Compressed matrix block for improving seedling emergence of crops in saline soil as well as preparation method and application of compressed matrix block

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting and agricultural waste recycling, and discloses a compressed matrix block for improving saline soil crop seedling emergence and a preparation method and application of the compressed matrix block. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing a straw composition, uniformly mixing the crushed straw composition with biochar, spraying a straw decomposition inoculant and a nitrogen source supplement to form a fermentation raw material, carrying out natural fermentation and decomposition on the fermentation raw material, and carrying out compression and drying to obtain a compressed matrix block. According to the scheme, decomposed straw is used as a main raw material, a planting matrix module is prepared through nutrient compounding, structure conditioning, beneficial microbial agent adding and other measures, a local salt-resistant water-retention layer is constructed, and a micro-domain environment suitable for the crop seed germination period and the seedling raising period is built; the adverse effects of soil salinization obstacles, soil hardening and other factors in the seed germination and seedling growth period are effectively relieved, and the problem of difficult seedling emergence of saline-alkali soil crops is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting and agricultural waste resource utilization, and in particular to a compressed matrix block for improving crop emergence in saline soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization has become one of the main reasons restricting the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in my country's arid areas. Specifically, due to the low organic matter content and small cation exchange capacity of saline-alkali soil, most of the salt ions in the soil can move freely with the soil moisture. During the spring sowing period, the upward movement of moisture causes the salt ions in the soil to accumulate in the upper layer of the soil, resulting in high topsoil salt content, poor soil air conductivity, and heavy soil, which seriously affects seed germination and causes a low emergence rate. And it has become an important obstacle to crop production in saline-alkali land.

[0003] At present, the improvement of saline-alkali land mainly adopts drainage, irrigation, fertilization or soil conditioners to gradually reduce the salt content in the soil. However, although the existing scheme can improve the phenomenon of low seedling emergence rate in saline-alkali land to a certain extent, it still has many technical problems, as follows: (1) The existing method has a very limited effect on improving the seed emergence rate in saline-alkali land, which still restricts the output value of saline-alkali land crops; (2) The various improvement methods in the existing technology, including drainage, irrigation, and fertilization, are simple and crude, waste a lot of resources, and the improvement effect is very limited, which is not conducive to the long-term production of saline-alkali land crops; and the water resources in saline-alkali land are not abundant, which further increases the cost of this type of improvement method; (3) The existing soil conditioners are used in large quantities during use, the cost is very high, and the improvement effect on saline-alkali land is biased, and they cannot significantly improve the seed emergence rate, or the effect of improving the seed emergence rate is very limited, and the cost performance is not high.

[0004] In view of this, the development of a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil can not only effectively make up for the shortcomings of the existing technology, but also effectively increase the seed emergence rate in saline-alkali land while reducing costs, which is convenient for promotion and application, and is of great significance for the long-term improvement of saline-alkali land crop production effects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing soil conditioners have very limited effect on improving the seed emergence rate.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, comprising a straw composition, biochar, a straw-decomposing bacteria agent and a nitrogen source supplement; the compressed matrix block is prepared by the following method: the straw composition is crushed and mixed with the biochar, the straw-decomposing bacteria agent and the nitrogen source supplement are sprayed to form a fermentation raw material, the fermentation raw material is composted and naturally fermented and decomposed, and then compressed and dried to obtain a compressed matrix block.

[0007] The principles and advantages of this solution are:

[0008] This scheme uses decomposed straw as the main raw material, and prepares planting matrix modules through nutrient compounding, structural conditioning, and the addition of beneficial microbial agents. It constructs a local salt-blocking and water-retaining layer, creates a micro-environment suitable for crop seed germination and seedling raising, and effectively alleviates the adverse effects of factors such as soil salinity barriers and soil compaction during seed germination and seedling growth, and solves the problem of difficult emergence of crops in saline-alkali land. The applicant found through long-term experiments that when the compressed matrix blocks in this scheme are used for sowing in saline-alkali land, the seven-day emergence rate of corn seeds reaches 98%, and the seven-day emergence rate of peanut seeds reaches 93%, which significantly improves the seed emergence rate of saline-alkali land, thereby promoting saline-alkali land crop production.

