High-precision building construction carbon emission real-time metering method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a high-precision building construction carbon emission real-time metering method and system, and belongs to the field of carbon emission calculation. The invention aims to solve the problem that during carbon emission calculation in building construction, a calculation boundary needs to be determined, repeated calculation or missing lacks are easy to occur, and large access exists between a metering result and actual carbon emission. The construction activity consumption data is collected through an automatic data collection means and uploaded to the system platform through the Internet of Things, and finally the carbon emission data of each subentry construction activity is calculated in real time and analyzed and displayed. According to the method, carbon emission calculation is considered as a whole, the carbon emission of the whole project is explored from overall resource input and output, detailed analysis of internal process links is avoided, the problem of determining the internal boundary of the project for multiple times and the influence of construction uncertainty are avoided, and the construction efficiency is improved. And moreover, the calculation boundary is clear, the calculation process is simple, the calculation result precision is very high, and the method has relatively high operability and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction carbon emission calculation, and in particular to a high-precision building construction carbon emission real-time measurement method and system. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are three main methods for measuring carbon emissions from construction activities: accounting based on the IPCC inventory method, accounting based on the life cycle, and accounting based on input-output analysis. Regardless of which analysis method is based on the carbon footprint theory, by splitting the construction activities, and then calculating the consumption of each sub-item according to the product of the emission coefficient and the consumption of the construction activities, the total carbon emissions of the building are finally obtained.

[0003] For emission coefficients, process-based carbon emission analysis can directly obtain carbon emission factors by querying national or provincial standards and specifications according to the classification of construction activities. Input-output analysis can obtain carbon emission coefficients by multiplying the average carbon emission intensity of relevant sub-industries / sectors by the unit price of materials.

[0004] As for consumption, since the information on consumption during the construction phase is redundant and has great uncertainty, the current measurement is mainly completed during the project design phase. By combining the design drawings with the construction organization design to extract the required resource input, a static estimate of carbon emissions is achieved. On the one hand, this method can only understand the overall carbon emissions of the entire construction project, and cannot obtain the relationship and trend between carbon emissions and time during the construction process; on the other hand, since this method needs to determine the calculation boundaries of many links, it is easy to have repeated calculations or omissions that lead to inaccurate measurement, resulting in a large discrepancy between the measurement results and the actual carbon emissions. For example, the existing patent is a method and system for calculating carbon emissions in construction projects (application number: CN202410204816.X). The method comprises the following steps: monitoring and collecting data on the construction process to obtain data on the use of construction materials, operation information data of construction equipment and machinery, energy consumption data of construction projects, and information data on the transportation area of ​​construction materials; performing carbon emission analysis and carbon emission fusion calculation based on the data on the use of construction materials, operation information data of construction equipment and machinery, energy consumption data of construction projects, and information data on the transportation area of ​​construction materials to obtain carbon emission data of construction projects; using visualization technology to perform real-time visualization processing on the carbon emission data of construction projects to obtain a real-time curve chart of carbon emission of construction projects. Therefore, what needs to be solved urgently is the acquisition of real-time consumption data of each sub-item of construction activities. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0006] In order to solve the problem that when calculating carbon emissions in construction, carbon emissions cannot be obtained in real time and the calculation boundaries need to be determined, repeated calculations or missing items are prone to occur, resulting in large discrepancies between the measurement results and the actual carbon emissions.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0008] The present invention provides a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S100, data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, data collection of mechanical activities and data collection of personnel activities. The corresponding data is obtained through intelligent floor scales, trajectory tracking devices, intelligent commanders or exhaust sensors, current sensors, face recognition systems and intelligent helmets and uploaded to the system, which then performs classification and statistics;

[0010] S200, real-time carbon emission measurement is performed according to the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of mechanical activities and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities. For commonly used construction activity categories, the corresponding carbon emission factors are automatically called and the corresponding carbon emissions are calculated according to the construction activity consumption data uploaded in real time by the Internet of Things; for uncommon construction activity categories, the system collects the carbon emission intensity data of various domestic industrial sectors calculated based on the input-output method, and obtains the carbon emission factor of the construction activity in combination with the corresponding construction activity unit price;

