Harvesting method for three-harvest of medicago sativa in alpine region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pasture cultivation, and provides a three-harvest-in-one-year harvesting method for medicago sativa in alpine regions, which comprises the following steps: S1, after the medicago sativa turns green to the initial flowering stage, fertilizing and irrigating, and after the first crop is cut, remaining stubbles for the first time; s2, after the first stubble is reserved, applying fertilizer, and after the second stubble is cut, reserving the stubble for the second time; and S3, after the second stubble is reserved, applying fertilizer, spraying a growth regulator, and after the third stubble is cut, reserving the stubble for the third time. By means of the technical scheme, the problem that in the related technology, three-harvest of alfalfa in alpine regions cannot be achieved in one year is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forage cultivation, and in particular to a method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in high-cold areas. Background Art

[0002] Alfalfa is a perennial legume forage with a long cultivation history and wide distribution in my country. It is rich in nutrition, high in yield and good in palatability, and is known as the "king of forage". The sustained and rapid development of my country's animal husbandry has led to a continuous increase in the demand for high-quality forage, which has promoted the effective development of the alfalfa industry.

[0003] Hulunbuir is one of the important animal husbandry bases. It is located in the high latitudes of my country. It has long and cold winters, short and warm summers, dry and windy springs, and a sharp drop in temperature in autumn, with early frost. The Hulunbuir region has abundant sunshine, and most of the precipitation is concentrated in July and August. Limited by the climate characteristics, the region implements a two-year mowing method for alfalfa two years after planting. The first mowing is usually in late June, and the second mowing is in late August to early September. This harvesting method sacrifices the yield of forage in the current year to ensure the greening rate of alfalfa in the following year. The local water and heat are synchronized in July and August, providing good climatic conditions for promoting the growth of alfalfa. If the current situation of two harvests a year in actual production can be changed, it will not only increase the yield of alfalfa in the current year, but also protect the safe wintering of alfalfa and promote early greening in the following year, laying the foundation for the yield in the following year. Therefore, conducting research and innovation on high-yield technology of alfalfa in high-altitude cold regions will provide support for artificial forage cultivation in high-altitude cold regions, which is of great significance to the rapid development of ecological grassland and animal husbandry in my country. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in high-cold areas, which solves the problem in the related art that alfalfa in high-cold areas cannot be harvested three times a year.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in a high-cold region, comprising the following steps: S1, when alfalfa turns green and blooms, fertilizes, irrigates, and leaves stubble for the first time after the first mowing; S2, after the first stubble leaving, fertilizing, mowing the second crop, and then leaving stubble for the second time; S3. After the second stubble leaving, fertilizing and spraying growth regulators, mowing the third crop, and leaving stubble for the third time.

[0006] As a further technical solution, when the first crop is mowed, the mowing time is from June 20 to June 30; The second mowing time is from August 1 to August 10; During the third mowing, the mowing time is from October 5th to October 15th.

[0007] When the first mowing time is June 20 to June 30, alfalfa plants have accumulated more nutrients and have avoided the fragile stage of early growth. Mowing during this period can not only ensure the yield of the first crop of alfalfa, but also regenerate quickly after the first mowing, laying the foundation for the growth of the second crop; when the second mowing time is August 1 to August 10, a reasonable growth interval can ensure that alfalfa can make full use of the favorable growth conditions in summer before the second mowing, with sufficient growth, to ensure the yield of the second crop, and also provide sufficient nutritional support for the greening the following year, thereby It can improve the greening rate in the following year, and at the same time, it will not cause plant aging due to too long growth time, which will affect the alfalfa yield; when the third mowing time is October 5th to October 15th, during the third growth period, alfalfa is easily affected by low temperature. In combination with the use of fertilizers, the third mowing time can be reasonably adjusted to ensure that the third crop of alfalfa can be harvested normally. At the same time, it provides nutritional support for alfalfa to overwinter, making the greening in the following year advance. Therefore, the three-crop mowing time can be reasonably adjusted to achieve three harvests of alfalfa a year in high-altitude areas, which can improve the greening rate in the following year and increase the total yield of alfalfa in the current year.

[0008] As a further technical solution, when leaving stubble for the first time, the stubble height is 5-8 cm; when leaving stubble for the second time, the stubble height is 5-8 cm; when leaving stubble for the third time, the stubble height is 8-10 cm.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the first mowing is performed when the alfalfa is in its initial flowering stage; the second mowing is performed when the alfalfa after the first stubble is left is in its bud to initial flowering stage; and the third mowing is performed when the alfalfa after the second stubble is left is in its initial flowering stage.

[0010] As a further technical solution, in step S1, the alfalfa is alfalfa planted next year.

[0011] As a further technical solution, in step S1, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 10-15 kg / mu.