[0009] 1. Compared with the limited effect of soil conditioners on seed emergence rate in the prior art, the present invention combines straw, biochar, straw composting bacteria and nitrogen source supplements, which are fermented and made into compressed matrix blocks, effectively improving the germination rate and emergence rate of seeds in saline-alkali land. Specifically, when the compressed matrix blocks in the present invention are sown in saline-alkali land, the emergence rate of corn seeds in seven days reaches 98%, and the emergence rate of peanut seeds in seven days reaches 93%, which significantly improves the emergence rate of seeds.

[0010] 2. The compressed matrix block prepared by the present invention can create a suitable microenvironment for seed germination. The compressed matrix block after the straw is decomposed absorbs water and expands. Due to its special physical structure and rich surface functional groups, it alleviates the soil compaction caused by salt and creates a microenvironment with suitable humidity, air conductivity and salt concentration (the air conductivity is higher than that of the surrounding soil, and the salt concentration is significantly lower than that of the surrounding soil), which is conducive to seed germination.

[0011] 3. This solution effectively adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw composition by adding a nitrogen source supplement to the straw, thereby facilitating the composting of the straw. Specifically, the straw composting bacteria added in this solution include molds (such as Trichoderma viride, Penicillium, etc.) that produce cellulase to decompose cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw, bacteria (such as Bacillus subtilis) that produce protease amylase, and yeasts that decompose sugars to produce carbon dioxide, water, organic acids and other substances. This solution adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw composition to the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio by adding a nitrogen source supplement, effectively improving the growth effect of microorganisms and the fermentation effect, thereby increasing the content of nutrients in the fermentation mixture and improving its nutritional support for the seed germination stage.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the raw materials are included in the following mass proportions: 30-45 parts of straw composition, 5-10 parts of biochar, the amount of straw composting agent added is 1-10‰ of the amount of straw, and the amount of nitrogen source supplement added is 0.5-3‰ of the dry basis mass of straw.

[0013] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above settings, the raw materials interact with each other, synergistically increase the efficiency, and significantly improve the nutrition in the matrix block; and the straw is used as a carrier to effectively load various nutrients, which is convenient for fully meeting the nutrition of crops in saline-alkali land at all stages of growth and improving the looseness and air permeability of the soil, thereby effectively improving the emergence rate of saline-alkali land and solving the problem of difficult emergence in saline-alkali land. In soils with medium and low salinity, seeds can thrive after germination, increasing yields. In addition, the raw materials of this scheme can all be sourced locally, which is not only low-cost, but also effectively solves the environmental pollution caused by the burning of existing crop straw, achieving the unity of economic and environmental benefits.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the straw composition comprises 15-20 parts of sunflower straw, 10-15 parts of corn straw, and 5-10 parts of rice straw.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned settings, which conforms to the crop planting rules in saline-alkali areas, realizes local materials and reduces costs; and the combination of the above three crop straws effectively improves the looseness, air permeability and water retention of the matrix blocks obtained by composting and fermentation, which is convenient for improving seed emergence rate and yield, thereby further improving the economic benefits of crop planting in saline-alkali land. The applicant found through long-term experiments that there are differences in the effects of different components. For example, the particle structure of sunflower and corn straw is better, which improves air permeability, but has poor water retention. The high oil content and high lignin content of sunflower straw can provide better adhesion to the matrix, prevent drying and loosening, and prevent salt layer damage; rice straw has good water retention, but the matrix block compressed only with rice straw is too dense. Only the straw composition obtained by combining the three can obtain a matrix block with better physical structure, strength, water retention and salt inhibition after composting and fermentation.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the nitrogen source supplement is a urea solution, and its added amount makes the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material 25 to 30:1.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the straw decomposing bacteria agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of mold, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 10-15 parts of yeast.

[0018] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting, which is convenient for effective fermentation and decomposition of organic matter in the above-mentioned straw composition, and improves the nutrition of the substrate block. The applicant determines the type and amount of the substrate composting agent in this scheme according to the ratio of the materials. Specifically, the main component of the material in the substrate block is straw, and the composting agent ratio uses molds that secrete cellulase as the main strain, and a small amount of Bacillus subtilis that secretes protease and yeast that metabolizes sugars can accelerate the composting of straw materials and effectively improve the production efficiency of the substrate block of this scheme. Among them, mold is the main strain, and too little use will significantly reduce the efficiency of straw composting; subtilis spores are secondary strains, which mainly degrade protein to provide available nitrogen nutrients for molds. Too little use will significantly reduce the amino acid content in the substrate block, affecting the growth and development of crop roots, and then affecting crop nutrient absorption, thereby reducing crop yield reduction.