[0011] S300, the data collected in real time in step S100 is measured and updated in real time in the system according to the real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200, and the measurement and classification are performed according to emissions, real-time emission intensity, time period and custom classification according to decision-making needs.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S100, it includes:

[0013] S110, data collection of material production, all building materials input and output of the entire project are identified through the intelligent scale and uploaded to the system in real time. The system classifies and counts the information uploaded by the intelligent scale according to the name of the building materials, the type of building materials, the weight of the building materials, and the area where the materials are used;

[0014] Data collection of material transportation: the trajectory of the transported goods is tracked by the track tracking device and uploaded to the system in real time. The system classifies and compiles the cargo transportation information according to the transportation interval, transportation trajectory, transportation mileage, average speed, transportation time, transportation equipment type, rated load, and actual load information;

[0015] S120. Data collection of mechanical activities includes the collection of oil and electricity energy consumption data. For oil, the energy consumption data of unified oil supply is uploaded to the system by the intelligent floor scale, and the equipment with non-unified oil supply uses the intelligent mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor to upload the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system classifies and counts the equipment name, equipment type, working time, idle time, downtime, work efficiency, and energy consumption information; for electricity consumption, all the power resource information of the input project is uploaded to the system through the current sensor, and the system classifies and counts the monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily power consumption, and cumulative power consumption information;

[0016] S130: Data collection of personnel activities: The information of personnel participating in the construction every day is uploaded to the system through the face recognition system and smart safety helmets. The system classifies and counts the information according to the collection date, personnel category, work type category, working hours, off-duty time, and working hours.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S200, it includes:

[0018] S210, the system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100, so as to meet the carbon emission measurement requirements of various types of construction activities;

[0019] S220, Carbon emissions measurement for material production and transportation, including:

[0020] The total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials are calculated as follows:

[0021] C cl =C sc +C ys (1)

[0022] Among them, C cl Represents the total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; C sc Represents the carbon emission value of the material, that is, the carbon emission value generated during the production stage of building materials; C ys Represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials;

[0023] S230, calculation of carbon emissions from mechanical activities, calculation of carbon emissions from construction machinery from the fuel and electricity consumption of various types of construction machinery and equipment used in the construction process, including equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment with non-unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment;

[0024] S240, Calculation of carbon emissions from artificial activities. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from artificial activities is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] Among them, C rg Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; represents the construction duration of construction type j on the i-th day collected through monitoring; α j Represents the CO2 emission factor from human activities.

[0027] Furthermore, in step S220, it includes:

[0028] S221. Carbon emissions generated during the material production phase, taking into account the use loss, recycling and amortization of building materials;

[0029] The carbon emissions from material production are measured using the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] in, Represents the total input quantity of building material i of the project measured by the intelligent weighbridge; Represents the amount of recycled residual material of the building material i of the project measured by the intelligent floor scale; Represents the amount of recycled waste of the project's building material i measured by the smart weighbridge; represents the CO2 emission factor of building material i; r j represents the turnover number of building material i, where building material i includes main material or turnover material;

[0032] Where:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] in, It represents the deadweight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the mth transportation when the building material i is input into the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the building material i measured by the intelligent floor scale when it is input into the project during the mth transportation; It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the nth transportation when the remaining building material i is exported to the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the i-th transportation of the remaining building material measured by the intelligent floor scale when the building material is exported to the project; It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the vth transportation when the building material i waste is exported from the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the construction material i waste during the vth transportation when it is exported from the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale;

[0036] Therefore, the calculation formula for the recovery rate and loss rate of the building materials of this project is:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, ω i represents the recycling rate of the building material i of the project, including the recycling of residual materials and waste materials; L i Represents the loss rate of building material i of the project; Represents the design usage of building material i for the project, obtained through design drawings or BIM models;

[0039] S222. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation stage are measured by considering factors that have a significant impact on the carbon emissions from material transportation, such as the number of transportations, volume impact, load fluctuation, empty truck returns, transportation routes, and transportation distance. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation stage are measured using the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery loading goods to the project site; represents the carbon emission value generated by the empty transport machinery returning from the project site; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the empty transport machinery;

[0042] represents the weight of the building material during the mth transportation when the building material i is measured by the intelligent floor scale and entered into the project; q im represents the rated load of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i; represents the load factor of building material i during the mth transportation; D im represents the transportation distance of building material i during the mth transportation; Represents the CO2 emission factor of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i.

