Automobile awning glass and manufacturing process thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses automobile sunscreen glass and a manufacturing process thereof, and relates to the technical field of sunscreen glass, the automobile sunscreen glass comprises a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate, a plurality of functional film layers are arranged between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate according to a certain specification in any sequence, the multi-layer functional film layer comprises a heat insulation heating layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, an electrochromic layer and a thermoplastic film layer, the photoelectric conversion layer is a flexible thin film photovoltaic module, it is ensured that the photoelectric conversion layer is attached to the curved surface of the glass, performance loss and product damage caused by mismatching of a battery piece and the molded surface of the glass are effectively reduced, and the service life of the battery piece is prolonged. The heat insulation heating layer can quickly melt accumulated snow on the roof through a heating function, and driving safety is guaranteed. The electrochromism layer can realize continuous and uniform dimming under the action of an external electric field, can intelligently sense external illumination and temperature conditions, and can automatically adjust the light transmittance; and finally, multiple functions such as intelligent dimming, sound insulation and heat insulation, ultraviolet filtering and melting of accumulated snow on the automobile roof are achieved, and the comfortable experience feeling of automobile riding is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of skylight glass, and in particular to a car skylight glass and a manufacturing process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic glass can not only increase the range of electric vehicles and reduce dependence on traditional charging piles, but also provide power for the air conditioning and ventilation systems in the car, improving riding comfort. At the same time, it also provides power for auxiliary systems such as lighting and audio, effectively improving the service life and efficiency of the on-board battery, showing the dual advantages of environmental protection and energy saving.

[0003] At present, the common skylight and side window glass on the market are mostly tempered single-piece structures, which have poor sound insulation and heat insulation performance. Although there is the option of laminated glass, the heat shielding effect is still limited, which is difficult to meet the growing needs of consumers. There are also panoramic skylights that use dimming glass to adjust the brightness through switches, but this fixed mode cannot flexibly adapt to changes in the external environment, the user experience is limited, and there are potential driving safety hazards. At the same time, the car skylight glass adopts a curved design, and solar cells (such as monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon) are mostly flat brittle materials. When the two are bonded, the mismatch between the photovoltaic components and the curved skylight glass is prone to deformation and breakage of the cells. This mismatch often leads to excessive edge stress during the bonding process, which in turn causes the glass to break. Even if the bonding is successful, long-term plastic deformation may also cause fatigue self-cracking of the brittle material, thereby reducing the service life of the product. This problem is more prominent when the curvature of the skylight glass is large. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automobile skylight glass and a manufacturing process thereof to solve the following technical problems:

[0005] 1. How to improve the fit between photovoltaic modules and skylight glass.

[0006] 2. How to improve the light transmittance of skylight glass and realize dimming function.

[0007] 3. How to enrich the functions of skylight glass.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] In the first aspect, the present invention discloses an automobile skylight glass, comprising a first glass substrate and a second glass substrate, wherein a multilayer functional film layer arranged in an arbitrary order is provided between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, and the multilayer functional film layer comprises a heat insulation and heating layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, an electrochromic layer and a thermoplastic film layer.

[0010] Among them, the first glass substrate is on the top, which is the glass substrate in contact with the outside world, and the second glass substrate is on the bottom, which is the glass substrate in contact with the interior of the vehicle. According to this up and down pointing relationship, the photoelectric conversion layer needs to be located above the electrochromic layer to avoid affecting power generation during dimming.

[0011] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are alkali metal oxide glass substrates.

[0012] Furthermore, the alkali metal oxide glass raw sheet is a float glass raw sheet of sodium oxide or potassium oxide, and its transmittance in the range of 320-1100nm (photovoltaic response wavelength of solar cells) reaches more than 93%, achieving high transmittance; and its internal stress is low and the mechanical strength and stability are high, which can prevent the product from self-explosion due to stress changes caused by temperature changes when used in extremely low temperature areas.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the present invention: the thermal insulation and heating layer includes at least three layers of low-resistance metal film layers and at least one layer of silver-based layer, and the silver-based layer is arranged between the at least three layers of the low-resistance metal film layers; in order to maintain a balance between cost and efficiency, the number of silver-based coatings generally does not exceed three, and by reasonably matching film layers with different conductive properties, costs can be reduced while ensuring good performance.

