Device and method for analyzing form of heavy metal in solid waste

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal detection and analysis, in particular to a device and method for analyzing the form of heavy metal in solid waste, and the device comprises a crushing assembly which comprises a rack, a crushing bin mounted on one side of the rack and provided with a feeding opening, and at least two groups of crushing rollers rotationally connected in the crushing bin; the screening assembly is arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin and comprises a screening bin arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin, a screening plate arranged in the screening bin and a second driving part arranged on one side of the crushing bin and used for driving the screening plate to vibrate; and the sampling assembly is arranged on one side of the screening bin and comprises a sampling opening which is formed in one side of the screening bin and is matched with each group of screening plates, and an extraction part which is arranged on one side of the sampling opening. According to the invention, solid wastes with large volumes are crushed and samples with similar volumes are screened out for detection, so that in the same contrast detection group, the effective contact areas of an extracting solution and each sample are similar.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of heavy metal detection and analysis, and in particular to a device and method for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are few standard operating methods and equipment for the analysis of heavy metal forms in solid waste in China. Experimenters generally conduct experiments according to the three-step extraction method proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR). Although this method is simple to operate, the sample may be lost during centrifugation and washing, resulting in a low recovery rate of elements.

[0003] CN210953965U discloses a device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, which specifically includes: a sampling device, a suction filtration bottle and a high-pressure can; the suction filtration bottle can be combined with the lower part of the sampling device, and the sampling device can be placed inside the high-pressure can. This scheme realizes the transformation of the extraction device based on the BCR theory, reduces sample loss, improves element recovery rate, and greatly facilitates the operation of experimenters to solve the problems of high error and high loss rate existing in traditional methods, but there is still room for improvement:

[0004] This scheme does not provide a method for preliminary screening of solid waste samples. Since the volumes of different types of solid waste are different when being tested and analyzed, the effective contact areas when being extracted by immersion in the extracting solution are different, which makes the final detection results inaccurate. Second, the sampling device of this scheme is composed of multiple detachable parts, and it needs to be assembled and disassembled many times during the experiment. Especially when multiple groups of comparative experiments are required, the operation steps are time-consuming and inefficient. Third, the extraction and separation steps of the extracting solution of this scheme are cumbersome. The extraction process requires long-term oscillation in an oscillator, and then the sample and the extracting solution are separated. Summary of the invention

[0005] Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of the present application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions shall not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] To address the deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, comprising:

[0008] The crushing assembly comprises a frame, a crushing chamber installed on one side of the frame and provided with a feeding opening, at least two groups of crushing rollers rotatably connected to the crushing chamber, and a driving part arranged on one side of the frame and used to drive the crushing rollers, wherein the solid waste is squeezed and crushed after the at least two groups of crushing rollers rotate in cooperation with each other;

[0009] A screening component, the screening component is arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin, comprising a screening bin arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin, a screen plate arranged in the screening bin, and a second driving part arranged at one side of the crushing bin and used to drive the screen plate to vibrate, the screen plates are arranged in at least three groups spaced from top to bottom, and the screen holes of the at least three groups of the screen plates decrease in size from top to bottom; and,

[0010] A sampling component is arranged on one side of the screening bin, comprising a sampling opening opened on one side of the screening bin and adapted to each group of sieve plates respectively, and an extraction part arranged on one side of the sampling opening. The crushed samples screened by each group of sieve plates are sampled from the sampling opening, and the extraction part is used to separate an extract containing heavy metals from the crushed samples.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid wastes of the present invention, a temporary collection bin for storing crushed samples is provided on one side of the outer wall of the screening bin close to the sampling opening, and a sealing plate for controlling the sampling opening is provided on one side of the temporary collection bin close to the sampling opening;