[0019] Preferably, as an improvement, the method for preparing the biochar is as follows: the raw material plant straw or wood is pyrolyzed in an air-tight state at 300 to 800° C. for 30 to 240 minutes to obtain the biochar.

[0020] Beneficial effects: This solution adopts the above-mentioned setting, and the biochar produced has a supporting and water-absorbing effect in the matrix block. When the matrix block is buried in the soil and soaked in water, it can quickly absorb water and expand, which is convenient for forming a stable, moist, loose and breathable environment for seed germination, thereby effectively accelerating the efficiency of seed germination. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if biochar is not added or the amount added is too low, it will cause difficulty or delay in material expansion. The failure of the compressed matrix block to expand will cause the seeds to fail to germinate; delayed expansion will cause delayed emergence.

[0021] Preferably, as an improvement, the scheme also provides a method for preparing a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1, raw material mixing: preparing the above raw materials, crushing the straw composition and mixing it with biochar, spraying the straw decomposing bacteria agent and nitrogen source supplement to form a fermentation raw material, wherein the moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 25-60%;

[0023] Step 2: fermentation and decomposition: the fermentation raw materials are naturally fermented and decomposed by composting to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0024] Step 3: Bagging and compression: The fermentation mixture is compressed and dried to obtain compressed matrix blocks.

[0025] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned settings to facilitate the preparation of loose and breathable substrate blocks that are rich in nutrients and have high microbial activity, thereby providing a microenvironment suitable for the seed germination stage in saline-alkali land, improving the seedling rate in saline-alkali land, and thus increasing crop yields. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that the fermentation and composting process requires a higher temperature. If the moisture content of the material is too low, the evaporation of water during high-temperature composting will result in an incomplete composting process, and water will need to be added during the process; if the moisture content is too high, it will make it difficult to raise the temperature, and the material will need to be naturally dried to this range before fermentation and composting can continue, which significantly reduces the composting efficiency.

[0026] Preferably, as an improvement, in step 2, the compost is piled in a cool place and naturally stored for 15 to 45 days at a storage temperature of 20 to 35° C. and a humidity of 40 to 60% to wait for its natural fermentation and decomposition.

[0027] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned settings to provide a fermentation environment that is more suitable for the microorganisms in the bacterial agent, accelerate the progress of composting and fermentation, and improve the composting efficiency.

[0028] Preferably, as an improvement, the composting end point is that the fermented raw material is heated to 50-60° C. and maintained for 7-10 days, then the temperature is suddenly dropped and aging is continued for 7 days to obtain a fermentation mixture.

[0029] Beneficial effects: This solution adopts the above-mentioned settings, which is convenient for improving the composting and fermentation effects while improving the promoting effect of the substrate block on seed germination. The applicant has found through long-term experiments that if the composting time is too short (such as the aging time is too short), premature completion will lead to incomplete composting. After being buried in the soil, it will continue to decompose and generate heat, affecting the local environment for seed germination, such as excessive temperature and insufficient oxygen content, thereby significantly reducing the emergence rate. If the composting time is too long, ending it too late will not improve the emergence rate, but will increase the composting and fermentation time, which is not worth the loss.

[0030] Preferably, as an improvement, in step three, the compression is to put the fermentation mixture into a water-permeable and breathable fiber polylactic acid bag, and compress it into a round cake-shaped matrix block with a diameter of 4 to 8 cm and a thickness of 1 to 3 cm, with a round hole with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm in the center of the matrix block, and the depth of the hole does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the matrix block.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The scheme adopts the above-mentioned setting, which facilitates obtaining a compressed matrix block that is widely applicable to a variety of crop seed sizes, and effectively expands the scope of application of the compressed matrix block. In particular, the ratio of the diameter and depth of the central opening to the entire compressed matrix block facilitates the matrix block to protect the seeds during germination and provide a microenvironment suitable for germination, which not only effectively prevents the seed roots from contacting the saline-alkali soil too early and affecting the seedling, but also effectively improves the seedling rate.

[0032] Preferably, as an improvement, the present solution also provides an application of a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, wherein the compressed matrix block is used for raising crop seedlings in saline-alkali land; the application comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Sowing: Place the seeds into the circular hole in the center of the compressed matrix block and bury them in the saline-alkali soil together with the matrix block. The thickness of the soil covering should not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix block after expansion.