[0014] Furthermore, the material of the low-resistance metal film is a composite film layer formed by doping one or more of pure metal and metal compound.

[0015] Furthermore, the pure metal is any one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), and the metal oxide is any one of indium oxide (I n2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cupric oxide (CuO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), and cuprous iodide (CuI).

[0016] Furthermore, the silver-based layer is a doped layer formed by silver-based doped metals or metal compounds, including a metallic silver layer, a silver-copper alloy layer, a silver-nickel alloy layer, and a silver oxide layer; wherein the mass ratio of the silver element in the silver-based layer is 80%-100%.

[0017] Preferably, the thermal insulation and heating layer includes a silver-based layer, and the composition of the thermal insulation and heating layer is Ag: NiCr / ZnO / ITO(I n2O3:Sn), its square resistance is 2.7Ω / □-3.7Ω / □, and the shading coefficient SC is 50%-57%.

[0018] Preferably, the thermal insulation and heating layer includes two silver-based layers, and the composition of the thermal insulation and heating layer is Ag / ZnO / Ag: NiCr / AZO(ZnO:Al) / ITO(In2O3:Sn), its square resistance is 1.5Ω / □-2.5Ω / □, and the shading coefficient SC is 35%-45%.

[0019] Preferably, the thermal insulation and heating layer includes three silver-based layers, and the composition of the thermal insulation and heating layer is Ag: NiCr / ZnO / Ag: NiCr / AZO(ZnO:Al) / ITO(In2O3:Sn) / In2O3 / Ag / ITO(In2O3:Sn), its square resistance is 0.6Ω / □-1.1Ω / □, and the shading coefficient SC is 30%-33%.

[0020] Furthermore, the thermal insulation and heating layer also includes a dielectric layer, which is arranged between the first glass substrate or the second glass substrate in contact with the low-resistance metal film layer, and the material of the dielectric layer is any one of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and silicon nitride (Si3N4); the dielectric layer can enhance the bonding force between the low-resistance metal film layer and the glass substrate to prevent the film layer from falling off during the subsequent hot bending process.

[0021] In a further scheme of the present invention: multiple groups of protective layers are provided, and the multiple groups of protective layers are respectively arranged between adjacent functional film layers; the material of the protective layer is silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (Si3N4), which has good insulation and thermal stability, extremely low expansion coefficient, and good connectivity with other film materials. It can separate the photoelectric conversion layer, the electrochromic layer and the thermal insulation heating layer to prevent the application of a control electrical signal to one of the functional film layers from affecting the other functional film layer when the two film layers are superimposed on each other, and also plays a certain protective role on the film layer.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the photoelectric conversion layer is a cadmium telluride thin film solar cell module, and the structure of the cadmium telluride thin film solar cell module includes a transparent conductive layer, an absorption layer, a window layer, a back contact layer, and a back electrode layer in sequence.

[0023] Furthermore, the material of the transparent conductive layer is a composite material of zinc oxide and aluminum (AZO), which serves as an electrode of a solar cell and has high light transmittance and good conductivity; the absorption layer is a cadmium telluride (CdTe) film, which serves as the main light absorption layer of the solar cell and has a high absorption efficiency for sunlight in the visible light range; the material of the window layer is one or both of cadmium sulfide (CdS) or cadmium selenide (CdSe) doped to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell; the material of the back contact layer is one or more of silver, aluminum, copper, and molybdenum, which is used to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell; the back electrode layer is a conductive copper foil tape installed on the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer through a conductive adhesive, and the conductive copper foil tape is led out and connected to the inverter to connect the circuit and transmit electrons.

[0024] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the electrochromic layer comprises a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic dimming layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer and a second transparent conductive layer arranged in sequence; the electrochromic layer can achieve uniform and rapid dimming under the control of an external electric field.

[0025] Furthermore, the material of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO), which serves as the electrode of the electrochromic layer and has high light transmittance and good conductivity; the material of the electrochromic layer is any one of tungsten oxide (WO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), and iridium oxide (IrO2), which can undergo a reversible redox reaction under the action of an external electric field, thereby changing its color state; the material of the electrolyte layer is any one of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), potassium borofluoride (KBF4), and lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), which can provide electrolyte ions for the electrochromic layer; the material of the ion storage layer is any one of nickel oxide (NiO), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is used to store ions provided by the electrolyte layer.