[0012] The extraction part includes a quantitative discharge piece arranged at the lowest point of the temporary collection bin, a sampling bottle adapted to the quantitative discharge piece is connected to the outside of the screening bin, and an accelerating separation piece for promoting the separation of heavy metals in the crushed sample is arranged on one side of the screening bin.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid wastes of the present invention, the quantitative material discharging member comprises a cylindrical groove arranged at the bottom of the temporary material collecting bin, a rotating drum rotatably connected in the cylindrical groove, and a material storage bin recessed inwardly and opened on one side of the rotating drum, and the top and bottom of the cylindrical groove are provided with communication ports adapted to the material storage bin;

[0014] The sampling bottle comprises a main bottle body with an opening, a separation funnel threadedly connected to a side of the main bottle body close to the opening, and a filter plate detachably mounted in the separation funnel, the filter plate separating the openings at both ends of the separation funnel, and the opening size of the main bottle body is adapted to the opening size of the communication port;

[0015] Among them, the larger opening end of the separation funnel is threadedly connected to the opening end of the main bottle body, and the smaller opening end of the separation funnel is detachably connected to a one-way air outlet valve, which only allows the gas in the separation funnel to flow outward.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid wastes of the present invention, a connecting portion is provided between the screening bin and the sampling bottle, the connecting portion comprises a support rod connecting the sampling bottle to the outer wall of the screening bin, an adjusting member provided on one side of the support rod and used to adjust the direction of the opening of the main bottle body, and a trigger driving member connected between the support rod and the rotating drum, the trigger driving member is used to drive the storage bin to rotate to cooperate with the communication port at the top or bottom;

[0017] When the storage bin rotates to align with the top connecting port, the crushed sample in the temporary collection bin is obtained, and when the storage bin rotates to align with the bottom connecting port, the crushed sample is released into the main bottle body;

[0018] When the opening of the main bottle body faces upward, the crushed sample is immersed in the extract at the bottom of the main bottle body. When the opening of the main bottle body faces downward, the filter plate separates the crushed sample from the extract.

[0019] As a preferred solution of the device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste described in the present invention, the support rod is a retractable structure, including a fixed section fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening bin, a retractable section slidably connected to one side of the fixed section along a straight line, and a connecting pipe connected between the retractable section and the main bottle body, the connecting pipe is fixedly connected to the retractable section, and a supporting spring is provided in the fixed section to squeeze the retractable section toward the connecting pipe. When the retractable section slides toward the fixed section, the opening of the main bottle body moves toward the connecting port at the bottom of the temporary aggregate bin.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste described in the present invention, the trigger driving member includes a connecting column rotatably connected to the surface of the fixed section, two sets of transmission wheels coaxially connected to the rotating drum and the connecting column respectively, a transmission belt is connected between the two sets of transmission wheels, a guide rod is provided on the side of the telescopic section close to the connecting column, an arc-shaped rotation groove adapted to the guide rod is provided on the surface of the connecting column, and the rotation angle of the arc-shaped rotation groove is 180°. When the guide rod slides relative to the arc-shaped rotation groove, the connecting column is pushed to rotate relative to the fixed section.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste described in the present invention, the telescopic section is a telescopic structure, and the telescopic section is stored in the interior of the connecting column after contraction. The adjusting member includes a limiting clip slidably connected to one end of the telescopic section, a second supporting spring connected between the other end of the telescopic section and the limiting clip, and a limiting groove opened on the outside of the main bottle body and adapted to the limiting clip. The main bottle body and the connecting pipe are rotatably connected, and the limiting groove and the limiting clip are symmetrically arranged relative to the horizontal plane where the rotation axis of the main bottle body is located, and the second supporting spring is used to push the limiting clip into the limiting groove.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid wastes of the present invention, the main bottle body includes a gas storage tank fixedly connected to the bottom, the limiting groove is arranged on the outer wall of the gas storage tank, and the main bottle body is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe through the gas storage tank;

