Seedling raising method for anti-season planting of muskmelons in wet and cold regions in winter

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of muskmelon planting, in particular to an anti-season muskmelon planting seedling raising method in a wet and cold region in winter, which comprises the following steps of seedling raising land selection, seedling raising land treatment, greenhouse arrangement, seedling raising soil preparation, covering soil preparation, ridging, soil filling, seed soaking, scrubbing, hull breaking, water absorption, disinfection, germination acceleration, sowing and final-period management. The method has the advantages that 1, disease and pest propagation and pollution are effectively avoided through a strict seedling raising land and surrounding environment comprehensive treatment technology, a cleaner and safer environment is provided for growth of muskmelon seedlings, and the seedling raising survival rate is increased; 2, the accurate seedling raising facility construction and environment control technology can better meet the requirements of muskmelon seedlings in different growth stages on temperature, humidity, illumination and other conditions, and promote rapid and healthy growth of the seedlings; and 3, the comprehensive technology of seed treatment and seedling culture management ensures good germination of seeds and healthy and strong growth of seedlings, improves the consistency of seedling emergence, and improves the quality and benefits of seedling culture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of melon planting, and in particular to a method for raising melon seedlings for off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing demand for off-season fruits and vegetables, the expansion of large-scale melon planting, and the increasing demand for off-season melon seedlings by melon farmers, the importance of off-season melon seedling technology has become increasingly prominent. However, the existing seedling technology has many shortcomings in meeting the needs of melon farmers. Off-season melon seedling cultivation in the southern region faces many challenges. The winter in the southern region is cold and damp, the soil is highly acidic, and there are many and complex diseases. These have put forward higher requirements for seedling environment control and management.

[0003] The existing technical solutions for off-season melon planting are: simple greenhouses or plastic greenhouses are mostly used for seedling cultivation, and temperature control mainly relies on natural ventilation and simple heating equipment, and humidity regulation is relatively difficult; if the seedling environment is not properly controlled, pests and diseases are prone to occur; the traditional germination process uses an old-fashioned incubator for heating and germination, resulting in low germination rate and incomplete and uneven buds; the soil mostly uses local ordinary garden soil, and the fertility improvement measures are limited; the prevention and control of pests and diseases is mainly based on chemical pesticides, and there is a lack of a comprehensive prevention and control system. In terms of soil fertility, the nutrient content and structure of ordinary garden soil cannot well meet the needs of melon seedlings at different growth stages, which may lead to slow growth of seedlings. In terms of pest and disease control, excessive reliance on chemical pesticides is not only easy to cause environmental pollution, but also may cause pests and diseases to develop drug resistance, affecting the prevention and control effect. Rough water, fertilizer, and temperature management, the quality of seedlings varies. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is to solve the above problems and proposes a method for raising melon seedlings in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

[0006] A method for raising seedlings of melons planted off-season in wet and cold areas in winter, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Select a high, dry, sunny, well-ventilated plot with no shade and strong winds and no pathogen contamination as the seedling raising site;

[0008] Step 2: Treat the nursery land, plow the land, remove weeds at the edge of the field, diseased fruit and vegetable plants within 50 meters of the field, virus strains of other crops and recurring pests, eradicate mice within 50 meters, use 20kg of quicklime per mu for disinfection, plow the land and dry it in the sun or stew it in the greenhouse for one week;

[0009] Step 3: Greenhouse setup: Build a greenhouse on the nursery ground, build shallow drainage ditches and deep drainage ditches around the greenhouse, the greenhouse is oriented north-south, the north side of the greenhouse is covered with double film or straw mats for warmth, and ventilation holes are left on both sides. An isolation wall is set inside the south side of the greenhouse to isolate the buffer space, and the south door of the greenhouse and the door on the isolation wall are staggered;

[0010] Step 4: Preparation of seedling soil: 6 months before seedling cultivation, prepare decomposed organic fertilizer, mix garden soil, livestock manure, and coal slag in the ratio of (50-60%): (20-30%): (20-30%) to obtain seedling soil for later use;

[0011] Step 5: Prepare covering soil: take an appropriate amount of seedling soil, add 20% rice husk ash and 20% fine sand into it, stir evenly to form covering soil, and set aside;