[0026] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the thermoplastic film layer is a PVB film.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further discloses a manufacturing process of the above-mentioned automobile skylight glass, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: Preprocessing

[0029] Cut the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate into the required shapes, grind off the sharp edges and corners, clean and dry them, and ensure that the surface is free of pollution; print an ink layer with a thickness of 0.1mm-0.45mm on the designated edge position of the second glass substrate 2 by a printing machine;

[0030] S2: Coating

[0031] Depositing a heat-insulating heating layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and an electrochromic layer in any order on the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 dried in step S1 by a sputtering deposition method, and depositing a protective layer by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to obtain a coated first glass substrate;

[0032] S3: Hot bending

[0033] The first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 after coating in step S2 are preheated, formed, annealed, and cooled respectively, so that the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 are both arc-shaped, and the highest point in the middle of the arc is 5 mm to 40 mm higher than the lowest point of the edge;

[0034] S4: Install busbar

[0035] The first busbar strip is installed at the edge of the heat insulation and heating layer 3 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the second busbar strip is installed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the third busbar strip is installed at the edge of the electrochromic layer 6 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the busbar strips are all conductive copper foils with a thickness of 0.1-0.35 mm;

[0036] S5: Assembly

[0037] The first glass substrate 1, the thermoplastic film layer 7, and the second glass substrate 2 are laminated from top to bottom in sequence, with a lamination difference of ≤2mm. The ambient temperature of the lamination room is 25°C and the relative humidity is 18%-23%. During the lamination process, air bubbles between the layers are eliminated by vacuuming, and the layers are closely attached to each other by high temperature and high pressure treatment to obtain the automotive skylight glass;

[0038] S6: Testing

[0039] The automobile skylight glass obtained in step S5 is subjected to circuit continuity test, photovoltaic component test, coating heating function test and intelligent dimming component test respectively.

[0040] In a further embodiment of the present invention: in step S3:

[0041] For the first glass substrate 1, during preheating, the glass temperature is raised from room temperature to 500°C-535°C, and during molding, the glass temperature is maintained at 560°C±15°C. The external force causes the glass to gradually sag and fit around the mold to form a spherical surface, thereby achieving the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 255°C±20°C for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to room temperature in 25S-30S;

[0042] For the second glass substrate 2, during preheating, the glass temperature rises from room temperature to 500℃-535℃, and during molding, the glass temperature is maintained at 550℃±15℃. The external force causes the glass to gradually sag and fit around the mold to form a spherical surface, thereby achieving the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 245℃±20℃ for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to 45℃-60℃ within 25S-30S.

[0043] In a further scheme of the present invention: in step S5, the method of eliminating interlayer bubbles by vacuuming is a rubber ring decompression method, the glass and the diaphragm are clamped together and a rubber ring is put around them, the tap is connected to the vacuum tube, cold pumping removes 70% of the air between the glass and the diaphragm, and hot pumping makes the glass and the diaphragm initially bond together.

[0044] In a further embodiment of the present invention: in step S5, the steps of making the layers closely fit each other by high temperature and high pressure treatment sequentially include a temperature rising and pressure rising stage, a temperature keeping and pressure holding stage, and a temperature falling and pressure reducing stage, wherein in the temperature rising and pressure raising stage, the temperature rises from room temperature to 110℃-120℃, and as the temperature rises, the pressure rises to 3.0bar-3.5bar, and then the temperature continues to rise to 120℃-140℃, and the pressure is supplemented to 8bar-10bar; in the temperature keeping and pressure holding stage, the temperature is maintained at 120℃-140℃ and the pressure is maintained at 8bar-10bar for 50min-80min; in the temperature falling and pressure reducing stage, the temperature is reduced to 40℃-60℃ and then the pressure is reduced until it drops to atmospheric pressure.

