Power distribution network switch state sensing and analyzing method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power distribution network state analysis and prevention, and relates to a power distribution network switch state sensing and analyzing method. Comprising the following steps: a power distribution network switch state sensing system based on multi-source information fusion realizes fusion and mutual correction of switch displacement information, public and special transformer power failure signals, public and special transformers and low-voltage user measurement curve interrogation signal sources, constructs a power grid topology segmentation model, and realizes distribution network switch state sensing; the power distribution automation switch telemetering module measures, collects and transmits the switch state and electrical parameters in the power distribution network in real time through remote measurement and monitoring. The multi-source information fusion power distribution network switch state sensing system is used for solving the problems that the automation level of current switch equipment is limited, multi-source electric appliance data conflicts, telemetry information false alarm is easily caused, and power distribution network equipment sensing data is inaccurate. Fusion and mutual correction of switch displacement information, public and special transformer power failure signals, public and special transformers and low-voltage user measurement curve interrogation signal sources are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of distribution network status analysis and prevention, and in particular relates to a distribution network switch status perception and analysis method. Background Art

[0002] Distribution automation is an important technical means to ensure the safe, reliable and economical operation of the distribution network. It is also an essential foundation for the intelligent operation and control of the distribution network. The accuracy of the remote signal of the distribution automation switch is an important indicator for the practical application of the distribution automation system. Whether the remote signal action of the automation terminal can be truly and accurately collected, displayed and recorded determines whether the distribution automation can accurately and timely judge the fault interval and isolate the fault. Therefore, reducing the false alarm and missed alarm of the remote signal information and strengthening the reliability of the remote signal information are of great significance for the stable operation and fault analysis of the distribution network. With the current construction of distribution automation and the implementation and promotion of related systems, the automation coverage rate has been greatly improved. At present, the domestic line automation coverage rate has reached 97.12%, and the three remote terminals account for 76.46%. However, the realization of feeder automation is based on optical fiber communication and wireless communication. Affected by the quality of the automation terminal and the communication signal, there will be false alarms and missed alarms of the switch position change signal; in some areas, the line automation terminal is insufficient, the proportion of the three remote terminals is not high, and a large number of non-automatic switch position change states are difficult to perceive, which is difficult to meet the development requirements of the modern smart distribution network that is observable, measurable and controllable. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a distribution network switch state perception and analysis method for obtaining the topological relationship and state information of distribution network switches in combination with actual needs, so as to provide data support for distribution network automation.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0005] A distribution network switch state perception and analysis method, including the following contents: a distribution network switch state perception system based on multi-source information fusion, realizing the fusion and mutual calibration of switch position information, public-private transformer power outage signals, public-private transformer and low-voltage user measurement curve call signal sources, building a power grid topology segmentation model, realizing distribution network switch state perception, and solving the information missing problem caused by insufficient distribution network information perception ability; the distribution network switch state perception system includes a distribution automation switch telemetry module, a distribution network line switch topology module, and a multi-source system data mutual calibration module;

[0006] The distribution automation switch telemetry module uses remote measurement and monitoring to measure, collect and transmit the switch status and electrical parameters in the distribution network in real time, realizing remote monitoring, fault diagnosis and intelligent control of the distribution network status; specifically including:

[0007] A remote switch status monitoring component, which uses telemetry technology to monitor the status of each switch in the distribution network in real time, including closing, opening, and position status information, to achieve remote monitoring and real-time perception of switch operations;

[0008] An electrical parameter measurement component, which is used to remotely measure and collect current and voltage parameters in the distribution network, obtain the real-time working status of the power grid, and provide data support for load analysis and optimal scheduling of the power grid;

[0009] A fault diagnosis and location component, which diagnoses and locates power grid faults by analyzing telemetry data, so as to facilitate handling of power grid faults and improve the reliability and availability of the power grid;

[0010] A remote control and operation component, which realizes remote control and operation of switchgear in the distribution network based on telemetry technology, including remote closing and opening operations, for realizing the intelligence and automation of the power grid;

[0011] A data transmission and processing component, which uses the Internet of Things and cloud computing data transmission and processing technology to achieve real-time transmission and storage of telemetry data, and provide data for distribution network data analysis and decision-making;

[0012] The distribution network line switch topology module obtains the topological relationship between power grid devices and the change information of the current path caused by the change of switch operation by establishing the switch connection topology structure based on the single-line diagram;