[0012] Step 6: Build ridges. Build seedling ridges in the greenhouse. The ridge width is 0.8-2 meters, and the ditch width on both sides of the ridge is 0.4-0.6 meters. After leveling the land, lay white mulch, base layer, geothermal line layer, newspaper, and plug tray from bottom to top on the seedling ridge. Sprinkle 20kg of lime on the ridge surface for disinfection, then use aerosol disinfection and stew the greenhouse for 48 hours, and then ventilate and cool for 48 hours;

[0013] Step 7: Fill the hole tray with soil. Remove the topsoil of the upper 3-5cm layer of the seedling soil, and then stir it evenly 3 times. Start filling the seedling soil into the hole tray 2-7 days before sowing. After filling the soil, scrape off the excess soil on the surface to make the surface of the hole tray flat. Then water it 3 times 2-3 hours before sowing until the seedling soil at the bottom of the hole tray is soaked after standing for 1 hour. If it is not soaked, water it again. After watering, spray it with 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection.

[0014] Step 8: Soak the seeds in clean, sterile and pollution-free water for 3 hours, with a pH value of 6.5-7.0 and a water temperature of 20-30°C;

[0015] Step 9: Scrub and wash. Mix the soaked seeds and fine sand in a ratio of 1:1. Scrub vigorously to remove the sticky germination inhibitors on the surface of the seeds. Then rinse 2-5 times until the water is clear after rinsing, and remove the seeds.

[0016] Step 10: Shelling: dehydrate and air-dry the seeds rinsed in step 9, and then squeeze both sides of the seeds to break the ends of the seeds;

[0017] Step 11: Absorb water and disinfect. Soak the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes or 0.2% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes at a temperature of 25°C. Stir continuously. After soaking, remove the seeds and rinse them three times with clean water. Shake them dry for later use. Then take a clean towel and disinfect them with boiling water for 20 minutes. Wring them dry for later use.

[0018] Step 12: Germination, spread the seeds on a towel with a thickness of no more than 0.3cm, then cover the seeds with a layer of towel, and stack several layers of seeds vertically in sequence, and then cover the outside with plastic film to keep it moist, and then place it in a cool place for 24 hours, with the external temperature kept at 30-32℃ for the first 12-16 hours, and at 27-28℃ for the next 8-10 hours, and then select seeds with a radicle of 0.5-1.0cm and place them in a 5-12℃ environment for standby use;

[0019] Step 13: sowing, put the germinated seeds into the hole tray, one hole for one kind, and then cover the cover soil obtained in step 5, the cover soil depth is 0.8-2cm, spray 1000 times of thiophanate on the surface of the cover soil layer for 30 minutes, then check the seed coverage, re-sprinkle the cover soil on the exposed seeds, and spray 1000 times of thiophanate again. Start and stop the geothermal line according to the weather, ensure that the daytime temperature of the greenhouse is 25-35℃, and the nighttime temperature is 17-20℃, until the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, and prepare for planting when 90% of the seedlings grow 2 true leaves. After that, the temperature drops by 2℃ every night for 7 days, and the seedlings are hardened at low temperature;

[0020] Step 14: Post-management: Start water management, ventilation management, fertilization management, and disease management after sowing to ensure that the seedlings have the water and fertilizer needed for growth and avoid diseases and pests.

[0021] Furthermore, the nursery ground in step 1 has never been used to grow melon crops.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 4, 0-10% peat soil is added to the seedling soil.

[0023] Furthermore, in step five, 0-5% of vermiculite is added to the covering soil.

[0024] Furthermore, in step six, the geothermal line layer is 5 cm away from the ridge edge, and the geothermal line extends 2 cm beyond the edge of the plug tray. After the geothermal line is laid, it is connected to the power supply for preheating for 30 minutes to check whether the geothermal line can work normally.

[0025] Furthermore, in step six, a sunshade net or straw mat is laid in the ditch.

[0026] Furthermore, in step seven, after the seedling soil is loaded, the geothermal wire is powered on to check whether it is intact.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. The present invention effectively avoids the spread of pests and diseases and pollution through strict comprehensive treatment technology of the nursery ground and the surrounding environment, provides a cleaner and safer environment for the growth of melon seedlings, and improves the survival rate of seedlings;

[0029] 2. The precise seedling raising facility construction and environmental control technology of the present invention can better meet the requirements of melon seedlings for temperature, humidity, light and other conditions at different growth stages, and promote the rapid and healthy growth of seedlings;

