Efficient purification system for sludge incineration flue gas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a sludge incineration flue gas efficient purification system which comprises a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acid gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-gold interaction purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module. Wherein the pretreatment module is used for receiving initial flue gas flow; the dynamic ion separation module is used for primarily separating heavy metal ions; the acid gas neutralization module is used for stabilizing emission of acid gas; the heavy metal adsorption module is used for accurately adsorbing heavy metal ions; the acid-gold interactive purification module is used for treating composite pollutants; and the intelligent control module is used for automatically adjusting module operation parameters. According to the sludge incineration flue gas treatment system, by integrating an efficient purification technology and intelligent control, comprehensive removal and stable up-to-standard emission of various pollutants in sludge incineration flue gas are achieved, and the response speed, the purification efficiency and the energy-saving effect of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a high-efficiency purification system for smoke from sludge burning. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, sludge incineration, as the main method for harmless sludge treatment, has significant advantages in treatment efficiency and reduction effect. However, the flue gas generated in the sludge incineration process contains a large amount of pollutants, especially acidic gases, heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.) and organic toxic substances (such as dioxins and furans). The direct emission of these pollutants will pose a serious threat to the environment and human health. Due to the complex composition of flue gas and the variety of pollutants, achieving efficient purification and standard emission of sludge incineration flue gas has become a core demand in the field of sludge treatment.

[0003] In the existing technology, the sludge incineration flue gas purification system has many problems in terms of precision, stability and energy consumption control of multi-pollutant removal. For example, acid gas and heavy metal pollutants are prone to form interactive composite pollution, which increases the difficulty of separation and removal; the incomplete high-temperature decomposition of organic toxic substances will lead to the risk of secondary pollution. In addition, the existing system has a slow adjustment response under different flue gas components, insufficient intelligent control, and is difficult to adapt to changes in pollutant concentration and flow conditions. In order to solve the above problems, an efficient purification system integrating multiple modules is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from burning sludge.

[0005] An efficient purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration, comprising a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acid gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-gold interaction purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module; wherein:

[0006] Pretreatment module: It is set at the inlet of the system to receive the initial flue gas flow and intercept particulate matter through multi-stage filtration layers to provide a stable flue gas flow for the dynamic ion separation module;

[0007] Dynamic ion separation module: It is set at the downstream of the pretreatment module. It is used to perform preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow based on the flue gas flow provided by the pretreatment module, and provide separation data of acid gas and heavy metals for subsequent modules;

[0008] Acid gas neutralization module: connected to the downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acid gas flow data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acid gas;

[0009] Heavy metal adsorption module: It is arranged downstream of the acid gas neutralization module, and is used to accurately adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module, and output a heavy metal-free flue gas flow;

[0010] Acid-metal interactive purification module: connected to the output ends of the acid gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, used to treat the complex pollutants interactively generated after the separation of heavy metals and acid gases, forming a purified flue gas flow without complex pollution;

[0011] Deep oxidation module: located downstream of the acid-gold interactive purification module, including a high-temperature catalytic bed and a UV oxidizer, used to receive the purified flue gas flow from the acid-gold interactive purification module and decompose the residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards;

[0012] Intelligent control module: connected with each processing module, used to receive and monitor the operating data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operating parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

[0013] Optionally, the pre-processing module includes a particle capture unit and a fluid regulating unit; wherein:

[0014] The particle collection unit includes a cyclone separator and a coarse filter. The cyclone separator is arranged at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to collect large particles in the initial flue gas flow. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation throws the high-density large particles toward the inner wall of the separator and then settles them in the collection area. The coarse filter is arranged downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually dense filters for filtering the remaining smaller particles. The aperture of each layer of the filter decreases layer by layer, and fine particles are intercepted by physical screening.

[0015] Fluid regulating unit: includes an airflow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The airflow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a porous plate structure. When the flue gas after particulate matter is removed flows through the porous plate, the uneven airflow is dispersed into multiple small airflow channels to achieve uniform airflow. The flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the airflow equalizer and automatically controls the flow rate of the flue gas passing through the porous plate based on system requirements through an adjustable throttle valve or a wind speed regulating motor.

[0016] Optionally, the dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion screen unit and an electric field control unit; wherein:

[0017] Dynamically balanced ion screen unit: includes a multi-stage ion screen and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion screen adopts different screening apertures and is arranged at each layer of the flue gas flow channel. Most of the heavy metal ions are effectively intercepted and concentrated through the multi-stage screening structure to form a relatively pure acid gas flow and a layered flow rich in heavy metal ions; the separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion screen to output the separated acid gas flow and heavy metal flow according to different flow channels;

[0018] Electric field regulation unit: includes parallel electrode plates and an electric field control subunit, wherein the parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel, and are used to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, exert an electric field force on the heavy metal ions in the flue gas, and make them deviate in a predetermined direction, so as to realize the spatial separation of the acid gas and the heavy metal flow; the electric field control subunit is connected to the parallel electrode plates, and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the changes in the heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, and ensure that the heavy metal ions are efficiently deviated and separated with the assistance of the ion screen, thereby generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals.

