Mining method for collapse roadway

Abstract

The invention relates to a mining method for a collapsed roadway. The mining method comprises the following steps that a mine with the bottom communicating with the collapsed roadway is arranged on each of the two sides of a collapsed ore heap in the horizontal direction; collapsed ore piles are mined layer by layer from top to bottom, and ore blocks are lowered to a collapsed roadway through a mine; after each layer of collapsed ore heap is mined out, the goaf area of the collapsed ore heap is filled with the slurry; and an auxiliary roadway communicated with the collapse roadway is formed in the bottom of the collapse roadway, so that the ore blocks lowered through the mine are moved out. The mines are arranged on the two sides of the collapsed ore heap in the horizontal direction, and are matched with layered mining from top to bottom and slurry filling after goaf mining, so that stress generated in the mining process can be effectively dispersed, a collapsed roadway is stabilized, and operation safety can be guaranteed while the mining efficiency of the collapsed ore heap is improved. In addition, ore blocks lowered through a mine are moved out by means of the auxiliary roadway, effective connection of mining and transportation is achieved, the efficiency is improved, and the mining difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of ore body mining, and in particular to a mining method for a collapsed tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Extremely thin and steeply inclined ore bodies are usually arranged with ore blocks along the strike of the ore body, and are usually mined by upward stratified mining. The ore body is a type of gold-bearing pyrite altered rock, and the ore body is unstable. After the tunnel excavation along the vein is completed, local collapse often occurs before the mining work is carried out. The length of the collapsed ore body along the strike of the ore body is 4-15m, and the collapse height is 5-10m. Usually, the tunnel collapses completely, and the broken ore body continues to collapse upward until the collapsed ore blocks are broken and connected to the top, and then they no longer collapse. After the local collapse along the vein, the tunnel connection is blocked, and the ore blocks cannot be arranged normally for mining. Even if a detour is used, the collapsed ore blocks can no longer be safely recycled, resulting in a waste of mineral resources. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a mining method for collapsed tunnels, which can at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the related art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a mining method for a collapsed tunnel, comprising the following steps: A mine shaft with a bottom connected to the collapsed roadway is arranged on both sides of the collapsed ore pile in the horizontal direction; Mining the collapsed ore pile layer by layer from top to bottom, and lowering the ore blocks into the collapsed tunnel through the mine; After each layer of the collapsed ore pile is mined out, filling the slurry into the mined-out area of ​​the collapsed ore pile; and An auxiliary tunnel connected to the collapsed tunnel is opened at the bottom of the collapsed tunnel to remove the ore blocks lowered through the mine.

[0005] Optionally, the auxiliary tunnel is constructed in a U shape opening toward the collapsed ore pile.

[0006] Optionally, in the step of removing the ore blocks lowered through the mine, the ore block removal operation is carried out through the opening on the same side of the auxiliary tunnel.

[0007] Optionally, the method further includes setting a top tunnel between the two mines to mine the uncollapsed ore body on the top of the collapsed ore pile.

[0008] Optionally, before the step of filling slurry into the goaf area of ​​the collapsed ore pile, the mining method further comprises the step of setting a concrete roof at the bottom of the top tunnel.

[0009] Optionally, when a concrete roof is provided at the bottom of the top tunnel, a first chute is provided on the concrete roof to carry out ore discharge operations after the non-collapsed ore body is mined.

[0010] Optionally, when the slurry is transported to the goaf area of ​​the collapsed ore pile, a second chute for ore discharge operations is reserved at a position corresponding to the first chute.

[0011] Optionally, after the step of connecting and setting a top tunnel between the two mines, the mining method further comprises the step of setting a support structure on the top wall of the top tunnel, the step comprising: A plurality of beam sockets are provided at intervals on the top of the top lane; and A reinforcing beam is wedged into each of the beam recesses.

[0012] Optionally, after the step of wedging a reinforcing beam into each of the beam pockets, the mining method further comprises the step of performing top filling between the plurality of reinforcing beams.

[0013] Optionally, after each layer of the collapsed ore pile is mined out, the mining method further comprises the step of laying an impermeable layer on the collapsed ore pile.