[0012] As a further technical solution, in step S1, during irrigation, irrigation is performed when the soil moisture content is lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, and the irrigation volume is 700-900m 3 / hm 2 ; The thickness of the soil layer is 0~20cm.

[0013] As a further technical solution, in step S2, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied before rainfall, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 10-15 kg / mu; During the branching stage and budding stage of alfalfa after the first stubble, multi-functional foliar fertilizer specially used for alfalfa in cold and arid areas is sprayed independently. During the spraying, the number of spraying is ≥2, and the spraying amount is 2-3L / mu.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the multi-functional foliar fertilizer for alfalfa comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of 25% myclobutanil suspension, 6-10 parts of urea, 30-40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 10-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 10-16 parts of manganese sulfate, 2-3 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 0.01-0.05 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.05-0.1 parts of cobalt sulfate, and 1-2 parts of brassinolide.

[0015] The growth of the second crop of alfalfa coincides with high-altitude cold areas such as Hulunbuir, with abundant rainfall and suitable temperature. During this period, diammonium phosphate is used as base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer is applied to promote the rapid growth of alfalfa while suppressing diseases and pests. This can not only ensure the coordinated improvement of alfalfa yield and quality, but also reserve growth time for the third crop of alfalfa.

[0016] As a further technical solution, in step S3, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied in time after the second stubble, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-13 kg / mu.

[0017] As a further technical solution, in step S3, the growth regulator is one of brassinolide, gibberellin, and brown algae oligosaccharide.

[0018] The working principle and beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention selects alfalfa from high-cold areas. High-cold areas usually have a sudden drop in temperature in mid-September and a slight rise in temperature in October. By adjusting the frequency of alfalfa mowing and reasonably matching water and fertilizer management measures, three harvests a year can be achieved. Among them, the first crop of alfalfa is susceptible to drought during its growth period. Through reasonable irrigation and fertilization, the yield of the first crop of alfalfa can be guaranteed; during the growth period of the second crop of alfalfa, there is abundant rainfall and suitable temperature. Reasonable fertilization during this period can promote the rapid growth of alfalfa, which can not only ensure the coordinated improvement of alfalfa yield and quality, but also reserve growth time for the third crop of alfalfa; the third crop of alfalfa is susceptible to low temperature. In its early growth stage, base fertilizer is applied to accelerate its growth rate and provide material accumulation for alfalfa to resist low temperature.

[0019] The invention can realize three harvests in one year, which not only increases the yield of alfalfa in the current year and the greening rate in the next year, but also protects the alfalfa from wintering safely and promotes early greening in the next year. At the same time, the three-harvest-a-year method in the current year can increase the yield of alfalfa in the next year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the following embodiments and comparative examples, the multi-functional foliar fertilizer for alfalfa includes the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of 25% myclobutanil suspension, 6.2 parts of urea, 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 9.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 12 parts of zinc sulfate, 16 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 1.5 parts of boric acid, 0.05 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 parts of cobalt sulfate, and 1 part of brassinolide.

[0022] Example 1 A method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in a high-cold region comprises the following steps: S1. From the greening stage to the initial flowering stage of 2-year-old alfalfa (selected from Hulunbuir, Gongnong No. 1), when the water content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, sprinkler irrigation was carried out once, with an irrigation volume of 700m 3 / hm 2 , apply 10kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before sprinkler irrigation, and carry out the first mowing at the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. The mowing time is June 20, 2022, and the first stubble height is 5cm; S2. After the first stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before rainfall, spray alfalfa in cold and arid areas with a multi-functional foliar fertilizer twice during the branching and budding stages, dilute the foliar fertilizer 1000 times, and spray it at 5 to 6 pm on a windless and cloudy day, with a spraying rate of 2L / mu. After the first stubble, the second mowing of alfalfa is carried out from the budding to the initial flowering stage. The mowing time is August 1, 2022, and the second stubble height is 5cm; S3. After the second stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate in time, spray brassinolide growth regulator 7 days later, and carry out the third mowing of alfalfa in the early flowering period after the second stubble. The mowing time is October 5, 2022, and the third stubble height is 8cm.

[0023] Example 2 A method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in a high-cold region comprises the following steps: S1. From the greening stage to the initial flowering stage of 3-year-old alfalfa (selected from Hulunbuir, Gongnong No. 1), when the water content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, sprinkler irrigation was carried out once, with an irrigation volume of 900 m 3 / hm 2 , apply 10kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before sprinkler irrigation, and carry out the first mowing at the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. The mowing time is June 30, 2023, and the first stubble height is 8cm; S2. After the first stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before rainfall, spray alfalfa in cold and arid areas with a multi-functional foliar fertilizer twice during the branching and budding stages, dilute the foliar fertilizer 1000 times, and spray it at 5 to 6 pm on a windless and cloudy day, with a spraying rate of 2L / mu. After the first stubble, the second stubble of alfalfa is cut from budding to early flowering, and the cutting time is August 10, 2023, and the second stubble height is 8cm; S3. After the second stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate in time, spray brassinolide after 15 days, and carry out the third mowing of alfalfa in the early flowering period after the second stubble. The mowing time is October 15, 2023, and the third stubble height is 10cm.

