Carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture and encoding method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes and a coding method and device. The carbon nano tube can be artificially divided into multiple sections in a groove manufacturing mode, and the coupling strength among the multiple sections meets the requirement of quantum calculation. In the structure, the nanotube and the quantum dots on the nanotube not only can be used as a quantum bit, but also can be used as a phonon transmission channel. According to the invention, quantum bit coding modes mainly comprise double-line coding and single-line coding, and different coding modes are accompanied by different quantum resource allocation overhead and error correction operation modes. However, in the two coding modes, a topological code named as a surface code is used for error correction. The implementation of surface codes on a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes is convenient because the coupling strength between adjacent quantum bits can be controlled by regulating and controlling electrodes of a transmission path.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of semiconductors, quantum architecture design, quantum coding and quantum error correction, and algorithm design. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the development of the quantum computing industry has stepped onto a new ladder. There have been great breakthroughs in both the hardware implementation and basic theory of quantum computing. Due to the irreplaceable advantages of quantum computing over classical computing, problems that cannot be solved in polynomial time on classical computers can be accelerated in quantum computing. This has brought great impact and even subversion to traditional encryption technology and scientific computing. As a result, quantum computing has also become the focus of the game between major powers and the focus of international research. It has incomparable scientific, economic, political and military value. However, the short coherence time of quantum bits and their susceptibility to environmental noise have greatly restricted the practical application of quantum computing. The quantum error correction technology that has emerged in recent years has provided new ideas for practical quantum computing. In 2023, Google researchers achieved a new breakthrough in quantum error correction, reducing the error rate of quantum bits to below the surface code threshold, and using surface codes to encode logical quantum bits, thereby obtaining a longer coherence time and a lower error rate. We use a two-dimensional architecture composed of nanowires, encode physical quantum bits using dual-wire and single-wire encoding methods, and construct logical quantum bits using surface codes on physical quantum bit arrays. Summary of the invention

[0003] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0004] A coding method for a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes. The structure of the quantum computing architecture is divided into a two-dimensional cross structure of nanowires, an auxiliary microwave cavity, and an electrode system. The coding method of the architecture is single-line coding or double-line coding. The intersection of the nanowires is insulated and single-line coding and double-line coding are used to run the surface code.

[0005] Wherein, the two-dimensional cross structure of the nanowires: the nanowires are placed cross-shaped on the grooves; the grooves refer to: the concave-convex structure on the two-dimensional substrate;

[0006] The auxiliary microwave cavity and electrode system: the microwave cavity is connected to the electrode system to control the quantum dots;

[0007] The insulation design at the intersection of the nanowires: an insulating coating is applied at the intersection of the nanowires to separate the two quantum dots;

[0008] The single-line and double-line encoding methods: double-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at the intersections of nanowires, and single-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at a single-segment nanowire;

[0009] The method of using single-line coding and double-line coding to run the surface code is to design a corresponding method of running the surface code by utilizing the position characteristics of the quantum bits of the double-line coding and the single-line coding in the two-dimensional architecture;

[0010] There are two types of position characteristics: one quantum dot is at the intersection of nanowires and is used as a physical quantum bit, namely double-line coding; the other quantum dot is at the midpoint of two adjacent intersections and is used as a physical quantum bit, namely single-line coding.

[0011] As a preferred method, phonon-to-phonon coupling is directly performed between two adjacent quantum bits, carbon nanotubes are used as transmission channels for transmitting coupling, and the microwave cavity is only used as an auxiliary to regulate transmission.

[0012] As a preferred method, single-line and double-line coding are used to encode quantum bits. Single-line coding uses a single nanowire and a quantum dot formed by electrons on it to encode a quantum bit, while double-line coding uses two contacting nanowires to cross each other, and two quantum dots jointly encode a quantum bit.

[0013] As a preferred method, different cross-shaped nanowires transmit phonons by direct contact.

[0014] As a preferred method, an insulating coating is applied at the contact points of the double-wire coded nanowires to keep the two electrons always located on the two nanowires.

[0015] As a preferred method, the topological two-dimensional structure extended by this encoding method meets the requirements of the surface code, and the electrodes can be controlled by software to achieve the construction of stabilizers. On the basis of constructing stabilizers, logical quantum bits can be constructed on a substrate, and the electrodes can be controlled to complete quantum evolution, construct logical X gates and Z gates, and use X and Z gates to construct Y gates, and realize bit movement qubit-mov on the two-dimensional topological structure, and build logical CNOT gates based on this. Any unitary gate can be approximated based on these basic quantum gates.