[0019] Optionally, the electric field control subunit specifically includes:

[0020] Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas flows into the dynamic ion separation module, the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas is detected in real time using a sensor to determine the mass concentration C of heavy metal ions in the flue gas flow;

[0021] Calculate the electric field strength: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion screen, calculate the required electric field strength E to offset the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ion in the electric field, in Newtons; Q represents the charge of the heavy metal ion, in Coulombs; in order to effectively deflect the heavy metal ion by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ion, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, A is the acceleration of heavy metal ions, in meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, in seconds; D is the offset distance of the ion screen, in meters;

[0022] Adjust the direction of the electric field: After determining the electric field strength E, the electric field control subunit adjusts the direction of the electric field according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion screen to guide the heavy metal ions to deviate to the predetermined flow channel; the deviation angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions, and the formula is: Where θ represents the deviation angle of the electric field direction, in degrees; V y is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ion, in meters per second; V xis the lateral velocity component of the heavy metal ions, measured in meters per second; arctan represents the inverse tangent function; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions enter the separation channel specified by the ion screen.

[0023] Optionally, the acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali solution spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; wherein:

[0024] Alkali liquid spray tower: It includes an alkali liquid delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali liquid delivery unit is used to receive the alkali liquid and deliver it to the top of the spray tower. The multi-layer spray structure is composed of multiple spray ports. The spray ports of each layer are arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali liquid is evenly distributed in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, thereby neutralizing the acid components in the acid gas.

[0025] The multiphase stirring device comprises a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali solution spray tower and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower. The gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit and is used to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali solution and improve the neutralization efficiency.

[0026] Optionally, the heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; wherein:

[0027] Nano adsorption unit: comprising a porous alumina nano material layer and an adsorption channel structure, wherein the porous alumina nano material layer has a nano structure with an average pore size of 2-10 nanometers and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, including lead, cadmium and mercury; the thickness of the porous alumina nano material layer is set to 2-5 mm to ensure efficient adsorption when the concentration of heavy metal ions is 10-50 mg / m3; the adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano material layer to guide the flue gas flow through the nano material layer so that the heavy metal ions are efficiently captured when in contact with the adsorption layer;

[0028] Ion exchange unit: arranged downstream of the nano adsorption unit, including a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer uses a cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1-2 mm, which has exchange reactivity with residual lead, cadmium and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the regeneration control device is arranged beside the ion exchange resin layer, and is used to regularly regenerate the resin layer according to the system operation time and the adsorption saturation state to restore the resin exchange capacity.

[0029] Optionally, the acid-gold interactive purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; wherein:

[0030] Oxidation reaction unit: includes an ozone generator and a reaction chamber, wherein the ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O3 and introduce it into the reaction chamber to carry out oxidation reaction with the composite pollutants; the oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the concentration of residual pollutants after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases, ensuring that the ozone concentration is maintained at 10-20ppm to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them inactive;

[0031] Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, including three-layer catalytic decomposition beds and a decomposition reaction controller; the three-layer catalytic decomposition bed adopts a porous catalyst coating containing titanium and vanadium as main components, each layer is 3-5 mm thick, and can decompose the oxidized complex pollutants into stable harmless substances; the decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed, and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit. The reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200-250°C to optimize the decomposition efficiency.

[0032] Optionally, the deep oxidation module includes a high temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; wherein:

[0033] High temperature catalytic unit: comprising a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating, wherein the porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the deep oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, and is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst; the catalyst coating comprises a catalyst material with precious metals platinum and palladium as main components, and is used to be evenly coated on the surface of the porous ceramic carrier; the high temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300-350°C, at which temperature the residual organic toxic pollutants such as dioxins and furans are activated by the catalyst, and an oxidative decomposition reaction will occur, decomposing the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water, so as to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas;

[0034] Ultraviolet oxidation unit: arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit, including an ultraviolet lamp and a reaction chamber; the ultraviolet lamp adopts an ultraviolet light source with a wavelength of 254 nanometers, is installed in the reaction chamber, and is used to irradiate the treated flue gas with ultraviolet light; the ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause the residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules to undergo photochemical reactions, thereby converting the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules; ensuring the complete decomposition of all organic toxic substances and reducing the harmful components remaining in the flue gas to a concentration below the environmental protection emission standards.

[0035] Optionally, the intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a feedback control unit; wherein:

[0036] Data acquisition unit: equipped with various types of sensors, including gas composition sensors, temperature sensors and flow rate sensors; installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interactive purification module and deep oxidation module respectively; the gas composition sensor is used to detect various pollutants in the flue gas, including the real-time concentration of acid gas, heavy metal ions and organic toxic substances; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the flue gas temperature; the flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flue gas flow rate;

[0037] Data analysis unit: used to compare and analyze the operating data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operating parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas components, temperature and flow rate fluctuations;

[0038] Feedback control unit: includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module to automatically adjust the operating parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas components and flow conditions.