[0043] Furthermore, in step S230, it includes:

[0044] S231. Carbon emissions from machinery that supplies fuel in a unified manner are measured by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that is uniformly supplied with fuel; represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; represents the CO2 emission factor of energy source j;

[0047] S232. The energy consumption of each machine equipment in one shift is monitored by the machine commander for construction machines with different fuel supply. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] T m =t m / 8 (14)

[0050] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that does not have a unified supply of fuel; n m Represents the number of construction machines m; represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; T m represents the number of work shifts of construction machinery m; t m represents the working time of the construction machine m monitored by the machine commander;

[0051] S233. Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by electric construction machinery; EC k represents the power consumption data obtained by the kth power monitoring point; α 电 Represents the CO2 emission factor for electricity at the project location.

[0054] Furthermore, in formula (3), the r of the main material is j The value is 1, and the turnover material is taken according to the standard specifications.

[0055] Furthermore, in formula (9) and formula (10), β is set to 0.6.

[0056] A high-precision real-time measurement system for carbon emissions from construction, the system has a program module corresponding to the above steps, and executes the steps in the above-mentioned high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction when running.

[0057] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction when called by a processor.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0059] (1) Improving the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Construction carbon emissions can be divided into necessary carbon emissions and non-essential carbon emissions according to their variability. Necessary carbon emissions are generated by resource consumption determined by the theoretical design of the building. Variable carbon emissions will fluctuate within a certain range due to the uncertainty of construction, depending on factors such as management level, process method, and work efficiency. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in the present invention can accurately measure variable carbon emissions and provide data support and strategy analysis for energy conservation and emission reduction in construction.

[0060] (2) Improve the data composition of construction carbon emission measurement. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in the present invention not only collects data such as resource consumption time and construction process when collecting resource consumption data, but also can fully reflect the dynamic generation process and change trend of construction carbon emissions, and then focus on and conduct detailed analysis on construction links with high emission intensity and large data fluctuations. According to the analysis results, corresponding management measures can be formulated to intervene, so as to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0061] (3) Assisting construction management decision-making. The essence of various energy-saving and emission-reduction measures during the construction process is to optimize resource allocation and reduce unnecessary resource consumption, thereby achieving the goal of reducing carbon emissions. The essence of construction management is to improve resource allocation efficiency through various management means, and ultimately maximize the comprehensive benefits of multiple objectives such as progress, cost, safety, and quality of on-site construction. Therefore, there is a very strong correlation between construction management and carbon emission management. The present invention uses high-precision dynamic carbon emission measurement to provide accurate and reliable carbon emission data for construction management, providing new perspectives, new data, and new methods for construction management decision-making, thereby maximizing resource allocation efficiency.

[0062] (4) Optimize the construction carbon emission measurement method. The carbon emission measurement method proposed in the present invention integrates carbon emission measurement with on-site construction management, and measures the input and output of construction projects as a whole. The deployment is fast and concise, which solves the thorny problem of difficult division of measurement boundaries, greatly reduces the difficulty of construction carbon emission measurement, and greatly improves the accuracy of carbon emission measurement. Through the promotion and application of this method, it is possible to improve the carbon emission accounting mechanism of construction projects / enterprises, promote the construction of a unified and standardized construction carbon emission measurement system, and provide a large amount of reliable data support and a consistent standard analysis basis for the formulation of energy-saving and emission reduction standards in the construction industry, thereby solidly advancing the "dual carbon" process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and "third" mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0065] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] Specific implementation plan 1: Combine Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S100. Data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, data collection of mechanical activities and data collection of personnel activities, specifically including:

[0068] S110, the data collection of material production is to identify all the building materials input and output of the entire project through the intelligent floor scale and upload them to the system in real time. The floor scale data collected by the system includes the name, category, quantity, and use area information of each incoming building material collected by the intelligent floor scale. After all the above information is collected and stored, the building material incoming information can be classified and counted according to the name, category, and use area, which is used to realize classified display and classified measurement, thereby realizing the analysis function of the system;

[0069] The data collection of material transportation is carried out by tracking the trajectory of the transported goods through the small program on the mobile terminal and uploading it in real time. The system collects and stores all the information on the transport range, transport trajectory, transport mileage, average speed, transport duration, type of transport equipment, rated load, and actual load collected by the small program on the mobile terminal, and can classify and count the transport record information according to the type of transport equipment, transport range, and average speed;

[0070] S120, the data of the mechanical activities include the collection of oil and electric energy consumption data. For oil, the energy consumption data of the unified supply of oil is uploaded to the system by the intelligent scale, and the project oil input data is uploaded to the system by the intelligent scale. The equipment with non-unified oil supply adopts the intelligent mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor to upload the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system collects and stores all the equipment names, equipment types, working hours, idle time, downtime, work efficiency, and energy consumption information of the collected oil-consuming equipment, and can classify and count the equipment activity information according to the equipment name, equipment type, and working hours; the electric power consumption uploads all the electric power resource information of the input project to the system through the current sensor, and the system collects and stores all the monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily power consumption, and cumulative power consumption information collected by the power sensor, and can classify and count the daily, weekly, monthly and cumulative power consumption;

[0071] The intelligent mechanical commander comes from Shenzhen Annosheng Technology Co., Ltd., and can also be called an intelligent vehicle fuel consumption monitor;

[0072] S130, the data collection of personnel activities uploads the information of personnel participating in the construction every day to the system through face recognition and smart safety helmets. The system collects and stores all the information on collection date, personnel category, type of work, working hours, off-duty time, and working hours, and can classify and count according to the collection period, personnel category, and type of work;

[0073] S200: Real-time carbon emission measurement is performed based on the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of mechanical activities, and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities, specifically including:

[0074] S210. The system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100 to meet the carbon emission measurement needs of various types of construction activities; for commonly used construction activity categories, the corresponding carbon emission factors are automatically called according to the construction activity consumption data uploaded in real time by the Internet of Things; for uncommon construction activity categories, the system includes the carbon emission intensity data of various domestic industrial sectors calculated based on the input-output method, and the carbon emission factor of the construction activity can be obtained by combining the corresponding unit price of the construction activity;

[0075] The networking mainly completes the 5G transmission of information from various collection instruments to the analysis platform, including the collection instruments involved in step S100 and step S210, edge computing nodes (5G bridges, responsible for data forwarding from the collection data to the analysis platform), 5G gateways (used to send and receive platform data information) and servers (locally deployed or cloud deployed, carrying the analysis platform);

[0076] S220, Carbon emissions measurement for material production and transportation, including:

[0077] The total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials are calculated as follows:

[0078] C cl =C sc +C ys (1-1)

[0079] Among them, C cl Represents the total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; C sc Represents the carbon emission value of the material, that is, the carbon emission value generated during the production stage of building materials; C ys Represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials;

[0080] S221. The carbon emission measurement generated in the material production stage is essentially obtained by accurately measuring the amount of all building materials used in the project construction and multiplying it by the corresponding carbon emission factor. In order to ensure high-precision measurement of the amount of construction materials used, the present invention takes into account the loss of building materials, recycling and amortization of turnover of building materials;

[0081] The carbon emissions from material production are measured using the following formula:

[0082]

[0083] in, Represents the total input quantity of the building material i (main material or turnover material) of the project measured by the intelligent floor scale; Represents the amount of recycled residual material of the project's building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the intelligent floor scale;