[0030] 3. The comprehensive seed treatment and seedling management technology of the present invention ensures good germination of seeds and vigorous growth of seedlings through a series of fine operations, improves the consistency of seedling emergence, and improves the quality and efficiency of seedling cultivation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] A method for raising seedlings of melons planted off-season in wet and cold areas in winter, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Select a non-fruit field with high terrain, dryness, sufficient sunlight, no shade, good ventilation, no strong wind, and no pathogen pollution as the nursery site. The nursery site should be far away from villages and industrial parks to reduce domestic and industrial air pollution, and a protective belt should be set up around the nursery site;

[0034] Step 2: Treat the nursery land, plow the land, remove weeds, plant residues, garbage, diseased fruit and vegetable plants within 50 meters of the field, virus strains of other crops and recurring pests, eradicate mice within 50 meters, use 20kg of quicklime per mu for disinfection, plow the land and dry it in the sun or simmer it in the greenhouse for one week, and use biological agents to improve and disinfect the soil, improve the soil environment and inhibit pathogens through the activities of beneficial microorganisms;

[0035] Step 3: Greenhouse setting: Build a greenhouse on the nursery ground to ensure wind and snow resistance. Build shallow and deep drainage ditches around the greenhouse. The greenhouse is oriented north-south. The north side of the greenhouse is covered with double film or straw mats for warmth and vents are left on both sides. Ventilation holes can be set at the top and bottom of the greenhouse. Adjustable ventilation devices are set at the vents to more accurately control the ventilation volume and ventilation direction. An air heating circulation system is set in the greenhouse to make the hot air circulate evenly in the greenhouse to improve the warmth-keeping effect. The lower 80cm of the greenhouse is covered with double film. An isolation wall is set inside the south side of the greenhouse to isolate the buffer space. The south door of the greenhouse and the door on the isolation wall are staggered.

[0036] Step 4: Preparation of seedling soil. Start preparing decomposed organic fertilizer 6 months before seedling cultivation. Mix garden soil, livestock manure and coal slag in a ratio of 60%:20%:20% to obtain seedling soil. The seedling soil should be rich in organic matter (organic matter content is not less than 20%), rich in trace elements (trace element content is greater than 10 mg / kg), rich in phosphorus fertilizer (phosphorus content is greater than 100-150 mg / kg), free of pathogens and protozoa, free of weeds, with a pH value of 6-6.5, and breathable and water-permeable and able to form a ball.

[0037] Step 5: Prepare covering soil: take an appropriate amount of seedling soil, add 20% rice husk ash and 20% fine sand into it, stir evenly to form covering soil, and sieve for later use;

[0038] Step 6: Build ridges. Build seedling ridges in the greenhouse. The ridge width is 0.8-2 meters, and the ditch width on both sides of the ridge is 0.4-0.6 meters. For some varieties with weaker growth potential, the ridge width can be appropriately reduced and the ditch width can be increased to improve land utilization and ventilation and light transmittance. After leveling the land, white mulch, base layer, geothermal line layer, newspaper, and plug tray are laid from bottom to top on the seedling ridges. There is a 2cm high retaining edge on the ridge. Sprinkle 20kg of lime on the ridge surface for disinfection, then use aerosol disinfection and simmer the shed for 48 hours, and then ventilate and cool for 48 hours;

[0039] Step 7: Fill the hole with soil. Remove the topsoil of the top 3cm of the seedling soil, and then stir it evenly 3 times. Start filling the seedling soil into the hole tray 3-5 days before sowing. After filling, scrape off the excess soil on the surface to make the surface of the hole tray flat. Then water it 3 times 2-3 hours before sowing until the seedling soil at the bottom of the hole tray is soaked after standing for 1 hour. If it is not soaked, water it again. After watering, spray it with 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection. After watering, the seedling soil in the hole tray will be filled about 1.2cm;

[0040] Step 8: Soak the seeds. Soak the seeds in clean, sterile and pollution-free water for 3 hours. The water pH is 6.5-7.0 and the water temperature is 20-30℃. Sterile tap water, stream water or well water can be used for soaking. A soaking container with temperature control function can be used to directly set the required temperature to improve the accuracy of water temperature control.

[0041] Step 9: Scrub and wash. Mix the soaked seeds and fine sand in a ratio of 1:1. Scrub vigorously to remove the sticky germination inhibitors on the surface of the seeds. Then rinse 2-5 times until the water is clear after rinsing, and remove the seeds.