[0023] The accelerating separation component includes a fan arranged on one side of the frame, an exhaust pipe arranged on one side of the fan and an exhaust pipe arranged on the other side of the fan, the connecting pipe is a tubular structure and is connected to the gas storage tank, the exhaust pipe is connected to the connecting pipe, and the gas storage tank is provided with a one-way exhaust valve No. 2 connected to the main bottle body, and the one-way exhaust valve No. 2 only allows the gas in the gas storage tank to flow into the main bottle body.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid wastes described in the present invention, the air extraction pipe is connected to the bottom of the screening bin, and a dust collector is provided between the air outlet pipe and the connecting pipe.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste of the present invention are as follows: the crushing component, the screening component and the sampling component are arranged to cooperate with each other, so that larger solid waste can be crushed and samples of similar volume can be screened out for detection, so that in the same comparative detection group, the effective contact area between the extract and each sample is similar, and the operation steps of the sampling bottle during detection are simplified, thereby improving the detection efficiency and accelerating the extraction and separation speed of the sample.

[0026] To address the deficiencies of the prior art, based on the same inventive concept, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste.

[0027] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, using the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, and operating according to the following steps:

[0028] The target solid waste is added into the crushing bin through the feeding opening, and the crushing roller is driven by the driving part to squeeze and crush the solid waste and then fall into the screening bin;

[0029] While the sampling opening is closed by the sealing plate, the sieve plate is driven by the driving part 2 to vibrate and screen, so that each layer of the sieve plate finally only retains the crushed samples of similar volume;

[0030] Open the sealing plate of the sampling opening and move the crushed sample to the temporary aggregate bin;

[0031] Add the crushed samples corresponding to the top sieve plate from the temporary aggregate bin back into the crushing bin for extrusion and crushing;

[0032] Rotate the drum of the middle sieve plate to put the crushed samples of the same sieve plate into different groups of main bottles from the opening in equal amounts;

[0033] Add sufficient amount of extract into each group of main bottles, then install the filter plate and the one-way air outlet valve into the separation funnel, and then install the separation funnel on the opening side of the main bottle;

[0034] Ventilate the main bottle from the bottom of the main bottle to make the extract in the main bottle bubble and vibrate, accelerating the contact and extraction with the crushed sample;

[0035] After the heavy metal substances in the crushed sample are dissolved into the extract, the main bottle body is rotated so that the opening and the separation funnel face downwards for filtration and separation;

[0036] Keep ventilating the main bottle from the same position mentioned above to accelerate the extraction liquid to pass through the filter plate, and retain the remaining crushed sample residue on one side of the filter plate. The gas introduced into the main bottle is discharged through the one-way outlet valve.

[0037] After separation is completed, open the one-way air outlet valve 1 and remove the separated extract for testing;

[0038] Pour the digestion solution into the main bottle so that all samples are immersed in the digestion solution. Use the digestion solution to clean the separation funnel and filter plate, and merge all the cleaning solution into the digestion solution.

[0039] The digestion solution containing the broken sample residue is dried and digested, and after digestion, it is transferred to a volumetric flask and fixed to the scale line with deionized water for testing;

[0040] The test results of the extract were combined with the test results after digestion and the sum was taken. The test results of different groups of crushed samples from the same intermediate sieve plate were comprehensively analyzed and the average value was taken. The average values ​​of the test results of different intermediate sieve plates were compared and analyzed to obtain the test results.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the method for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste of the present invention are the same as the beneficial effects of the device for analyzing the forms of heavy metals in solid waste, which will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from the first viewing angle.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second viewing angle of the present invention as a whole.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from above.

[0046] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure is shown.

[0047] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C is shown.

[0048] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point B shown.

[0049] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at D is shown.

[0050] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at E is shown.

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a front cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the quantitative material discharge part of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of the trigger driving member of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of the sampling bottle of the present invention when it is matched with the connecting part.

[0054] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of a partial top view of the cross-sectional structure of the sampling bottle of the present invention when it is matched with the connecting part.

[0055] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the sieve plate and the adaptive connecting section of the present invention when they cooperate.

