Static water ecosystem restoration method

Abstract

The invention provides a static water ecosystem restoration method, which comprises: S1, water body diagnosis: collecting a water sample, carrying out index analysis, and analyzing the transparency, the pH value and the nitrogen-phosphorus content ratio of the water body; s2, bottom mud improvement: analyzing the components of the bottom mud, and dredging the bottom mud with high heavy metal content and rich organic matters; S3, water quality improvement: putting a microbial complex microbial inoculant into water to quickly repair the water body; s4, aquatic plant restoration: selecting aquatic plant varieties according to conditions such as illumination, water depth and water quality of the water body; s5, animal restoration: selecting proper aquatic animal species according to the pollution degree and ecological status of the water body; s6, later maintenance and management: regularly detecting the water quality, trimming and replanting the aquatic plants, and controlling the population number of aquatic animals; through the operations, the rapid restoration of the water body is realized, and a set of complete water ecosystem can be established in the later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a method for repairing a static water ecosystem. Background Art

[0002] A still water ecosystem refers to an ecosystem with relatively still water, slow water flow or no obvious water flow, mainly including lakes, ponds, reservoirs and other water bodies. Compared with flowing water ecosystems, its most notable feature is the poor fluidity of the water. Still water ecosystems are relatively closed. Due to this closed nature, when exogenous pollutants and domestic sewage enter the still water ecosystem, it is very easy to cause eutrophication of the water body. Eutrophication of water bodies will promote the massive reproduction of algae. Once the biomass of harmful algae exceeds the normal range, algal blooms will form. The appearance of algal blooms will break the original ecological balance of the still water ecosystem and have many adverse effects on the survival and reproduction of other organisms in the water.

[0003] However, current restoration technologies and methods are mainly based on water quality target regulation and management, ignoring biodiversity and the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a static water ecosystem restoration method to solve this problem. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, it is urgent to invent a method for repairing a static water ecosystem and ensuring that the water ecosystem can continue to be maintained in the later stage. The present application provides a method for repairing a static water ecosystem.

[0005] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for restoring a static water ecosystem, comprising:

[0007] S1. Water body diagnosis: Collect water samples for index analysis, analyze water transparency, pH value and nitrogen-phosphorus content ratio;

[0008] S2. Sediment improvement: Analyze sediment composition and dredge sediments with high heavy metal content and rich in organic matter;

[0009] S3. Water quality improvement: Add microbial compound agents into the water to quickly repair the water body;

[0010] S4. Aquatic plant restoration: Select aquatic plant species based on the water quality conditions of the water body;

[0011] S5. Animal restoration: Select appropriate aquatic animal species based on the pollution level and ecological status of the water body;

[0012] S6. Post-maintenance management: Regularly test water quality, prune and replant aquatic plants, and control the population of aquatic animals.

[0013] Preferably, the microbial composite agent in step S3 of the static water ecosystem restoration method includes Shimamoto enzyme bacteria, composite Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, and the ratio of Shimamoto enzyme bacteria: composite Bacillus: lactic acid bacteria: photosynthetic bacteria is 2:3:2:3.

[0014] In the above technical scheme, Shimamoto enzyme bacteria can decompose organic matter in water bodies, improve the physical and chemical properties of water bodies, reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of water bodies, and reduce the degree of water pollution; complex Bacillus can decompose organic macromolecules such as protein, starch, and fat, and can also compete with harmful algae in the water for nutrients and inhibit the growth of harmful algae; lactic acid bacteria can lower the pH value of water bodies, improve the microbial community structure of water bodies, decompose simple organic matter such as sugars in water, and promote the material cycle of the ecosystem; photosynthetic bacteria can use light energy to convert inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide into their own organic matter, while releasing oxygen, and can also absorb and convert harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water, and use small molecular organic matter in water bodies for photosynthetic growth.