[0045] In a further embodiment of the present invention: in step S6,

[0046] The method of circuit continuity test is: comprehensive control system self-checking process to see if the circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited;

[0047] The method of testing photovoltaic modules is to test whether photovoltaic power generation can be carried out, whether the generated current can be converted into a regulated current of a specified frequency by the inverter, whether the generated current can be distributed by the integrated control system, and whether the junction box can play a role in protecting the circuit;

[0048] The method of coating heating function test is: testing the heating capacity of the heat-insulating heating functional layer, whether it can automatically start heating according to environmental conditions, and whether the heating function can be regulated by the vehicle PC;

[0049] The method for testing the intelligent dimming component is to test whether the glass transmittance can be intelligently adjusted according to changes in light and temperature, and whether the glass transmittance can be directly controlled by the on-board PC.

[0050] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0051] 1. The automobile skylight glass of the present invention is based on photovoltaic power generation and laminated skylight glass technology. A multi-layer functional film layer is arranged between the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, including a heat insulation and heating layer, a protective layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, a protective layer, an electrochromic layer, and a thermoplastic film layer. It integrates multiple functions such as intelligent dimming, sound insulation and heat insulation, ultraviolet ray filtering, and melting snow on the roof, thereby realizing efficient energy utilization and improving the comfortable experience of car riding.

[0052] 2. The photoelectric conversion layer in the automobile skylight glass of the present invention adopts a thin-film solar cell assembly, which effectively improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell. The thermal insulation and heating layer includes a low-resistance transparent conductive film and a silver-based coating. The unique film structure has high transmittance for light in the 380-1100nm band (photovoltaic response wavelength of solar cells) and high reflectivity for light in the 8-15um band. At the same time, the thermal insulation and heating layer can quickly melt snow on the roof through the heating function to ensure driving safety; the electrochromic layer can achieve continuous and uniform dimming under the action of an external electric field, can intelligently sense external light and temperature conditions, and automatically adjust the transmittance to achieve optimal lighting and comfort. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the automobile skylight glass in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automobile skylight glass in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] See also Figure 1 This embodiment discloses an automobile skylight glass of the present invention, whose structure includes a first glass substrate 1, a heat insulation and heating layer 3, a protective layer 4, a photoelectric conversion layer 5, a protective layer 4, an electrochromic layer 6, a thermoplastic film layer 7, and a second glass substrate 2 stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

[0059] It should be noted that the arrangement order of the heat-insulating heating layer 3, the protective layer 4, the photoelectric conversion layer 5, the electrochromic layer 6, and the thermoplastic film layer 7 as functional film layers is not limited to the arrangement order in this embodiment, but can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0060] In this embodiment, in a corresponding order from top to bottom, the structures and materials of each film layer are as follows.

[0061] First glass substrate 1: a float glass substrate of sodium oxide;

[0062] Thermal insulation and heating layer 3: TiO2 / Ag / ZnO / I n2O3:Sn;

[0063] Protective layer 4: Si3N4;

[0064] Photoelectric conversion layer 5: ZnO: Al / CdS / CdTe / MO

[0065] Protective layer 4: Si3N4;

[0066] Electrochromic layer 6: In2O3:Sn / WO3 / LiAsF6 / TiO2 / In2O3:Sn

[0067] Thermoplastic film layer 7: PVB film layer

[0068] Second glass substrate 2: Sodium oxide float glass original sheet.

[0069] Based on this, the overall structure of the skylight glass in this embodiment is: sodium oxide float glass original sheet / T i O2 / Ag / ZnO / In2O3:Sn / S i3N4 / Zn:Al / CdS / CdTe / MO / S i3N4 / I n2O3:Sn / WO3 / L iAsF6 / T i O2 / In2O3:Sn / PVB film layer / sodium oxide float glass original sheet.

[0070] Next, each layer structure is introduced in detail as follows.

[0071] The first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2:

[0072] The first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 are alkali metal oxide glass sheets. For example, in the present embodiment, both are float glass sheets of sodium oxide. However, it should be noted that in other embodiments, both can also use other alkali metal oxide glass sheets, such as float glass sheets of potassium oxide. The transmittance of these materials in the range of 320nm-1100nm (photovoltaic response wavelength of solar cells) reaches more than 93%, achieving high transmittance. In addition, the internal stress is low and the mechanical strength and stability are high, which can prevent the product from self-explosion due to stress changes caused by temperature changes when used in extremely low temperature areas.