[0034] S2. Seedling care: Water thoroughly after planting, and start normal care after the compressed substrate blocks naturally absorb water and expand.

[0035] Beneficial effects: This solution adopts the above-mentioned setting to effectively improve the emergence rate and yield of crops in saline-alkali land. Specifically, the compressed matrix block with round holes in this solution can be laid flat on the saline-alkali land using the existing mechanical sowing method after sowing, and then covered with soil, watered thoroughly, and maintained normally. It is easy to use and can significantly improve the emergence rate, effectively solving the problem of low emergence rate of saline-alkali soil crops leading to low yield.

[0036] Preferably, as an improvement, the present scheme also provides a method for improving the local environmental conditions of lightly and moderately salinized soil by compressing matrix blocks to increase crop emergence rate, wherein the salt content of the lightly and moderately salinized soil is 1 to 6‰.

[0037] Beneficial effects: This scheme adopts the above-mentioned settings to facilitate the improvement of seed germination rate and yield in lightly and moderately salinized soils. Specifically, the salt content in lightly, moderately and severely salinized soils is 1-3‰, 3-6%, and >6%, respectively. When the salt content is greater than 6‰, plant growth is very restricted; generally speaking, even if the germination in severely saline-alkali land is good, the growth of plant roots after passing through the matrix block in the later stage will be greatly restricted, and it needs to be implemented in combination with soil improvement. In this scheme, the compressed matrix blocks effectively improve the seed germination rate in lightly and moderately salinized soils, and the plants can grow normally and bear fruit after germination, thereby effectively increasing the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The results of using the compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to Example 1 of the present invention in corn planting are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0040] Program Overview

[0041] The present invention provides a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, comprising a straw composition, biochar, a straw-decomposing bacteria agent and a nitrogen source supplement; the compressed matrix block is prepared by the following method: the straw composition is crushed and mixed with the biochar, the straw-decomposing bacteria agent and the nitrogen source supplement are sprayed to form a fermentation raw material, the fermentation raw material is composted and naturally fermented and decomposed, and then compressed and dried to obtain a compressed matrix block.

[0042] As a reference, the compressed matrix block of this scheme includes the following raw materials in proportion by mass: 30-45 parts of straw composition, 5-10 parts of biochar, the amount of straw decomposing bacteria added is 1-10‰ of the amount of straw, the amount of nitrogen source supplement added is 0.5-3‰ of the dry weight of straw, and the moisture content of the fermentation raw material obtained by mixing the raw materials is 25-60%, which is convenient for improving the decomposition and fermentation efficiency.

[0043] As a reference, the straw composition includes 15-20 parts of sunflower straw, 10-15 parts of corn straw, and 5-10 parts of rice straw.

[0044] As a reference, the nitrogen source supplement is a urea solution, and the amount added makes the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material 25 to 30:1.

[0045] As a reference, the straw decomposing agent includes the following raw materials by weight: 80-90 parts of mold, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 10-15 parts of yeast. As a reference, the mold can be Trichoderma viride or Penicillium.

[0046] As a reference, the preparation method of biochar is as follows: the raw material plant straw or wood is pyrolyzed in an air-tight state at 300-800°C for 30-240 minutes to obtain biochar.

[0047] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1, raw material mixing: prepare the above raw materials, crush the straw composition into particles less than 2 cm in length, then mix it with biochar, spray the straw decomposing bacteria agent and nitrogen source supplement to form fermentation raw materials, and the moisture content of the fermentation raw materials is 25-60%;

[0049] Step 2: fermentation and decomposition: the fermentation raw materials are naturally fermented and decomposed through composting to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0050] As a reference, composting is piled in a cool place and stored naturally for 15 to 45 days, with a storage temperature of 20 to 35°C and a humidity of 40 to 60%, until it is naturally fermented and decomposed; specifically, the end point of composting is that the fermented raw materials are heated to 50 to 60°C and maintained for 7 to 10 days, and then the temperature is suddenly dropped and aged for another 7 days to obtain a fermented mixture.

[0051] Step 3: Bagging and compression: The fermentation mixture is compressed and dried to obtain compressed matrix blocks.

[0052] As a reference, the fermentation mixture is compressed into a water-permeable and air-permeable polylactic acid fiber bag with a thickness of 50 to 200 μm and a briquetting pressure of 2 to 15 kg / cm 2 The fermentation mixture is compressed into a round cake-shaped matrix block with a diameter of 4 to 8 cm and a thickness of 1 to 3 cm. There is a round hole with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm in the center of the matrix block, and the depth of the hole does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the matrix block.