[0016] As a preferred approach, when two-wire coding is used to implement the CNOT gate, it is easier to close the phonon channel between the measurement quantum bit and the remaining three data bits.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the quantum bit and the phonon transmission channel use the same structure.

[0018] As a preferred method, dual-line coding and single-line coding are complementary in topological structure. Without changing the hardware, only the software for controlling the electrodes needs to be changed to switch between dual-line coding and single-line coding. When the algorithm requires it, single-line and dual-line mixed coding can be achieved.

[0019] The second object of the present invention is to provide a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes, in which the nanowire arrangement and groove positions are specially designed to ensure that the architecture can match the encoding method. The nanowire arrangement adopts a two-dimensional cross structure, and a nanowire is divided into multiple segments by the intersection. The groove position design is based on the position of the nanowire. The intersection of the nanowire and the midpoint of the nanowire segment correspond to the concave part of the two-dimensional substrate. The shape of the concave part is a square with a side length of 3 microns, and the other positions correspond to the convex part of the two-dimensional substrate. In this groove design method, it is only necessary to etch the corresponding concave part of the flat substrate. Another design is to surround the intersection with a rectangular parallelepiped to make a protrusion, such as Figure 3 As shown, each square corresponds to a rectangular parallelepiped protrusion. In this way, all substrate materials except the protrusion need to be etched.

[0020] As a preferred method, the grooves are manufactured by etching corresponding recesses.

[0021] As a preferred method, carbon nanowires are used as the two-dimensional framework material.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the shape of the recess is a square with a side length of 3 microns.

[0023] The third object of the present invention is to provide a quantum computing architecture implementation and coding device based on carbon nanotubes, including a substrate, a quantum dot system formed by a nanowire array on the substrate, a phonon transmission circuit, an auxiliary microwave cavity system and a corresponding electrode structure; wherein quantum bits are encoded on the quantum dots, the phonon transmission circuit adjusts the coupling of the quantum dots by transmitting vibration modes, the nanowires used by the circuit and the quantum dots have the same structure, the specific usage number is determined by the coding method, and insulating material coatings are used at the contact points of different nanowires; single-line or double-line coding is used to control the electrodes and the auxiliary microwave cavity through software to perform quantum evolution to construct a quantum gate; the construction of the stabilizer is realized by running a series of gate operations corresponding to the stabilizer,

[0024] The encoding method is divided into single-line encoding and double-line encoding. A nanowire is divided into several segments. Each segment of the nanowire may or may not cross with other segments of the nanowire according to the arrangement of the nanowires. The quantum bits are encoded at the intersections, and the non-intersecting segments are used as the transmission channels of phonons. This is double-line encoding. The non-intersecting segments are used as quantum bits, and the intersection segments are used to transmit phonons. This is single-line encoding.

[0025] The phonon transmission circuit utilizes the characteristics of nanowires in transmitting vibrations to achieve coupling between adjacent quantum bits. The transmission circuit is a crossed or non-crossed section of nanowires. In a single-wire encoding method, it is a crossed nanowire segment, and in a double-wire encoding method, it is a non-crossed nanowire segment.

[0026] The auxiliary microwave cavity system and the corresponding electrode structure, the electrode structure is the control electrode for regulating the state under each corresponding quantum dot, and the auxiliary microwave cavity is coupled with the electrode; these two structures can control the quantum evolution of quantum dots, can construct physical bit logic gates, and can also control the opening and closing of phonon transmission lines;

[0027] The quantum gate is constructed by quantum evolution. A quantum gate corresponds to a unitary matrix, and this unitary matrix is ​​solved by constructing the corresponding Hamiltonian through the Schrödinger equation. At this time, as long as a system with an equivalent Hamiltonian is constructed in the real event, the desired state can be obtained after a fixed quantum evolution time.

[0028] The stabilizer is obtained by performing a series of gate operations because the stabilizer is composed of a series of gate operations, wherein the main body of the X stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates and two H gates; the main body of the Z stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates.

[0029] As a preferred approach, quantum bits are densely encoded in a two-dimensional architecture, leaving no empty spaces.

[0030] As a preferred method, the surface code is run using double-line coding.

[0031] As a preferred method, phonon transmission lines composed of nanowires and quantum dots are used to transmit vibration modes between adjacent quantum bits.