[0073] Thermal insulation and heating layer 3:

[0074] The thermal insulation heating layer 3 includes at least three layers of low-resistance metal film layers and at least one layer of silver-based layer, and the silver-based layer is arranged between the at least three layers of the low-resistance metal film layers; in order to maintain a balance between cost and efficiency, the number of silver-based coatings generally does not exceed three. By reasonably matching film layers with different conductive properties, costs can be reduced while ensuring good performance; a dielectric layer is provided on the contact surface of the first glass substrate or the second glass substrate in contact with the low-resistance metal film layer, and the dielectric layer can enhance the bonding force between the low-resistance metal film layer and the glass substrate to prevent the film layer from falling off during subsequent hot bending.

[0075] For example, in the present embodiment, the thermal insulation and heating layer 3 includes two layers of low-resistance metal film layers (ZnO / I n2O3:Sn), a silver base layer (Ag) and a dielectric layer (TiO2). However, it should be noted that the structure and material of the thermal insulation and heating layer 3 are not limited to the structure and material in the present embodiment. In other embodiments, the structure and material of the thermal insulation and heating layer 3 can also be adjusted accordingly, as long as the number of low-resistance metal film layers is not less than three layers and the number of silver base layers is not less than one layer. In other embodiments, the material of the low-resistance metal film can be a pure metal, a metal compound or a composite film layer formed by doping two or more of the metal compounds. The pure metal is any one of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag). The metal oxide is indium oxide (I n2O3), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), and cuprous iodide (Cu2O). I); the silver-based layer is a doped layer formed by a silver-based doped metal or a metal compound, including a metallic silver layer, a silver-copper alloy layer, a silver-nickel alloy layer, and a silver oxide layer; wherein the mass ratio of the silver element in the silver-based layer is 80%-100%; the material of the dielectric layer is any one of titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and silicon nitride (Si3N4).

[0076] Protective layer 4:

[0077] There are multiple groups of protective layers 4, and the multiple groups of protective layers 4 are respectively arranged between adjacent functional film layers; for example, in this embodiment, there are two groups of protective layers 4, and the two groups of protective layers 4 are respectively arranged between the thermal insulation and heating layer 3 and the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and between the photoelectric conversion layer 5 and the electrochromic layer 6; the materials of the two groups of protective layers 4 are both silicon nitride (Si3N4), but it should be noted that the material of the protective layer is not limited to the material in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the material of the protective layer 4 can also be silicon dioxide (SiO2) and the like. These materials have good insulation and thermal stability, extremely low expansion coefficient, and good connectivity with other film materials. They can separate the photoelectric conversion layer, the electrochromic layer and the thermal insulation and heating layer to prevent the application of a control voltage to one of the functional film layers from affecting the other functional film layer when the two film layers are superimposed on each other, and also play a certain protective role on the film layer.

[0078] Photoelectric conversion layer 5:

[0079] The photoelectric conversion layer 5 is a cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell module, and the structure of the cadmium telluride thin-film solar cell module includes a transparent conductive layer, an absorption layer, a window layer, a back contact layer, and a back electrode layer in sequence; in this embodiment, the material of the transparent conductive layer is a composite material of zinc oxide and aluminum (AZO), which serves as the front electrode of the solar cell and has high light transmittance and good conductivity; the absorption layer is a cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film, which serves as the main light absorption layer of the solar cell and has a high absorption efficiency for sunlight in the visible light range; the material of the window layer is doped with cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe), which is used to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell; the material of the back contact layer is molybdenum; and the back electrode layer is used to connect the circuit and transmit electrons.

[0080] However, it should be noted that the materials of the window layer and the back contact layer are not limited to the materials in this embodiment. In other embodiments, the materials of the window layer and the back contact layer may also be different. For example, the material of the window layer may be any one of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe), and the material of the back contact layer may be one or more of silver, aluminum, copper, and molybdenum.

[0081] A conductive copper foil tape is installed on the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 through a conductive adhesive, and the conductive copper foil tape is led out and connected to the inverter, thereby realizing photoelectric conversion.

[0082] Electrochromic layer 6:

[0083] The electrochromic layer 6 includes a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, an electrolyte layer, an ion storage layer and a second transparent conductive layer arranged in sequence; the electrochromic layer can achieve uniform and rapid dimming under the control of an external electric field.