[0014] Through the above technical solution, by arranging mines on both sides of the collapsed ore pile in the horizontal direction, coordinating the layered mining from top to bottom and filling the slurry after the mining, the stress generated during the mining process can be effectively dispersed, thereby stabilizing the collapsed roadway, improving the mining efficiency of the collapsed ore pile and ensuring the safety of the operation. In addition, by using the auxiliary roadway to move out the ore blocks lowered through the mine, the effective connection between mining and transportation is achieved to improve efficiency and reduce the difficulty of mining.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific embodiments, they are used to explain the present disclosure but do not constitute a limitation of the present disclosure. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of mining an ore body using a mining method using a collapsed tunnel provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a concrete roof provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along AA direction; Figure 4 and Figure 5 The present invention is a flowchart of a mining method for a collapsed tunnel provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Description of Reference Numerals 11-collapsed ore pile; 12-uncollapsed ore body; 13-mined area; 2-collapsed tunnel; 3-mine; 31-first mine; 32-second mine; 4-auxiliary tunnel; 5-top tunnel; 6-concrete top; 71-first chute; 72-second chute; 8-support structure; 81-reinforced beam; 9-conveyor pipe; 10-anti-seepage layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation of the present disclosure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described herein is only used to illustrate and explain the present disclosure, and is not used to limit the present disclosure.

[0019] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional words such as "inside" and "outside" are used in reference to the contours of the corresponding parts; directional words such as "top", "bottom", "horizontal" and "vertical" are defined based on the usage habits of the cleaning device provided by the present disclosure. Figure 1 The terms used in this disclosure, such as "first", "second", etc., are intended to distinguish one element from another and do not have order or importance. In addition, when the following description refers to the drawings, the same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.

[0020] The present disclosure provides a mining method for a collapsed tunnel. It should be noted that in the present disclosure, after the collapsed tunnel 2 is filled with collapsed ore blocks, the broken ore blocks will further collapse to the upper space until the collapsed ore blocks are broken and connected to the top to form a Figure 1 After the collapsed ore pile 11 is shown, it will not continue to collapse. Figure 1 and Figure 4 The mining method provided by the present disclosure may include the following steps: Step S100, a mine 3 whose bottom is connected to the collapsed roadway 2 is arranged on both sides of the collapsed ore pile 11 in the horizontal direction. The mine 3 may include a first mine 31 and a second mine 32 arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction. The first mine 31 and the second mine 32 can operate simultaneously to carry out the mining operation of the collapsed ore pile 11 in a relatively symmetrical state, so that the mining force on the collapsed ore pile 11 can be distributed more evenly, so as to effectively disperse the stress in the mining process and reduce the risk of imbalance of force and further collapse of the roadway caused by unilateral mining. In the embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the specific working principle of the mine 3 is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here.

[0021] Step S200, mining the collapsed ore pile 11 layer by layer from top to bottom to better control the operation process of ore block mining. For example, in the mining process of each layer, rock drills, loaders and other equipment can be reasonably configured according to factors such as the hardness of the ore block and the thickness of the ore layer to improve the utilization rate of the equipment and the mining speed. The ore blocks are lowered into the collapsed tunnel 2 through the mine 3. Since the first mine 31 and the second mine 32 are respectively located on both sides of the collapsed ore pile 11 in the horizontal direction, the ore blocks under the first mine 31 and the second mine 32 are just located on both sides of the collapsed ore pile 11, so that it is convenient for mining equipment and workers to collect the ore blocks.

[0022] Step S600, after each layer of the collapsed ore pile 11 is mined out, the slurry is filled into the mined-out area 13 of the collapsed ore pile 11, Figure 1 The state of the goaf area 13 after being filled with slurry. In the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the slurry can be concrete. After the slurry is filled, it will solidify to form a support body with a certain strength, so as to effectively support the top wall and surrounding ore bodies of the goaf area 13. The support body can prevent the sinking and collapse of the top plate ore blocks, so as to provide a relatively stable working environment for subsequent mining operations and protect the safety of operators. The slurry can be filled to a preset position through the conveying pipe 9 to ensure the position accuracy and filling effect of the slurry filling.

[0023] Step S800, the ore blocks that pass through the bottom of the mine shaft 3 to the collapsed tunnel 2 are removed through the auxiliary tunnel 4. The auxiliary tunnel 4 connected to the collapsed tunnel 2 is opened at the bottom of the collapsed tunnel 2 to remove the ore blocks that are lowered through the mine shaft 3, thereby achieving effective connection between mining and transportation. The auxiliary tunnel 4 provides a special channel for the transportation of ore blocks, thereby avoiding interference between the transportation process and the mining process. For example, after the ore blocks are lowered to both sides of the collapsed tunnel 2 through the mine shaft 3, the ore blocks can be quickly transported out using transportation equipment such as mine cars in the auxiliary tunnel 4, thereby reducing the residence time of the ore blocks underground and improving the efficiency of the entire mining process.