[0056] Fig.14 For the present invention Fig.13 An enlarged schematic diagram of the structure showing the local explosion at location F is shown.

[0057] In the figure: 100, crushing assembly; 101, frame; 102, crushing chamber; 103, crushing roller; 104, driving part 1; 104a, driving motor; 104b, gear 1; 200, screening assembly; 201, screening chamber; 202, sieve plate; 202a, screening section; 202b, mounting section; 202c, mounting slot 1; 202d, locking piece; 202e, adaptive connecting section; 202e-1, connecting sleeve; 202e-2, mounting slot 2; 202e-3, connecting plate; 202e-4, limit slide; 202e-5, limit column; 202f, vibration spring; 202g, slide rail; 202h, avoidance groove; 203, driving part 2; 203a, extrusion cam; 203b, transmission wheel 2; 203c, transmission belt 2; 203d, gear 2; 300, sampling assembly; 301, sampling opening; 301a, temporary collection bin; 301b, sealing plate; 302, extraction part; 302a, quantitative feeding part; 302a-1, cylindrical groove; 302a -2, rotating drum; 302a-3, storage bin; 302a-4, connecting port; 302b, sampling bottle; 302b-1, main bottle body; 302b-1a, gas storage tank; 302b-2, separation funnel; 302b-3, filter plate; 302b-4, one-way air outlet valve 1; 302c, accelerating separation element; 302c-1, fan; 302c-2, exhaust pipe; 302c-3, air outlet pipe; 302c-4, one-way air outlet valve 2; 302c-5, dust collector; 303, connecting part ; 303a, support rod; 303a-1, fixed section; 303a-2, telescopic section; 303a-3, connecting tube; 303a-4, support spring 1; 303b, adjusting member; 303b-1, limiting clip; 303b-2, support spring 2; 303b-3, limiting groove; 303c, trigger drive member; 303c-1, connecting column; 303c-2, transmission wheel 1; 303c-3, transmission belt 1; 303c-4, guide rod; 303c-5, arc-shaped rotating groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0059] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0060] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0061] Furthermore, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Reference Figure 1-Figure 12 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, which can crush solid waste with a larger volume and screen out samples of similar volume for detection, so that in the same comparative detection group, the effective contact area between the extract and each sample is similar, and includes: a crushing component 100, a screening component 200 and a sampling component 300. The crushing component 100 is used to crush the solid waste with a larger volume into small samples, and the screening component 200 can be used to screen the crushed samples into multiple groups of similar volume. The sampling component 300 is used to add each group of crushed samples into the extract, and the extract can be used to dissolve the heavy metals in the solid waste to complete the extraction of heavy metal samples.

[0064] Specifically, the crushing assembly 100 includes a frame 101, a crushing bin 102 installed on one side of the frame 101 and provided with a feeding opening, at least two groups of crushing rollers 103 rotatably connected to the crushing bin 102, and a driving part 104 provided on one side of the frame 101 and used to drive the crushing rollers 103. The solid waste is squeezed and crushed after the at least two groups of crushing rollers 103 rotate in cooperation with each other. The crushing rollers 103 are prior art, and are provided with crushing blades on the surface. Generally, at least two groups are provided and the crushing blades are meshed with each other. When the two groups of crushing rollers 103 are driven to rotate relative to each other, the objects to be tested are squeezed and crushed.

[0065] Furthermore, the screening assembly 200 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin 102, including a screening bin 201 arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin 102, a screen plate 202 arranged in the screening bin 201, and a driving part 203 arranged at one side of the crushing bin 102 and used to drive the screen plate 202 to vibrate. The screen plates 202 are arranged in at least three groups at intervals from top to bottom, and the screen hole sizes of the at least three groups of screen plates 202 decrease successively from top to bottom.