[0039] Optionally, the data analysis unit specifically includes:

[0040] Smoke component change rate calculation: Receive smoke component concentration data C from the gas component sensor t And by calculating the concentration change at two adjacent time points, the change rate R of the smoke components is determined. The formula is: Among them, C t is the smoke component concentration at the current time point t, C t-1 is the smoke component concentration at the previous time point t-1; Δt is the time interval in seconds;

[0041] Temperature fluctuation calculation: Receive flue gas temperature data T from the temperature sensor t , and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W, the formula is: W = T t -T avg , where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, T avg is the average temperature over a period of time;

[0042] Flow rate fluctuation rate calculation: Receive flue gas flow rate data V from the flow rate sensor t , and calculate the velocity fluctuation rate F, the formula is: Among them, V t is the flue gas velocity at the current time point, V avg is the average flow rate over a period of time;

[0043] Determine the optimal operating parameters in real time: Based on the calculated change rate R, temperature fluctuation rate W and flow rate fluctuation rate F, the calculated results are compared with the target parameters of each module. When the change rate exceeds the target range, instructions will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time.

[0044] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0045] The present invention realizes the comprehensive removal of various complex pollutants in sludge incineration flue gas by integrating multiple efficient flue gas purification technologies. It adopts precise separation and adsorption technology, which can effectively separate and remove acidic gases, heavy metal ions and organic toxic substances, significantly reduce harmful components in flue gas, and thus achieve the purpose of clean emission. In addition, the synergistic effect of purification means such as oxidation and decomposition ensures the thorough decomposition of pollutants, effectively avoiding the risks of complex pollution and secondary pollution.

[0046] The present invention, through intelligent control technology, can automatically adjust purification parameters according to real-time flue gas composition and flow changes to improve system response speed and purification efficiency. This automated regulation not only improves the adaptability of the system under different working conditions, but also achieves energy conservation and consumption reduction, ensures the stability and efficiency of the purification system, and makes flue gas emissions meet strict environmental protection standards, which is conducive to the technological upgrading of the environmental protection industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flue gas efficient purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a dynamic ion separation module according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0051] It should be noted that the references to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments" and the like in the specification indicate that the embodiments described may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when a specific feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, it should be within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether or not explicitly described).

[0052] In general, a term can be understood, at least in part, from its use in context. For example, depending, at least in part, on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in the singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in the plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors, but can instead, depending, at least in part, on the context, allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0053] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration includes a pretreatment module, a dynamic ion separation module, an acid gas neutralization module, a heavy metal adsorption module, an acid-gold interaction purification module, a deep oxidation module and an intelligent control module; wherein:

[0054] Pretreatment module: It is set at the inlet of the system to receive the initial flue gas flow and intercept particulate matter through multi-stage filtration layers to provide a stable flue gas flow for the dynamic ion separation module;

[0055] Dynamic ion separation module: It is set at the downstream of the pretreatment module. It is used to perform preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow based on the flue gas flow provided by the pretreatment module, and provide separation data of acid gas and heavy metals for subsequent modules;

[0056] Acid gas neutralization module: connected to the downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acid gas flow data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acid gas;

[0057] Heavy metal adsorption module: It is arranged downstream of the acid gas neutralization module, and is used to accurately adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module, and output a heavy metal-free flue gas flow;

[0058] Acid-metal interactive purification module: connected to the output ends of the acid gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, used to treat the complex pollutants interactively generated after the separation of heavy metals and acid gases, forming a purified flue gas flow without complex pollution;

[0059] Deep oxidation module: located downstream of the acid-gold interactive purification module, including a high-temperature catalytic bed and a UV oxidizer, used to receive the purified flue gas flow from the acid-gold interactive purification module and decompose the residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards;

[0060] Intelligent control module: connected with each processing module, used to receive and monitor the operating data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operating parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

[0061] The pre-treatment module includes a particle capture unit and a fluid regulation unit; wherein:

[0062] Particle collection unit: including a cyclone separator and a coarse filter device. The cyclone separator is set at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to capture large particles in the initial flue gas flow. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation throws the high-density large particles to the inner wall of the separator and then settles to the collection area; the coarse filter device is set downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually dense filter screens to filter the remaining smaller particles. The aperture of each layer of filter screen decreases layer by layer, and fine particles are intercepted by physical screening, thereby ensuring that the content of particles in the flue gas flow after removal is greatly reduced;

[0063] Fluid regulating unit: including an airflow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The airflow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a porous plate structure. When the flue gas after removing particulate matter flows through the porous plate, it disperses the uneven airflow into multiple small airflow channels to achieve uniform airflow and avoid the influence of local flow rate differences on subsequent modules; the flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the airflow equalizer, and automatically controls the flow rate of the flue gas passing through the adjustable throttle valve or wind speed regulating motor based on system requirements to ensure that the flue gas flow has a stable and controllable speed when entering the subsequent dynamic ion separation module; the functions of each unit of the above-mentioned pretreatment module ensure the effective retention of particulate matter and the homogenization and flow rate regulation of the flue gas flow, providing the dynamic ion separation module with a stable, uniform and appropriate flow rate flue gas flow, significantly improving the overall purification effect and operation efficiency of the system.