[0024] Example 3 A method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in a high-cold region comprises the following steps: S1. From the greening stage to the early flowering stage of 3-year-old alfalfa (selected from Hulunbuir, Longmu 806), when the water content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, sprinkler irrigation was carried out once, with an irrigation volume of 900 m 3 / hm 2 , apply 10kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before sprinkler irrigation, and carry out the first mowing at the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. The mowing time is June 23, 2023, and the first stubble height is 5cm; S2. After the first stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before rainfall, spray alfalfa in cold and arid areas with a multi-functional foliar fertilizer twice during the branching and budding stages, dilute the foliar fertilizer 1000 times, and spray it at 5 to 6 pm on a windless and cloudy day, with a spraying rate of 2L / mu. After the first stubble, mow the alfalfa from budding to early flowering, and the mowing time is August 1, 2023. The second stubble height is 5cm; S3. After the second stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate in time, spray alfalfa-specific multi-functional foliar fertilizer once 15 days later, and carry out the third mowing of alfalfa in the early flowering period after the second stubble. The mowing time is October 10, 2023, and the third stubble height is 10cm.

[0025] Example 4 The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that in this embodiment, the second mowing time is September 5, 2023.

[0026] Example 5 The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that in this embodiment, the second mowing time is July 27, 2023.

[0027] Example 6 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that, in this embodiment, the third mowing time is September 21, 2023.

[0028] Example 7 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that, in this embodiment, the third mowing time is October 27, 2023.

[0029] Example 8 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that, in this embodiment, the second mowing time is September 5, 2023, and the third mowing time is October 27, 2023.

[0030] Example 9 The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that, in this embodiment, the second mowing time is July 27, 2023, and the third mowing time is September 21, 2023.

[0031] Example 10 A method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in a high-cold region comprises the following steps: S1. 4-year-old alfalfa (selected from Longmu 806, which had implemented the three-harvest method in Hulunbuir area in the previous year) returned to green and early flowering stage. When the water content of the 0-20cm soil layer was lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, sprinkler irrigation was carried out once, with an irrigation volume of 900m 3 / hm 2 , apply 10kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before sprinkler irrigation, and carry out the first mowing at the initial flowering stage of alfalfa. The mowing time is June 10, 2023, and the first stubble height is 5cm; S2. After the first stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate before rainfall, spray alfalfa in cold and arid areas with a multi-functional foliar fertilizer twice during the branching and budding stages, dilute the foliar fertilizer 1000 times, and spray it at 5 to 6 pm on a windless and cloudy day, with a spraying rate of 2L / mu. After the first stubble, mow the alfalfa from budding to early flowering, and the mowing time is August 1, 2023. The second stubble height is 5cm; S3. After the second stubble, apply 8kg / mu of diammonium phosphate in time, spray brassinolide after 15 days, and carry out the third mowing of alfalfa in the early flowering period after the second stubble. The mowing time is October 14, 2023, and the third stubble height is 10cm.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, in this comparative example, the two-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Hulunbuir area is harvested twice a year using the local conventional harvesting method, the first mowing time is June 25, 2022, and the first stubble height is 10 cm; the second mowing time is September 18, 2022, and the second stubble height is 15 cm, wherein the fertilization and management measures are the same as steps S1 and S2 in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that, in this comparative example, the three-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Hulunbuir area is harvested twice a year using the local conventional harvesting method, the first mowing time is June 28, 2023, and the first stubble height is 10 cm; the second mowing time is September 21, 2023, and the second stubble height is 15 cm, wherein the fertilization and management measures are the same as steps S1 and S2 in Example 2.

[0034] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between this comparative example and Example 10 is that in this comparative example, 4-year-old alfalfa (Longmu 806) which had been harvested twice a year in the previous year in Hulunbuir region was selected.

[0035] According to the harvesting method of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2, alfalfa was mowed, and three sampling points were randomly selected during mowing. One-meter double-row samples were mowed, and the fresh weight was immediately weighed. Some samples were randomly selected from the sampled square and weighed. The samples were dried and weighed, and then the hay yield per mu was obtained according to the fresh-to-dry ratio. The yield and the greening situation in the following year are shown in Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Alfalfa yield and next year greening rate of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2

[0037] In Table 1, the 2-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Comparative Example 1 was harvested twice a year using the local conventional method, and the 2-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Example 1 was harvested three times a year. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the total fresh grass yield and hay yield of alfalfa in Example 1 increased by 409.98 kg / mu and 51.95 kg / mu respectively, and the greening rate in the following year was increased by 4.50%, indicating that the invention can achieve three harvests a year for 2-year-old alfalfa, which can increase the total yield of alfalfa and the greening rate in the following year compared with the local conventional method of harvesting twice a year.