[0015] Preferably, the aquatic plant species selected in step S4 of the static water ecosystem restoration method include emergent plants and submerged plants, the emergent plants are planted in the terrestrial and aquatic transition zone, the submerged plants are planted in deep water areas, and the plant height of the submerged plants is ≥15 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the emergent plants in the static water ecosystem restoration method include one or more of reed, Phragmites australis, and Zizania latifolia, with a planting density of 8-12 plants / ㎡; the submerged plants include one or more of Dermatophyte, Foxtail Algae, and Hydrilla versicolor, with a planting density of 50-100 plants / ㎡.

[0017] In the above technical scheme, emergent plants can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, reduce the eutrophication degree of the water body, and can also fix the soil on the slope to prevent wave erosion of the slope. In addition, they can reduce the scouring of the slope by rainwater runoff entering the lake and reduce the amount of sediment entering the water body; submerged plants can absorb nutrients in the water, reduce the eutrophication degree of the water body, and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body to improve water quality; the planting density of 8-12 plants / ㎡ of emergent plants maximizes the use of planting space while ensuring plant growth space, and 50-100 plants / ㎡ of submerged plants help submerged plants quickly form communities and improve water quality.

[0018] Preferably, the aquatic animal species in step S5 of the static water ecosystem restoration method include benthic animals and filter-feeding fish, the benthic animals include one or two of river clams and Chinese mitten crabs, the breeding density is 1.5-1.8 per square meter, the filter-feeding fish include silver carp, bighead carp and fine-scaled platy carp, and the number ratio is silver carp: bighead carp: fine-scaled platy carp = 1:1:3.

[0019] In the above technical scheme, benthic animals feed on plankton, organic debris, etc. in the water by filtering, and affect the physical structure of the bottom of the water body, which is beneficial to the material exchange between the water body and the bottom. 1.5-1.8 benthic animals / ㎡ ensure that the benthic animals have sufficient activity space and food sources, and can avoid excessive impact on the growth of aquatic plants; silver carp and bighead carp belong to the upper and middle layer fish, silver carp filters phytoplankton, and bighead carp filters zooplankton. There is a certain complementarity in food intake, which can be used to control the number of plankton in the water body, improve water quality, and reduce the degree of eutrophication of the water body. Fine-scaled oblique-jawed carp belongs to the lower and middle layer fish, and its filtering and scraping behaviors can effectively reduce organic pollutants and plankton in the bottom, improve water quality, and the ratio of silver carp: bighead carp: fine-scaled oblique-jawed carp = 1:1:3 fully utilizes the space of the water body, increases the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem, and is beneficial to maintaining the ecological balance.

[0020] Preferably, the method further comprises aerating the water body.

[0021] In the above technical solution, the oxygen content in water is increased to provide oxygen for plants, animals and microorganisms in the water.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In view of the characteristics of static water ecology, through water body diagnosis, sediment improvement, water quality improvement, aquatic plant restoration, animal restoration and post-maintenance management, we can not only achieve rapid restoration of water bodies, but also establish a complete water ecosystem in the later stage. Through microbial compound agents, aquatic plant species and aquatic animals, the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem is increased, which is conducive to maintaining ecological balance.

[0024] 2. Shimamoto enzyme bacteria and complex Bacillus mainly act on the bottom layer of the water body, lactic acid bacteria are mainly active in the middle and lower layers of the water body, and photosynthetic bacteria require light and mainly play a role in the middle and upper layers of the water body. The mixed application of these four bacteria follows the principle of niche complementarity, and this ratio can avoid the over-reproduction of one microorganism and dominate, which is beneficial to population balance.

[0025] 3. Emergent plants can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water, reduce the eutrophication of the water, and can also filter and precipitate the water; submerged plants can absorb nutrients in the water, reduce the eutrophication of the water, and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water, improving the water quality.

[0026] 4. Benthic animals feed on plankton, organic debris, etc. in the water by filtering them, and affect the physical structure of the bottom of the water body, which is beneficial to the exchange of substances between the water body and the bottom, making full use of the water body space and improving the efficiency and effect of restoration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example

[0029] A natural lake in Wuhu City, Anhui Province was selected as the experimental site. The lake area is 20,000 square meters and the lake appears blue-green in color.