[0053] The present invention also provides an application of a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil, wherein the compressed matrix block is used for raising crop seedlings in saline-alkali land; the application comprises the following steps:

[0054] S1. Sowing: Place the seeds into the circular hole in the center of the compressed matrix block and bury it in the saline-alkali soil together with the matrix block. The thickness of the soil covering shall not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix block after expansion.

[0055] As a reference, the topsoil is saline-alkali soil with a salt concentration of 1 to 6‰.

[0056] S2. Seedling care: Water thoroughly after planting, and start normal care after the compressed substrate blocks naturally absorb water and expand.

[0057] As a reference, slightly brackish water (saline water) can be used for watering, or surface water or groundwater can be used. However, saline water is generally not used for irrigation in saline-alkali land, as it will aggravate the degree of salinization. Surface water or groundwater is often used for irrigation in saline-alkali land because of its salt-washing function.

[0058] The scheme also provides a method for improving the local environmental conditions of lightly and moderately salinized soils by compressing substrate blocks to increase crop emergence rates, wherein the salt content of the lightly and moderately salinized soils is 3 to 6‰.

[0059] The compressed matrix block of this scheme effectively protects the seeds during germination and provides a microenvironment suitable for seed germination, which not only effectively prevents the seed roots from contacting the saline-alkali soil too early and affecting the seedlings, but also effectively improves the seedling rate. Specifically, compared with the surrounding saline-alkali soil, the salt content is 4.2‰, the mass water content is 38.6%, and the air conductivity is 1*10 -12 m 2When the salt content of the compressed matrix block in this scheme is only 0.62‰, the mass water content is 54.6%, and the gas conductivity is 3.5*10 -11 m 2 The internal microenvironment of the matrix block is more suitable for seed germination. Using this scheme to compress the matrix block can significantly improve the seed germination rate, reduce costs and increase yields.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Sunflower straw (20 parts), corn straw (10 parts) and rice straw (5 parts) are mixed and crushed, and the length of the particles after crushing is less than 2 cm. The crushed straw is mixed with biochar (5 parts), and straw decomposing bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, yeast, Acetobacter) and urea solution (the addition amount is 1‰ of the dry basis mass of the straw) are evenly sprayed, and the overall moisture content of the straw is controlled at 30%, and the mixture is mixed evenly; the above-mentioned piles are naturally stored in a cool place for 30 days at a storage temperature of 20-35°C and a humidity of 40-60%, and are left to ferment and decompose naturally; the above-mentioned raw materials are loaded into a water-permeable and breathable fiber polylactic acid bag, compressed into a round cake, and dried to obtain a compressed matrix block.

[0062] The thickness of the fiber polylactic acid bag is 100μm, and the block pressure is 7kg / cm 2 ; After compression, the matrix block has a diameter of 5cm and a thickness of 3cm. There is a circular hole with a diameter of 5mm in the center of the compressed matrix block, and the depth of the hole does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the matrix block. Place the corn seeds in the circular hole in the center of the compressed matrix block, and bury the matrix block in soil with a salt content of 4‰. The thickness of the soil does not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix block after expansion. Water it thoroughly in time after planting, and enter normal maintenance after the compressed matrix block naturally absorbs water and expands. The planting results of corn in one of the test plots are detailed in Figure 1 .

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Mix and crush sunflower straw (30 parts), corn straw (20 parts), and rice straw (5 parts), and the length of the crushed particles is less than 2 cm. Mix the crushed straw with biochar (10 parts), and evenly spray straw decomposition bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride, yeast, Acetobacter) and urea solution (the amount added is 0.5-3‰ of the dry basis weight of the straw), control the overall moisture content of the straw to 35%, and mix evenly; store the above piles in a cool place for 45 days at a storage temperature of 20-35°C and a humidity of 35-60% to allow them to ferment and mature naturally; put the above raw materials into a water-permeable and breathable fiber polylactic acid bag, compress it into a round cake, and dry it to obtain a compressed matrix block. The fiber polylactic acid bag has a thickness of 60μm and a block making pressure of 6kg / cm2; the compressed matrix block has a diameter of 5cm and a thickness of 2cm, and there is a circular hole with a diameter of 5mm in the center of the compressed matrix block, and the opening depth does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the matrix block. Place the peanut seeds into the round hole in the center of the compressed matrix block, and bury the matrix block in soil with a salt content of 5‰. The thickness of the covering soil should not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix block after expansion. Water it thoroughly after planting, and start normal maintenance after the compressed matrix block naturally absorbs water and expands.