[0066] The sieve holes of the top sieve plate 202 are the largest, and their main function is to limit the minimum volume of the crushed samples to be taken, that is, the crushed samples above the top sieve plate 202 are not selected as the test objects, and the crushed samples on the sieve plates 202 can be added back into the crushing chamber 102 for extrusion and crushing until the test samples on the sieve plates 202 below the top sieve plate 202 are sufficient; the sieve holes of the bottom sieve plate 202 are the smallest, but the sieve hole area is generally not less than 0.1mm 2 , so that the dust or other small impurity particles adhering to the surface of the solid waste are removed. The proportion of effective samples in this part is relatively low, and it is greatly affected by the small impurities and particles. The error in detecting the form analysis of heavy metals will be relatively large. Therefore, this embodiment chooses to discard the broken samples under the lowest sieve plate 202; the sieve hole size of the middle sieve plate 202 also decreases from top to bottom, and the smaller the difference in the sieve hole size of the adjacent sieve plates 202, the smaller the volume difference in the broken samples intercepted by the sieve plate 202, and the more accurate the detection result.

[0067] Among them, the sampling component 300 is arranged on one side of the screening bin 201, including a sampling opening 301 opened on one side of the screening bin 201 and adapted to each group of sieve plates 202, and an extraction part 302 arranged on one side of the sampling opening 301. The crushed samples screened by each group of sieve plates 202 are sampled from the sampling opening 301, and the extraction part 302 is used to separate the extract containing heavy metals from the crushed samples. There are many kinds of extracts for extracting heavy metal substances from solid waste. According to different research and application scenarios, common extracts are generally chemical reagents such as acid, alkali or salt solutions to leach heavy metals. For example, sulfuric acid-nitric acid mixture, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), acetic acid buffer solution (TCLP), calcium chloride solution, etc. can be used. Other extractants: including dilute nitric acid method, acetic acid method, dissolution amount and content method, ammonium nitrate method, etc. For different detection objects, appropriate extracts are adaptively selected.

[0068] A temporary collection bin 301a for storing crushed samples is provided on one side of the outer wall of the screening bin 201 near the sampling opening 301, and a sealing plate 301b for controlling the sampling opening 301 is provided on one side of the temporary collection bin 301a near the sampling opening 301. The opening and closing control of the sealing plate 301b is a prior art. In this embodiment, the sealing plate 301b can slide relative to the sampling opening 301, and a clamping piece is provided on one side of the screening bin 201 when the sealing plate 301b slides to the lowest or highest position, so as to achieve temporary fixation of the sealing plate 301b at the lowest or highest position, and after the sealing plate 301b slides down to the lowest position, it can cover and block the sampling opening 301 to prevent the internal crushed samples from overflowing without being completely screened, and after the sealing plate 301b slides up to the highest position, it can fully open the sampling opening 301, so that the crushed samples that have been screened internally can be quickly released into the temporary collection bin 301a.

[0069] Preferably, the extraction part 302 includes a quantitative discharge member 302a disposed at the lowest point of the temporary material collection bin 301a, a sampling bottle 302b adapted to the quantitative discharge member 302a is connected to the outside of the screening bin 201, and an accelerating separation member 302c for promoting the separation of heavy metals in the crushed sample is disposed on one side of the screening bin 201. The quantitative discharge member 302a includes a cylindrical groove 302a-1 disposed at the bottom of the temporary material collection bin 301a, a rotating drum 302a-2 rotatably connected to the cylindrical groove 302a-1, and a storage bin 302a-3 is disposed on one side of the rotating drum 302a-2 and is recessed inwardly, and a connecting port 302a-4 adapted to the storage bin 302a-3 is disposed on the top and bottom of the cylindrical groove 302a-1. The same temporary material collection bin 301a can be provided with multiple groups of rotating drums 302a-2 of the same specification. By uniformly discharging and testing the material through the quantitative discharging piece 302a, the detection amounts of each group in the same layer can be close, which is convenient for comparison.