[0064] The dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion screen unit and an electric field control unit; wherein:

[0065] Dynamically balanced ion screen unit: includes a multi-stage ion screen and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion screen adopts different screening apertures and is set at each layer of the flue gas flow channel. The multi-stage screening structure effectively intercepts and concentrates most of the heavy metal ions to form a relatively pure acid gas flow and a stratified flow rich in heavy metal ions, so as to facilitate the separation and treatment of subsequent modules; the separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion screen to output the separated acid gas flow and heavy metal flow according to different flow channels to ensure the stratification effect;

[0066] Electric field regulation unit: including parallel electrode plates and electric field control subunits. The parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, exert an electric field force on the heavy metal ions in the flue gas, and make them deviate in a predetermined direction, so as to realize the spatial separation of the acid gas and the heavy metal flow; the electric field control subunit is connected to the parallel electrode plates, and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the changes in the heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, so as to ensure that the heavy metal ions are efficiently deviated and separated with the assistance of the ion screen, thereby generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals; through the mutual cooperation of the above-mentioned units and subunits, the effective preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and acid gases is realized and a stratified flow is formed, so as to ensure that the subsequent modules can obtain accurate acid gas and heavy metal separation data, and improve the overall separation efficiency and purification effect of the system.

[0067] The intensity and direction of the electric field are regulated in the electric field control subunit specifically including:

[0068] Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas flows into the dynamic ion separation module, the sensor is used to detect the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas in real time to determine the mass concentration C of heavy metal ions in the flue gas flow; the heavy metal concentration detection formula is: Among them, m represents the mass of heavy metals in the flue gas, and V represents the volume of the flue gas. This concentration value provides the basis for the subsequent calculation of the electric field strength;

[0069] Calculate the electric field strength: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion screen, calculate the required electric field strength E to offset the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ion in the electric field, in Newtons; Q represents the charge of the heavy metal ion, in Coulombs; in order to effectively deflect the heavy metal ion by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ion, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, A is the acceleration of heavy metal ions, in meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, in seconds; D is the offset distance of the ion screen, in meters;

[0070] Adjust the direction of the electric field: After determining the electric field strength E, the electric field control subunit adjusts the direction of the electric field according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion screen to guide the heavy metal ions to deviate to the predetermined flow channel; the deviation angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions, and the formula is: Where θ represents the deviation angle of the electric field direction, in degrees; V y is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ion, in meters per second; V xis the lateral velocity component of the heavy metal ions, in meters per second; arctan represents the inverse tangent function, which is used to calculate the angle of the velocity vector of the heavy metal ions; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions are allowed to enter the separation channel specified by the ion screen; through the step adjustment of the above-mentioned electric field control subunit, the dynamic adjustment of the electric field strength and direction is achieved, so that the heavy metal ions are effectively offset to the specified channel, generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals, providing accurate heavy metal flow data for the separation processing of subsequent modules, and enhancing the overall separation effect of the system.

[0071] The acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali solution spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; wherein:

[0072] Alkali liquid spray tower: It includes an alkali liquid delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali liquid delivery unit is used to receive the alkali liquid and deliver it to the top of the spray tower. The multi-layer spray structure consists of multiple spray ports. The spray ports on each layer are arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali liquid is evenly distributed in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, thereby reacting with the acidic components in the acid gas to neutralize. Based on the acid gas flow and concentration data provided by the dynamic ion separation module, the structure adjusts the alkali liquid flow rate and spray angle of each layer of the spray port to achieve the best neutralization efficiency.

[0073] Multiphase stirring device: including a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali liquid spray tower, and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower to prevent the unreacted acidic substances from remaining. The gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali liquid and improve the neutralization efficiency. The device fully neutralizes the acid gas components by adjusting the stirring rate and the angle of the stirring blade according to the acid gas composition data provided by the dynamic ion separation module.

[0074] The heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; wherein:

[0075] Nano-adsorption unit: including a porous alumina nano-material layer and an adsorption channel structure. The porous alumina nano-material layer has a nano-structure with an average pore size of 2-10 nanometers, which is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, including lead, cadmium and mercury. The thickness of the porous alumina nano-material layer is set to 2-5 mm to ensure efficient adsorption when the concentration of heavy metal ions is 10-50 mg / m3. The adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano-material layer to guide the flue gas flow through the nano-material layer, so that the heavy metal ions are efficiently captured when they come into contact with the adsorption layer, thereby reducing the heavy metal content in the subsequent flue gas flow.

