Lightning arrester data monitoring method and system for optimizing LoRa networking

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightning arrester data monitoring method and system for optimizing LoRa networking. The lightning arrester data monitoring method and system are used for effectively monitoring a lightning arrester. The method is applied to a lightning arrester data monitoring system. The system comprises a LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, a LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, a remote control platform module, a field lightning arrester control terminal module and a circuit switch remote controller. The method comprises the steps that a LoRa lightning arrester detection node module monitors operation data of a lightning arrester and sends the operation data to a LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module through LoRa; the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module receives the operation data and sends the operation data to the remote control platform module through a GPRS network; the remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operation data so as to judge the operation state of the lightning arrester; and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module performs information interaction with the field lightning arrester control terminal module through a CAN network, so that the field lightning arrester control terminal module processes the lightning arrester by using the circuit switch remote controller according to the operation state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power grid equipment monitoring, and in particular to a lightning arrester data monitoring method and system for optimizing LoRa networking. Background Art

[0002] Zinc oxide arrester is an important overvoltage protection device in the power system. The safe and reliable operation of the device itself plays an extremely important role in the safety of major power equipment such as transformers.

[0003] Research has found that the aging, internal moisture and thermal breakdown of zinc oxide arresters are closely related to data such as leakage current and working voltage. Accurate online measurement of field data of operating indicators such as voltage and current is a prerequisite for analyzing arrester equipment failures. The State Grid and other units have also issued a series of standards and specifications, which specifically stipulate the monitoring methods and inspection specifications of arresters. Currently, the commonly used arrester detection systems include a synchronous acquisition method for arrester data based on a serial bus. This type of monitoring method is a traditional typical usage of existing applications, and there is also a monitoring solution based on digital sampling optical fiber transmission, although it reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference during transmission to a certain extent.

[0004] However, this traditional data acquisition and monitoring method still has the disadvantages of insufficient communication distance and insufficient anti-interference ability, which can easily affect the effective monitoring of lightning arresters. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a lightning arrester data monitoring method and system for optimizing LoRa networking, which are used to achieve effective monitoring of lightning arresters.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking, the method being applied to a lightning arrester data monitoring system, the lightning arrester data monitoring system comprising a LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, a LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, a remote control platform module, an on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, and a circuit switch remote controller;

[0007] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module is connected to the circuit switch remote control and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module is connected to the lightning arrester;

[0008] The method comprises:

[0009] The LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa;

[0010] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module receives the operation data and sends the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network;

[0011] The remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the arrester;

[0012] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module exchanges information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module processes the lightning arrester using the circuit switch remote controller according to the operating status.

[0013] Optionally, the LoRa arrester detection node module operates based on an adaptive power algorithm;

[0014] The adaptive power algorithm includes:

[0015] A mean filtering mechanism is used to process several groups of signal strength RSP values ​​received by the LoRa arrester detection node module to obtain a target RSP;

[0016] Obtain a corresponding table of node transmission power and power level division of the RSP, use the power level division corresponding table and the target RSP as a reference for the data link status between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, and automatically adjust the transmission power of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module so that the transmission power is adjusted to a preset power;

[0017] The data communication status under the preset power is evaluated according to the packet loss rate, and when the packet loss rate meets the threshold range, the data link communication between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is performed at the preset power.

[0018] Optionally, the mean filtering mechanism is used to process several groups of signal strength RSP values ​​received by the LoRa arrester detection node module to obtain the target RSP, including:

[0019] Determine a plurality of groups of signal strengths RSP received by the LoRa arrester detection node module, and remove the RSPs whose jumps are greater than a preset threshold to obtain the remaining RSPs;

[0020] The remaining RSPs are averaged to obtain the target RSP.

[0021] Optionally, sending the operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module in a LoRa manner includes:

[0022] Before sending the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, perform CAD detection on the preamble of the LoRa data packet on the channel;

[0023] If the channel is detected to have the preamble code, back off from the channel by randomly delaying a preset time slot;

[0024] When it is determined that the operation data is lost or the channel cannot be seized, the unsent operation data is written into a buffer, the operation data is resent after a set time period, and a maximum number of resends is set;

[0025] Continue to perform CAD detection on the channel after the preset time slot ends until the channel is idle, and send the operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, or until the channel is not idle and exceeds the maximum number of retransmissions;

[0026] After the LoRa arrester detection node module sends the operation data, a waiting time window is opened, and if a reply frame is received within the waiting time window, it is determined that the operation data is sent successfully;

[0027] If no reply frame is received, the operation data is written into a buffer, and the operation data is resent within the set time period.

[0028] Optionally, the preset time slot is determined according to a backoff time slot calculation formula;

[0029] The backoff time slot calculation formula is:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, NB indicates the number of times the CSMA / CA algorithm has executed random backoff when competing for the channel. The NB value increases by 1 each time a backoff occurs, and its maximum value defaults to 4. The NB value is initialized to 0 at the beginning of each channel competition. BE is the backoff index, which indicates the upper limit of the random backoff range when the node competes for the channel. The default value of BE is 3, and the default maximum value is 5. The BE value is affected by the two parameters minBE and maxBE. minBE indicates the initial value set each time an attempt is made to access the channel, and maxBE is the maximum value. The BE value increases by 1 each time a backoff occurs. BE n-1 Indicates the backoff index for the n-1th time; NB n-1It indicates the n-1th backoff number, which is used to reflect the current network channel usage status for any node. The value range of NB is [0,4]. t indicates the unit time interval of backoff, and p is the priority weight of the node. The priority weights are set to 0.5, 1, and 2 from high to low.

[0032] Optionally, the LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester, and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method, including:

[0033] If the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module monitors the leakage current signal of the lightning arrester, the voltage signal of the lightning arrester is detected;

[0034] If overvoltage is determined according to the voltage signal, a leakage current alarm signal and an overvoltage alarm signal are sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa;

[0035] If it is determined that the voltage is normal according to the voltage signal, the leakage current alarm signal is sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method.

[0036] The second aspect of the present application provides a lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking, including:

[0037] LoRa arrester detection node module, LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, remote control platform module, on-site arrester control terminal module and circuit switch remote control;

[0038] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module is connected to the circuit switch remote control and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module is connected to the lightning arrester;

[0039] The LoRa arrester detection node module is used to monitor the operating data of the arrester and send the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa;

[0040] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is used to receive the operation data and send the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network;

[0041] The remote control platform module is used to perform data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the arrester;

[0042] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is also used to exchange information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module uses the circuit switch remote control to process the lightning arrester according to the operating status.