[0042] Step 10: Shelling. Dehydrate and air-dry the seeds rinsed in step 9, then use small manual shelling pliers to squeeze both sides of the seeds to make a crack at the end of the seeds, accurately control the shelling force and position to reduce damage to the seeds;

[0043] Step 11: Absorb water and disinfect. Soak the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes or 0.2% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes at a temperature of 25°C. Stir continuously. After soaking, remove the seeds and rinse them three times with clean water. Shake them dry for later use. Then take a clean towel and disinfect them with boiling water for 20 minutes. Wring them dry for later use.

[0044] Step 12: Germination, spread the seeds on a towel, the thickness of the seeds should not exceed 0.3cm, and then cover the seeds with a layer of towel, you can stack several layers of seeds vertically in sequence, and then cover them with plastic film to keep them moist, and then put them in a cool place for 24 hours, the external temperature should be kept at 31℃ for the first 16 hours, and the external temperature should be kept at 28℃ for the last 8 hours. In summer and autumn, the germinated seeds should be stored in a cool place during the day and in a warm place at night. The germination temperature is higher than 35℃, and the germination is uneven. The seeds will burn if the germination temperature is higher than 40℃. The germination temperature is lower than 25℃, and the germination is uneven if the germination temperature is lower than 18℃. Then select seeds with radicles of 0.5-1.0cm and place them in a 5-12℃ environment for standby use. The seeds with radicles less than 0.5cm will germinate slowly and have a low germination rate. They should be sown after germination. After sowing, the seeds that have not germinated or have too short buds should be rinsed and germinated again.

[0045] Step 13: Sowing. Put the germinated seeds into the hole tray, one hole with one kind, and then cover them with the covering soil obtained in step 5, with a covering depth of 1.2 cm. Spray 1000 times of thiophanate on the surface of the covering soil layer for 30 minutes, then check the seed coverage, re-cover the exposed seeds with covering soil, and spray 1000 times of thiophanate again. Start and stop the heating line according to the weather to ensure that the daytime temperature of the greenhouse is 25-35℃ and the nighttime temperature is 17-20℃, until the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves. When 90% of the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, they are ready to be planted. After that, the temperature drops by 2℃ every night for 7 days, and low-temperature hardening is carried out. If the temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 32℃ during the day, the greenhouse should be ventilated or shaded. Seedlings begin to emerge on the 3rd day, and the temperature is still maintained. After 80% of the seedlings have emerged, the temperature is gradually lowered to develop high-legged seedlings. The suitable temperature for emergence is 8 0%, the daytime temperature is 25-30℃, and the night temperature is about 18℃. On sunny days, no heating during the day and the night temperature is about 18℃. On cloudy and cold days, the temperature is heated to 20℃ during the day and supplemented with sunlight. On the 4th and 5th days, the seedlings are easy to grow in the soil at this time, and a lower temperature should be maintained to help the seedlings grow strong. The suitable temperature is 25-32℃ during the day and about 17℃ at night. On sunny days, no heating during the day and the night temperature is about 17℃. On cloudy and cold days, the temperature is heated to 20℃ during the day and supplemented with sunlight, and the night temperature is about 18℃. When the heart leaves emerge, the suitable temperature is 25-35℃ during the day and about 19℃ at night. On sunny days, no heating during the day and the night temperature is about 19℃. On cloudy and cold days, the temperature is heated to 20℃ during the day and supplemented with sunlight, and the night temperature is about 18℃. In the later stage, there are 2-3 true leaves, the daytime temperature is 25-35℃, and the night temperature is about 17℃ to avoid excessive growth;

[0046] Step 14: Post-management: Start water management, ventilation management, fertilization management, and disease management after sowing to ensure that the seedlings have the water and fertilizer needed for growth and avoid diseases and pests.

[0047] Water management: Before sowing, the bottom water should be sufficient and the seedling soil should be moist; after sowing, on the first day, spray water appropriately to promote germination and avoid seed rot. If the seedling soil is too sticky, do not water too much to avoid poor ventilation of the seedling soil and cause seed rot; do not water on the second day. If the seedling soil is too dry, spray water locally; when most of the seedlings emerge on the third day, too much water will easily lead to leggy growth; too little water will result in few root systems of the seedlings and poor drought tolerance. Therefore, the water supply should be 100-95% of the evaporation amount, in small amounts and multiple times, and water should be sprayed on the soil surface. On sunny and slightly cloudy days, spray water at 9:30 am, in small amounts and multiple times, to avoid seedling lodging. On cloudy days, spray water in small amounts after 10 am, and do not spray water after 3 pm. On cloudy and cold days, do not spray water or add less water depending on the dryness below; in the future, ensure that there is sufficient water at the bottom of the hole tray. In the early stage of seedling growth, the soil humidity can be kept at a higher level, but as the seedlings grow, the soil humidity is gradually reduced to promote root growth.