[0030] Water was randomly collected from three locations in the lake and the water samples were analyzed for indicators. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Water point 1 Water point 3 Water point 3 pH 9.3 9.1 9.2 Turbidity (NTU) 45 48 44 Nitrogen: Phosphorus 6.8：1 7：1 6.8：1

[0032] Table 1

[0033] The test results in Table 1 confirm that the lake is eutrophic and the balance of the ecosystem is broken.

[0034] Aquatic products were randomly salvaged in the lake, and grass carp, crucian carp and silver carp were obtained, including 1 grass carp, 4 crucian carp, 15 silver carp and 5 Northeast black crayfish. The biodiversity was calculated according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index formula, which is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Where:

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] s is the number of species;

[0040] The number of individuals of the i-th species is ni;

[0041] The total number of individuals is N;

[0042] The proportion of individuals of the i-th species to the total number of individuals is pi;

[0043] Calculation can be obtained When only aquatic animals are counted in a natural lake with a normal ecosystem balance, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index is 2-3, which verifies that the ecosystem of this lake has been destroyed.

[0044] The reason why many lake ecosystems are difficult to recover is that the bottom mud is rich in organic matter and heavy metals, which affects the growth of aquatic plants and animals. This time, we first used the columnar sampling method to investigate the bottom mud conditions and dredge the bottom mud with high organic matter content and heavy metals.

[0045] Prepare the microbial composite agent, the weight ratio is Shimamoto enzyme bacteria: composite bacillus: lactic acid bacteria: photosynthetic bacteria = 2:3:2:3, according to 100g / m 3 The compound biological agent was put in, Shimamoto enzyme bacteria and compound Bacillus mainly acted on the bottom of the water body, lactic acid bacteria mainly acted in the middle and lower layers of the water body, and photosynthetic bacteria needed light and mainly acted in the middle and upper layers of the water body. The mixed application of these four bacteria followed the principle of niche complementarity, and this ratio can avoid the excessive reproduction of one microorganism and dominate, which is conducive to population balance. After 20 days, water was randomly collected from 3 places in the lake, and the water samples were analyzed for indicators. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0046] Water point 1 Water point 3 Water point 3 pH 8.4 8.4 8.3 Turbidity (NTU) 25 23 22 Nitrogen: Phosphorus 10：1 10.4：1 10.6：1

[0047] Table 2

[0048] It can be seen from the above table that the introduction of the microbial composite agent provided by the present invention after dredging the bottom mud can quickly restore the water quality in a short period of time. The next task is to repair the water ecosystem of the lake.

[0049] In shallow water areas, emergent plants such as one or more of reeds, reed bamboo, and wild rice stem are planted at a planting density of 8-12 plants / ㎡, and are planted in the water-land transition zone. In this embodiment, reeds and wild rice stems are planted; in deep water areas, submerged plants such as duckweed, foxtail algae, and black algae are planted. The plant height of the submerged plants is ≥15cm, the planting density is 50-100 plants / ㎡, and the planting area is 30% of the deep water area of ​​the lake. In this embodiment, duckweed and foxtail algae are planted; reeds have strong adaptability, and combined with wild rice stems, they can quickly absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, reduce the eutrophication of the water body, and can also fix the soil on the slope to prevent wave erosion of the slope. In addition, the scouring of the slope by rainwater runoff entering the lake is reduced, and the amount of sediment entering the water body is reduced; duckweed has strong adaptability, and foxtail algae has fast reproduction ability. The mixed planting of the two can absorb nutrients in the water across the water, reduce the eutrophication of the water body, and increase the dissolved oxygen in the water body to improve water quality.