[0043] Optionally, the LoRa arrester detection node module includes:

[0044] Power supply module, data acquisition and conditioning circuit module, AD conversion module, first MCU main control module, first LoRa radio frequency module;

[0045] The power supply module includes a battery power supply circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0046] The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module includes a current transformer, an I / U conversion circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage boost circuit, a voltage transformer and a voltage step-down circuit;

[0047] The first MCU main control module includes a single chip microcomputer and peripheral circuits;

[0048] The power supply module is connected to the first MCU main control module, the first MCU main control module is connected to the first LoRa radio frequency module and the AD conversion module, and the AD conversion module is connected to the data acquisition and conditioning circuit module;

[0049] The power supply module is used for supplying power;

[0050] The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module is used to collect the leakage current signal and voltage signal of the arrester, wherein the leakage current signal is collected by the current transformer using electromagnetic coupling, and the voltage signal is collected by the voltage transformer, the collected voltage signal is stepped down by the step-down circuit, the leakage current signal and the stepped-down voltage signal are filtered by the filter current to eliminate interference, and then the filtered leakage current signal and voltage signal are input into the AD conversion module through the boost circuit;

[0051] The AD conversion module is used to convert the input leakage current signal and the voltage signal from analog signals into digital signals to obtain the operation data of the arrester;

[0052] The first MCU main control module is used to respond to the converted operating data and send the operating data to the first LoRa radio frequency module;

[0053] The first LoRa radio frequency module is used to send the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, and the operating data includes a leakage current alarm signal, a voltage signal and an overvoltage alarm signal.

[0054] Optionally, the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module includes:

[0055] Power module, second LoRa radio frequency module, GPRS module, CAN communication module, second MCU main control module, low temperature alarm module, thin film display module, I / 0 expansion module and buzzer module;

[0056] The power supply module includes a power surge protection circuit and a DC-DC conversion circuit;

[0057] The low temperature alarm module includes a temperature sensor;

[0058] The second MCU main control module is respectively connected to the power module, the second LoRa radio frequency module, the GPRS module, the CAN communication module, the low temperature alarm module, the thin film display module, the I / O expansion module and the buzzer module;

[0059] The power module is used for supplying power;

[0060] The second LoRa radio frequency module is used to receive the operation data sent by the first LoRa radio frequency module;

[0061] The GPRS module and the CAN communication module perform data transmission with the second MCU main control module based on the serial communication protocol, so as to realize information transmission with the remote control platform module;

[0062] The second MCU main control module is used to control, receive and process the operating data sent by the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the information interaction with the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module;

[0063] The I / O expansion module is used for expanding the I / O port, so that the signal sent by the second MCU main control module drives the LED signal light on the thin film display module through two I2C expansion ports;

[0064] The buzzer module is used to receive the control signal of the second MCU main control module and send out an alarm signal;

[0065] The thin film display module is used to display the parameters and working status of the LoRa arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module;

[0066] The low temperature alarm module is used to send a low temperature alarm signal to the second MUC main control module when it is determined that the ambient temperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius.

[0067] Optionally, the system adopts an SSN communication protocol, and the SSN communication protocol is based on an OSI seven-layer model.

[0068] A third aspect of the present application provides a lightning arrester data monitoring device for optimizing LoRa networking, the device comprising:

[0069] Processor, memory, input-output unit, and bus;

[0070] The processor is connected to the memory, the input and output unit, and the bus;

[0071] The memory stores a program, and the processor calls the program to execute the first aspect and any optional lightning arrester data monitoring method in the first aspect.

[0072] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored. When the program is executed on a computer, the program executes the first aspect and any optional lightning arrester data monitoring method in the first aspect.

[0073] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application has the following advantages:

[0074] The present application method includes monitoring the operating data of the lightning arrester through the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, and sending the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module through the LoRa method; the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module receives the operating data, and then sends the operating data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network; the remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the lightning arrester; the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module exchanges information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module uses the circuit switch remote control to process the lightning arrester according to the operating status, and can timely and accurately grasp the operating status of the lightning arrester, and arrange reasonable control and maintenance. In addition, the advantages of the long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability of the LoRa and GPRS networks are used in the monitoring of lightning arresters to achieve effective monitoring of lightning arresters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0076] Figure 1 A flow chart of an embodiment of a method for monitoring lightning arrester data for optimizing LoRa networking provided in this application;

[0077] Figure 2A flowchart of another embodiment of the method for monitoring lightning arrester data for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application;

[0078] Figure 3 A flowchart of another embodiment of the method for monitoring lightning arrester data for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application;

[0079] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application;

[0080] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the structure of the lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application;

[0081] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an embodiment of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module provided in this application;

[0082] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an embodiment of the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module provided by this application;

[0083] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of a power level classification correspondence table provided in this application;

[0084] Fig. 9 The LoRa wireless network topology diagram provided for this application;

[0085] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the architecture of an embodiment of the SSN communication protocol provided in this application;

[0086] Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a lightning arrester data monitoring device for optimizing LoRa networking provided in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The present application provides a lightning arrester data monitoring method and system for optimizing LoRa networking, which are used to achieve effective monitoring of lightning arresters.

[0088] It should be noted that the lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking provided in the present application is applied to the lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking.

[0089] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4An embodiment of a lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking provided in the present application, the system includes: a LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401, a LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402, a remote control platform module 403, an on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404 and a circuit switch remote control 405; the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402 is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401, the remote control platform module 403 and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404 is connected to the circuit switch remote control 405 and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401 is connected to the lightning arrester.

[0090] The arrester data monitoring method provided by the present application will be first described below, and the arrester data monitoring system provided by the present application will be described in detail later.

[0091] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 An embodiment of a lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application, the method comprising:

[0092] Step S101, the LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester, and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method;

[0093] Step S102, the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module receives the operation data and sends the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network;

[0094] Step S103: the remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the arrester;

[0095] Step S104, the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module exchanges information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module processes the lightning arrester using the circuit switch remote controller according to the operating status.

[0096] In this embodiment, the LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the arrester operation data and transmits it to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module through LoRa communication. The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module mainly receives the operation data based on the communication system board, and then sends it to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network and exchanges information with the on-site arrester control terminal module through the CAN network. The remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operation data to determine the operating status of the arrester or retain the operation data and send it remotely. The circuit switch remote control serves as an auxiliary control to control the circuit switch state of the arrester. Using this method, the arrester can be monitored, the operating status of the arrester can be grasped in a timely and accurate manner, and reasonable control and maintenance can be arranged. In addition, this method also utilizes the advantages of the long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability of LoRa and GPRS networks, and applies it to the arrester monitoring to achieve effective monitoring of the arrester.