[0070] The sampling bottle 302b includes a main bottle body 302b-1 with an opening, a separation funnel 302b-2 threadedly connected to the main bottle body 302b-1 near the opening, and a filter plate 302b-3 detachably installed in the separation funnel 302b-2, the filter plate 302b-3 separates the two openings of the separation funnel 302b-2, and the opening size of the main bottle body 302b-1 is adapted to the opening size of the connecting port 302a-4; wherein the larger opening end of the separation funnel 302b-2 is threadedly connected to the opening end of the main bottle body 302b-1, and the smaller opening end of the separation funnel 302b-2 is detachably connected with a one-way air outlet valve 302b-4, and the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 only allows the gas in the separation funnel 302b-2 to flow outward. The filter plate 302b-3 and the separation funnel 302b-2 can be connected and installed by a simple snap-fit ​​structure of the prior art. The one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 is also a prior art, and is a commonly used device for waterproofing, breathability, and balancing pressure differences. It allows gas to pass through in one direction while preventing the extraction liquid containing heavy metals from flowing out.

[0071] When the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 is installed at the smaller opening end of the separation funnel 302b-2, after the main bottle body 302b-1 is inverted, the extraction liquid passes through the filter plate 302b-3 and submerges the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4. Therefore, when air is ventilated into the main bottle body 302b-1, the pressure in the main bottle body 302b-1 will increase until the pressure value is higher than the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column of the extraction liquid, and then the excess gas will be discharged from the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4. Therefore, this embodiment needs to ensure that the material strength of the main bottle body 302b-1 is sufficient to withstand the corresponding pressure, and the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 can still ensure that the liquid cannot pass through under this pressure.

[0072] Screening method: First, add the target solid waste into the crushing bin 102 from the feeding opening, and drive the crushing roller 103 through the driving part 104 to squeeze and crush the solid waste and drop it into the screening bin 201. Then, while closing the sampling opening 301 through the sealing plate 301b, the driving part 203 drives the sieve plate 202 to vibrate and screen, so that each layer of the sieve plate 202 finally only stores the crushed samples of similar volume. Then, open the sealing plate 301b of the sampling opening 301 to move the crushed samples to the temporary collection bin 301a, and the crushed samples corresponding to the uppermost sieve plate 202 are placed in the temporary collection bin 301a. The samples are re-added from the temporary collecting bin 301a into the crushing bin 102 for extrusion and crushing, and the rotating drum 302a-2 of the middle sieve plate 202 is rotated so that the storage bin 302a-3 is filled with the crushed samples when it is aligned with the connecting port 302a-4 at the top of the cylindrical groove 302a-1. Then, when the storage bin 302a-3 is aligned with the connecting port 302a-4 at the bottom of the cylindrical groove 302a-1, the filled crushed samples are put into the main bottle body 302b-1 from the opening of the sampling bottle 302b, so that the crushed samples taken out from the same layer of sieve plate 202 can be equally divided into multiple groups for comparison.

[0073] Separation and extraction method: add sufficient amount of extracting solution into each group of sampling bottles 302b, then install the filter plate 302b-3 and the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 into the separation funnel 302b-2, install the separation funnel 302b-2 on the opening side of the main bottle body 302b-1, and then ventilate the main bottle body 302b-1 from the bottom of the main bottle body 302b-1, so that the extracting solution in the main bottle body 302b-1 is bubbled and vibrated, and the contact extraction with the crushed sample is accelerated. After the heavy metal substances in the crushed sample are dissolved into the extracting solution, the main bottle body 302b-1 is rotated so that the opening and the separation funnel 302b-2 are downward, and then the main bottle body 302b-1 is ventilated from the same part of the main bottle body 302b-1 to accelerate the extracting solution to pass through the filter plate 302b-3, and the remaining The crushed sample residue is retained on one side of the filter plate 302b-3, and the gas introduced into the main bottle body 302b-1 is discharged through a one-way air outlet valve 302b-4. After the separation is completed, the one-way air outlet valve 302b-4 is opened, and the separated extract is removed for detection and analysis. Then, the digestion solution is poured into the main bottle body 302b-1 so that the sample is completely immersed in the digestion solution. This embodiment adopts a high-temperature full digestion method using nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide-hydrofluoric acid as the digestion solution, which is a prior art. Then, the separation funnel 302b-2 is removed, and the separation funnel 302b-2 and the filter plate 302b-3 are cleaned with the digestion solution. The cleaning solution is completely incorporated into the digestion solution, and then the digestion solution containing the crushed sample is dried and digested. After the digestion is completed, it is transferred to a volumetric flask and fixed to the scale line with deionized water for testing.