[0024] Through the above technical solution, by arranging the mine shaft 3 on both sides of the collapsed ore pile 11 in the horizontal direction, coordinating the stratified mining from top to bottom and filling the slurry after the mining, the stress generated during the mining process can be effectively dispersed, thereby stabilizing the collapsed roadway 2, and improving the mining efficiency of the collapsed ore pile 11 while ensuring the safety of the operation. In addition, by using the auxiliary roadway 4 to move out the ore blocks lowered through the mine shaft 3, the effective connection between mining and transportation is achieved to improve efficiency and reduce the difficulty of mining.

[0025] Reference Figure 1The auxiliary tunnel 4 can be constructed as a U-shaped structure with its opening facing the collapsed ore pile, so that the two openings of the auxiliary tunnel 4 can be respectively set close to the exits of the first mine 31 and the second mine 32 to connect the exits of the first mine 31 and the second mine 32, thereby forming a convenient passage, which is conducive to the transportation of ore blocks output from the two mines 3 and improves the work efficiency of the entire mining process.

[0026] Further, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 In the step of removing the ore blocks lowered through the mine 3, the mining method provided by the present disclosure may further include step S810, performing ore block removal operations through the opening on the same side of the auxiliary tunnel 4, that is, the opening on one side of the auxiliary tunnel 4 can be used as an entrance for transporting ore blocks into the auxiliary tunnel 4, and the opening on the other side can be used as an exit for transporting ore blocks out of the auxiliary tunnel 4. By utilizing the relative position relationship between the auxiliary tunnel 4 and the collapsed ore pile 11, the transportation of ore blocks can be carried out efficiently, so that mining equipment and operators can concentrate on working in a specific area. For example, other equipment such as loaders can be concentrated near the opening on one side of the auxiliary tunnel 4 to facilitate the unified processing of ore blocks.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The mining method provided by the present disclosure may further include step S300, wherein a top tunnel 5 is connected between the two mines 3, and the top tunnel 5 can be used to mine the uncollapsed ore body 12 at the top of the collapsed ore pile 11. By setting the mining tunnel of the uncollapsed ore body 12 at the top of the uncollapsed ore body 12, the safety of the mining operation of the uncollapsed ore body 12 can be improved. Moreover, due to the simultaneous mining of the collapsed ore pile 11 and the uncollapsed ore body 12, not only the mining efficiency of the ore block is improved, but also the uncollapsed ore body 12 can be pre-mined or monitored while mining to a certain extent through the top tunnel 5, so that potential safety hazards can be discovered in advance.

[0028] Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 as well as Figure 5 The mining method provided by the present disclosure may further include step S400, setting a concrete roof 6 at the bottom of the top tunnel 5 to improve the structural strength of the bottom surface of the top tunnel 5, thereby ensuring safety during the construction process. The step S400 may be implemented before the step S600 of filling the slurry into the goaf area 13 of the collapsed ore pile 11, so that the concrete roof 6 can be used as a safety shed for the lower access transportation operation, thereby further improving the safety of the workers during the filling of slurry and mining.