[0097] Furthermore, the LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester, and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method, which may include, but is not limited to, the following:

[0098] If the LoRa arrester detection node module detects the leakage current signal of the arrester, it detects the voltage signal of the arrester;

[0099] If overvoltage is determined based on the voltage signal, a leakage current alarm signal and an overvoltage alarm signal are sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa;

[0100] If the voltage is determined to be normal according to the voltage signal, a leakage current alarm signal is sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa.

[0101] Specifically, the software programming of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module may include node module initialization, signal acquisition, signal filtering, Fourier transform harmonic analysis, data storage, and data transmission.

[0102] Among them, the node module initialization mainly involves the hardware self-test and initial configuration of the main control circuit, acquisition circuit, display module, communication module, and storage module. Signal acquisition mainly involves the synchronous acquisition of three-phase voltage and current signals. Signal filtering is to further anti-interference processing of the signal in the software program in addition to hardware filtering to improve the accuracy of the collected data. Fourier transform for harmonic analysis and extraction of signal feature quantities is an important part of program design, mainly calculating the voltage amplitude and phase, and calculating the fundamental wave and odd harmonics of the resistive current. Data storage and transmission involves the system storage of the data collected and processed by the node module and remote transmission to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module.

[0103] After power adjustment of the current and voltage detection node module is completed during the installation and debugging phase, the lightning arrester detection node module enters normal working mode and enters deep sleep mode in the absence of any indicator alarm, that is, when the lightning arrester detection node module does not detect leakage current and overvoltage.

[0104] When the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module detects a leakage current alarm in the lightning arrester, it will be awakened and detect the voltage signal of the lightning arrester at the same time. If it is determined that an overvoltage phenomenon occurs, the leakage current alarm signal and the overvoltage alarm signal will be sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module at the same time; if the voltage is normal, only a single leakage current alarm signal will be sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module.

[0105] After the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module sends the alarm signal, the control circuit switch remote control turns off the switch of the lightning arrester corresponding to the current node. After that, if the fault of the lightning arrester at the node is still not resolved, it will continue to send the above alarm signal to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module after sleeping for 6 seconds until the indicator status of the lightning arrester at the node is discovered and processed by the user, and then the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module continues to enter the deep sleep mode. When the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module does not detect a signal, it will be awakened every 12 hours for detection.

[0106] Further, the software programming of the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module may include:

[0107] After power-on, the system is initialized and data is read, and the pins of the second MCU main control module are initialized and configured, including the level and input and output status. Then the clock is set, the timer, interrupt level, response time, etc. are configured, and the serial port is configured. After entering the timing processing program, it is determined whether the GPRS module is connected. If the connection is successful, data can be interacted with the remote control platform. After the above program is executed, the CAN communication judgment is entered. If there is no abnormality in the CAN communication, the CAN command analysis program is entered, and the receiving and sending commands of the field terminal are processed. Then it is determined whether the second LoRa radio frequency module of this system is connected to the first LoRa radio frequency module and gateway of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, and the LoRa command analysis program is entered after the connection. After executing the relevant subroutines of LoRa, the communication connection between GPRS and the remote control platform is determined. If the connection is successful, the GPRS command analysis program is entered. Finally, the ECP initialization judgment is performed, and it is selected whether to re-execute the timing judgment or perform the ECP initialization analysis. After the ECP initialization analysis, the above-mentioned LoRa lightning arrester detection node module is configured with related initialization configuration. At the same time, the current data will be compared with the data stored in the flash at an interval of 10 seconds. If they are different, the current data will be stored in the flash. The switch judgment code is used to detect the switch state of the cable. The program first judges whether the current state is the same as the previous state. If not, the switch feedback state is read at this time. Under the condition that the control time has not timed out, if the feedback state is the same as the expected setting state, it indicates that the switch is working normally.

[0108] Furthermore, the LoRa arrester detection node module is powered by a battery. In order to enable the battery-powered LoRa arrester detection node module to work for a long time, the present application designs an adaptive power algorithm to run. The adaptive power algorithm is used to automatically adjust the transmission power of the detection node module to reduce the power consumption of the detection node module.

[0109] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 Another embodiment of the lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application describes that the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module operates based on an adaptive power algorithm, and the method includes:

[0110] Step S201, using a mean filtering mechanism to process several groups of signal strength RSP values ​​received by the LoRa arrester detection node module to obtain a target RSP;

[0111] Step S202, obtaining a power level division correspondence table of the node transmission power and the RSP, using the power level division correspondence table and the target RSP as a reference for the data link status between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, and automatically adjusting the transmission power of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module to adjust the transmission power to a preset power;

[0112] Step S203, evaluating the data communication status under the preset power according to the packet loss rate, when the packet loss rate meets the threshold range, performing data link communication between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module at the preset power.

[0113] In the communication system based on WSN network, for the convenience of development, the parameters of node devices such as transmission power and data transmission rate are generally set to the same, and in order to ensure that all nodes can communicate normally, the transmission power is generally set to the maximum value. These parameters are burned into the MCU of the node through the program downloader. If you want to change these parameters, you need to manually modify them one by one through the host computer. This method is not only labor-intensive but also prone to errors. It cannot guarantee the freedom and accuracy of regulation and cannot adjust the power consumption of node devices.

[0114] Therefore, the embodiment of the present application designs an adaptive power algorithm, the principle of which is to detect the data link status between the node module and the concentrator gateway. The node module automatically adjusts its transmission power according to the collected RSP value, thereby achieving the purpose of optimizing network communication power consumption.

[0115] In this embodiment, an RSP mean filtering mechanism is added to eliminate RSP values ​​with larger jumps and then take the average to improve the accuracy of the node's data link assessment. An accurate RSP value can not only shorten the time for the system to adjust the power of the node and improve the efficiency of power regulation, but also effectively reduce the number of packet loss rate verifications, which is of great significance to extending the working life of the node and reducing the system network power consumption. In addition, an efficient power regulation process can greatly improve the user experience and contribute to the promotion of the lightning arrester data monitoring system.

[0116] Among them, the power control principle of the lightning arrester data monitoring system is to minimize the transmission power of the detection node module while ensuring the signal quality. Since the installation positions of the detection node module and the concentrator gateway are generally fixed, the attenuation of the uplink and downlink data links is generally the same. Considering the low power design requirements of the detection node module in this system, power control should be performed from the uplink data link. In addition, in this application, because the open-loop power control technology does not require feedback, the transmitter only needs to adjust its transmission power according to the information obtained by its own measurement, and can respond quickly when the channel condition changes suddenly. There is no problem of data link delay, which is often used to determine the initial transmission power and is suitable for this system. Therefore, this application adopts a reverse open-loop power control method when adjusting the transmission power of the detection node module. At the same time, a mean filtering mechanism is used, which is specifically to determine the signal strength RSP of several groups received by the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, and remove the RSP whose jump is greater than the preset threshold, and obtain the remaining RSP; take the average of the remaining RSP to obtain the target RSP, and use the target RSP as the basis for power adjustment.