[0074] Then, the test results of the extract are combined with the test results after digestion for analysis, and the sum is taken to reduce errors and reduce the huge impact of insufficient heavy metal extraction on the test results; the test results of different groups of crushed samples from the same intermediate layer sieve plate 202 are comprehensively analyzed and the average value is taken to reduce accidental errors; the average values ​​of the test results of different intermediate layer sieve plates 202 are compared and analyzed to obtain the experimental results of the morphological distribution of heavy metals in solid waste.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] Reference Figure 1-Figure 12 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a preferred implementation of the connecting portion 303 and the accelerating separation member 302c, which can simplify the operation steps of the sampling bottle 302b during detection, improve the detection efficiency, and speed up the extraction and separation of the sample.

[0077] Specifically, a connecting portion 303 is provided between the screening bin 201 and the sampling bottle 302b, and the connecting portion 303 includes a support rod 303a connecting the sampling bottle 302b to the outer wall of the screening bin 201, an adjusting member 303b provided on one side of the support rod and used to adjust the opening direction of the main bottle body 302b-1, and a trigger driving member 303c connected between the support rod 303a and the rotating drum 302a-2, and the trigger driving member 303c is used to drive the storage bin 302a-3 to rotate to cooperate with the top or bottom connecting port 302a-4; wherein, the storage bin 302a-3 obtains the crushed sample in the temporary collection bin 301a when it is rotated to align with the top connecting port 302a-4, and releases the crushed sample into the main bottle body 302b-1 when the storage bin 302a-3 is rotated to align with the bottom connecting port 302a-4.

[0078] Furthermore, when the main bottle body 302b-1 opens upward, the crushed sample is immersed in the extract at the bottom of the main bottle body 302b-1, and when the main bottle body 302b-1 opens downward, the filter plate 302b-3 separates the crushed sample from the extract. In this embodiment, the one-way air outlet valve 1 302b-4 can also be installed on the side wall of the separation funnel 302b-2, and the position of the side wall satisfies that the main bottle body 302b-1 is not submerged by the extraction liquid before and after the rotation of 180°, so that the air pressure value in the main bottle body 302b-1 can be directly adjusted, and the corresponding effect can still be achieved before and after the rotation. At the same time, the smaller opening end of the separation funnel 302b-2 can be blocked with a detachable structure such as a rubber stopper, so that the opening can be opened to take out the separation liquid after the separation is completed; or a pressure sensor is set in the gas storage tank 302b-1a, and when a high air pressure value is detected, the pressurized gas into the main bottle body 302b-1 through the one-way air outlet valve 2 302c-4 is automatically disconnected. At this time, there is still a large pressure value in the main bottle body 302b-1 to promote the separation of the extraction liquid. This embodiment has slightly lower requirements on the material strength of the main bottle body 302b-1, but increases the strength requirements on the gas storage tank 302b-1a.

[0079] Among them, the support rod 303a is a retractable structure, including a fixed section 303a-1 fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening bin 201, a retractable section 303a-2 slidably connected to one side of the fixed section 303a-1 in a straight line direction, and a connecting pipe 303a-3 connected between the retractable section 303a-2 and the main bottle body 302b-1. The connecting pipe 303a-3 is fixedly connected to the retractable section 303a-2. A supporting spring 303a-4 is provided in the fixed section 303a-1 to squeeze the retractable section 303a-2 toward the connecting pipe 303a-3. When the retractable section 303a-2 slides toward the fixed section 303a-1, the opening of the main bottle body 302b-1 moves toward the connecting port 302a-4 at the bottom of the temporary material collecting bin 301a. The telescopic section 303a-2 moves in the opposite direction under the action of the supporting spring 1 303a-4, thereby moving the opening of the main bottle body 302b-1 out of the range of the temporary material collecting bin 301a, so as to facilitate interference and blocking when the main bottle body 302b-1 rotates 180°.