[0038] The three-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Comparative Example 2 was harvested twice a year according to the local conventional method, and the three-year-old alfalfa (Gongnong No. 1) in Example 2 was harvested three times a year. Compared with Comparative Example 2, the total fresh grass yield and hay yield of alfalfa in Example 2 increased by 29.70% and 10.36% respectively, and the greening rate in the following year increased by 11.70%, indicating that the invention can achieve three harvests a year for three-year-old alfalfa, which can increase the total yield of alfalfa and the greening rate in the following year compared with the local conventional method of harvesting twice a year.

[0039] Compared with Example 3, the total fresh grass yield and the total hay yield of the three-year-old alfalfa in Examples 4 to 9 decreased, and the greening rate in the following year decreased, indicating that when the second crop of alfalfa is mowed from August 1 to August 10 and the third crop is mowed from October 5 to October 15, the total yield of alfalfa and the greening rate in the following year can be optimized. Adjusting the mowing time of the second or third crop of alfalfa will lead to a decrease in the total yield of alfalfa and a decrease in the greening rate in the following year. Among them, compared with Examples 6 to 7, the greening rate in the following year of Example 4 is reduced, indicating that when the second crop is harvested late and the third crop is harvested normally, the second crop is harvested late. The greening rate of alfalfa in the following year is reduced; compared with Example 4, the greening rate in the following year of Example 8 is significantly reduced, indicating that when the second and third crops are harvested late at the same time, the greening rate in the following year will be significantly reduced.

[0040] According to the harvesting method of Example 10 and Comparative Example 3, alfalfa was mowed, and three sampling points were randomly selected during mowing. One-meter double-row samples were mowed, and the fresh weight was immediately weighed. Some samples were randomly selected from the sampled square and weighed. The samples were dried and weighed, and then the hay yield per mu was obtained according to the fresh-to-dry ratio. The yield and the greening situation in the following year are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Table 2 Alfalfa yield and greening in the following year in Example 10 and Comparative Example 3

[0042] In Table 2, compared with Example 10, Comparative Example 3 has improved total alfalfa yield and greening rate, and the greening time is advanced. After the three-harvest-a-year method was applied in the previous year, the yield of the first crop of alfalfa in the next year was significantly higher than that of the alfalfa obtained by the two-harvest-a-year method in the previous year, indicating that the three-harvest-a-year method not only ensures the greening rate of alfalfa in the next year, but also advances the greening time, thereby advancing the harvest time of the first crop of alfalfa, providing sufficient time for the growth of the next two crops of alfalfa, thereby increasing the total yield of alfalfa in the next year.

[0043] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in high-cold areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, when alfalfa turns green and blooms, fertilizes, irrigates, and leaves stubble for the first time after the first mowing; S2, after the first stubble leaving, fertilizing, mowing the second crop, and then leaving stubble for the second time; S3. After the second stubble leaving, fertilizing and spraying growth regulators, mowing the third crop, and leaving stubble for the third time.

2. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mowing time is from June 20 to June 30; The second mowing time is from August 1 to August 10; During the third mowing, the mowing time is from October 5th to October 15th.

3. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: When leaving stubble for the first time, the stubble height is 5-8 cm; when leaving stubble for the second time, the stubble height is 5-8 cm; when leaving stubble for the third time, the stubble height is 8-10 cm.

4. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first mowing is performed when the alfalfa is in its initial flowering stage; the second mowing is performed when the alfalfa after the first stubble is left is in its budding to initial flowering stage; the third mowing is performed when the alfalfa after the second stubble is left is in its initial flowering stage.

5. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the alfalfa is alfalfa planted next year.

6. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 10-15 kg / mu.

7. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, during the irrigation, the water content of the soil layer is lower than 50% of the field water holding capacity, and the irrigation amount is 700-900m 3 / hm 2 ; The thickness of the soil layer is 0~20cm.

8. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied before rainfall, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 10-15 kg / mu; During the branching stage and budding stage of alfalfa after the first stubble, the multi-functional foliar fertilizer specially used for alfalfa in cold and arid areas is sprayed independently. During the spraying, the number of spraying is ≥2, and the spraying amount is 2-3 L / mu.

9. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, during the fertilization, diammonium phosphate is applied in time after the second mowing, and the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 8-13 kg / mu.

10. The method for harvesting alfalfa three times a year in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the growth regulator is one of brassinolide, gibberellin, and brown algae oligosaccharide.

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