[0117] Furthermore, the algorithm is applied to each detection node module to adjust the transmission power of each detection node module to the most reasonable state, so that the strength of the signal received by the concentrator gateway at each node is roughly the same, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing power consumption and extending the working life of the entire network. The transmission power adjustment of each detection node module is carried out during the system installation and debugging stage.

[0118] In a communication network, the relationship between the transmission power, reception power and distance of a wireless signal can be expressed as follows:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, Pr is the received power, Pt is the transmitted power, and the power unit is mW; d is the signal transmission distance; r is the propagation factor, which is mainly related to the environment. The power conversion formula is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] After power conversion, the following formula can be obtained:

[0123] RSPR = RSPT-10rlg(d)

[0124] Where 10rlg(d) represents the path loss of the wireless signal during propagation. The units of RSPR and RSPT are both dBm, representing the signal reception strength and signal transmission strength, respectively.

[0125] In the power control stage of the arrester data monitoring system, the detection node module is the signal receiving end, and the concentrator gateway is the signal sending end; in the test stage after control and in normal working state, the detection node module is the data sending end, and the concentrator gateway is the signal receiving end. Assume that the receiving power of the detection node module is Pr, and the transmitting power is Pt; the transmitting power of the concentrator gateway is PT, and the receiving power is PR, both in dBm. Since the positions of the detection node module and the concentrator gateway are fixed, it is believed that the attenuation of their uplink and downlink data links is basically the same. Combining the above formula, it can be obtained that:

[0126] PT-Pr=Pt-PR=10lg(d)

[0127] During data communication, in order to optimize network power consumption and ensure the reliability of data transmission, the receiving power of the concentrator gateway, namely RSPC, should be controlled within a certain range.

[0128] Assuming that the signal receiving power of the node is RSPN (dBm) and the signal receiving power of the concentrator gateway is RSPC (dBm), it can be obtained that:

[0129] RSPC=Pt-PT+RSPN

[0130] When the RSPN value of the signal received by the detection node module is too large, in order to maintain RSPC within a certain range, it can be adjusted by reducing the node transmission power Pt; conversely, when the RSPN value of the signal received by the detection node module is too small, it can be adjusted by increasing the node transmission power Pt. The algorithm classifies the node transmission power according to the actual data link quality between the node and the concentrator gateway, and allocates the corresponding transmission power according to different data link attenuation conditions, thereby achieving the purpose of optimizing network power consumption, and the mean filtering of RSP can improve the efficiency and reliability of power regulation.

[0131] Specifically, the LoRa chip used in the LoRa arrester detection node module of this application is SX1278, which is mainly equipped with three amplifiers of different powers, namely PA_HF, PA_LF and PA_HP, where PA_HF is connected to the RFO_HF pin, PA_LF is connected to the RFO_LF pin, and the dynamic adjustment range of the RF power is -4dBm to 14dBm, with an adjustment step of 1dB; PA_HP is connected to the PA_BOOST pin, and its power adjustment range is -2dBm to 20dBm, which can continuously output 17dBm, and the periodic working power can reach 20dbm, and this power amplifier can cover all frequency bands processed by the frequency synthesizer. PA_HF mainly covers the frequency band above 860Mhz, while PA_LF covers the frequency band below 525Mhz.

[0132] In actual use, the PA_BOOS pin of the SX1278 chip is used as the RF output signal port, because the output power of this pin is the highest, which can make the communication network of the signal detection node cover a larger range of space, and also ensure that the detection node module has a larger transmission power control range.

[0133] The output power is adjusted by setting the register RegPaConfig inside SX1278. The corresponding table between register address and power is shown in the following table.

[0134]

[0135]

[0136] In order to ensure that the detection node modules that are far away from the concentrator gateway can communicate normally, the initial power of the detection node modules is set to the maximum value of 20dBm. Since the output power adjustment range of the RF output pin PA_BOOST of the SX1278 used is -2dBm to 20dBm, and the RSP value coverage range of the received signal is -30dBm to -99dBm, it is obvious that the transmission power of the detection node module and the RSP value of the received signal cannot correspond one to one, so each level of transmission power of the detection node module is made to correspond to a certain range of RSP values ​​during design. In order to enable the detection node module to have a larger transmission power adjustment range, the present application sets its transmission power to eight levels, and each level of transmission power corresponds to a range of RSP values. The levels are divided as follows: Figure 8 shown.

[0137] Furthermore, the adaptive power algorithm of the embodiment of the present application adopts a reverse open-loop power control method. First, the concentrator gateway will send multiple data packets to the detection node module. The detection node module receives and collects the RSP value in the data packet. After processing the larger jump values ​​and calculating the mean, a target RSP value that can more accurately reflect the data link status is obtained. The detection node module adjusts the transmission power according to the target RSP value. The control process is as follows: The central controller MCU wakes up the detection node module one by one and sends 50 data packets to it. The detection node module collects 50 RSP values. These values ​​are collected by the SX1278 chip and transmitted to the MCU's single-chip microcomputer through the SPI bus for mean filtering and obtain a target RSP0. The node adjusts its transmission power according to the target RSP0 value. The comparison table between the RSP value of the signal received by the detection node module and its transmission power is shown in the attached Figure 8As shown. After adjusting the transmission power of a detection node module, the reliability of data communication under the transmission power will be evaluated and verified according to the actual packet loss rate. The verification process is as follows: the detection node module sends 400 data packets to the concentrator gateway continuously, and the concentrator gateway receives and counts these data packets. If the packet loss rate is less than 1%, the Pa_ConOk instruction is returned to the detection node module; if the packet loss rate is greater than 1%, the Pa_ConFail instruction is sent to the detection node module. The detection node module receives the instruction and automatically increases its transmission power by one level and repeats the above test until the packet loss rate requirement is met. After the power of each detection node module is adjusted in turn, this installation and debugging phase ends, and the system enters normal working state.