[0029] Further, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5When the concrete roof 6 is set at the bottom of the top tunnel 5 in step S400, a first chute 71 can be set on the concrete roof 6, and the first chute 71 can extend in the vertical direction to facilitate the workers to carry out ore-dropping operations after the uncollapsed ore body 12 is mined. The setting of the first chute 71 can smoothly drop the ore blocks to a suitable transportation or storage area below, without the need to open up additional complex transportation routes, reducing the links of ore transportation during the ore-dropping process and improving the ore-dropping efficiency.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 When the slurry is transported to the goaf 13 of the collapsed ore pile 11 in step S600, a second chute 72 for ore discharge can be reserved at the position corresponding to the first chute 71. The second chute 72 can be coaxially arranged with the first chute 71 to ensure the continuity of ore discharge, thereby effectively avoiding the interruption of ore discharge after the slurry is filled.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 5 The mining method may further include step S500, setting a support structure 8 on the top wall of the top tunnel 5. This step may be implemented after the step of setting the top tunnel 5 between the two mine shafts 3, so as to protect the top wall of the top tunnel 5 through the support structure 8 to avoid the collapse of the top wall of the top tunnel 5. Step S500 may include step S510, setting a plurality of beam holes at intervals on the top of the top tunnel 5. The beam holes can provide installation positions for the reinforcement beams 81 mentioned below. The cross-section of the beam holes can be constructed as a semicircle to meet the force requirements. In the embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the plurality of beam holes can be evenly spaced in the horizontal direction and arranged perpendicular to the beam holes. Figure 1 The step S500 may further include a step S520 after the step S510, in which a reinforcing beam 81 is wedged into each beam socket, and the reinforcing beam 81 may be constructed as a columnar structure, and the outer diameter of the reinforcing beam 81 may match the inner diameter of the beam socket, so that the reinforcing beam 81 may be partially embedded in the beam socket, thereby ensuring a close fit between the beam socket and the reinforcing beam 81, so that the top wall pressure of the top tunnel 5 can be dispersed to the supporting structure 8 in a relatively uniform manner through the wall surface of the beam socket, so as to avoid local stress concentration, reduce the possibility of damage to the top wall surface of the top tunnel 5 due to uneven force, and greatly extend the service life of the top tunnel 5.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5The mining method provided by the present disclosure may further include step S530, performing top filling between the multiple reinforcing beams 81, which may be performed after the reinforcing beams 81 are respectively wedged into each beam cavity in step S520. In the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, top filling refers to filling a viscous material between two adjacent reinforcing beams 81, so as to bond the multiple reinforcing beams 81 together so that the support structure forms an integral structure. Such a design, compared with a single reinforcing beam 81 or multiple unbonded reinforcing beams 81, makes the supporting effect of the supporting structure 8 on the top wall of the top tunnel 5 no longer dispersed, and can significantly improve the supporting capacity of the supporting structure 8 on the top tunnel 5, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the mining operation.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The mining method provided by the present disclosure may also include step S700, laying an impermeable layer 10 on the collapsed ore pile 11. This step S700 can be performed after each layer of the collapsed ore pile 11 is mined out. By setting the impermeable layer 10, the collapsed ore pile 11 can be effectively isolated from the outside world. On the one hand, it prevents the substances contained in the ore blocks from leaking out during storage or subsequent processing. On the other hand, it can also prevent the ore blocks from being easily affected by other substances such as moisture in the outside world, thereby avoiding the deterioration of the ore blocks and ensuring the effective utilization of the ore blocks and the smooth progress of subsequent processing. In the embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the impermeable layer 10 can be made of plastic cloth. After the impermeable layer 10 is laid on the collapsed ore pile 11, a sealing treatment can be performed between the two ends of the impermeable layer 10 and the bottom of the mine tunnel to further improve the isolation effect of the collapsed ore pile 11 from the outside world. It can be understood that in the process of mining the collapsed ore pile 11 layer by layer from top to bottom, the anti-seepage layer 10 at the mining site can be treated in a targeted manner. For example, it can be cut or rolled up and removed, so as to effectively avoid the anti-seepage layer 10 from hindering or interfering with mining operations such as excavation and transportation, while ensuring that the anti-seepage layer 10 can effectively isolate other parts of the collapsed ore pile 11.

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0035] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0036] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A mining method for collapsed tunnels, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A mine shaft with a bottom connected to the collapsed roadway is arranged on both sides of the collapsed ore pile in the horizontal direction; Mining the collapsed ore pile layer by layer from top to bottom, and lowering the ore blocks into the collapsed tunnel through the mine; After each layer of the collapsed ore pile is mined out, filling the slurry into the mined-out area of ​​the collapsed ore pile; as well as An auxiliary tunnel connected to the collapsed tunnel is opened at the bottom of the collapsed tunnel to remove the ore blocks lowered through the mine.

2. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary tunnel is U-shaped with its opening facing the collapsed ore pile.

3. The mining method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the step of removing the ore blocks lowered through the mine shaft, the ore block removal operation is performed through the opening on the same side of the auxiliary tunnel.

4. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of connecting and setting a top tunnel between the two mines to mine the uncollapsed ore body on the top of the collapsed ore pile.

5. The mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Prior to the step of filling the goaf area of ​​the collapsed ore pile with slurry, the mining method further comprises the step of setting a concrete roof at the bottom of the top tunnel.

6. The mining method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When a concrete roof is provided at the bottom of the top tunnel, a first chute is provided on the concrete roof to carry out ore discharge operation after the non-collapsed ore body is mined.

7. The mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the slurry is transported to the goaf area of ​​the collapsed ore pile, a second chute is reserved for ore discharge operations at a position corresponding to the first chute.

8. The mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the step of connecting and setting a top tunnel between the two mines, the mining method further comprises the step of setting a support structure on the top wall of the top tunnel, which step comprises: A plurality of beam sockets are provided at intervals on the top of the top lane; and A reinforcing beam is wedged into each of the beam recesses.

9. The mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the step of wedging a reinforcing beam into each of the beam pockets, the mining method further comprises the step of performing top filling between the plurality of reinforcing beams.

10. The mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After each layer of the collapsed ore pile is mined out, the mining method further comprises the step of laying an impermeable layer on the collapsed ore pile.

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