[0050] Benthic animals are cultured in lakes, including one or more of river clams, Chinese mitten crabs and Northeastern black crayfish. In this embodiment, the three species are mixed and stocked, and the breeding density is 1.5-1.8 per square meter. The filter-feeding fish cultured include silver carp, bighead carp and fine-scaled scorpionfish. The silver carp: bighead carp: fine-scaled scorpionfish = 1:1:3, and the breeding density is 600 tails per mu (that is, 120 silver carps, 120 bighead carps and 360 bighead carps are put per mu). Benthic animals feed on plankton, organic debris and the like in the filter-feeding water, and affect the physical structure of the bottom of the water body, which is beneficial to the water body and the bottom quality. There is a certain complementarity in food intake, which can be used to control the number of plankton in the water body, improve water quality, and reduce the degree of eutrophication of the water body. The fine-scaled platycarp belongs to the middle and lower layer fish. Its filtering and scraping behaviors can effectively reduce organic pollutants and plankton in the bottom sediment and improve water quality. The ratio of silver carp: bighead carp: fine-scaled platycarp = 1:1:3 makes full use of the space of the water body, increases the biodiversity of the aquatic ecosystem, and is conducive to maintaining the ecological balance.

[0051] Add impeller aeration equipment in lakes to provide oxygen for the growth of aquatic plants, animals and microorganisms, regularly test water quality, trim and replant aquatic plants, and control the population of aquatic animals.

[0052] Six months later, water was randomly collected from three locations in the lake and the water samples were analyzed for indicators. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0053] Water point 1 Water point 3 Water point 3 pH 7.8 7.6 7.7 Turbidity (NTU) 10 11 12 Nitrogen: Phosphorus 13：1 13.2：1 13.5：1

[0054] Table 3

[0055] Aquatic products were randomly salvaged in the lake, and grass carp, black carp, croaker, yellow catfish, crucian carp, silver carp, bighead carp, fine-scaled gyrfalcon, river mussel, Chinese mitten crab and Northeast black crayfish were obtained. Among them, there were 1 grass carp, 1 black carp, 2 croakers, 2 yellow catfish, 3 crucian carp, 8 croakers, 2 silver carp, 2 bighead carp, 5 fine-scaled gyrfalcon, 1 river mussel, 1 Chinese mitten crab and 2 Northeast black crayfish. According to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index formula Calculating biodiversity, we get:

[0056]

[0057] By calculating the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of aquatic animals, we can know that the ecosystem of this lake meets the habitat and food source needs of aquatic animals, and thus we can know that the water ecosystem of this lake has been restored.

[0058] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes made using the description of the present invention are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring a static water ecosystem, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Water body diagnosis: Collect water samples for index analysis, analyze water transparency, pH value and nitrogen-phosphorus content ratio; S2. Sediment improvement: Analyze sediment composition and dredge sediments with high heavy metal content and rich in organic matter; S3. Water quality improvement: Add microbial compound agents into the water to quickly repair the water body; S4. Aquatic plant restoration: Select aquatic plant species based on the water quality conditions of the water body; S5. Animal restoration: Select appropriate aquatic animal species based on the pollution level and ecological status of the water body; S5. Post-maintenance management: Regularly test water quality, prune and replant aquatic plants, and control the population of aquatic animals.

2. The method for restoring a static water ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial composite agent in step S3 includes Shimamoto enzyme bacteria, composite Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria, and the ratio of Shimamoto enzyme bacteria: composite Bacillus: lactic acid bacteria: photosynthetic bacteria is 2:3:2:

3.

3. The static water ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic plant species selected in step S4 include emergent plants and submerged plants. The emergent plants are planted in the terrestrial and aquatic transition zone, and the submerged plants are planted in deep water areas. The plant height of the submerged plants is ≥15 cm.

4. The method for restoring a static water ecosystem according to claim 3, characterized in that: The emergent plants include one or more of reed, Phragmites australis, and Zizania latifolia, with a planting density of 8-12 plants / ㎡; the submerged plants include one or more of Dermatophyte, Foxtail algae, and Hydrilla versicolor, with a planting density of 50-100 plants / ㎡.

5. The method for restoring a static water ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic animal species in step S5 include benthic animals and filter-feeding fish, the benthic animals include one or more of river clams, Chinese mitten crabs, and Northeast black crayfish, the breeding density is 1.5-1.8 per square meter, the filter-feeding fish include silver carp, bighead carp, and fine-scaled platygrandiu, and the number ratio is silver carp: bighead carp: fine-scaled platygrandiu=1:1:

3.

6. The method for restoring a static water ecosystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes aerating the water body.

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