[0032] Preferably, insulation is only applied at the contact points.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a specific design and coding of a quantum computing two-dimensional architecture using carbon nanowire coding, the purpose of which is to form an expandable two-dimensional computing array on an electrode array by using carbon nanotubes, and to encode quantum bits on a single-segment nanowire or a cross nanowire to achieve single-line coding and double-line coding. On the basis of the two coding methods, the physical quantum CNOT gate and H gate are completed by electrode and microwave cavity regulation, so as to construct the X stabilizer and the Z stabilizer. Thus, a two-dimensional array is encoded into one or more logical bits, and the logical X, Z, CNOT gates are realized by physical X, Z gates, so as to realize the universal logic gate. With the help of single-line and double-line coding on nanowires, space can be fully utilized, and the use of nanowires for both quantum bits and coupled transmission lines can greatly simplify the complexity of electrode design and operation. In double-line coding, the coupling of different quantum bits can be simply opened and closed by electrodes, making the realization of CNOT gates simple. The CNOT gate is the main body of the stabilizer, and the use of surface codes in double-line coding has extremely high efficiency, which makes the quantum computing architecture designed in the present invention very suitable for running surface codes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a unit in the single-line encoding mode of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a unit in the dual-line coding mode of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a 7X7 two-dimensional structure under the dual-line coding of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a quantum circuit diagram of the Z stabilizer of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a quantum circuit diagram of the X stabilizer of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0040] The embodiment provides a coding method for a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes. The structure of the quantum computing architecture is divided into a two-dimensional cross structure of nanowires, an auxiliary microwave cavity, and an electrode system. The coding method of the architecture is single-line coding or double-line coding. The intersection of the nanowires is insulated and designed. The single-line coding and double-line coding are used to run the surface code.

[0041] Wherein, the two-dimensional cross structure of the nanowires: the nanowires are placed cross-shaped on the grooves; the grooves refer to: the concave-convex structure on the two-dimensional substrate;

[0042] The auxiliary microwave cavity and electrode system: the microwave cavity is connected to the electrode system to control the quantum dots;

[0043] The insulation design at the intersection of the nanowires: an insulating coating is applied at the intersection of the nanowires to separate the two quantum dots;

[0044] The single-line and double-line encoding methods: double-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at the intersections of nanowires, and single-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at a single-segment nanowire;

[0045] The method of using single-line coding and double-line coding to run the surface code is to design a corresponding method of running the surface code by utilizing the position characteristics of the quantum bits of the double-line coding and the single-line coding in the two-dimensional architecture;

[0046] There are two types of position characteristics: one quantum dot is at the intersection of nanowires and is used as a physical quantum bit, namely double-line coding; the other quantum dot is at the midpoint of two adjacent intersections and is used as a physical quantum bit, namely single-line coding.

[0047] In some embodiments, phonon-to-phonon coupling is performed directly between two adjacent quantum bits, carbon nanotubes are used as transmission channels for the coupling, and the microwave cavity is only used as an auxiliary to regulate the transmission.

[0048] In some embodiments, the method of encoding quantum bits adopts single-line and double-line coding. Single-line coding uses a single-segment nanowire and a quantum dot formed by electrons thereon to encode a quantum bit, while double-line coding uses two contacting nanowires to cross each other in a cross shape, and two quantum dots jointly encode a quantum bit.

[0049] In some embodiments, phonons are transferred between different crisscrossed nanowires by direct contact.

[0050] In some embodiments, an insulating coating is applied at the contact points of the dual-wire coded nanowires to keep the two electrons always located on the two nanowire segments.

[0051] In some embodiments, the topological two-dimensional structure extended by this encoding method meets the requirements of the surface code, and the electrodes can be controlled by software to achieve the construction of stabilizers. On the basis of the construction of stabilizers, logical quantum bits can be constructed on a substrate, and the electrodes are controlled to complete quantum evolution, and logical X gates and Z gates are constructed. The X and Z gates are used to construct the Y gate, and the bit movement qubit-mov is realized on the two-dimensional topological structure, and the logical CNOT gate is constructed based on this. Any unitary gate can be approximated based on these basic quantum gates.

[0052] In some embodiments, when two-wire encoding is used to implement the CNOT gate, it is easier to close the phonon channel between the measurement qubit and the remaining three data bits.

[0053] In some embodiments, the quantum bit and the phonon transmission channel use the same structure.