[0013] The switch connection topology structure includes switch node labels for characterizing the functions and positions of load switches, main switches, and branch switches; the connection relationship of each device in the power grid represented by a straight line or curve, and the transmission path of the current represented by a line segment connection; it also includes a switch status label for indicating the opening and closing status of each switch in the single-line diagram; and a device information label for indicating the rated parameters, model, installation location and other information of each device;

[0014] The multi-source system data mutual verification module compares the switch status information and power outage status information obtained from different information sources to improve information accuracy and system reliability; specifically, it includes:

[0015] The consistency check component obtains switch status information and power outage status information through multiple sensors or devices configured in the power distribution network, and compares the multi-source information with each other. By comparing the information obtained by different sensors or devices, it determines abnormal or inconsistent information and locates possible faults or errors. It uses data fusion technology to integrate and check information from different sources, and uses consistency check algorithms to verify multi-source information to improve the consistency and accuracy of information.

[0016] The measurement data analysis component establishes a real-time monitoring system and saves historical data, compares the results in real time, and analyzes historical data; through the analysis of historical data, potential problems and patterns can be discovered, providing a basis for system optimization and improvement.

[0017] By comprehensively utilizing the method of multi-source information mutual verification, the distribution automation system can improve the accuracy of switch telesignaling and power outage information, reduce the risk of system misoperation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0018] Algorithm and fault diagnosis components use consistency verification algorithms, intelligent algorithms and fault diagnosis technologies to analyze the compared information, identify possible faults or abnormal conditions, determine the accuracy of the information, and improve the system's automation level and responsiveness.

[0019] Further improvement or specific implementation of the above-mentioned distribution network switch state perception and analysis method, the consistency check includes:

[0020] A. Automatic switch position change reporting signal verification

[0021] For the reported automatic switch signal, the accuracy of the switch signal is first determined by the measured current and power information of the switch, the measurement curve of the public and special variables in the section, and whether there is a connection in the section; for sections without connection, if the automatic switch reports the position signal, but there is no power failure of the distribution transformer in the section, it is determined to be a false alarm signal; if there is a breakpoint in the distribution transformer measurement curve, if there is no active report of low-voltage power outage, then the load change of the upstream automatic switch is used to deduce whether there is a real power outage; for sections with connection, including the reported signal of the section, the signal that the connection is not reported, and the section distribution transformer has not lost power, the position signal and the measured value of the connecting switch, as well as the similarity of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the connection are combined to determine whether the connection is in operation but the connecting switch signal is missed, and the false alarm and missed alarm of the section automation switch and the connecting switch signal are deduced;

[0022] B. Automatic switch status verification

[0023] For the contradictory and mutually exclusive data between the telesignaling section status and telemetering information of the automatic switch every 5 minutes, self-check analysis of the switch status is carried out; deduction and analysis are carried out through the automatic switch status of the upstream and downstream of the line topology, and the voltage measurement information of the distribution transformers in the upstream and downstream topology sections. If necessary, the state of the interconnecting switch is determined by the similarity of the measurement curves to identify erroneous information of telesignaling or telemetering.

[0024] A further improvement or specific implementation of the above-mentioned distribution network switch state perception and analysis method is to calculate the similarity of the switch connection topology structure, including the following steps:

[0025] Stp1, collect GIS data and voltage data, and preliminarily determine the switch topology connection relationship based on the relative position relationship between users and distribution transformers in the GIS information;

[0026] Stp2. Determine whether the user and the area where they are located are in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, determine the switch connection topology relationship of the non-overlapping area, and for the user in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, calculate the similarity of the user voltage in the overlapping area and the distribution transformer voltage in the adjacent area, and compare whether the similarity index reaches the similarity index threshold. If the similarity index threshold is reached, further determine the topological relationship between the user and the distribution transformer of the substation. If the similarity index threshold is not reached, further analysis and comparison are performed;

[0027] Stp3. Continuously monitor the voltage of users in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer and the voltage of the distribution transformer in the area, calculate their correlation, analyze the change rate of the correlation index, and if the change rate exceeds the preset threshold, re-analyze and calculate the similarity between the user and the regional distribution transformer voltage, and confirm or update the topological relationship of the user's distribution transformer in the area.

