Wild-imitating cultivation technology for gastrodia elata under forest

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of gastrodia elata cultivation, and discloses an under-forest gastrodia elata wild-imitating cultivation technology which comprises the following steps: selecting a Chinese fir forest which has a certain gradient and is subjected to intermediate cutting and humus-rich soil as a planting area, and adopting hole planting; the method comprises the following steps: selecting branches of a Chinese sumac tree species, obliquely cutting the branches into 8-10cm long and short joints, soaking the branches in 0.25% ammonium nitrate liquid for 10min, then taking out the branches, digging holes with the length, width and depth of 1m, 1m and 0.33 m in a cultivation field, enabling the use amount of hemp seeds to be 500g / hole, the size of the hemp seeds to be 8-10g and the use amount of fungus materials to be 19.5-20.5 kg / hole, and covering with 3-5cm loam and 4cm leaves after seeding; wood with the diameter of 6-10 cm is selected in August, cut-off wood with the specification length of 20 cm is cut out, the armillaria mellea fungus bags and the cut-off wood are in the weight ratio of 1: 10, holes are dug in a designated place according to the designated specification to cultivate armillaria mellea fungus materials, and gastrodia elata seeds are planted in January of the next year; the gastrodia elata is harvested from October to November every year. By means of the gastrodia elata cultivation technology, the yield of the gastrodia elata can be effectively increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of Gastrodia elata cultivation, and more specifically to a wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forests. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata is the dried tuber of the orchid plant Gastrodia elata. It is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal material in my country. It was first recorded in "Shennong's Herbal Classic". It is sweet and slightly warm in nature, and has the effects of calming the nerves, clearing dizziness, and calming wind. It is mainly used to treat dizziness, headache, hypertension, limb numbness, neurasthenia, insomnia, rheumatic low back and leg pain, etc. Liping County has a long history of producing and using Gastrodia elata. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there were records that wild Gastrodia elata was sweet, slightly pungent and mild in temperature. Liping Gastrodia elata is dense and sticky in the mouth, sweet in taste, and is a high-quality raw material for traditional Chinese medicine and food processing. However, due to the current non-standard cultivation technology, the yield of Gastrodia elata is low and the economic benefit is not high. There are many external factors that affect the simulated wild Gastrodia elata cultivation under the forest. Studies have shown that the yield of Gastrodia elata has little to do with the hardness of tree species and mushroom materials. Only by providing reasonable nutrition supply before and after the growth of Gastrodia elata can the yield be maximized; Armillaria mellea does not grow well and cannot provide sufficient nutrients. If Armillaria mellea grows too vigorously, Armillaria mellea will parasitize on Gastrodia elata and regard Gastrodia elata as its own nutrient source, affecting the yield. In order to make full use of the existing mushroom material resources in Liping County, select tree species and mushroom materials and cultivation methods suitable for the local understory Gastrodia elata cultivation, study the key technology of Liping Gastrodia elata simulated wild cultivation under the forest, solve the problem of non-standard cultivation technology and low economic benefit, the present invention proposes a simulated wild cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under the forest. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to provide a wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forests in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0004] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forest, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1, selection of planting site: select a thinned fir forest with a certain slope and rich humus soil as the planting area, and adopt pit planting;

[0006] Step S2, selecting branches of the salt bran wood species, obliquely chopping them into 8-10 cm long and short sections, soaking them in 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes and then fishing them out, digging holes in the cultivation site with a length, width and depth of 1m, 1m and 0.33m, wherein the amount of hemp seeds is 500g / hole, the size of hemp seeds is 8-10g, the amount of mushroom materials is 19.5-20.5kg / hole, and after planting, covering with 3-5cm of loam and then covering with 4cm of leaves;

[0007] Step S3, in August, select wood with a diameter of 6-10 cm, cut off wood with a length of 20 cm, mix the honey fungus bag and the wood with a weight ratio of 1:10, dig holes at a designated location according to designated specifications to cultivate honey fungus materials, and plant Gastrodia elata seeds in January of the following year;

[0008] Step S4, in October and November of each year thereafter, remove the soil covering the trough, uncover the shade net, select the mature and plump hemp with good appearance, remove the small hemp and leave it in the trough, then add a proper amount of leaves in the trough, compact it and cover it.

[0009] Preferably, the slope of step S1 is 12-18° and the altitude is 1105-1120 m, with the slope facing south.