[0054] In some embodiments, dual-line coding and single-line coding are complementary in topological structure. Without changing the hardware, switching between dual-line coding and single-line coding can be achieved by changing the software for regulating the electrodes. When the algorithm requires, single-line and dual-line mixed coding can be achieved.

[0055] The second purpose of this embodiment is to provide a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes, in which the nanowire arrangement and the groove position are specially designed to ensure that the architecture can match the encoding method. The nanowire arrangement adopts a two-dimensional cross structure, and a nanowire is divided into multiple segments by the intersection. The position design of the groove is based on the position of the nanowire. The intersection of the nanowire and the midpoint of the nanowire segment correspond to the concave part of the two-dimensional substrate, and the other positions correspond to the convex part of the two-dimensional substrate. In this groove design method, it is only necessary to etch the corresponding concave part of the flat substrate.

[0056] The third purpose of this embodiment is to provide a quantum computing architecture implementation and encoding device based on carbon nanotubes, including a substrate, a quantum dot system formed by a nanowire array on the substrate, a phonon transmission circuit, an auxiliary microwave cavity system and a corresponding electrode structure; wherein quantum bits are encoded on the quantum dots, the phonon transmission circuit adjusts the coupling of the quantum dots by transmitting vibration modes, the nanowires used by the circuit and the quantum dots have the same structure, the specific usage number is determined by the encoding method, and insulating material coatings are used at the contact points of different nanowires; single-line or double-line encoding is used to control the electrodes and the auxiliary microwave cavity through software to perform quantum evolution to construct a quantum gate; the construction of the stabilizer is realized by running a series of gate operations corresponding to the stabilizer,

[0057] The encoding method is divided into single-line encoding and double-line encoding. A nanowire is divided into several segments. Each segment of the nanowire may or may not cross with other segments of the nanowire according to the arrangement of the nanowires. The quantum bits are encoded at the intersections, and the non-intersecting segments are used as the transmission channels of phonons. This is double-line encoding. The non-intersecting segments are used as quantum bits, and the intersection segments are used to transmit phonons. This is single-line encoding.

[0058] The phonon transmission circuit utilizes the characteristics of nanowires in transmitting vibrations to achieve coupling between adjacent quantum bits. The transmission circuit is a crossed or non-crossed section of nanowires. In a single-wire encoding method, it is a crossed nanowire segment, and in a double-wire encoding method, it is a non-crossed nanowire segment.

[0059] The auxiliary microwave cavity system and the corresponding electrode structure, the electrode structure is the control electrode for regulating the state under each corresponding quantum dot, and the auxiliary microwave cavity is coupled with the electrode; these two structures can control the quantum evolution of quantum dots, can construct physical bit logic gates, and can also control the opening and closing of phonon transmission lines;

[0060] The quantum gate is constructed by quantum evolution. A quantum gate corresponds to a unitary matrix, and this unitary matrix is ​​solved by constructing the corresponding Hamiltonian through the Schrödinger equation. At this time, as long as a system with an equivalent Hamiltonian is constructed in the real event, the desired state can be obtained after a fixed quantum evolution time.

[0061] The stabilizer is obtained by performing a series of gate operations because the stabilizer is composed of a series of gate operations, wherein the main body of the X stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates and two H gates; the main body of the Z stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates.

[0062] Preferably, the quantum bits are densely encoded in a two-dimensional architecture, leaving no empty spaces.

[0063] Preferably, the surface code is run using dual-line coding.

[0064] Preferably, a phonon transmission line composed of nanowires and quantum dots is used to transmit vibration modes between adjacent quantum bits.

[0065] Preferably, the insulation is only applied at the contact points.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The encoding scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows Figure 1 Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 Using single-wire coding, the long section of the nanowire encodes the quantum bit, and the intersection of the two ends serves as a phonon transmission channel. In this way, a quantum bit will be adjacent to six other quantum bits. In the specific quantum operation process, auxiliary microwave cavities and electrodes are required to adjust the remaining five quantum bits that do not need to be coupled to a non-resonant frequency, so that the two quantum bits to be coupled are at the resonant frequency. (Another method is to close the phonon transmission channel on one side, and then make the two quantum bits on the other side out of the resonant frequency) All quantum bits can be coupled in this way. Figure 2 The double-line coding is used in the system, where the quantum bits are encoded at the intersection. One quantum bit is connected to the four surrounding quantum bits. When the central quantum bit wants to be entangled with one of them, the coupling of the other three quantum bits can be disconnected by controlling the electrodes on the phonon transmission line. In this way, four entanglement operations can be completed.