[0065] Comparative Example 1

[0066] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the compressed matrix blocks in this solution are not used, and corn is planted in saline-alkali soil with equal density.

[0067] Comparative Example 2

[0068] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 2, except that the compressed matrix block in this scheme is not used, and wheat is planted in saline-alkali soil with equal density. Wheat is a crop with high density and tillering. When this material is used for planting, the emergence rate is low, the seeds are wasted more, and the growth is seriously inhibited due to difficulty in root water absorption and nutrient absorption disorders, thereby reducing the yield.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw composition only contains sunflower straw.

[0071] Comparative Example 4

[0072] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw composition contains only corn straw.

[0073] Comparative Example 5

[0074] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw composition contains only rice straw.

[0075] Comparative Example 6

[0076] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that rice straw is omitted from the straw composition.

[0077] Comparative Example 7

[0078] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw composition lacks sunflower straw.

[0079] Comparative Example 8

[0080] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw decomposing bacterial agent lacks mold.

[0081] Comparative Example 9

[0082] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the straw decomposing bacterial agent lacks Bacillus subtilis.

[0083] Comparative Example 10

[0084] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that biochar is missing.

[0085] Comparative Example 11

[0086] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that, during the application process, the fermentation mixture is used as the matrix product, and the fermentation mixture is applied at a strength of 750 kg / mu of saline-alkali land before turning the soil and sowing.

[0087] Experimental Example 1: Seed Emergence Rate

[0088] After the seeds in Examples 1 to 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11 were normally cured for 7 days, the seed germination rates were tested. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1 Seed germination rate

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Experimental data show that the combination of straw, biochar, straw composting bacteria and nitrogen source supplement in this solution, after fermentation and composting, is made into compressed matrix blocks, which effectively improves the germination rate and emergence rate of seeds in saline-alkali land. Specifically, when the compressed matrix blocks in this solution are sown in saline-alkali land, the germination rate of corn seeds in seven days reaches 98%, and the germination rate of peanut seeds in seven days reaches 93%, which significantly improves the seed emergence rate.

[0093] Specifically, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the salinity of the seed germination microenvironment was high because the compressed matrix blocks in the present solution were not used, and the seed roots were directly in contact with saline-alkali soil, resulting in a significant reduction in the seedling rate; in Comparative Example 3, because the straw raw material contained only sunflower straw, the water retention and salt barrier effects of the matrix decreased, thereby reducing the seedling rate; in Comparative Example 4, because the straw raw material contained only corn straw, the water retention and salt barrier effects of the matrix decreased, thereby reducing the seedling rate; in Comparative Example 5, because the straw raw material contained only rice straw, the density of the compressed matrix block was too high, resulting in difficulty in expansion, thereby reducing the seedling rate; in Comparative Example 6, because the straw raw material lacked rice straw, the water retention of the matrix was poor, and the seedling rate was low in conventional management; Comparative Example 7 In Example 8, due to the lack of sunflower straw in the straw raw material, the compressed matrix block is easy to loosen, resulting in the destruction of the salt barrier layer, thereby reducing the seedling rate; in Example 8, due to the lack of mold in the composting agent, the raw materials are not thoroughly decomposed, which reduces the nutritional content in the compressed matrix block, thereby reducing the seedling rate and seedling effect; in Example 9, due to the lack of Bacillus subtilis, the utilization of nitrogen nutrients in the raw materials is reduced, which prolongs the decomposition time and also affects the decomposition effect, thereby reducing the seedling rate and seedling effect; in Example 10, due to the lack of biochar, the expansion of the compressed matrix block is delayed, resulting in difficulty in seed germination; in Example 11, because the mixed matrix is ​​spread in the form of fertilizer, its salt barrier effect is reduced, and the germination rate is improved to a very limited extent, resulting in waste.