[0048] Ventilation management: Do not ventilate on the first and second days to maintain humidity; if the shed reaches 32°C, ventilate and cool down. After seedlings begin to emerge on the third and fourth days, gradually ventilate and reduce humidity.

[0049] Fertilization management: After the seedlings emerge in the early stage, spray fertilizer on the leaves with Yunda 120 brassinolide. Every five days, spray fertilizer on the leaves with urea or potassium dihydrogen phosphate or Yunda 120 brassinolide. After one true leaf appears in the middle stage, fertilize once every five days. Every five days, spray fertilizer on the leaves. Spray fertilizer and water alternately. Do not use them at the same time. 2 days before transplanting, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Yunda 120 brassinolide to fertilize and spray fertilizer.

[0050] Disease management: The symptoms at the time of emergence are too many seeds or the cotyledons and stems are diseased at the time of emergence. The conditions for the disease are poor disinfection of the seeds in the seedling soil, or the use of unclean water and too high humidity. Prevention is the main approach for control. Spray the pesticide once every 5 days.

[0051] In this embodiment, in step 4, 0-10% peat soil is added to the seedling soil to further optimize the soil structure and fertility.

[0052] In this embodiment, in step four, after the seedling soil is prepared, it needs to be tested and verified before seedling cultivation. 60 days before seedling cultivation, 5 trays are sampled and sown, and its properties are tested after 30 days, and the seedling soil formula is adjusted; after adjusting the formula, 5 trays are sampled and sown again, and its properties are tested after 30 days to confirm whether it is suitable for large-scale use.

[0053] In this embodiment, in step five, 0-5% vermiculite is added to the covering soil to enhance air permeability and water retention.

[0054] In this embodiment, in step six, the geothermal line layer is 5 cm away from the ridge edge, and the geothermal line exceeds the edge of the plug tray by 2 cm. After the geothermal line is laid, the power is turned on for preheating for 30 minutes to check whether the geothermal line can work normally.

[0055] In this embodiment, in step six, a sunshade net or a straw mat is laid in the ditch.

[0056] In this embodiment, in step seven, after the seedling raising soil is loaded, the geothermal wire is powered on to check whether the geothermal wire is intact.

[0057] In this embodiment, in the step thirteen, after sowing, a small ground film is covered on the seedling ridge to form an insulation layer, and a straw mat is covered on the film to improve the insulation effect.

[0058] In this embodiment, LED plant lights are installed in the greenhouse to provide supplementary lighting when light is insufficient, and the light intensity and irradiation time are adjusted according to the growth stage of the seedlings and light requirements.

[0059] Other management:

[0060] When 80% of the seedlings in the seedbed have emerged, the temperature of the seedbed should be ventilated to lower it, so that the daytime temperature is controlled within 28℃ and the night temperature is around 17℃. The moisture should be controlled to keep the seedling soil dry. In addition, no or less water should be sprayed on cold days. In addition, the occurrence rate of tall seedlings can be reduced by laying a well-ventilated cover (such as non-woven fabric) on the seedbed to reduce soil moisture evaporation and reduce soil humidity. If the seed shell has not fallen off, it needs to be manually pulled out. Sprinkle furandan around the hole tray to prevent insect and rodent damage.