[0028] Further improvement or specific implementation of the above-mentioned distribution network switch state perception and analysis method, the switch connection topology structure is used for the following identification work:

[0029] A. Non-automatic segment / branch switch position identification, specifically refers to the triggering of the measurement curve call and real-time voltage reading of the line public and private transformers based on the active reporting signal of the user terminal / TTU / low-voltage meter, combined with the position information of the automatic switch, load changes, and line segment topology, to complete the judgment of the power outage range of the medium-voltage line, and determine the power outage event belonging to the non-automatic switch segment in the judgment result, and then determine the position action of the non-automatic switch;

[0030] B. Non-automatic tie switch position change identification, specifically refers to triggering the start of the analysis and judgment through the load change of the terminal automatic switch segment connected by the lines on both sides of the non-automatic tie switch, that is, the load of one side segment decreases, and the load on the other side increases, and the amplitude is close. The non-automatic tie switch closing action is determined by the similarity change of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the tie switch;

[0031] C. Identification of the bus tie switch position change in the dual-power distribution room, specifically refers to determining the bus tie switch position change information in the dual-power distribution room through the similarity changes of the daily measurement curves of the busbar and distribution transformer of the substation to which the line belongs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a functional schematic diagram of a distribution network switch state perception and analysis method and system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] The present invention relates to a distribution network switch state perception and analysis method, which is mainly used to solve the problems of limited automation level of current switch equipment, conflict of multi-source electrical appliance data, easy to cause false alarm of telemetry information, inaccurate distribution network equipment perception data, etc., through a distribution network switch state perception system with multi-source information fusion, the fusion and mutual calibration of switch position information, public-private transformer power outage signal, public-private transformer and low-voltage user measurement curve call signal source, the construction and update of power grid topology segmentation model, etc., to achieve accurate perception of distribution network switch state, and solve the problem of information loss caused by insufficient distribution network information perception ability;

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the distribution network switch state perception system of the present invention mainly includes a distribution automation switch telemetry module, a distribution network line switch topology module, and a multi-source system data mutual calibration module;

[0036] Among them, the distribution automation switch telemetry module uses remote measurement and monitoring to measure, collect and transmit the switch status and electrical parameters in the distribution network in real time, realizing remote monitoring, fault diagnosis and intelligent control of the distribution network status; specifically including:

[0037] A remote switch status monitoring component, which uses telemetry technology to monitor the status of each switch in the distribution network in real time, including closing, opening, and position status information, to achieve remote monitoring and real-time perception of switch operations;

[0038] An electrical parameter measurement component, which is used to remotely measure and collect current and voltage parameters in the distribution network, obtain the real-time working status of the power grid, and provide data support for load analysis and optimal scheduling of the power grid;

[0039] A fault diagnosis and location component, which diagnoses and locates power grid faults by analyzing telemetry data, so as to facilitate handling of power grid faults and improve the reliability and availability of the power grid;

[0040] A remote control and operation component, which realizes remote control and operation of switchgear in the distribution network based on telemetry technology, including remote closing and opening operations, for realizing the intelligence and automation of the power grid;

[0041] A data transmission and processing component, which uses the Internet of Things and cloud computing data transmission and processing technology to achieve real-time transmission and storage of telemetry data, and provide data for distribution network data analysis and decision-making;

[0042] The distribution network line switch topology module obtains the topological relationship between power grid devices and the change information of the current path caused by the change of switch operation by establishing the switch connection topology structure based on the single-line diagram;

[0043] The switch connection topology structure includes switch node labels for characterizing the functions and positions of load switches, main switches, and branch switches; the connection relationship of each device in the power grid represented by a straight line or curve, and the transmission path of the current represented by a line segment connection; it also includes a switch status label for indicating the opening and closing status of each switch in the single-line diagram; and a device information label for indicating the rated parameters, model, installation location and other information of each device;

[0044] The switch connection topology is used for the following identification:

[0045] A. Non-automatic segment / branch switch position identification, specifically refers to the triggering of the measurement curve call and real-time voltage reading of the line public and private transformers based on the active reporting signal of the user terminal / TTU / low-voltage meter, combined with the position information of the automatic switch, load changes, and line segment topology, to complete the judgment of the power outage range of the medium-voltage line, and determine the power outage event belonging to the non-automatic switch segment in the judgment result, and then determine the position action of the non-automatic switch;