[0138] Further, when the hardware low-power design of the detection node module is performed in the embodiment of the present application, the power consumption of the MCU is mainly optimized in the following ways: 1. When the processing task is completed, the MCU immediately goes to sleep and turns on the RTC; 2. Under the premise of not affecting the task processing, the operating frequency is reduced to reduce the power consumption; 3. The number of peripheral interfaces is reasonably set. At the same time, the low-power device selects the SX1278 chip as the first LoRa radio frequency module, and the power consumption of the chip in sleep mode can be ignored. Based on LoRaTM spread spectrum modulation technology, SX1278 has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability and high reliability. Its long-distance communication advantage is mainly due to spread spectrum modulation technology, rather than by increasing the transmission power, so a longer communication distance can be achieved under the same energy consumption. The current consumption of the chip in different working states is as follows: less than 0.2uA in sleep state, 1.6mA in idle state, 12mA in receiving state, and 120mA under the condition of maximum power transmission. The chip has great advantages in long-distance communication.

[0139] In addition, since multiple LoRa lightning arrester detection node modules are connected to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module to monitor the data of each lightning arrester. In order to reduce the probability of data collision when multiple LoRa lightning arrester detection node modules simultaneously access the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module channel, the reliability of LoRa wireless network communication is improved. A wireless network anti-collision algorithm is added to the lightning arrester data monitoring method of the present application.

[0140] Specifically, considering that in the original non-slotted CSMA / CA algorithm, when multiple detection node modules need to send running data at the same time, a simple binary exponential backoff algorithm is usually used to generate a random backoff time slot, so that each detection node module delays access to the channel to prevent data collision. Although this method is simple, the probability that each detection node module selects the same backoff time window is high. When the backoff time of these nodes is reset to zero at the same time, they will access the channel together, resulting in communication failure.

[0141] In order to reduce the probability of the above-mentioned network collision, the anti-collision algorithm of the embodiment of the present application improves the backoff time slot on the basis of the original binary exponential backoff algorithm, and takes the current network status into consideration when designing the backoff time slot, so that the backoff time of each detection node module has a certain degree of adaptability, and thus the probability of selecting the same backoff time window will be greatly reduced. In addition, the anti-collision algorithm designs the priority of the backoff time slot so that nodes with high priority have shorter backoff time windows and are more competitive when accessing channels, thereby reducing the probability of communication failure. The anti-collision algorithm can effectively reduce the probability of data collision in wireless networks and has high practical significance.

[0142] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3 Another embodiment of the lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking provided by the present application describes the design of an anti-collision algorithm in the process of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module sending operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method. The method includes:

[0143] Step S301: before sending the operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, perform CAD detection on the leading code of the LoRa data packet on the channel;

[0144] Step S302: If a preamble is detected in the channel, the channel is backed off by randomly delaying a preset time slot;

[0145] Step S303: when it is determined that the operation data is lost or the channel cannot be seized, the unsent operation data is written into the buffer, the operation data is resent after a set time period, and a maximum number of resends is set;

[0146] Step S304: Continue to perform CAD detection on the channel after the preset time slot ends until the channel is idle, and send operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, or until the channel is not idle and exceeds the maximum number of retransmissions;

[0147] Step S305: After the LoRa arrester detection node module sends the operation data, a waiting time window is opened. If a reply frame is received within the waiting time window, it is determined that the operation data is sent successfully.

[0148] Step S306: If no reply frame is received, the operation data is written into the buffer and the operation data is resent within a set time period.

[0149] In this embodiment, before the detection node module sends data, it first performs CAD detection on the preamble of the LoRa data packet on the wireless channel. The LoRa data packet is a data packet packaged with the arrester operation data. If the preamble is detected, it indicates that the current channel is occupied. At this time, the detection node module will avoid the channel by randomly delaying the preset time slot to avoid data conflicts. When the data packet of the detection node module is lost or the channel cannot be seized for a long time, the data transmission will fail. After the failure, the data to be sent will be written into the buffer, and the data will be retransmitted after the set time period. Among them, the maximum number of retransmissions is set to 3 times, or other maximum number of retransmissions can also be set, such as 5 times, which is not limited here. After the preset time slot ends, the channel continues to be CAD detected until the channel is idle, and the operation data is successfully sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, or the maximum number of retransmissions is exceeded. After each successful data transmission, the detection node module will open a waiting time window. The data transmission is considered successful only after receiving a reply frame. The duration of this window is designed according to the length of the data sent. If the detection node module does not receive a reply frame during this period, the data is resent according to the failure retransmission mechanism of step S303.

[0150] Furthermore, the preset time slot is determined according to a backoff time slot calculation formula.

[0151] The backoff time slot calculation formula is:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, BE n-1 Indicates the nth backoff index; NB n-1 It indicates the number of backoffs for the n-1th time. For any detection node module, this value can reflect the usage status of the current network channel. The value range of NB is generally [0,4]. t indicates the unit time interval of the backoff mechanism. p is the priority weight of the node. The priority weights are set to 0.5, 1, and 2 from high to low.

[0154] Furthermore, some key parameters in the formula are set as:

[0155] NB (Number of Backoff) indicates the number of times the CSMA / CA algorithm has executed random backoff when competing for the channel. The NB value increases by 1 each time a backoff occurs. The default maximum value is 4. The NB value is initialized to 0 at the beginning of each channel competition. When the NB value reaches the maximum, if the channel is still detected to be busy, the transmission is abandoned to avoid excessive overhead.

[0156] BE (Backoff exponent) is the backoff exponent, which indicates the upper limit of the random backoff range when the detection node module competes for the channel. The default value of BE is 3, and the default maximum value is 5. When analyzing the BE value, the influence of two parameters is mainly considered: minBE and maxBE. minBE indicates the initial value set each time an attempt is made to access the channel, and maxBE is the maximum value. Each time a backoff BE value occurs, it is increased by 1. After simulation verification, in order to minimize the packet loss rate of this system, minBE=4 and maxBE=6 are set.

[0157] The above describes the arrester data monitoring method provided by the present application. The following describes the arrester data monitoring system provided by the present application in detail:

[0158] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 An embodiment of the lightning arrester data monitoring system provided by the present application includes:

[0159] LoRa arrester detection node module 401, LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402, remote control platform module 403, on-site arrester control terminal module 404 and circuit switch remote controller 405;

[0160] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402 is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401, the remote control platform module 403 and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404 is connected to the circuit switch remote control 405 and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401 is connected to the lightning arrester;

[0161] The LoRa arrester detection node module 401 is used to monitor the operating data of the arrester and send the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa;

[0162] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402 is used to receive the operation data and send the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network;

[0163] The remote control platform module 403 is used to analyze the operation data to determine the operation status of the arrester;

[0164] The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402 is also used to exchange information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404 through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404 uses the circuit switch remote control 405 to process the lightning arrester according to the operating status.