[0084] In this embodiment, the material of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is indium tin oxide (ITO); the material of the electrochromic layer is selective tungsten oxide (WO3); the material of the electrolyte layer is lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6); the material of the ion storage layer is titanium dioxide (TiO2); the material of the second transparent conductive layer is the same as that of the first transparent conductive layer, which is also indium tin oxide (ITO), which serves as the electrode of the electrochromic layer and has high light transmittance and good conductivity.

[0085] However, it should be noted that the materials of each film layer in the electrochromic layer 6 are not limited to the materials in this embodiment. In other embodiments, other suitable materials can also be selected; for example, the material of the electrochromic layer can also be any one of titanium oxide (TiO2) and iridium oxide (IrO2), which can undergo a reversible redox reaction under the action of an external electric field, thereby changing its color state; the material of the electrolyte layer can also be sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) or potassium borofluoride (KBF4), which can provide electrolyte ions for the electrochromic layer; the material of the ion storage layer can also be nickel oxide (NiO) or zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), which is used to store ions provided by the electrolyte layer.

[0086] Thermoplastic film layer 7:

[0087] The thermoplastic film layer is a PVB film.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] See also Figure 2 This embodiment discloses, on the basis of Embodiment 1, an automobile skylight glass of the present invention which is different from Embodiment 1, and its structure includes a first glass substrate 1, a heat insulation and heating layer 3, a protective layer 4, a photoelectric conversion layer 5, a thermoplastic film layer 7, an electrochromic layer 6, and a second glass substrate 2 which are stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

[0090] In this embodiment, in a corresponding order from top to bottom, the structures and materials of each film layer are as follows.

[0091] First glass substrate 1: a float glass original sheet of potassium oxide;

[0092] Thermal insulation and heating layer 3: TiO2 / Ag / ZnO / Ag:NiCr / ZnO:Al / In2O3:Sn;

[0093] Protective layer 4: SiO2

[0094] Photoelectric conversion layer 5: ZnO: Al / CdS / CdTe / Mo

[0095] Thermoplastic film layer 7: PVB film layer

[0096] Electrochromic layer 6: In2O3:Sn / WO3 / LiAsF6 / TiO2 / In2O3:Sn

[0097] Second glass substrate 2: original sheet of potassium oxide float glass.

[0098] Based on this, the overall structure of the skylight glass in this embodiment is: potassium oxide float glass original sheet / TiO2 / Ag / ZnO / Ag: NiCr / ZnO:Al / In2O3:Sn / SiO2 / ZnO:Al / cdS / CdTe / Mo / PVB film layer / In2O3:Sn / WO3 / LiAsF6 / TiO2 / In2O3:Sn / potassium oxide float glass original sheet.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] This embodiment discloses a manufacturing process of automobile sunroof glass. The automobile sunroof glass in Embodiments 1-2 is prepared by the manufacturing process, which includes the following steps:

[0101] S1: Preprocessing

[0102] The first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are cut into the required shapes, and sharp edges are ground off and then cleaned and dried to ensure that the surface is free of pollution; an ink layer with a thickness of 0.1mm-0.45mm is printed on the designated edge position of the second glass substrate 2 by a printing machine.

[0103] S2: Coating

[0104] A heat insulating heating layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and an electrochromic layer are deposited in any order on the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 dried in step S1 by sputtering deposition, and a protective layer is deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition to obtain a coated first glass substrate.

[0105] S3: Hot bending

[0106] The first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 after coating in step S2 are preheated, formed, annealed, and cooled respectively, so that the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 are both arc-shaped, and the highest point in the middle of the arc is 30 mm higher than the edge;

[0107] For the first glass substrate 1, during preheating, the glass temperature is raised from room temperature to 500°C-535°C, and during molding, the glass temperature is maintained at 560°C±15°C. The external force causes the glass to gradually sag and fit around the mold to form a spherical surface, thereby achieving the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 255°C±20°C for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to room temperature in 25S-30S;

[0108] For the second glass substrate 2, during preheating, the glass temperature rises from room temperature to 500℃-535℃, and during molding, the glass temperature is maintained at 550℃±15℃. Under the action of external force, the glass gradually sags and fits around the mold to form a spherical surface, thereby achieving the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 245℃±20℃ for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to 45℃-60℃ within 25S-30S.