[0046] B. Non-automatic tie switch position change identification, specifically refers to triggering the start of the analysis and judgment through the load change of the terminal automatic switch segment connected by the lines on both sides of the non-automatic tie switch, that is, the load of one side segment decreases, and the load on the other side increases, and the amplitude is close. The non-automatic tie switch closing action is determined by the similarity change of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the tie switch;

[0047] In the foregoing, the similarity calculation based on the switch connection topology structure includes the following steps:

[0048] Stp1, collect GIS data and voltage data, and preliminarily determine the switch topology connection relationship based on the relative position relationship between users and distribution transformers in the GIS information;

[0049] Stp2. Determine whether the user and the area where they are located are in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, determine the switch connection topology relationship of the non-overlapping area, and for the user in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, calculate the similarity of the user voltage in the overlapping area and the distribution transformer voltage in the adjacent area, and compare whether the similarity index reaches the similarity index threshold. If the similarity index threshold is reached, further determine the topological relationship between the user and the distribution transformer of the substation. If the similarity index threshold is not reached, further analysis and comparison are performed;

[0050] Stp3, continuously monitor the voltage of users in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer and the distribution transformer voltage of the distribution transformer, calculate their correlation, analyze the change rate of the correlation index, and if the change rate exceeds the preset threshold, re-analyze and calculate the similarity between the user and the distribution transformer voltage of the regional distribution transformer, and confirm or update the topological relationship of the user's distribution transformer;

[0051] In particular, the specific implementation can use the Pearson algorithm to calculate the similarity of voltage curves. Compared with other relationship algorithms, the proportional relationship between variables is taken into account, and the linear relationship between them can be described more accurately. For example, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the distribution bus voltage and the transformer voltage is taken to obtain the connection degree between the transformer and the bus. The larger the absolute value of the correlation coefficient, the stronger the correlation; the closer the correlation coefficient is to 0, the weaker the correlation. The voltage curve similarity is used to assist in checking the status of the connecting switch and the bus tie switch in the dual power distribution room.

[0052] C. Identification of bus tie switch position change in dual power distribution room, specifically, determining bus tie switch position change information in dual power distribution room through similarity changes in daily measurement curves of the busbar and distribution transformer of the substation to which the line belongs;

[0053] The multi-source system data mutual verification module compares the switch status information and power outage status information obtained from different information sources to improve information accuracy and system reliability; specifically, it includes:

[0054] The consistency check component obtains switch status information and power outage status information through multiple sensors or devices configured in the power distribution network, and compares the multi-source information with each other. By comparing the information obtained by different sensors or devices, it determines abnormal or inconsistent information and locates possible faults or errors. It uses data fusion technology to integrate and check information from different sources, and uses consistency check algorithms to verify multi-source information to improve the consistency and accuracy of information.

[0055] In this example, the consistency check includes at least the following aspects:

[0056] A. Automatic switch position change reporting signal verification

[0057] Verify the reported automatic switch signal. First, the accuracy of the switch signal is determined by the measured current and power information of the switch, the measurement curve of the public and special variables in the section, and whether there is a connection in the section. For sections without connection, if the automatic switch reports a position signal, but there is no power failure in the distribution transformer in the section, it is determined to be a false alarm signal. If there is a breakpoint in the distribution transformer measurement curve and there is no active report of low-voltage power outage, the load change of the upstream automatic switch is used to deduce whether there is a real power outage. For sections with connection, including section reporting signals, connection non-reporting signals, and no power failure in the section distribution transformer, the position signal and measurement value of the connecting switch, as well as the similarity of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the connection are combined to determine whether the connection is in operation but the connecting switch signal is missed, and the false alarm and missed alarm of the section automation switch and the connecting switch signal are deduced.

[0058] B. Automatic switch status verification

[0059] For the contradictory and mutually exclusive data between the telesignal section status and telemetering information of the automatic switch every 5 minutes, self-check analysis of the switch status is carried out; deduction and analysis are carried out through the status of the automatic switches in the upstream and downstream of the line topology, and the voltage measurement information of the distribution transformers in the upstream and downstream topology sections. When necessary, the state of the interconnection switch is determined by the similarity of the measurement curves, and the error information of telesignaling or telemetering is identified;

[0060] The measurement data analysis component establishes a real-time monitoring system and saves historical data, compares the results in real time, and analyzes historical data. By analyzing historical data, potential problems and patterns can be discovered, providing a basis for system optimization and improvement.