[0165] In this embodiment, the functions performed by each module are similar to those in the above Figure 1-Figure 3 The steps in the method embodiment shown correspond to each other and will not be described in detail here.

[0166] By using the system of this embodiment, the operating status of the lightning arrester can be grasped in a timely and accurate manner, and reasonable control and maintenance can be arranged. In addition, the advantages of the long communication distance and strong anti-interference ability of LoRa and GPRS networks are used in lightning arrester monitoring to achieve effective monitoring of the lightning arrester.

[0167] See also Figure 6 , This application has carried out hardware design for the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, mainly including:

[0168] Power supply module 601, data acquisition and conditioning circuit module 602, AD conversion module 603, first MCU main control module 604, first LoRa radio frequency module 605;

[0169] The power supply module 601 includes a battery power supply circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit;

[0170] The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module 602 includes a current transformer, an I / U conversion circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage boost circuit, a voltage transformer and a voltage step-down circuit;

[0171] The first MCU main control module 604 includes a single chip microcomputer and peripheral circuits;

[0172] The power supply module 601 is connected to the first MCU main control module 604, the first MCU main control module 604 is connected to the first LoRa radio frequency module 605 and the AD conversion module 603, and the AD conversion module 603 is connected to the data acquisition and conditioning circuit module 602;

[0173] The power supply module 601 is used for supplying power;

[0174] The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module 602 is used to collect the leakage current signal and voltage signal of the arrester, wherein the leakage current signal is collected by using a current transformer using electromagnetic coupling, and the voltage signal is collected by using a voltage transformer. The collected voltage signal is stepped down by a step-down circuit, and the leakage current signal and the stepped-down voltage signal are filtered by a filter current to eliminate interference, and then the filtered leakage current signal and voltage signal are input into the AD conversion module through a step-up circuit;

[0175] The AD conversion module 603 is used to convert the input leakage current signal and voltage signal from analog signals into digital signals to obtain the operation data of the arrester;

[0176] The first MCU main control module 604 is used to respond to the converted operation data and send the operation data to the first LoRa radio frequency module 605;

[0177] The first LoRa radio frequency module 605 is used to send operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402, and the operation data includes a leakage current alarm signal, a voltage signal and an overvoltage alarm signal.

[0178] In this embodiment, the battery power supply circuit can be composed of two 3V dry batteries and an NMOS for battery reverse protection. The current transformer adopts a high-precision, stable zero-flux current transformer, which is not directly connected to the arrester circuit, but uses electromagnetic coupling to collect the arrester leakage current. Further, since the AD conversion module requires an input voltage signal, an I / U conversion circuit is used to convert the leakage current signal collected by the zero-flux current transformer into a corresponding voltage signal.

[0179] In addition, the voltage transformer is an electromagnetic voltage transformer. Therefore, the voltage signal of the arrester is collected by an electromagnetic voltage transformer. The electromagnetic voltage transformer is connected to the high-voltage busbar of the arrester, and the standard voltage is obtained from the two sides of the electromagnetic voltage transformer. Since the collected voltage signal is large and cannot be directly connected to the system, it is necessary to reduce the voltage signal to the microampere level through a step-down circuit. In addition, the collected voltage signal and leakage current signal also need to be filtered by a filter circuit to remove interference. The voltage signal becomes an alternating positive and negative analog signal within a certain range, and then the voltage signal is converted into a positive voltage required by the AD conversion module through a boost circuit. The AD conversion module converts the analog signal from the data acquisition and conditioning circuit module into a digital form for subsequent processing by the MCU system. The first MCU main control module responds to the converted voltage signal and sends data to the first LORA radio frequency module. The first LORA radio frequency module is mainly composed of an SX1278 chip and a reserved matching circuit, and sends a lightning arrester voltage signal and an overvoltage and leakage current alarm signal to the concentrator gateway under normal working conditions. In addition, the present embodiment also includes a storage module 606 for storing data.

[0180] See also Figure 7 This application has carried out hardware design for the LORA-GPRS concentrator gateway module, which mainly includes:

[0181] Power module 701, second LoRa radio frequency module 702, GPRS module 703, CAN communication module 704, second MCU main control module 705, low temperature alarm module 706, thin film display module 707, I / O expansion module 708 and buzzer module 709;

[0182] The power module 701 includes a power surge protection circuit and a DC-DC conversion circuit;

[0183] The low temperature alarm module 706 includes a temperature sensor;

[0184] The second MCU main control module 705 is respectively connected to the power module 701, the second LoRa radio frequency module 702, the GPRS module 703, the CAN communication module 704, the low temperature alarm module 706, the thin film display module 707, the I / O expansion module 708 and the buzzer module 709;

[0185] The power module 701 is used for supplying power;

[0186] The second LoRa radio frequency module 702 is used to receive the operation data sent by the first LoRa radio frequency module;

[0187] The GPRS module 703 and the CAN communication module 704 perform data transmission with the second MCU main control module 705 based on the serial communication protocol, so as to realize information transmission with the remote control platform module 403;

[0188] The second MCU main control module 705 is used to control, receive and process the operation data sent by the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module 401 and the information interaction with the remote control platform module 403 and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module 404;

[0189] The I / O expansion module 708 is used for expanding the I / O port, so that the signal sent by the second MCU main control module 705 drives the LED signal light on the thin film display module 707 through two I2C expansion ports;

[0190] The buzzer module 709 is used to receive the control signal of the second MCU main control module 705 and send out an alarm signal;

[0191] The thin film display module 707 is used to display the parameters and working status of the LoRa arrester detection node module 401 and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module 402;

[0192] The low temperature alarm module 76 is used to send a low temperature alarm signal to the second MUC main control module 705 when it is determined that the ambient temperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius.

[0193] In this embodiment, the second LORA radio frequency module 702 uses the same SX1278 radio frequency transceiver chip as the first LOR radio frequency module 605 of the detection node module, which is mainly used to receive the signal of the node transmitter. The reliable communication distance between it and the detection node module indoors can reach 280m, which improves the detection distance. The CAN communication module 704 can adopt a dual CAN communication redundant design, and transmit data with the second MCU main control module 705 based on the serial communication protocol. The GPRS module 703 and the second MCU main control module 705 transmit data based on the serial communication protocol, and the information transmission between the gateway and the remote control platform is realized through this module. The second MCU main control module 705 can use a single-clock microcontroller with encryption function, and the I / O expansion module 708 is used for the expansion of the I / O port. The signal sent by the microcontroller drives multiple LED lights on the thin film display module 707 through two-way I2C expansion; the buzzer module 709 is used to receive the control signal of the microcontroller and emit a continuous alarm sound; the thin film display module 707 is used to display the working status of various parameters of the detection node module and the concentrator gateway. The low temperature alarm module 706 is used to send a low temperature alarm signal to the single chip microcomputer when the ambient temperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius. It should be noted that the low temperature alarm signal trigger of the low temperature alarm module 706 can also be other values ​​of ambient temperature, such as 3 degrees Celsius, 7 degrees Celsius, etc., which are not specifically limited here.