[0076] Ion exchange unit: arranged downstream of the nano adsorption unit, including a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer adopts a cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1-2 mm, and has exchange reactivity with residual lead, cadmium and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the ion exchange capacity of the exchange unit is set to 0.8-1.2mmol / g to ensure that the heavy metal ion content is 1-5mg / m3 after treatment by the nano adsorption unit and can be fully removed; the regeneration control device is arranged beside the ion exchange resin layer, which is used to regenerate the resin layer regularly according to the system operation time and adsorption saturation state, restore the resin exchange capacity, and maintain long-term stable operation; through the coordinated use of the nano adsorption unit and the ion exchange unit in the above-mentioned heavy metal adsorption module, an accurate response to the heavy metal ion concentration information provided by the dynamic ion separation module is achieved, so that the heavy metal ions can be efficiently adsorbed and completely removed at different concentrations, thereby outputting a heavy metal-free purified flue gas flow that meets the emission standards.

[0077] The acid-gold interactive purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; wherein:

[0078] Oxidation reaction unit: includes an ozone generator and a reaction chamber. The ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O 3 and introduce it into the reaction chamber to carry out oxidation reaction with the composite pollutants; the oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the concentration of residual pollutants after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases, ensuring that the ozone concentration is maintained at 10-20ppm to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them inactive;

[0079] Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, including three-layer catalytic decomposition bed and decomposition reaction controller; the three-layer catalytic decomposition bed adopts titanium (TiO 2 ) and vanadium (V 2 O 5 ) as the main component of a porous catalyst coating, each layer is 3-5 mm thick, which can decompose the oxidized complex pollutants into stable harmless substances; a decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed, and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit, and the reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200-250°C to optimize the decomposition efficiency and ensure that there are no residual complex pollutants in the flue gas; through the interaction of the above-mentioned oxidation reaction unit and the multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit, a deep treatment of the complex pollutants is achieved, and the complex pollutants generated after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases can be completely oxidized and decomposed to form a purified flue gas flow without complex pollution, providing a purification effect that meets the standards for subsequent emissions and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the overall system.

[0080] The deep oxidation module includes a high temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; wherein:

[0081] High temperature catalytic unit: including a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating. The porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the deep oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, which is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst. The catalyst coating includes a catalyst material with precious metals platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) as the main components, which is used to be evenly coated on the surface of the porous ceramic carrier. The high temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300-350°C. At this temperature, the residual organic toxic pollutants such as dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs) are activated by the catalyst, and an oxidative decomposition reaction will occur, decomposing the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas.

[0082] Ultraviolet oxidation unit: arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit, including an ultraviolet lamp and a reaction chamber; the ultraviolet lamp adopts an ultraviolet light source with a wavelength of 254 nanometers and is installed in the reaction chamber for ultraviolet irradiation of the treated flue gas; the ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause the residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules to undergo photochemical reactions, thereby converting the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules; ensuring the complete decomposition of all organic toxic substances and reducing the residual harmful components in the flue gas to a concentration below the environmental emission standards; through the mutual cooperation of the above-mentioned high-temperature catalytic unit and the ultraviolet oxidation unit, the complete decomposition of the residual organic toxic pollutants is achieved, ensuring the cleanliness and safety of the flue gas, making the exhaust flue gas meet environmental protection requirements, and providing reliable guarantee for the overall purification effect of the system.

[0083] The intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a feedback control unit; wherein:

[0084] Data acquisition unit: equipped with various types of sensors, including gas composition sensors, temperature sensors and flow rate sensors; installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interactive purification module and deep oxidation module respectively; gas composition sensors are used to detect various pollutants in flue gas, including the real-time concentration of acid gas, heavy metal ions and organic toxic substances; temperature sensors are used to monitor flue gas temperature to ensure that the temperature is within the appropriate reaction range of each module; flow rate sensors are used to monitor flue gas flow rate to maintain the uniformity of gas flow;

[0085] Data analysis unit: used to compare and analyze the operating data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operating parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas components, temperature and flow rate fluctuations;

[0086] Feedback control unit: includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module to automatically adjust the operating parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas composition and flow conditions.