[0061] Based on multi-source measurement signals and the results of switch state deduction, a fault diagnosis and analysis model based on multi-source data fusion is constructed. While improving the proactive perception of all types of distribution networks, the timeliness and accuracy of fault diagnosis are expanded, and the digital auxiliary decision-making of distribution network fault handling is extended. It provides effective technical support for comprehensive scheduling of distribution networks, rapid and accurate response to faults and early warning events, and comprehensively utilizes the method of multi-source information mutual verification. The distribution automation system can improve the accuracy of switch telesignaling and power outage information, reduce the risk of system misoperation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.

[0062] Algorithm and fault diagnosis components use consistency verification algorithms, intelligent algorithms and fault diagnosis technologies to analyze the compared information, identify possible faults or abnormal conditions, determine the accuracy of the information, and improve the system's automation level and responsiveness.

[0063] Based on the above method, it is beneficial to monitor, warn and regulate the irregular operations such as non-automatic switch tripping, private switch pulling, unplanned operator adjustment (non-automatic communication and distribution room bus connection), enhance the accuracy of distribution network switch measurement data, improve the effect of distribution network switch status analysis, optimize the accuracy of automatic fault isolation, reduce the workload of on-site fault troubleshooting and positioning of operation and maintenance personnel, reduce labor costs, facilitate accurate fault positioning and load transfer, thereby reducing the number of households during distribution network power outages, reducing economic losses, and comprehensively improving the reliability of the distribution network.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sensing and analyzing the switch status of a distribution network, characterized in that: The invention includes the following contents: a distribution network switch state perception system based on multi-source information fusion, realizing the fusion and mutual calibration of switch position information, public and private transformer outage signals, public and private transformers and low-voltage user measurement curve call signal sources, constructing a power grid topology segmentation model, realizing distribution network switch state perception, and solving the information missing problem caused by insufficient distribution network information perception ability; the distribution network switch state perception system includes a distribution automation switch telemetry module, a distribution network line switch topology module, and a multi-source system data mutual calibration module; The distribution automation switch telemetry module uses remote measurement and monitoring to measure, collect and transmit the switch status and electrical parameters in the distribution network in real time, realizing remote monitoring, fault diagnosis and intelligent control of the distribution network status; specifically including: A remote switch status monitoring component, which uses telemetry technology to monitor the status of each switch in the distribution network in real time, including closing, opening, and position status information, to achieve remote monitoring and real-time perception of switch operations; An electrical parameter measurement component, which is used to remotely measure and collect current and voltage parameters in the distribution network, obtain the real-time working status of the power grid, and provide data support for load analysis and optimal scheduling of the power grid; A fault diagnosis and location component, which diagnoses and locates power grid faults by analyzing telemetry data, so as to facilitate handling of power grid faults and improve the reliability and availability of the power grid; A remote control and operation component, which realizes remote control and operation of switchgear in the distribution network based on telemetry technology, including remote closing and opening operations, for realizing the intelligence and automation of the power grid; A data transmission and processing component, which uses the Internet of Things and cloud computing data transmission and processing technology to achieve real-time transmission and storage of telemetry data, and provide data for distribution network data analysis and decision-making; The distribution network line switch topology module obtains the topological relationship between power grid devices and the change information of the current path caused by the change of switch operation by establishing the switch connection topology structure based on the single-line diagram; The switch connection topology structure includes switch node labels for characterizing the functions and positions of load switches, main switches, and branch switches; the connection relationship of each device in the power grid represented by a straight line or curve, and the transmission path of the current represented by a line segment connection; it also includes a switch status label for indicating the opening and closing status of each switch in the single-line diagram; and a device information label for indicating the rated parameters, model, installation location and other information of each device; The multi-source system data mutual verification module compares the switch status information and power outage status information obtained from different information sources to improve information accuracy and system reliability; specifically, it includes: The consistency check component obtains switch status information and power outage status information through multiple sensors or devices configured in the power distribution network, and compares the multi-source information with each other. By comparing the information obtained by different sensors or devices, it determines abnormal or inconsistent information and locates possible faults or errors. It uses data fusion technology to integrate and check information from different sources, and uses consistency check algorithms to verify multi-source information to improve the consistency and accuracy of information. The measurement data analysis component establishes a real-time monitoring system and saves historical data, compares the results in real time, and analyzes historical data. By analyzing historical data, potential problems and patterns can be discovered, providing a basis for system optimization and improvement. By comprehensively utilizing the method of multi-source information mutual verification, the distribution automation system can improve the accuracy of switch remote signaling and power outage information, reduce the risk of system misoperation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the system; Algorithm and fault diagnosis components use consistency verification algorithms, intelligent algorithms and fault diagnosis technologies to analyze the compared information, identify possible faults or abnormal conditions, determine the accuracy of the information, and improve the system's automation level and responsiveness.