[0194] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present application compare and analyze the currently commonly used network topologies and communication protocols, and on this basis, design the LoRa wireless network architecture and communication protocol of the lightning arrester data monitoring system.

[0195] See also Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 LoRa wireless network topology provided for this application Figure 1 Embodiment.

[0196] The LoRa wireless network in this embodiment adopts a star network structure, with the concentrator gateway as the center of the wireless network, including 20 nodes. Since the star network has the advantages of long communication distance, low power consumption, strong scalability, high reliability, low cost and easy implementation, it can be combined with the actual application scenario of this system: the lightning arrester detection node is installed in a fixed position, there is no need for communication between nodes, and data is only transmitted between the concentrator gateway, etc., to achieve the system's low power design requirements for nodes.

[0197] See also Fig.10 , Fig.10 The custom communication protocol used by the system of this application is named SSN protocol and is based on the OSI seven-layer model.

[0198] This embodiment defines the functions of the physical layer, MAC layer, network layer and application layer of the OSI seven-layer model. The physical layer is the most basic part, consisting of two parts: a board support package and a radio frequency interface. The board support package includes the configuration and initialization of peripherals such as clocks, peripheral interfaces, timers, and interrupt processing, and provides different hardware drivers for different hardware platforms; the radio frequency interface is responsible for managing the physical RF transceiver and the reading of message frames, and performing channel selection and energy and signal management functions. The MAC layer is mainly used to allocate channel resources required for data transmission, coordinate the communication of various devices, prevent data collisions, and is responsible for scheduling the status of various parts of the radio frequency, playing a major role in optimizing device power consumption. The network layer is mainly to ensure the correct operation of the MAC layer and provide service interfaces for the application layer, and to perform network management, data service management and network security management. The application layer includes application layer management and data service management, and is mainly responsible for the processing of user information, including user modification of network parameters, data collection, and management of network devices.

[0199] Furthermore, the present application tests the transmission power consumption of LORA in the LORA arrester detection node module based on the above method and system: when the detection node module detects a leakage current signal or an overvoltage signal, the LoRa module is initialized and data is sent to the concentrator gateway. A sampling resistor with a resistance of 9.6Ω (measured resistance by a multimeter) and an accuracy of 0.1% is connected in series to the power input terminal of the LoRa module, and the voltage across the resistor is captured with an oscilloscope. Test object: such as the 10 detection nodes mentioned above, that is, 10 nodes placed in sequence from near to far with the concentrator gateway as the center, and their RF parameters are: spreading factor SF=7, bandwidth BW=125KHz, coding rate CR=4 / 5, data rate DR=5.47kbps. The transmission power consumption of the LoRa modules of the 10 nodes is tested in turn according to the above test scheme, and the statistical results of the test data are shown in the following table.

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] It can be seen from the table that the average current consumption of the 10 tested node devices at the moment of LoRa transmission is 57.70mA, and the average power consumption is 165.10mW.

[0203] When testing the power consumption of the LoRa module in the LORA arrester detection node module in the RF receiving mode, the same scheme as above is adopted, that is, the voltage waveform across the sampling resistor is captured. The above 10 nodes are tested in turn, and the test statistics show that the average power consumption of the node in the RF receiving mode is 14.63mA.

[0204] In addition, since the typical current consumption of SX1278 in sleep mode is only 0.2uA, which can be ignored, the power consumption of the node in sleep mode mainly comes from the MCU with the RTC function turned on. In node sleep mode, the current of the above 10 nodes is measured with the current range of the milliammeter. After statistical calculation, the average current of the node in sleep mode is 1.7uA.

[0205] Multi-node communication distance tests are conducted simultaneously to verify the reliability of the wireless network and to evaluate the anti-collision mechanism and failure retransmission mechanism designed in the system. The test environment and node configuration are the same as above.

[0206] Test plan: Make multiple detection node modules send data to the concentrator gateway at the same time, and test the packet loss rate of each detection node module at different communication distances.

[0207] Number of nodes Distance from concentrator gateway Average number of packets sent / received Packet loss rate 10 120 100 / 100 0 10 150 100 / 100 0 15 150 100 / 100 0 20 120 100 / 100 0

[0208] From the table above, we can see that within the reliable communication distance, when multiple detection node modules communicate with the concentrator gateway at the same time, no packet loss occurs. The test results show that the wireless network designed by this system has high reliability and can respond to data transmission in a timely and accurate manner.

[0209] This application also provides a lightning arrester data monitoring device that optimizes LoRa networking, please refer to Fig.11 , Fig.11 An embodiment of a lightning arrester data monitoring device for optimizing LoRa networking provided in this application includes:

[0210] Processor 1101, memory 1102, input and output unit 1103, bus 1104;

[0211] The processor 1101 is connected to the memory 1102, the input and output unit 1103 and the bus 1104;

[0212] The memory 1102 stores a program, and the processor 1101 calls the program to execute any of the above arrester data monitoring methods.

[0213] The present application also relates to a computer-readable storage medium, on which a program is stored. When the program is run on a computer, the computer executes any of the above-mentioned lightning arrester data monitoring methods.

[0214] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0215] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0216] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0217] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0218] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, read-only memory), random access memory (RAM, random access memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

Claims

1. A lightning arrester data monitoring method for optimizing LoRa networking, characterized in that: The method is applied to a lightning arrester data monitoring system, which includes a LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, a LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, a remote control platform module, an on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, and a circuit switch remote controller; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module is connected to the circuit switch remote control and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module is connected to the lightning arrester; the method comprises: The LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module receives the operation data and sends the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network; The remote control platform module performs data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the arrester; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module exchanges information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module processes the lightning arrester using the circuit switch remote controller according to the operating status.

2. The lightning arrester data monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The LoRa arrester detection node module operates based on an adaptive power algorithm; The adaptive power algorithm includes: A mean filtering mechanism is used to process several groups of signal strength RSP values ​​received by the LoRa arrester detection node module to obtain a target RSP; Obtain a corresponding table of node transmission power and power level division of the RSP, use the power level division corresponding table and the target RSP as a reference for the data link status between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, and automatically adjust the transmission power of the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module so that the transmission power is adjusted to a preset power; The data communication status under the preset power is evaluated according to the packet loss rate, and when the packet loss rate meets the threshold range, the data link communication between the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is performed at the preset power.