[0061] Components not described in detail herein are prior art.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select a high, dry, sunny, well-ventilated plot with no shade and strong winds and no pathogen contamination as the seedling raising site; Step 2: Treat the nursery land, plow the land, remove weeds at the edge of the field, diseased fruit and vegetable plants within 50 meters of the field, virus strains of other crops and recurring pests, eradicate mice within 50 meters, use 20kg of quicklime per mu for disinfection, plow the land and dry it in the sun or stew it in the greenhouse for one week; Step 3: Greenhouse setup: Build a greenhouse on the nursery ground, build shallow drainage ditches and deep drainage ditches around the greenhouse, the greenhouse is oriented north-south, the north side of the greenhouse is covered with double film or straw mats for warmth, and ventilation holes are left on both sides. An isolation wall is set inside the south side of the greenhouse to isolate the buffer space, and the south door of the greenhouse and the door on the isolation wall are staggered; Step 4: Preparation of seedling soil: 6 months before seedling cultivation, prepare decomposed organic fertilizer, mix garden soil, livestock manure, and coal slag in the ratio of (50-60%): (20-30%): (20-30%) to obtain seedling soil for later use; Step 5: Prepare covering soil: take an appropriate amount of seedling soil, add 20% rice husk ash and 20% fine sand into it, stir evenly to form covering soil, and set aside; Step 6: Build ridges. Build seedling ridges in the greenhouse. The ridge width is 0.8-2 meters, and the ditch width on both sides of the ridge is 0.4-0.6 meters. After leveling the land, lay white mulch, base layer, geothermal line layer, newspaper, and plug tray from bottom to top on the seedling ridge. Sprinkle 20kg of lime on the ridge surface for disinfection, then use aerosol disinfection and stew the greenhouse for 48 hours, and then ventilate and cool for 48 hours; Step 7: Fill the hole tray with soil. Remove the topsoil of the upper 3-5cm layer of the seedling soil, and then stir it evenly 3 times. Start filling the seedling soil into the hole tray 2-7 days before sowing. After filling the soil, scrape off the excess soil on the surface to make the surface of the hole tray flat. Then water it 3 times 2-3 hours before sowing until the seedling soil at the bottom of the hole tray is soaked after standing for 1 hour. If it is not soaked, water it again. After watering, spray it with 1000 times thiophanate solution for disinfection. Step 8: Soak the seeds in clean, sterile and pollution-free water for 3 hours, with a pH value of 6.5-7.0 and a water temperature of 20-30°C; Step 9: Scrub and wash. Mix the soaked seeds and fine sand in a ratio of 1:

1. Scrub vigorously to remove the sticky germination inhibitors on the surface of the seeds. Then rinse 2-5 times until the water is clear after rinsing, and remove the seeds. Step 10: Shelling: dehydrate and air-dry the seeds rinsed in step 9, and then squeeze both sides of the seeds to break the ends of the seeds; Step 11: Absorb water and disinfect. Soak the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes or 0.2% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes at a temperature of 25°C. Stir continuously. After soaking, remove the seeds and rinse them three times with clean water. Shake them dry for later use. Then take a clean towel and disinfect them with boiling water for 20 minutes. Wring them dry for later use. Step 12: Germination, spread the seeds on a towel with a thickness of no more than 0.3cm, then cover the seeds with a layer of towel, and stack several layers of seeds vertically in sequence, and then cover the outside with plastic film to keep it moist, and then place it in a cool place for 24 hours, with the external temperature kept at 30-32℃ for the first 12-16 hours, and at 27-28℃ for the next 8-10 hours, and then select seeds with a radicle of 0.5-1.0cm and place them in a 5-12℃ environment for standby use; Step 13: sowing, put the germinated seeds into the hole tray, one hole for one kind, and then cover the cover soil obtained in step 5, the cover soil depth is 0.8-2cm, spray 1000 times of thiophanate on the surface of the cover soil layer for 30 minutes, then check the seed coverage, re-sprinkle the cover soil on the exposed seeds, and spray 1000 times of thiophanate again. Start and stop the geothermal line according to the weather, ensure that the daytime temperature of the greenhouse is 25-35℃, and the nighttime temperature is 17-20℃, until the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, and prepare for planting when 90% of the seedlings grow 2 true leaves. After that, the temperature drops by 2℃ every night for 7 days, and the seedlings are hardened at low temperature; Step 14: Post-management: Start water management, ventilation management, fertilization management, and disease management after sowing to ensure that the seedlings have the water and fertilizer needed for growth and avoid diseases and pests.

2. A method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nursery ground in step 1 has not been used to plant melon crops.

3. A method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4, 0-10% peat soil is added to the seedling soil.

4. The method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5, 0-5% of vermiculite is added to the covering soil.

5. The method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the geothermal line layer is 5 cm away from the ridge edge, and the geothermal line exceeds the edge of the plug tray by 2 cm. After the geothermal line is laid, turn on the power and preheat for 30 minutes to check whether the geothermal line can work normally.

6. A method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step six, a sunshade net or a straw mat is laid in the furrow.

7. The method for raising seedlings of melons in off-season planting in wet and cold areas in winter according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step seven, after the seedling soil is loaded, the geothermal wire is powered on to check whether it is intact.