[0087] The data analysis unit specifically includes:

[0088] Smoke component change rate calculation: Receive smoke component concentration data C from the gas component sensor t (Unit: milligrams per cubic meter), and by calculating the concentration change at two adjacent time points, determine the rate of change R of the smoke composition, the formula is: Among them, C t is the smoke component concentration at the current time point t, C t-1 is the smoke component concentration at the previous time point t-1; Δt is the time interval in seconds; through the calculation of the rate R, the data analysis unit can identify the change in the smoke component concentration of each module and determine whether the operating parameters of the corresponding module need to be adjusted;

[0089] Temperature fluctuation calculation: Receive flue gas temperature data T from the temperature sensor t (unit is degrees Celsius), and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W, the formula is: W = T t -T avg , where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, T avg is the average temperature over a period of time; if the temperature fluctuation W exceeds the preset range, the data analysis unit will generate an adjustment signal to adjust the heating or cooling equipment to ensure that the temperature of each module reaction is maintained within the optimal range;

[0090] Flow rate fluctuation rate calculation: Receive flue gas flow rate data V from the flow rate sensor t (Unit: meters per second), and calculate the velocity fluctuation rate F, the formula is: Among them, V t is the flue gas velocity at the current time point, V avg is the average flow rate over a period of time; if the flow rate fluctuation rate F exceeds the set range, the data analysis unit will send an adjustment signal to adjust the flow rate control device of each module to ensure the stability of the smoke flow;

[0091] Determine the optimal operating parameters in real time: Based on the calculated change rate R, temperature fluctuation rate W and flow rate fluctuation rate F, compare the calculated results with the target parameters of each module. When the change rate exceeds the target range, a command will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time, such as adjusting the alkali solution spray rate in the acid gas neutralization module, adjusting the temperature of the deep oxidation module or adjusting the flow rate of the flow rate control device, so as to ensure that each module is in the best reaction conditions and achieve the effect of efficient purification; through the above steps, real-time monitoring and optimization adjustment of key parameters such as flue gas composition, temperature and flow rate are realized, providing the best operating parameters for each module, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the system under complex working conditions, thereby improving the overall purification effect and system stability.

[0092] The present invention covers any substitution, modification, equivalent method and scheme made on the essence and scope of the present invention. In order to make the public have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, in order to avoid unnecessary confusion about the essence of the present invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components and circuits are not described in detail.

[0093] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration, characterized in that: It includes pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interaction purification module, deep oxidation module and intelligent control module; among which: Pretreatment module: It is set at the inlet of the system to receive the initial flue gas flow and intercept particulate matter through multi-stage filtration layers to provide a stable flue gas flow for the dynamic ion separation module; Dynamic ion separation module: It is set at the downstream of the pretreatment module. It is used to perform preliminary separation of heavy metal ions and form a stratified flow based on the flue gas flow provided by the pretreatment module, and provide separation data of acid gas and heavy metals for subsequent modules; Acid gas neutralization module: connected to the downstream of the dynamic ion separation module, used to adjust the neutralization reaction conditions according to the acid gas flow data provided by the dynamic ion separation module to stabilize the emission of acid gas; Heavy metal adsorption module: It is arranged downstream of the acid gas neutralization module, and is used to accurately adsorb heavy metal ions according to the heavy metal separation information provided by the dynamic ion separation module, and output a heavy metal-free flue gas flow; Acid-metal interactive purification module: connected to the output ends of the acid gas neutralization module and the heavy metal adsorption module, used to treat the complex pollutants interactively generated after the separation of heavy metals and acid gases, forming a purified flue gas flow without complex pollution; Deep oxidation module: located downstream of the acid-gold interactive purification module, it is used to receive the purified flue gas flow from the acid-gold interactive purification module and decompose the residual organic toxic pollutants to ensure that the flue gas meets the emission standards; Intelligent control module: connected with each processing module, used to receive and monitor the operating data of each module in real time, and automatically adjust the module operating parameters according to the flue gas composition and flow conditions to ensure efficient purification of the system under different working conditions.

2. The high-efficiency purification system for sludge incineration flue gas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-treatment module includes a particle capture unit and a fluid regulation unit; wherein: The particle collection unit includes a cyclone separator and a coarse filter. The cyclone separator is arranged at the inlet end and uses the centrifugal separation principle to collect large particles in the initial flue gas flow. The centrifugal force generated by the rotation throws the high-density large particles toward the inner wall of the separator and then settles them in the collection area. The coarse filter is arranged downstream of the cyclone separator and includes multiple layers of gradually dense filters for filtering the remaining smaller particles. The aperture of each layer of the filter decreases layer by layer, and fine particles are intercepted by physical screening. Fluid regulating unit: includes an airflow equalizer and a flow rate control device. The airflow equalizer is located downstream of the coarse filtration device and adopts a porous plate structure. When the flue gas after particulate matter is removed flows through the porous plate, the uneven airflow is dispersed into multiple small airflow channels to achieve uniform airflow. The flow rate control device is connected to the output end of the airflow equalizer and automatically controls the flow rate of the flue gas passing through the porous plate based on system requirements through an adjustable throttle valve or a wind speed regulating motor.