[0010] Preferably, the vegetation in the planting area of ​​step S1 is a Chinese fir plantation with a canopy density of 50% to 60%.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment: the hemp seed in step S2 is the 0th generation seed of Gastrodia elata.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] The cultivation method of the present invention is more conducive to improving the yield of Gastrodia elata by using the fungus materials of the salt branwood species with loose wood. The honey fungus hyphae of the fungus materials of the salt branwood species are thick and strong, and the fungus materials are fully utilized. The cultivation method using the fungus materials of the salt branwood species and the grass covering thickness of 4 cm can significantly improve the yield of Gastrodia elata. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The invention is further described in detail below through specific examples. The following examples are only illustrative and not limiting of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0015] Example

[0016] A wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forests comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step S1, selection of planting site: select a thinned fir forest with a certain slope and rich humus soil as the planting area, and adopt pit planting;

[0018] Step S2, selecting branches of the salt bran wood species, obliquely chopping them into 8-10 cm long and short sections, soaking them in 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes and then fishing them out, digging holes in the cultivation site with a length, width and depth of 1m, 1m and 0.33m, wherein the amount of hemp seeds is 500g / hole, the size of hemp seeds is 8-10g, the amount of mushroom materials is 19.5-20.5kg / hole, and after planting, covering with 3-5cm of loam and then covering with 4cm of leaves;

[0019] Step S3, in August, select wood with a diameter of 6-10 cm, cut off wood with a length of 20 cm, mix the honey fungus bag and the wood with a weight ratio of 1:10, dig holes at a designated location according to designated specifications to cultivate honey fungus materials, and plant Gastrodia elata seeds in January of the following year;

[0020] Step S4, in October and November of each year thereafter, remove the soil covering the trough, uncover the shade net, select the mature and plump hemp with good appearance, remove the small hemp and leave it in the trough, then add a proper amount of leaves in the trough, compact it and cover it.

[0021] Under the above-mentioned simulated wild cultivation conditions under the forest, a single-factor randomized block experiment design was adopted, and a total of 4 tree species treatments were set up, namely: Haloxylon salsa, Betula glauca, Quercus acutissima, and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. Each treatment had 10 holes and 3 replications. The length × width × depth of each hole was 1m × 1m × 0.3m. The amount of hemp seeds was 500g / hole, the size of hemp seeds was 8-10g, the amount of fungus material was 20±0.5kg / hole, and after sowing, 3-5cm of loam was covered, and then 4cm of leaves were covered to keep moisture.

[0022] Then, a 2-factor 4-level randomized block experimental design was adopted, and 2 tree species were set, namely A1 (Saltwood) and A2 (Betula glabra); the 4 levels were B1 (grass covering thickness 0 cm), B2 (grass covering thickness 2 cm), B3 (grass covering thickness 4 cm), and B4 (grass covering thickness 6 cm). There were 8 groups in total, each group treated 10 holes, with 3 repetitions. The length × width × depth of each hole was 1m × 1m × 0.3m, and covered with 3-5cm of loam. The amount of hemp seeds was 500g / hole, the size of hemp seeds was 8-10g, the amount of mushroom material was 20±0.5kg / hole, and after sowing, 3-5cm of loam was covered, and then leaves were covered at 4 different levels to keep moisture.

[0023] In August, select wood with a diameter of 6-10 cm, cut off wood with a length of 20 cm, and the ratio of Armillaria melleaf bag: broken wood = 1:10 (by weight). Dig holes in a designated location according to designated specifications to cultivate Armillaria mellea wood. Plant Gastrodia elata in January of the following year, and harvest and measure the yield in November. The yield includes the total weight of Gastrodia elata, white Gastrodia elata, and rice Gastrodia elata. The fresh Gastrodia elata is graded according to the standards in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1 Gastrodia elata (fresh) grading table

[0025]

[0026] DPS9.01 software was used to analyze the experimental treatment indicators, and WPS software was used to draw graphs.

[0027] Please refer to Table 2 for real-time results. The effects of different tree species on the yield of simulated wild cultivated Gastrodia elata under forest can be seen from Table 2. The yield of simulated wild cultivated Gastrodia elata under forest with different tree species is different, and the difference is significant. The highest average yield of the salt bran wood treatment is 6.001 kg / ㎡, which is significantly higher than other treatments and extremely significantly higher than the treatment of Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The average yields of Betula alba, Quercus acutissima and Cyclobalanopsis glauca were 3.661, 3.560 kg / ㎡ and 2.975 kg / ㎡ respectively, and there was no significant difference among the three.

[0028] Table 2 Gastrodia elata yield from different tree species

[0029]

[0030] Note: Lowercase letters indicate significant correlation at the P<0.05 level (bilateral); uppercase letters indicate extremely significant correlation at the P<0.01 level (bilateral), and the same applies to the following.

[0031] The influence of different tree species on the grade of simulated wild cultivation of Gastrodia elata under the forest can be seen from Table 3. In the comparison of the number of special-grade Gastrodia elata, the number from large to small is Haloxylon sutchuenensis>Betula glabra>Quercus acutissima>Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and the difference among the four treatments is not significant. In the comparison of the number of first-grade Gastrodia elata, the number from large to small is Haloxylon sutchuenensis>Quercus acutissima>Betula glabra>Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and the difference among the four treatments is not significant. In the comparison of the number of second-grade Gastrodia elata, the number from large to small is Quercus acutissima>Cyclobalanopsis glauca>Betula glabra>Haloxylon sutchuenensis, and the difference in the number of second-grade Gastrodia elata between Quercus acutissima and Cyclobalanopsis is not significant, which is significantly higher than Betula glabra and extremely significantly higher than Gastrodia elata; the difference in the number of second-grade Gastrodia elata between Betula glabra and Gastrodia elata is not significant; in the comparison of the total number of Gastrodia elata, the number from large to small is Quercus acutissima>Cyclobalanopsis glauca>Betula glabra>Haloxylon sutchuenensis, and the difference among the four treatments is not significant.

