is provided on the air pipe 223. According to the above technical scheme, in the shear mechanism 2 of the real-time monitoring device for rock damage, the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 are not only components for shear simulation of the rock sample 8, but also undertake the transmission task of the gas path system. The upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 are provided with a plurality of gas ports 222, and these gas ports 222 and the gas storage chamber 221 are interconnected to form a complete gas path system. In order to fill or release gas into the gas storage chamber 221, the air pipe 223 is respectively connected to the gas storage chamber 221 and the second air flow channel 437. A knob switch 224 is provided on the air pipe 223, so that researchers can easily control the flow of gas to realize the filling and release of gas in the gas storage chamber 221. Before the shear test starts, researchers can open the air pipe 223 through the knob switch 224 to allow the air flow of the second air flow channel 437 to enter the gas storage chamber 221 through the air pipe 223, thereby providing the required gas pressure for the shearing process. When the shear mechanism 2 starts to work, the relative sliding between the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 will shear the rock sample 8. At this time, the gas in the air storage chamber 221 can enter the tiny gaps of the rock sample 8 through the air port 222, further simulating the scouring effect of wind erosion on the rock sample 8, thereby more realistically reflecting the stress conditions of the rock in the natural environment.

[0070] The present invention further comprises an acoustic emission monitoring system 5 , an ultrasonic detection system 6 and a monitoring system, which are used to monitor the state of the rock sample 8 . The acoustic emission monitoring system 5 includes an acoustic emission receiving transducer (not shown) and a plurality of coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes 51, which are respectively installed on both sides of the rock sample 8. Specifically, the coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes 51 can be fixed on the surface of the rock sample 8 by bonding with a binder, and each coupled surface contact acoustic emission probe 51 is connected to the acoustic emission receiving transducer, which is connected to a control host, and the control host is equipped with corresponding monitoring software; the ultrasonic detection system 6 includes a coupled surface contact acoustic wave transmitting probe 61 and a coupled surface contact acoustic wave receiving probe 62, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample 8, and the coupled surface contact acoustic wave transmitting probe 61 and the coupled surface contact acoustic wave receiving probe 62 are connected to an ultrasonic detector (not shown); the monitoring system includes a DIC fill light 72 (DIC (Digital Image Correlation, digital image fill light 72)) and a DIC camera 71 (DIC (Digital Image Correlation) Correlation, digital image camera 71), the DIC camera 71 is used to shoot the destruction process of the rock sample 8, which can obtain the deformation data of the whole process of rock destruction and generate a point cloud map of the destruction process of the rock sample 8, so as to make the rock deformation and destruction process more intuitive and comprehensive. The DIC camera 71 is connected to the control host.

[0071] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a real-time monitoring method for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, using the aforementioned real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, comprising the following steps:

[0072] S1: The device is prepared to clamp the rock sample 8; the device is placed on a stable workbench to ensure that the base 1 is fixed, the clamping mechanism 4 is opened, and the rock sample 8 is placed between the two clamping mechanisms 4, the clamping mechanism 4 includes a cylinder 41, a cylinder ring 42 and a clamping unit 43, the cylinder ring 42 is fixedly connected to the clamping unit 43, the cylinder ring 42 extends into the cylinder 41 and is rotatably connected to the cylinder 41; the first motor 432 is started, and the output shaft thereof rotates to drive the driving ring 433 to rotate synchronously. Since the arc groove 4331 on the driving ring 433 is adapted to the driving column 4341 on the clamping block 434, as the driving ring 433 rotates, the driving column 4341 will slide in the arc groove 4331, and the clamping block 434 begins to slide along the mounting plate 431 until the clamping blocks 434 approach each other and clamp the rock sample 8; by adjusting the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure gas, the rotation speed of the turbofan 413 and the generated rotation torque are adjusted to simulate the damage process of the rock sample 8 under different stress states.

[0073] S2: High-pressure gas is introduced and rotational torque is applied; the high-pressure gas pipe 223 is connected to the air port shell 412, and the high-pressure gas pipe 223 is connected to the external pressurizing equipment; high-pressure gas is introduced into the cylinder body 41, and the high-pressure gas acts on the spiral blades 421 and the turbofan 413 to generate a rotational torque, causing the cylinder ring 42 to rotate, driving the clamping unit 43 and the rock sample 8 to rotate; the high-pressure gas flows out through the clamping unit 43 and acts on the end of the rock sample 8 to form a high-pressure area and a low-pressure area, simulating the stress condition of the rock under a complex stress state; the high-pressure gas can also enter the cylinder ring 42 through the air inlet, take away the heat generated by the first motor 432 when it is working, and then be discharged from the air outlet to achieve the ventilation and cooling effect of the first motor 432.