2. The method for sensing and analyzing the switch status of a distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The consistency check includes: A. Automatic switch position change reporting signal verification For the reported automatic switch signal, the accuracy of the switch signal is first determined by the measured current and power information of the switch, the measurement curve of the public and special variables in the section, and whether there is a connection in the section; for sections without connection, if the automatic switch reports the position signal, but there is no power failure of the distribution transformer in the section, it is determined to be a false alarm signal; if there is a breakpoint in the distribution transformer measurement curve, if there is no active report of low-voltage power outage, then the load change of the upstream automatic switch is used to deduce whether there is a real power outage; for sections with connection, including the reported signal of the section, the signal that the connection is not reported, and the section distribution transformer has not lost power, the position signal and the measured value of the connecting switch, as well as the similarity of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the connection are combined to determine whether the connection is in operation but the connecting switch signal is missed, and the false alarm and missed alarm of the section automation switch and the connecting switch signal are deduced; B. Automatic switch status verification For the contradictory and mutually exclusive data between the telesignaling section status and telemetering information of the automatic switch every 5 minutes, self-check analysis of the switch status is carried out; deduction and analysis are carried out through the automatic switch status of the upstream and downstream of the line topology, and the voltage measurement information of the distribution transformers in the upstream and downstream topology sections. If necessary, the state of the interconnecting switch is determined by the similarity of the measurement curves to identify erroneous information of telesignaling or telemetering.

3. The method for sensing and analyzing the switch status of a distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The similarity calculation based on the switch connection topology structure includes the following steps: Stp1, collect GIS data and voltage data, and preliminarily determine the switch topology connection relationship based on the relative position relationship between users and distribution transformers in the GIS information; Stp2. Determine whether the user and the area where they are located are in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, determine the switch connection topology relationship of the non-overlapping area, and for the user in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer of the substation, calculate the similarity of the user voltage in the overlapping area and the distribution transformer voltage in the adjacent area, and compare whether the similarity index reaches the similarity index threshold. If the similarity index threshold is reached, further determine the topological relationship between the user and the distribution transformer of the substation. If the similarity index threshold is not reached, further analysis and comparison are performed; Stp3. Continuously monitor the voltage of users in the overlapping area of ​​the distribution transformer and the voltage of the distribution transformer in the area, calculate their correlation, analyze the change rate of the correlation index, and if the change rate exceeds the preset threshold, re-analyze and calculate the similarity between the user and the regional distribution transformer voltage, and confirm or update the topological relationship of the user's distribution transformer in the area.

4. The method for sensing and analyzing the switch status of a distribution network according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch connection topology is used for the following identification: A. Non-automatic segment / branch switch position identification, specifically refers to the triggering of the measurement curve call and real-time voltage reading of the line public and private transformers based on the active reporting signal of the user terminal / TTU / low-voltage meter, combined with the position information of the automatic switch, load changes, and line segment topology, to complete the judgment of the power outage range of the medium-voltage line, and determine the power outage event belonging to the non-automatic switch segment in the judgment result, and then determine the position action of the non-automatic switch; B. Non-automatic tie switch position change identification, specifically refers to triggering the start of the analysis and judgment through the load change of the terminal automatic switch segment connected by the lines on both sides of the non-automatic tie switch, that is, the load of one side segment decreases, and the load on the other side increases, and the amplitude is close. The non-automatic tie switch closing action is determined by the similarity change of the measurement curves of the distribution transformers on both sides of the tie switch; C. Identification of the bus tie switch position change in the dual-power distribution room, specifically refers to determining the bus tie switch position change information in the dual-power distribution room through the similarity changes of the daily measurement curves of the busbar and distribution transformer of the substation to which the line belongs.

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