[0084] Represents the amount of recycled waste of the project's building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the smart weighbridge; Represents the CO2 emission factor of building material i (main material or turnover material) (KgCO2 / m 3 , KgCO2 / t); r j Represents the turnover number of building material i, where the main material takes 1 and the turnover material takes values ​​according to standard specifications;

[0085] Where:

[0086]

[0087] in, It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the mth transportation when the building material i (main material or turnover material) is input into the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the intelligent floor scale when it is input into the project during the mth transportation; Represents the building measured by the smart scale

[0088] When the remaining material i (main material or turnover material) is exported to the project, the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the nth transportation; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the nth transportation of the remaining building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the intelligent floor scale when it is exported to the project; It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the vth transportation when the waste of building material i (main material or turnover material) is exported from the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the construction material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the intelligent floor scale when the waste is exported from the project at the vth transportation;

[0089] The standard specification refers to the National Unified Construction Engineering Basic Quota Compilation Instructions (Civil Engineering)

[0090] Therefore, the calculation formula for the recovery rate and loss rate of the building materials of this project is:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, ω i Represents the recycling rate of the building material i (main material or turnover material) of the project, including the recycling of residual materials and waste materials; L i Represents the loss rate of the building material i (main material or turnover material) of the project; Represents the design usage of the building material i (main material or turnover material) of the project, which can be obtained through design drawings or BIM models;

[0093] S222. The carbon emission measurement generated during the material transportation stage is essentially obtained by measuring the energy consumption of the transport machinery during the transportation process and multiplying it by the corresponding carbon emission factor. In order to ensure high-precision measurement of the energy consumption of the transport machinery, the present invention considers factors that have a greater impact on the carbon emission of material transportation, such as the number of transports, volume impact, load fluctuation, empty vehicle return, transport route, and transport distance;

[0094] Therefore, the carbon emissions generated during the material transportation phase are measured using the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery loading goods to the project site; represents the carbon emission value generated by the empty transport machinery on its way back from the project site; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the empty transport machinery. According to experience, the energy consumption of empty machinery under the same working conditions is usually 60% of that of full load, so the value of this method is 0.6; represents the weight of the building material i (main material or turnover material) measured by the intelligent floor scale when it is input into the project at the time of the mth transportation; q im Represents the rated load of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i (main material or turnover material); Represents the load factor of building material i (main material or turnover material) during the mth transportation; D im Represents the transportation distance of building material i (main material or turnover material) during the mth transportation; Represents the CO2 emission factor of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i (main material or turnover material) (KgCO2 / (t·km));

[0097] S230, calculation of carbon emissions from mechanical activities. The carbon emissions generated by construction machinery mainly come from the fuel and electricity consumption of various types of construction machinery and equipment used in the construction process. All construction machinery is divided into three categories: equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment with non-unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment.

[0098] S231. Carbon emissions from machinery that supplies fuel in a unified manner are measured by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that is uniformly supplied with fuel; represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; represents the CO2 emission factor of energy j (KgCO2 / kg);

[0101] S232. The construction machinery with different fuel supply monitors the energy consumption of each mechanical equipment in one shift through the mechanical commander, so as to calculate the total energy consumption of these equipments and then calculate the corresponding carbon emissions. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0102]

[0103] T m =t m / 8(1-13)

[0104] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that does not have a unified supply of fuel; n m Represents the number of construction machines m; represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; T m represents the number of work shifts of construction machinery m; t m represents the working time of the construction machine m monitored by the machine commander;

[0105] The mechanical efficiency of a unit of machinery in one working shift (8 hours), that is, eight hours of machine work is one shift;

[0106] S233. Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0107]

[0108] in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by electric construction machinery; EC k represents the power consumption data (kW·h) obtained by the kth power monitoring point; α 电 The CO2 emission factor of electricity for the project location (KgCO2 / (kW·h));

[0109] S240. Carbon emissions from manual activities are calculated by comprehensively considering the labor intensity of different types of work and the actual number of working days. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from manual activities is as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, C rg Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; represents the construction duration (h) of construction type j on the i-th day collected through monitoring; α j Represents the CO2 emission factor of artificial activities (KgCO2 / man-day);

[0112] S300, measure and display the data collected in real time in step S100 according to the real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200 in the system in real time, and measure and display the data by emissions, real-time emission intensity, time period and custom classification according to decision-making needs, so as to help decision-makers understand the project operation status and make relevant decisions.