[0074] S3: Start-up of shear mechanism 2 and shear simulation; select a suitable shear mechanism 2 according to the test requirements, which may be a shear mechanism 2 including an upper shear seat 21, a lower shear seat 22 and a first power unit 23 or a second power unit 24; for the first power unit 23, start the third motor 2316, the flexible screw 2317 rotates to drive the slider to move, and transmits the pressure to the arc gear 2319 disk and the upper shear seat 21 through the force guide column 2318 and the gear 2319, so that the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 slide relative to each other, simulating the shear force; for the second power unit 24, start the second cylinder 243 and the third cylinder 244 simultaneously or separately, so that the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 move relative to each other, simulating the shear effect; during the shearing process, the air ports 222 and the air storage chambers 221 on the upper shear seat 21 and the lower shear seat 22 can fill the tiny gaps of the rock sample 8 with gas, further simulating the wind erosion and scouring effect.

[0075] S4: Monitoring and data recording; start the acoustic emission monitoring system 5, set the parameters such as the acoustic emission frequency, the number of coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes 51, the extraction method, the waveform method and the triggering method, and the coupled surface contact acoustic emission probe 51 captures the acoustic emission signal of the crack propagation inside the rock sample 8, and transmits the signal to the acoustic emission receiving transducer, and then the monitoring software in the control host performs data analysis and recording.

[0076] Start the ultrasonic detection system 6 and input the parameters of the rock sample 8; the coupled surface contact acoustic wave transmitting probe 61 transmits the acoustic wave, the coupled surface contact acoustic wave receiving probe 62 receives the acoustic wave signal, and transmits the signal to the ultrasonic detector for data analysis and recording.

[0077] The monitoring system is started, and the DIC camera 71 films the destruction process of the rock sample 8, monitors the rock stress-strain curve in real time, monitors the acoustic emission signal of the rock, and films the deformation process of the rock sample 8; the wave velocity of the rock sample 8 is continuously tested with a time excitation period T until the deformation data of the entire destruction process of the rock sample 8 is obtained, and a point cloud map of the destruction process of the rock sample 8 is generated, and the control host performs data storage and analysis.

[0078] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, characterized in that: It comprises a base (1), a shearing mechanism (2), a driving mechanism (3), and a clamping mechanism (4) symmetrically slidably arranged on the base (1), the two clamping mechanisms (4) being used to clamp a rock sample (8), the shearing mechanism (2) being arranged between the two clamping mechanisms (4) and being used to shear the rock sample (8), and the driving mechanism (3) being used to drive the two clamping mechanisms (4) to move closer to or farther from each other; The clamping mechanism (4) comprises a barrel member (41), a barrel ring (42) and a clamping unit (43); the barrel ring (42) is fixedly connected to the clamping unit (43); the barrel ring (42) extends into the barrel member (41) and is rotatably connected to the barrel member (41); spiral blades (421) are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the barrel ring (42); when high-pressure gas is introduced into the barrel member (41), the barrel ring (42) rotates, thereby driving the clamping unit (43) to rotate; It also includes an acoustic emission monitoring system (5), an ultrasonic detection system (6) and a monitoring system, wherein the acoustic emission monitoring system (5), the ultrasonic detection system (6) and the monitoring system are used to monitor the state of the rock sample (8); The cylinder body (41) comprises a cylinder shell (411), an air port shell (412) and a turbofan (413); the cylinder shell (411) is fixed to the air port shell (412), and the turbofan (413) is rotatably connected inside the air port shell (412); The clamping unit (43) comprises a mounting plate (431), a first motor (432), a driving ring (433) rotatably connected to the mounting plate (431), and at least two clamping blocks (434), wherein the clamping blocks (434) are arranged opposite to each other in pairs and are slidably mounted on the mounting plate (431); The first motor (432) is fixedly arranged inside the cylindrical ring (42), and the output shaft of the first motor (432) passes through the mounting plate (431) and is coaxially connected to the driving ring (433); The driving ring (433) is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves (4331), and each of the clamping blocks (434) is provided with a driving column (4341), and the driving column (4341) is adapted to the arc-shaped groove (4331); when the driving ring (433) rotates, the clamping blocks (434) can be driven to move closer to or farther from each other; The driving ring (433) is provided with an air blowing disk (435), and the air blowing disk (435) is provided with a plurality of air blowing holes (4351); A first air flow channel (436) is formed between the cylinder ring (42) and the cylinder shell (411); The mounting plate (431) is provided with a second air flow channel (437), the driving ring (433) is provided with a third air flow channel (438), the air blowing disc (435) is provided with a fourth air flow channel (439), and the fourth air flow channel (439) is connected to each of the air blowing holes (4351); The first air flow channel (436) is interconnected with the second air flow channel (437), the third air flow channel (438) and the fourth air flow channel (439).

2. The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A connecting shaft (414) is connected to the central axis of the turbofan (413), and the connecting shaft (414) is coaxially fixedly connected to the cylinder ring (42).