[0109] S4: Install busbar

[0110] The first busbar strip is installed at the edge of the thermal insulation and heating layer 3 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the second busbar strip is installed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the third busbar strip is installed at the edge of the electrochromic layer 6 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the busbar strips are all conductive copper foils with a thickness of 0.3 mm.

[0111] S5: Assembly

[0112] The first glass substrate 1, the thermoplastic film layer 7 and the second glass substrate 2 are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, with a stacking difference of ≤2mm. The ambient temperature in the lamination room is 25°C and the relative humidity is 18%-23%. During the lamination process, air bubbles between the layers are eliminated by vacuuming. The rubber ring decompression method is used to clamp the glass and the diaphragm together and put a rubber ring around them. The tap is connected to the vacuum tube, and 70% of the air between the glass and the diaphragm is removed by cold pumping. The glass and the diaphragm are initially combined by hot pumping. Through high temperature and high pressure treatment, the layers are tightly fitted together, including the temperature rising and pressure rising stage, the temperature keeping and pressure maintaining stage, and the temperature falling and pressure reducing stage. In the temperature rising and pressure increasing stage, the temperature rises from room temperature to 110℃-120℃, and as the temperature rises, the pressure rises to 3.0bar-3.5bar. Thereafter, the temperature continues to rise to 120℃-140℃, and the pressure begins to be supplemented to 8bar-10bar; in the temperature keeping and pressure maintaining stage, the temperature of 120℃-140℃ and the pressure of 8bar-10bar are maintained for 50min-80min; in the temperature falling and pressure reducing stage, the temperature is reduced to 40℃-60℃ and then the pressure is reduced until it drops to atmospheric pressure to obtain the automobile skylight glass.

[0113] S6: Testing

[0114] The automobile skylight glass obtained in step S5 is respectively subjected to a circuit continuity test, a photovoltaic component test, a coating heating function test, and an intelligent dimming component test;

[0115] The method of circuit continuity test is: comprehensive control system self-checking process to see if the circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited;

[0116] The method of testing photovoltaic modules is to test whether photovoltaic power generation can be carried out, whether the generated current can be converted into a regulated current of a specified frequency by the inverter, whether the generated current can be distributed by the integrated control system, and whether the junction box can play a role in protecting the circuit;

[0117] The method of coating heating function test is: testing the heating capacity of the heat-insulating heating functional layer, whether it can automatically start heating according to environmental conditions, and whether the heating function can be regulated by the vehicle PC;

[0118] The method for testing the intelligent dimming component is to test whether the glass transmittance can be intelligently adjusted according to changes in light and temperature, and whether the glass transmittance can be directly controlled by the on-board PC.

[0119] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction and a specific direction structure and operation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0120] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0121] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A car skylight glass, comprising a first glass substrate 1 and a second glass substrate 2, characterized in that: A plurality of functional film layers arranged in any order are provided between the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 , and the plurality of functional film layers include a heat insulation and heating layer 3 , a photoelectric conversion layer 5 , an electrochromic layer 6 and a thermoplastic film layer 7 .

2. The automotive skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating heating layer 3 includes at least three layers of low-resistance metal film layers, and the at least three layers of low-resistance metal film layers include at least one layer of silver-based layer.

3. The automotive skylight glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The silver-based layer is a doped layer formed by silver-based doped metals or metal compounds, including a metallic silver layer, a silver-copper alloy layer, a silver-nickel alloy layer, and a silver oxide layer; wherein the mass ratio of the silver element in the silver-based layer is 80%-100%.

4. The automotive skylight glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat-insulating heating layer 3 further includes a dielectric layer, which is disposed between the first glass substrate 1 or the second glass substrate 2 in contact with the low-resistance metal film layer, and the dielectric layer is made of any one of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride.

5. The automotive skylight glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective layer 4 is provided between adjacent functional film layers, and the material of the protective layer 4 is silicon dioxide or silicon nitride.