[0094] Experimental Example 2: Seed germination rate of substrate blocks in saline soils with different salinities

[0095] The compressed matrix blocks prepared in Example 1 were used to germinate seeds in saline soils with different salinities. The seeds were germinated for 7 days and their germination rates were tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0096] Table 2 Results of potted experiment on seed germination rate of saline soil with different salinities using the matrix blocks prepared in Example 1

[0097]

[0098] Experimental data show that the use of compressed matrix blocks in this scheme in lightly and moderately salinized soils with a salt content of 1 to 6‰ can significantly improve the emergence rate of crops, and it is effective for common crops in saline-alkali lands such as soybeans, peanuts, corn and sunflowers.

[0099] In summary, this scheme uses decomposed straw as the main raw material, and prepares planting matrix modules through measures such as nutrient compounding, structural conditioning, and the addition of beneficial microbial agents, constructs a local salt-blocking and water-retaining layer, and creates a micro-environment suitable for crop seed germination and seedling raising. It effectively alleviates the adverse effects of factors such as soil salinity barriers and soil compaction during seed germination and seedling growth, and solves the problem of difficult emergence of crops in saline-alkali land. The applicant found through long-term experiments that when the compressed matrix blocks in this scheme are used for sowing in saline-alkali land, the seven-day emergence rate of corn seeds reaches 98%, and the seven-day emergence rate of peanut seeds reaches 93%, which significantly improves the seed emergence rate of saline-alkali land, thereby promoting saline-alkali land crop production.

[0100] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A compressed matrix block for improving crop emergence in saline soil, characterized in that: The invention comprises a straw composition, biochar, a straw decomposing bacteria agent and a nitrogen source supplement; the preparation method is as follows: the straw composition is crushed and mixed with the biochar, the straw decomposing bacteria agent and the nitrogen source supplement are sprayed to form a fermentation raw material, the fermentation raw material is composted and naturally fermented and decomposed, and then compressed and dried to obtain a compressed matrix block.

2. A compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of a straw composition, 5-10 parts of biochar, an added amount of a straw decomposing bacteria agent of 1-10‰ of the amount of the straw, and an added amount of a nitrogen source supplement of 0.5-3‰ of the dry basis weight of the straw.

3. A compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen source supplement is a urea solution, and the amount of the solution added is such that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation raw material is 25 to 30:

1.

4. The compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw composition comprises 15 to 20 parts of sunflower straw, 10 to 15 parts of corn straw and 5 to 10 parts of rice straw.

5. The compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw decomposing bacterial agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of mold, 10-15 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 10-15 parts of yeast.

6. The compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar preparation method is as follows: raw material plant straw or wood is pyrolyzed in an air-tight environment at 300-800° C. for 30-240 minutes to obtain biochar.

7. A method for preparing a compressed matrix block for improving crop emergence in saline soil, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, raw material mixing: preparing the raw material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, crushing the straw composition and mixing it with biochar, spraying the straw decomposing bacteria agent and nitrogen source supplement to form a fermentation raw material, wherein the moisture content of the fermentation raw material is 25-60%; Step 2: fermentation and decomposition: the fermentation raw materials are naturally fermented and decomposed through composting to obtain a fermentation mixture; Step 3: Bagging and compression: The fermentation mixture is compressed and dried to obtain compressed matrix blocks.

8. The method for preparing a compressed matrix block for improving crop emergence in saline soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the compost is piled in a cool place and stored naturally for 15 to 45 days at a storage temperature of 20 to 35° C. and a humidity of 40 to 60% to wait for natural fermentation and decomposition; the end point of the composting is that the fermented raw material is heated to 50 to 60° C. and maintained for 7 to 10 days, and then the temperature is suddenly dropped and aged for another 7 days to obtain a fermentation mixture.

9. The method for preparing a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, the compression is to put the fermentation mixture into a water-permeable and breathable fiber polylactic acid bag and compress it into a round cake-shaped matrix block with a diameter of 4 to 8 cm and a thickness of 1 to 3 cm. There is a round hole with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm in the center of the matrix block, and the depth of the hole does not exceed 1 / 2 of the thickness of the matrix block.

10. Use of a compressed matrix block for improving the emergence of crops in saline soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a compressed matrix block prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 8 to 9, characterized in that: The compressed matrix block is used for raising seedlings of crops in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps: S1. Sowing: Place the seeds into the circular hole in the center of the compressed matrix block and bury it in the saline-alkali soil together with the matrix block. The thickness of the soil covering shall not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix block after expansion. S2. Seedling care: Water thoroughly after planting, and start normal care after the compressed substrate blocks naturally absorb water and expand.

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