3. The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The driving mechanism (3) comprises a second motor (31) fixed on the base (1); a double-headed screw (32) is coaxially connected to an output shaft of the second motor (31); the double-headed screw (32) comprises a first thread segment and a second thread segment; the first thread segment and the second thread segment have opposite rotation directions; One of the clamping mechanisms (4) is threadedly connected to a first threaded section of the double-headed screw (32), and the other clamping mechanism (4) is threadedly connected to a second threaded section of the double-headed screw (32), and the second motor (31) can drive the two clamping mechanisms (4) to move closer to or farther from each other.

4. The real-time monitoring device for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The shear mechanism (2) comprises an upper shear seat (21), a lower shear seat (22) and a first power unit (23); the upper shear seat (21) and the lower shear seat (22) are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of a rock sample (8); The first power unit (23) comprises an upper driving member (231) and a lower driving member (232); the upper driving member (231) comprises a support (2311) symmetrically fixed on the base (1) and a fixing plate (2312) fixed on the support (2311); a sliding plate (2313) is sleeved on the support (2311); a first cylinder (2314) is provided between the fixing plate (2312) and the sliding plate (2313); an arc seat (2315) is provided below the sliding plate (2313); and an arc seat (2315) is provided on the arc seat (2315). A third motor (2316) is provided, a flexible screw (2317) is rotatably connected in the arc seat (2315), an output shaft of the third motor (2316) is connected to the flexible screw (2317), a slider is threadedly connected to the flexible screw (2317), a force guide column (2318) is connected to the slider, a gear (2319) is rotatably connected to the force guide column (2318), an arc gear (2319) disk is fixedly connected to the upper shear seat (21), and the gear (2319) is meshed with the arc gear (2319) disk; The lower driving member (232) is two limit blocks (2321), and the two limit blocks (2321) are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower shear seat (22) and are used to fix the lower shear seat (22).

5. The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The shear mechanism (2) comprises an upper shear seat (21), a lower shear seat (22) and a second power unit (24); the upper shear seat (21) and the lower shear seat (22) are used to be sleeved on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample (8); The second power unit (24) comprises a first column (241) and a second column (242); a second cylinder (243) is provided on the first column (241); a third cylinder (244) is provided on the second column (242); a piston end of the second cylinder (243) is connected to the upper shear seat (21); and a piston end of the third cylinder (244) is connected to the lower shear seat (22).

6. The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The upper shear seat (21) and the lower shear seat (22) are both provided with a plurality of air ports (222) and air storage chambers (221), each of the air ports (222) and the air storage chambers (221) being in communication with each other, an air pipe (223) being connected to the second air flow channel (437), the air pipe (223) being in communication with the air storage chamber (221), and a knob switch (224) being provided on the air pipe (223).

7. The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The acoustic emission monitoring system (5) comprises a plurality of coupled surface contact type acoustic emission probes (51) and acoustic emission receiving transducers, wherein the coupled surface contact type acoustic emission probes (51) are respectively installed on both sides of the rock sample (8), each of the coupled surface contact type acoustic emission probes (51) is connected to the acoustic emission receiving transducer, and the acoustic emission receiving transducer is connected to a control host; The ultrasonic detection system (6) comprises a coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe (61) and a coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe (62), the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe (61) and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe (62) being respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the rock sample (8), and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave transmitting probe (61) and the coupled surface contact type acoustic wave receiving probe (62) being connected to an ultrasonic detector; The monitoring and control system comprises a DIC fill light (72) and a DIC camera (71), and the DIC camera (71) is connected to a control host.

8. A real-time monitoring method for rock damage based on multiple detection coupling, characterized in that: The rock damage real-time monitoring device based on multiple detection coupling as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises the following steps: S1: device preparation and clamping; stabilize the device, open the clamping mechanism (4), insert the rock sample (8), start the first motor (432), clamp the sample with the clamping block (434) through the driving ring (433) and the driving column (4341), adjust the parameters of the high-pressure gas, ensure that the cylinder ring (42) extends into the cylinder member (41) and is rotatably connected to the cylinder member (41); S2: high-pressure gas introduction and rotation; high-pressure gas is introduced to generate a rotation torque, causing the cylinder ring (42) and the rock sample (8) to rotate. The high-pressure gas is also used to simulate complex stress states and ventilate and cool the motor; S3: starting and simulating the shear mechanism (2); selecting a suitable shear mechanism (2) to move the upper shear seat (21) and the lower shear seat (22) relative to each other to simulate the shear force, and at the same time, filling gas into the tiny gaps of the rock sample (8) to simulate wind erosion and scouring; S4: arranging coupled surface contact acoustic emission probes (51) on both sides of the rock sample (8) to be tested, so that the acoustic emission monitoring system (5) obtains three-dimensional positioning of the rock damage and fracture source and fracture damage information; when ultrasonic monitoring of the rock sample (8) is performed, real-time wave velocity data of the rock damage process is obtained based on the monitoring data of the ultrasonic detector; real-time deformation data of the rock sample (8) during the damage process is obtained based on the rock deformation data monitored by the monitoring system, and a rock deformation point cloud map is generated.

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