[0068] The numbering of the quantum bits, taking 7X7 double-line coding as an example, is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, 7X7 refers to a nanowire with 7 segments in length and width, encoding a total of 16 physical qubits. Among them, Z11, Z13, Z22, Z24, Z31, Z33, Z42, and Z44 are measurement qubits, and Z12, Z14, Z21, Z23, Z32, Z34, Z41, and Z42 are data qubits. There are 2 to 4 adjacent data qubits to a measurement qubit, and there are 2 to 4 adjacent data qubits to a data qubit.

[0069] use Figure 3 The construction of the stabilizer in the medium quantum architecture focuses on realizing the CNOT operation of the measurement quantum bit and its surrounding data quantum bits and the two Hadamard operations of the measurement quantum bit. The two-line encoding method is used to take the 7X7 two-dimensional architecture as an example. Figure 3 As shown. Assuming that the operation of the Z-stabilizer is to be realized with the measurement qubit Z22 as the center, the quantum circuit of the Z-stabilizer is as follows Figure 4As shown. First, disconnect the phonon transmission channel between Z22 and Z21, Z12, and Z23, and perform CNOT operation on Z22 and Z32. The same method can be used to implement CNOT operation between Z21, Z12, and Z23. If you want to realize X stabilizers, you only need to regulate the electrodes under the quantum dots before and after the above operation to make them undergo corresponding quantum evolution.

[0070] Through for Figure 3 The cyclic operation of the stabilizer in the two-dimensional architecture can construct a logical qubit on the entire 7X7 substrate. By running a series of physical bit X operations and Z operations on the architecture, logical X operations and logical Z operations can be constructed. According to needs, the phonon transmission channel between the corresponding measurement qubit and the surrounding data qubit in the two-dimensional architecture can be disconnected by regulating the electrodes, thereby shutting down the X or Z stabilizer and constructing an X-cut qubit or Z-cutqubit (a type of logical bit) in the architecture.

Claims

1. A coding method for a quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes, characterized in that: The structure of the quantum computing architecture is divided into a two-dimensional cross structure of nanowires, an auxiliary microwave cavity, and an electrode system. The coding method of the architecture is single-line coding or double-line coding. The intersection of the nanowires is insulated and single-line coding and double-line coding are used to run the surface code. The two-dimensional cross structure of the nanowires: the nanowires are placed cross-shaped on the grooves; the electrons are trapped as quantum dots at the intersections of the nanowires and at the midpoints of the nanowires between adjacent intersections; there is a quantum dot on each of the upper and lower nanowires at the intersection; the grooves refer to: the concave-convex structure on the two-dimensional substrate; The auxiliary microwave cavity and electrode system: the microwave cavity is connected to the electrode system to control the quantum dots; The insulation design at the intersection of the nanowires: an insulating coating is applied at the intersection of the nanowires to separate the two quantum dots; The single-line and double-line encoding methods: double-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at the intersections of nanowires, and single-line encoding encodes quantum bits into quantum dots at the midpoints of nanowires between adjacent intersections. The method of using single-line coding and double-line coding to run the surface code is to design a corresponding method of running the surface code by utilizing the position characteristics of the quantum bits of the double-line coding and the single-line coding in the two-dimensional architecture; There are two types of positional characteristics: one quantum dot is at the intersection of nanowires, called A quantum dot; the other quantum dot is at the midpoint of two adjacent intersections, called B quantum dot.

2. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phonon-to-phonon coupling is carried out directly between two adjacent quantum bits, and the carbon nanotubes and the quantum dots on them are used as the transmission channel for regulating the coupling, and the microwave cavity is only used as an auxiliary to regulate the transmission.

3. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method of encoding quantum bits adopts single-line and double-line coding. Single-line coding uses a single-segment nanowire and a quantum dot formed by electrons on it to encode a quantum bit, while double-line coding uses two contacting nanowires to cross each other, and two quantum dots together encode a quantum bit; not all quantum dots are used to encode physical quantum bits. Some quantum dots and their nanowires are used as phonon transmission control units; when double-line coding is used, quantum dot A is used as the physical quantum bit and quantum dot B is used as the phonon transmission control unit; when single-line coding is used, quantum dot B is used as the physical quantum bit and quantum dot A is used as the phonon transmission control unit.

4. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Different cross-shaped nanowires rely on direct contact to transfer phonons.

5. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An insulating coating is applied at the contact points of the double-wire coded nanowires to keep the two electrons always located on the two nanowires.

6. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The topological two-dimensional structure extended by this encoding method meets the requirements of the surface code. The electrodes can be controlled by software to achieve the construction of stabilizers. On the basis of building stabilizers, logical quantum bits can be built on a substrate, and the electrodes can be controlled to complete quantum evolution, build logical X gates and Z gates, and use X and Z gates to build Y gates, and realize bit movement qubit-mov on the two-dimensional topological structure, and build logical CNOT gates based on this. Any unitary gate can be approximated based on these basic quantum gates.

7. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When using two-wire encoding to implement the CNOT gate, it is easier to close the phonon channel between the measurement qubit and the remaining three data bits.

8. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The same structure is used for both quantum bits and phonon transmission channels.

9. The encoding method of the carbon nanotube-based quantum computing architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Dual-line coding and single-line coding are complementary in topology. Without changing the hardware, switching between dual-line coding and single-line coding can be achieved by changing the software that controls the electrodes. When the algorithm requires it, single-line and dual-line mixed coding can be achieved.

10. A quantum computing architecture based on carbon nanotubes, characterized in that The arrangement of nanowires and the location of the grooves ensure that the architecture matches the encoding method; The nanowires are arranged in a two-dimensional cross structure, and one nanowire is divided into multiple sections by the cross points; The position design of the groove is based on the position of the nanowire; A concave portion of the two-dimensional substrate is manufactured at the intersection of the nanowires and at the midpoint of the nanowire segments, the concave portion is in a square shape, and other positions outside the concave portion correspond to the convex portion of the two-dimensional substrate, and the corresponding electrode system is arranged in the concave portion; In this groove design method, it is only necessary to etch the corresponding concave part of the flat substrate; another design is to surround the intersection with a rectangular block to make a protrusion.

11. A quantum computing architecture implementation and encoding device based on carbon nanotubes, characterized in that: It includes a substrate, a quantum dot system formed by a nanowire array on the substrate, a phonon transmission circuit, an auxiliary microwave cavity system and a corresponding electrode structure; wherein quantum bits are encoded on the quantum dots, the phonon transmission circuit adjusts the coupling of the quantum dots by transmitting vibration modes, the circuit and the nanowires used in the quantum dots have the same structure, the specific usage number is determined by the encoding method, and insulating material coatings are used at the contact points of different nanowires; single-line or double-line encoding is used to control the electrodes and the auxiliary microwave cavity through software to perform quantum evolution to construct a quantum gate; the construction of the stabilizer is realized by running a series of gate operations corresponding to the stabilizer, The encoding method is divided into single-line encoding and double-line encoding. A nanowire is divided into several segments. Each segment of the nanowire may or may not cross with other segments of the nanowire according to the arrangement of the nanowires. The quantum bits are encoded at the intersections, and the non-intersecting segments are used as the transmission channels of phonons. This is double-line encoding. The non-intersecting segments are used as quantum bits, and the intersection segments are used to transmit phonons. This is single-line encoding. The phonon transmission circuit utilizes the characteristics of nanowires in transmitting vibrations to achieve coupling between adjacent quantum bits. The transmission circuit is a crossed or non-crossed section of nanowires. In a single-wire encoding method, it is a crossed nanowire segment, and in a double-wire encoding method, it is a non-crossed nanowire segment. The auxiliary microwave cavity system and the corresponding electrode structure, the electrode structure is the control electrode for regulating the state under each corresponding quantum dot, and the auxiliary microwave cavity is coupled with the electrode; these two structures can control the quantum evolution of quantum dots, can construct physical bit logic gates, and can also control the opening and closing of phonon transmission lines; The quantum gate is constructed by quantum evolution. A quantum gate corresponds to a unitary matrix, and this unitary matrix is ​​solved by constructing the corresponding Hamiltonian through the Schrödinger equation. At this time, as long as a system with an equivalent Hamiltonian is constructed in the real event, the desired state can be obtained after a fixed quantum evolution time. The stabilizer is obtained by performing a series of gate operations because the stabilizer is composed of a series of gate operations, wherein the main body of the X stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates and two H gates; the main body of the Z stabilizer is 4 CNOT gates.

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