[0032] Table 3 Grades of fresh Gastrodia elata from different species of mushrooms

[0033]

[0034] The effect of different cultivation methods on the yield of simulated wild cultivation of Gastrodia elata under forests can be seen from Table 4 that the yield of simulated wild cultivation of Gastrodia elata under forests is different under different cultivation methods, and the difference is significant. The largest yield of Gastrodia elata was in treatment A1B3, with an average yield of 6.302 kg / ㎡, which was significantly higher than treatments A1B2, A2B4, A2B3, A2B2, A2B1, and A1B1, and there was no significant difference with treatment A1B4; followed by treatment A1B4, with an average yield of 5.540 kg / ㎡, which was significantly higher than treatments A1B2, A2B4, A2B3, A2B2, A2B1, and A1B1, and was significantly higher than treatments A2B3, A2B2, A2B1, A1B1; the average yields of treatments A1B2, A2B4, and A2B3 were 4.595 kg / ㎡, 4.514 kg / ㎡, and 3.990 kg / ㎡, respectively. There were no significant differences among the three treatments, but they were significantly higher than treatments A2B2, A2B1, and A1B1, and extremely significantly higher than treatments A2B1 and A1B1; the lowest yield was in treatment A1B1, with an average yield of 1.219 kg / ㎡.

[0035] Table 4 Effects of different cultivation methods on the yield of Gastrodia elata

[0036]

[0037] The influence of different cultivation methods on the grade of simulated wild cultivation of Gastrodia elata under forest can be seen from Table 5. In the comparison of the number of special-grade Gastrodia elata, the number from large to small is treatment A1B3>A2B4>A1B2>A1B4>A2B3>A2B2>A1B1>A2B1. The number of special-grade Gastrodia elata in treatment A1B3 is the largest, with an average of 10.1 pieces / ㎡, which is significantly higher than other treatments and extremely significantly higher than treatments A1B4, A2B3, and A2B 2. A1B1 and A2B1; in the comparison of the number of first-grade arrow hemp, the order from large to small is treatment A1B4>A1B3>A2B3>A1B2>A2B2>A2B4>A2B1>A1B1. Treatment A1B4 has the largest number of first-grade arrow hemp, with an average of 18.8 pieces / ㎡, which is not significantly different from treatments A1B3, A2B3, A1B2, A2B2, and A2B4; it is significantly higher than treatments A2B1 and A1B1. B1; In the comparison of the number of secondary arrowheads, the number from large to small is treatment A2B2>A2B3>A1B4>A2B1>A1B2>A1B3>A2B4>A1B1; treatment A2B2 has the largest number of secondary arrowheads, with an average of 23.8 pieces / ㎡, which is not significantly different from treatments A2B3, A1B4, A2B1, and A1B2; it is extremely significantly higher than treatments A1B3, A2B4, and A1B1; the total number of arrowheads In the comparison, the number from large to small is treatment A2B3>A2B2>A1B4>A1B2>A1B3>A2B4>A2B1>A1B1; treatment A2B3 has the largest total number of arrowroot, with an average of 41.5 pieces / ㎡, which is not significantly different from treatments A2B2, A1B4, A1B2, and A1B3, but significantly higher than treatments A2B4, A2B1, and A1B1; and extremely significantly higher than treatments A2B1 and A1B1.

[0038] Table 5 Effects of different cultivation methods on the grade of fresh Gastrodia elata

[0039]

[0040] This specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make non-creative modifications to the implementation rules as needed, but they are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forest, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1, selection of planting site: select a thinned fir forest with a certain slope and rich humus soil as the planting area, and adopt pit planting; Step S2, selecting branches of the salt bran wood species, obliquely chopping them into 8-10 cm long and short sections, soaking them in 0.25% ammonium nitrate solution for 10 minutes and then fishing them out, digging holes in the cultivation site with a length, width and depth of 1m, 1m and 0.33m, wherein the amount of hemp seeds is 500g / hole, the size of hemp seeds is 8-10g, the amount of mushroom materials is 19.5-20.5kg / hole, and after planting, covering with 3-5cm of loam and then covering with 4cm of leaves; Step S3, in August, select wood with a diameter of 6-10 cm, cut off wood with a length of 20 cm, mix the honey fungus bag and the wood with a weight ratio of 1:10, dig holes at a designated location according to designated specifications to cultivate honey fungus materials, and plant Gastrodia elata seeds in January of the following year; Step S4, in October and November of each year thereafter, remove the soil covering the trough, uncover the shade net, select the mature and plump hemp with good appearance, remove the small hemp and leave it in the trough, then add a proper amount of leaves in the trough, compact it and cover it.

2. The wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forest according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slope of step S1 is 12-18° and the altitude is 1105-1120m, with the slope facing south.

3. The wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forest according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The vegetation in the planting area of ​​step S1 is a Chinese fir plantation with a canopy density of 50% to 60%.

4. The wild-simulated cultivation technology of Gastrodia elata under forest according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The hemp seed in step S2 is the 0th generation seed of Gastrodia elata.

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