[0113] Specific implementation scheme 2: The present invention provides a high-precision real-time measurement system for carbon emissions from construction. The system has a program module corresponding to the above steps, and executes the steps in the above-mentioned high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction during operation.

[0114] The other combinations and connection relationships of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

[0115] Specific implementation scheme three: The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the computer program is configured to perform the steps of a high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction when called by a processor.

[0116] The other combinations and connection relationships of this embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.

[0117] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, data collection of construction activity consumption, including data collection of material production and transportation, data collection of mechanical activities and data collection of personnel activities. The corresponding data is obtained through intelligent floor scales, trajectory tracking devices, intelligent commanders or exhaust sensors, current sensors, face recognition systems and intelligent helmets and uploaded to the system, which then performs classification and statistics; S200, real-time carbon emission measurement is performed according to the construction activity consumption data collected in step S100, including carbon emission measurement of material production and transportation, carbon emission measurement of mechanical activities and carbon emission measurement of personnel activities. For commonly used construction activity categories, the corresponding carbon emission factors are automatically called and the corresponding carbon emissions are calculated according to the construction activity consumption data uploaded in real time by the Internet of Things; for uncommon construction activity categories, the system collects the carbon emission intensity data of various domestic industrial sectors calculated based on the input-output method, and obtains the carbon emission factor of the construction activity in combination with the corresponding construction activity unit price; S300, the data collected in real time in step S100 is measured and updated in real time in the system according to the real-time carbon emissions calculated in step S200, and the measurement and classification are performed according to emissions, real-time emission intensity, time period and custom classification according to decision-making needs.

2. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S100, it includes: S110, data collection of material production, all building materials input and output of the entire project are identified through the intelligent scale and uploaded to the system in real time. The system classifies and counts the information uploaded by the intelligent scale according to the name of the building materials, the type of building materials, the weight of the building materials, and the area where the materials are used; Data collection of material transportation: the trajectory of the transported goods is tracked by the track tracking device and uploaded to the system in real time. The system classifies and compiles the cargo transportation information according to the transportation interval, transportation trajectory, transportation mileage, average speed, transportation time, transportation equipment type, rated load, and actual load information; S120. Data collection of mechanical activities includes the collection of oil and electricity energy consumption data. For oil, the energy consumption data of unified oil supply is uploaded to the system by the intelligent floor scale, and the equipment with non-unified oil supply uses the intelligent mechanical commander or exhaust gas sensor to upload the mechanical operation data and energy consumption data to the system. The system classifies and counts the equipment name, equipment type, working time, idle time, downtime, work efficiency, and energy consumption information; for electricity consumption, all the power resource information of the input project is uploaded to the system through the current sensor, and the system classifies and counts the monitoring date, real-time current, real-time voltage, daily power consumption, and cumulative power consumption information; S130: Data collection of personnel activities: The information of personnel participating in the construction every day is uploaded to the system through the face recognition system and smart safety helmets. The system classifies and counts the information according to the collection date, personnel category, work type category, working hours, off-duty time, and working hours.

3. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S200, it includes: S210, the system establishes a multi-scale carbon emission database based on the data collected in step S100, so as to meet the carbon emission measurement requirements of various types of construction activities; S220, Carbon emissions measurement for material production and transportation, including: The total carbon emissions generated during the production and transportation of building materials are calculated as follows: C cl =C sc +C ys (1) Among them, C cl Represents the total carbon emissions generated during the material production and transportation stages; C sc Represents the carbon emission value of the material, that is, the carbon emission value generated during the production stage of building materials; C ys Represents the carbon emissions generated during the transportation of building materials; S230, calculation of carbon emissions from mechanical activities, calculation of carbon emissions from construction machinery from the fuel and electricity consumption of various types of construction machinery and equipment used in the construction process, including equipment with unified fuel supply, equipment with non-unified fuel supply, and electrical equipment; S240, Calculation of carbon emissions from artificial activities. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from artificial activities is as follows: Among them, C rg Represents the carbon emissions generated by human activities; represents the construction duration of construction type j on the i-th day collected through monitoring; α j Represents the CO2 emission factor from human activities.

4. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S220, it includes: S221. Carbon emissions generated during the material production phase, taking into account the use loss, recycling and amortization of building materials; The carbon emissions from material production are measured using the following formula: in, Represents the total input quantity of building material i of the project measured by the intelligent weighbridge; Represents the amount of recycled residual material of the building material i of the project measured by the intelligent floor scale; Represents the amount of recycled waste of the project's building material i measured by the smart weighbridge; represents the CO2 emission factor of building material i; r j represents the turnover number of building material i, where building material i includes main material or turnover material; Where: in, It represents the deadweight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the mth transportation when the building material i is input into the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the building material i measured by the intelligent floor scale when it is input into the project during the mth transportation; It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the nth transportation when the remaining building material i is exported to the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the i-th transportation of the remaining building material measured by the intelligent floor scale when the building material is exported to the project; It represents the weight of the machine and the weight of the loaded building materials during the vth transportation when the building material i waste is exported from the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; It represents the mechanical deadweight of the construction material i waste during the vth transportation when it is exported from the project as measured by the intelligent floor scale; Therefore, the calculation formula for the recovery rate and loss rate of the building materials of this project is: Among them, ω i represents the recycling rate of the building material i of the project, including the recycling of residual materials and waste materials; L i Represents the loss rate of building material i of the project; Represents the design usage of building material i for the project, obtained through design drawings or BIM models; S222. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation stage are measured by considering factors that have a significant impact on the carbon emissions from material transportation, such as the number of transportations, volume impact, load fluctuation, empty truck returns, transportation routes, and transportation distance. Carbon emissions generated during the material transportation stage are measured using the following formula: in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by the transport machinery loading goods to the project site; represents the carbon emission value generated by the empty transport machinery returning from the project site; β represents the energy consumption reduction coefficient of the empty transport machinery; represents the weight of the building material during the mth transportation when the building material i is measured by the intelligent floor scale and entered into the project; q im represents the rated load of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i; represents the load factor of building material i during the mth transportation; D im represents the transportation distance of building material i during the mth transportation; Represents the CO2 emission factor of the transport machinery used for the mth transport of building material i.

5. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S230, it includes: S231. Carbon emissions from machinery that supplies fuel in a unified manner are measured by measuring the fuel consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows: in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that is uniformly supplied with fuel; represents the amount of energy j consumed by the i-th unified oil supply point; represents the CO2 emission factor of energy source j; S232. The energy consumption of each machine equipment in one shift is monitored by the machine commander for construction machines with different fuel supply. The calculation formula is as follows: T m =t m / 8 (14) in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by construction machinery that does not have a unified supply of fuel; n m represents the number of construction machines m; represents the amount of energy j consumed by construction machinery m per work shift; T m represents the number of work shifts of construction machinery m; t m represents the working time of the construction machine m monitored by the machine commander; S233. Carbon emissions from electric construction machinery are obtained by measuring the electrical energy consumption of the machinery. The calculation formula is as follows: in, Represents the carbon emissions generated by electric construction machinery; EC k represents the power consumption data obtained by the kth power monitoring point; α 电 Represents the CO2 emission factor for electricity at the project location.

6. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: In formula (3), the r of the main material j The value is 1, and the turnover material is taken according to the standard specifications.

7. A high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: In formula (9) and formula (10), β is set to 0.

6.

8. A high-precision real-time measurement system for carbon emissions from construction, characterized by: The system has a program module corresponding to the steps of any one of claims 1 to 7 above, and executes the steps in the above-mentioned high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction when running.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the high-precision real-time measurement method for carbon emissions from construction described in any one of claims 1 to 7 when called by a processor.

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