3. The arrester data monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mean filtering mechanism is used to process several groups of signal strength RSP values ​​received by the LoRa arrester detection node module to obtain the target RSP, including: Determine a plurality of groups of signal strengths RSP received by the LoRa arrester detection node module, and remove the RSPs whose jumps are greater than a preset threshold to obtain the remaining RSPs; The remaining RSPs are averaged to obtain the target RSP.

4. The lightning arrester data monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sending of the operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module by LoRa comprises: Before sending the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, perform CAD detection on the preamble of the LoRa data packet on the channel; If the channel is detected to have the preamble code, back off from the channel by randomly delaying a preset time slot; When it is determined that the operation data is lost or the channel cannot be seized, the unsent operation data is written into a buffer, the operation data is resent after a set time period, and a maximum number of resends is set; Continue to perform CAD detection on the channel after the preset time slot ends until the channel is idle, and send the operation data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, or until the channel is not idle and exceeds the maximum number of retransmissions; After the LoRa arrester detection node module sends the operation data, a waiting time window is opened, and if a reply frame is received within the waiting time window, it is determined that the operation data is sent successfully; If no reply frame is received, the operation data is written into a buffer, and the operation data is resent within the set time period.

5. The lightning arrester data monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset time slot is determined according to a backoff time slot calculation formula; The backoff time slot calculation formula is: Among them, NB indicates the number of times the CSMA / CA algorithm has executed random backoff when competing for the channel. The NB value increases by 1 each time a backoff occurs, and its maximum value defaults to 4. The NB value is initialized to 0 at the beginning of each channel competition. BE is the backoff index, which indicates the upper limit of the random backoff range when the node competes for the channel. The default value of BE is 3, and the default maximum value is 5. The BE value is affected by the two parameters minBE and maxBE. minBE indicates the initial value set each time an attempt is made to access the channel, and maxBE is the maximum value. The BE value increases by 1 each time a backoff occurs. BE n-1 Indicates the backoff index for the n-1th time; NB n-1 It indicates the n-1th backoff number, which is used to reflect the current network channel usage status for any node. The value range of NB is [0,4]. t indicates the unit time interval of backoff, and p is the priority weight of the node. The priority weights are set to 0.5, 1, and 2 from high to low.

6. The arrester data monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The LoRa arrester detection node module monitors the operating data of the arrester, and sends the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method, including: If the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module monitors the leakage current signal of the lightning arrester, the voltage signal of the lightning arrester is detected; If overvoltage is determined according to the voltage signal, a leakage current alarm signal and an overvoltage alarm signal are sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa; If it is determined that the voltage is normal according to the voltage signal, the leakage current alarm signal is sent to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via the LoRa method.

7. A lightning arrester data monitoring system for optimizing LoRa networking, characterized in that: The system comprises: LoRa arrester detection node module, LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, remote control platform module, on-site arrester control terminal module and circuit switch remote control; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is respectively connected to the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module, the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module, the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module is connected to the circuit switch remote control and the lightning arrester, and the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module is connected to the lightning arrester; The LoRa arrester detection node module is used to monitor the operating data of the arrester and send the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module via LoRa; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is used to receive the operation data and send the operation data to the remote control platform module through the GPRS network; The remote control platform module is used to perform data analysis on the operating data to determine the operating status of the arrester; The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module is also used to exchange information with the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module through the CAN network, so that the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module uses the circuit switch remote control to process the lightning arrester according to the operating status.

8. The arrester data monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The LoRa arrester detection node module includes: Power supply module, data acquisition and conditioning circuit module, AD conversion module, first MCU main control module, first LoRa radio frequency module; The power supply module includes a battery power supply circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit; The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module includes a current transformer, an I / U conversion circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage boost circuit, a voltage transformer and a voltage step-down circuit; The first MCU main control module includes a single chip microcomputer and peripheral circuits; The power supply module is connected to the first MCU main control module, the first MCU main control module is connected to the first LoRa radio frequency module and the AD conversion module, and the AD conversion module is connected to the data acquisition and conditioning circuit module; The power supply module is used for supplying power; The data acquisition and conditioning circuit module is used to collect the leakage current signal and voltage signal of the arrester, wherein the leakage current signal is collected by the current transformer using electromagnetic coupling, and the voltage signal is collected by the voltage transformer, the collected voltage signal is stepped down by the step-down circuit, the leakage current signal and the stepped-down voltage signal are filtered by the filter current to eliminate interference, and then the filtered leakage current signal and voltage signal are input into the AD conversion module through the boost circuit; The AD conversion module is used to convert the input leakage current signal and the voltage signal from analog signals into digital signals to obtain the operation data of the arrester; The first MCU main control module is used to respond to the converted operating data and send the operating data to the first LoRa radio frequency module; The first LoRa radio frequency module is used to send the operating data to the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module, and the operating data includes a leakage current alarm signal, a voltage signal and an overvoltage alarm signal.

9. The lightning arrester data monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module includes: Power module, second LoRa radio frequency module, GPRS module, CAN communication module, second MCU main control module, low temperature alarm module, thin film display module, I / 0 expansion module and buzzer module; The power supply module includes a power surge protection circuit and a DC-DC conversion circuit; The low temperature alarm module includes a temperature sensor; The second MCU main control module is respectively connected to the power module, the second LoRa radio frequency module, the GPRS module, the CAN communication module, the low temperature alarm module, the thin film display module, the I / O expansion module and the buzzer module; The power module is used for supplying power; The second LoRa radio frequency module is used to receive the operation data sent by the first LoRa radio frequency module; The GPRS module and the CAN communication module perform data transmission with the second MCU main control module based on the serial communication protocol, so as to realize information transmission with the remote control platform module; The second MCU main control module is used to control, receive and process the operating data sent by the LoRa lightning arrester detection node module and the information interaction with the remote control platform module and the on-site lightning arrester control terminal module; The I / O expansion module is used for expanding the I / O port, so that the signal sent by the second MCU main control module drives the LED signal light on the thin film display module through two I2C expansion ports; The buzzer module is used to receive the control signal of the second MCU main control module and send out an alarm signal; The thin film display module is used to display the parameters and working status of the LoRa arrester detection node module and the LoRa-GPRS concentrator gateway module; The low temperature alarm module is used to send a low temperature alarm signal to the second MUC main control module when it is determined that the ambient temperature is lower than 5 degrees Celsius.

10. The arrester data monitoring system according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The system adopts the SSN communication protocol, which is based on the OSI seven-layer model.

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