6. A process for manufacturing the automotive skylight glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Preprocessing Cut the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 into the required shapes, grind off the sharp edges and corners, clean and dry them, and ensure that the surface is free of pollution; print an ink layer with a thickness of 0.1mm-0.45mm on the designated edge position of the second glass substrate 2 by a printing machine; S2: Coating A heat-insulating heating layer 3, a photoelectric conversion layer 5 and an electrochromic layer 6 are deposited in any order on the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 dried in step S1 by a sputtering deposition method, and a protective layer 4 is deposited by a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method to obtain a coated first glass substrate 1; S3: Hot bending The first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 after coating in step S2 are preheated, formed, annealed, and cooled respectively, so that the first glass substrate 1 and the second glass substrate 2 are both arc-shaped, and the highest point in the middle of the arc is 5 mm to 40 mm higher than the lowest point of the edge; S4: Install busbar The first busbar strip is installed at the edge of the heat insulation and heating layer 3 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the second busbar strip is installed at the edge of the photoelectric conversion layer 5 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the third busbar strip is installed at the edge of the electrochromic layer 6 by means of conductive adhesive and is led out; the busbar strips are all conductive copper foils with a thickness of 0.1-0.35 mm; S5: Assembly The first glass substrate 1, the thermoplastic film layer 7, and the second glass substrate 2 are laminated from top to bottom in sequence, with a lamination difference of ≤2mm. The ambient temperature of the lamination room is 25°C and the relative humidity is 18%-23%. During the lamination process, air bubbles between the layers are eliminated by vacuuming, and the layers are closely attached to each other by high temperature and high pressure treatment to obtain the automotive skylight glass; S6: Testing The automobile skylight glass obtained in step S5 is subjected to circuit continuity test, photovoltaic component test, coating heating function test and intelligent dimming component test respectively.

7. The manufacturing process of automobile skylight glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3: For the first glass substrate 1 after coating in step S2, the glass is heated from room temperature to 500°C-535°C during preheating, and the glass temperature is maintained at 560°C±15°C during molding. The glass is gradually drooped by external force to fit around the mold to form a spherical surface, so as to meet the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 255°C±20°C for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to room temperature in 25S-30S; For the second glass substrate 2 with the ink layer printed in step S1, the glass temperature is raised from room temperature to 500°C-535°C during preheating, and the glass temperature is maintained at 550°C±15°C during molding. The external force causes the glass to gradually sag and fit around the mold to form a spherical surface, thereby achieving the curvature and spherical surface requirements of the final product; during annealing, the glass temperature is maintained at 245°C±20°C for 10S-20S, and during cooling, the glass is cooled to 45°C-60°C within 25S-30S.

8. The manufacturing process of automobile skylight glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, the method of eliminating interlayer bubbles by vacuuming is the rubber ring decompression method. The glass and the diaphragm are clamped together and a rubber ring is put around them. The tap is connected to the vacuum tube, and 70% of the air between the glass and the diaphragm is removed by cold pumping. The glass and the diaphragm are initially combined by hot pumping.

9. The manufacturing process of automobile skylight glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, the steps of making the layers closely fit each other through high temperature and high pressure treatment include a temperature rising and pressure rising stage, a temperature keeping and pressure holding stage, and a temperature falling and pressure reducing stage. In the temperature rising and pressure raising stage, the temperature rises from room temperature to 110℃-120℃, and as the temperature rises, the pressure rises to 3.0bar-3.5bar. Thereafter, the temperature continues to rise to 120℃-140℃, and the pressure is supplemented to 8bar-10bar; in the temperature keeping and pressure holding stage, the temperature is maintained at 120℃-140℃ and the pressure is maintained at 8bar-10bar for 50min-80min; in the temperature falling and pressure reducing stage, the temperature is reduced to 40℃-60℃ and the pressure is then reduced until it drops to atmospheric pressure.

10. The manufacturing process of automobile skylight glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S6, The method of circuit continuity test is: comprehensive control system self-checking process to see if the circuit is short-circuited or open-circuited; The method of testing photovoltaic modules is to test whether photovoltaic power generation can be carried out, whether the generated current can be converted into a regulated current of a specified frequency by the inverter, whether the generated current can be distributed by the integrated control system, and whether the junction box can play a role in protecting the circuit; The method of testing the coating heating function is to test the heating capacity of the heat-insulating heating functional layer, whether it can automatically start heating according to environmental conditions, and whether the heating function can be regulated by the on-board PC; The method for testing the intelligent dimming component is to test whether the glass transmittance can be intelligently adjusted according to changes in light and temperature, and whether the glass transmittance can be directly controlled by the on-board PC.

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