3. The efficient purification system for sludge incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic ion separation module includes a dynamic balance ion screen unit and an electric field control unit; wherein: Dynamically balanced ion screen unit: includes a multi-stage ion screen and a separation channel structure. The multi-stage ion screen adopts different screening apertures and is arranged at each layer of the flue gas flow channel. Most of the heavy metal ions are effectively intercepted and concentrated through the multi-stage screening structure to form a relatively pure acid gas flow and a layered flow rich in heavy metal ions; the separation channel structure is connected to the multi-stage ion screen to output the separated acid gas flow and heavy metal flow according to different flow channels; Electric field regulation unit: includes parallel electrode plates and an electric field control subunit, wherein the parallel electrode plates are arranged on both sides of the separation channel, and are used to generate a constant electric field when the flue gas flows through, exert an electric field force on the heavy metal ions in the flue gas, and make them deviate in a predetermined direction, so as to realize the spatial separation of the acid gas and the heavy metal flow; the electric field control subunit is connected to the parallel electrode plates, and is used to adjust the intensity and direction of the electric field to adapt to the changes in the heavy metal concentration in different flue gas components, and ensure that the heavy metal ions are efficiently deviated and separated with the assistance of the ion screen, thereby generating a stratified flow rich in heavy metals.

4. The high-efficiency purification system for sludge incineration flue gas according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The electric field control subunit specifically includes: Heavy metal concentration detection: Before the flue gas flows into the dynamic ion separation module, the heavy metal concentration in the flue gas is detected in real time using a sensor to determine the mass concentration C of heavy metal ions in the flue gas flow; Calculate the electric field strength: According to the detected heavy metal ion concentration C and the separation distance D of the ion screen, calculate the required electric field strength E to offset the heavy metal ions. The calculation formula is: Where F represents the force exerted on the heavy metal ion in the electric field, in Newtons; Q represents the charge of the heavy metal ion, in Coulombs; in order to effectively deflect the heavy metal ion by a distance D, the required force F is determined according to the acceleration A and mass M of the heavy metal ion, and the calculation formula is: Wherein, A is the acceleration of heavy metal ions, in meters per second squared; T is the set separation time, in seconds; D is the offset distance of the ion screen, in meters; Adjust the direction of the electric field: After determining the electric field strength E, the electric field control subunit adjusts the direction of the electric field according to the flow direction of the heavy metal ions and the spatial position of the ion screen to guide the heavy metal ions to deviate to the predetermined flow channel; the deviation angle of the electric field direction is calculated according to the longitudinal velocity and transverse velocity of the heavy metal ions, and the formula is: Where θ represents the deviation angle of the electric field direction, in degrees; V y is the longitudinal velocity component of the heavy metal ion, in meters per second; V x is the lateral velocity component of the heavy metal ions, measured in meters per second; arctan represents the inverse tangent function; by controlling the value of θ, the heavy metal ions enter the separation channel specified by the ion screen.

5. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acid gas neutralization module includes an alkali solution spray tower and a multiphase stirring device; wherein: Alkali liquid spray tower: It includes an alkali liquid delivery unit and a multi-layer spray structure. The alkali liquid delivery unit is used to receive the alkali liquid and deliver it to the top of the spray tower. The multi-layer spray structure is composed of multiple spray ports. The spray ports of each layer are arranged at different angles and flow rates to ensure that the alkali liquid is evenly distributed in the spray tower to cover the flow path of the acid gas, thereby neutralizing the acid components in the acid gas. The multiphase stirring device comprises a mechanical stirring unit and a gas-liquid mixing channel. The mechanical stirring unit is installed at the bottom of the alkali solution spray tower and is used to fully stir the acid-base mixed liquid after the reaction in the spray tower. The gas-liquid mixing channel is connected to the mechanical stirring unit and is used to accelerate the gas-liquid contact reaction between the acid gas and the alkali solution and improve the neutralization efficiency.

6. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heavy metal adsorption module includes a nano adsorption unit and an ion exchange unit; wherein: Nano adsorption unit: comprising a porous alumina nano material layer and an adsorption channel structure, wherein the porous alumina nano material layer has a nano structure with an average pore size of 2-10 nanometers and is used to adsorb heavy metal ions, including lead, cadmium and mercury; the thickness of the porous alumina nano material layer is set to 2-5 mm to ensure efficient adsorption when the concentration of heavy metal ions is 10-50 mg / m3; the adsorption channel structure is arranged below the porous alumina nano material layer to guide the flue gas flow through the nano material layer so that the heavy metal ions are efficiently captured when in contact with the adsorption layer; Ion exchange unit: arranged downstream of the nano adsorption unit, including a resin ion exchange layer and a regeneration control device; the resin ion exchange layer uses a cation exchange resin with a particle size of 1-2 mm, which has exchange reactivity with residual lead, cadmium and mercury ions in the flue gas to reduce the heavy metal content in the flue gas; the regeneration control device is arranged beside the ion exchange resin layer, and is used to regularly regenerate the resin layer according to the system operation time and the adsorption saturation state to restore the resin exchange capacity.

7. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The acid-gold interactive purification module includes an oxidation reaction unit and a multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit; wherein: Oxidation reaction unit: comprising an ozone generator and a reaction chamber, wherein the ozone generator is used to electrolyze oxygen to generate ozone O3, and introduce it into the reaction chamber to perform an oxidation reaction with the composite pollutants; the oxidation reaction unit also includes automatically adjusting the ozone flow rate according to the residual pollutant concentration after the separation of heavy metals and acidic gases, ensuring that the ozone concentration is maintained at 10-20ppm, so as to oxidize the residual acidic gases and heavy metal oxides and make them inactive; Multi-stage catalytic decomposition unit: located downstream of the oxidation reaction unit, including three-layer catalytic decomposition beds and a decomposition reaction controller; the three-layer catalytic decomposition bed adopts a porous catalyst coating containing titanium and vanadium as main components, each layer is 3-5 mm thick, and can decompose the oxidized complex pollutants into stable harmless substances; the decomposition reaction controller is connected to each catalytic bed, and is used to adjust the flue gas flow rate and reaction temperature according to the output of the oxidation reaction unit. The reaction temperature is specifically controlled at 200-250°C to optimize the decomposition efficiency.

8. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deep oxidation module includes a high temperature catalytic unit and an ultraviolet oxidation unit; wherein: High temperature catalytic unit: comprising a porous ceramic carrier and a catalyst coating, wherein the porous ceramic carrier is arranged at the inlet end of the deep oxidation module and has a honeycomb structure, and is used to increase the contact area between the flue gas and the catalyst; the catalyst coating comprises a catalyst material with precious metals platinum and palladium as main components, and is used to be evenly coated on the surface of the porous ceramic carrier; the high temperature catalytic unit heats the flue gas to 300-350°C, at which temperature the residual organic toxic pollutants such as dioxins and furans are activated by the catalyst, and an oxidative decomposition reaction will occur, decomposing the organic toxic substances into carbon dioxide and water, so as to reduce the toxicity of the flue gas; Ultraviolet oxidation unit: arranged downstream of the high-temperature catalytic unit, including an ultraviolet lamp and a reaction chamber; the ultraviolet lamp adopts an ultraviolet light source with a wavelength of 254 nanometers, is installed in the reaction chamber, and is used to irradiate the treated flue gas with ultraviolet light; the ultraviolet light irradiation in the reaction chamber can cause the residual trace organic toxic pollutant molecules to undergo photochemical reactions, thereby converting the undecomposed organic molecules into non-toxic small molecules; ensuring the complete decomposition of all organic toxic substances and reducing the harmful components remaining in the flue gas to a concentration below the environmental protection emission standards.

9. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge incineration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The intelligent control module includes a data acquisition unit, a data analysis unit and a feedback control unit; wherein: Data acquisition unit: equipped with various types of sensors, including gas composition sensors, temperature sensors and flow rate sensors; installed in the pretreatment module, dynamic ion separation module, acid gas neutralization module, heavy metal adsorption module, acid-gold interactive purification module and deep oxidation module respectively; the gas composition sensor is used to detect various pollutants in the flue gas, including the real-time concentration of acid gas, heavy metal ions and organic toxic substances; the temperature sensor is used to monitor the flue gas temperature; the flow rate sensor is used to monitor the flue gas flow rate; Data analysis unit: used to compare and analyze the operating data of each module with the set target parameters, and determine the optimal operating parameters of each module in real time by calculating the change rate of flue gas components, temperature and flow rate fluctuations; Feedback control unit: includes a controller and an actuator. The controller is used to send adjustment signals to the actuators of each module according to the analysis results of the data analysis unit; the actuator is connected to the adjustment devices of each module to automatically adjust the operating parameters of each module to ensure that the system can efficiently remove pollutants under different flue gas components and flow conditions.

10. The high-efficiency purification system for flue gas from sludge burning according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data analysis unit specifically includes: Smoke component change rate calculation: Receive smoke component concentration data C from the gas component sensor t And by calculating the concentration change at two adjacent time points, the change rate R of the smoke components is determined. The formula is: Among them, C t is the smoke component concentration at the current time point t, C t-1 is the smoke component concentration at the previous time point t-1; Δt is the time interval in seconds Temperature fluctuation calculation: Receive flue gas temperature data T from the temperature sensor t , and calculate the temperature fluctuation rate W, the formula is: W = T t -T avg , where T t is the flue gas temperature at the current time point, T avg is the average temperature over a period of time; Flow rate fluctuation rate calculation: Receive flue gas flow rate data V from the flow rate sensor t , and calculate the velocity fluctuation rate F, the formula is: Among them, V t is the flue gas velocity at the current time point, V avg is the average flow rate over a period of time; Determine the optimal operating parameters in real time: Based on the calculated change rate R, temperature fluctuation rate W and flow rate fluctuation rate F, the calculated results are compared with the target parameters of each module. When the change rate exceeds the target range, instructions will be sent to the feedback control unit to adjust the parameters of each module in real time.

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