[0080] Furthermore, the trigger drive member 303c includes a connecting column 303c-1 rotatably connected to the surface of the fixed section 303a-1, two sets of transmission wheels 303c-2 coaxially connected to the rotating cylinder 302a-2 and the connecting column 303c-1 respectively, a transmission belt 303c-3 is connected between the two sets of transmission wheels 303c-2, a guide rod 303c-4 is provided on the side of the telescopic section 303a-2 close to the connecting column 303c-1, and an arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5 adapted to the guide rod 303c-4 is provided on the surface of the connecting column 303c-1, and the rotation angle of the arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5 is 180°. When the guide rod 303c-4 slides relative to the arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5, the connecting column 303c-1 is pushed to rotate relative to the fixed section 303a-1. The rotation angle of the arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5 is 180°, that is, the maximum rotation angle of the connecting column 303c-1 driven by the guide rod 303c-4 through pushing the arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5 is 180°, which can just meet the requirements of loading, rotating and discharging of the storage bin 302a-3.

[0081] Preferably, the telescopic section 303a-2 is a telescopic structure, and the telescopic section 303a-2 is stored in the connecting column 303c-1 after contraction. The adjusting member 303b includes a limiting clip 303b-1 slidably connected to one end of the telescopic section 303a-2, a supporting spring 303b-2 connected between the other end of the telescopic section 303a-2 and the limiting clip 303b-1, and a limiting groove 303b-1 opened on the outside of the main bottle body 302b-1 and adapted to the limiting clip 303b-1. -3, the main bottle body 302b-1 and the connecting tube 303a-3 are rotatably connected, the limiting groove 303b-3 and the limiting clip 303b-1 are symmetrically arranged relative to the horizontal plane where the rotation axis of the main bottle body 302b-1 is located, so that the limiting groove 303b-3 can still be limited by the limiting clip 303b-1 after flipping, thereby fixing the opening direction of the main bottle body 302b-1, and the supporting spring 2 303b-2 is used to push the limiting clip 303b-1 into the limiting groove 303b-3.

[0082] The main bottle body 302b-1 includes a gas storage tank 302b-1a fixedly connected to the bottom, and a limit groove 303b-3 is arranged on the outer wall of the gas storage tank 302b-1a. The main bottle body 302b-1 is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe 303a-3 through the gas storage tank 302b-1a. The gas storage tank 302b-1a is used to temporarily store and compress the gas from the connecting pipe 303a-3. The material strength of the gas storage tank 302b-1a must be able to withstand a certain intensity of gas pressure, and a gas pressure regulating valve of the prior art is generally connected and installed on one side. The connecting pipe 303a-3 is hollow, and the only opening is connected to the gas storage tank 302b-1a, and the gas storage tank 302b-1a must always keep the connection sealed during the rotation process relative to the connecting pipe 303a-3.

[0083] The accelerating separation member 302c includes a fan 302c-1 arranged on one side of the frame 101, an exhaust pipe 302c-2 arranged on one side of the fan 302c-1, and an exhaust pipe 302c-3 arranged on the other side of the fan 302c-1. The connecting pipe 303a-3 is a tubular structure and is connected to the gas storage tank 302b-1a. The exhaust pipe 302c-3 is connected to the connecting pipe 303a-3. A one-way exhaust valve 302c-4 connected to the main bottle body 302b-1 is provided in the gas storage tank 302b-1a. The one-way exhaust valve 302c-4 only allows the gas in the gas storage tank 302b-1a to flow into the main bottle body 302b-1. In this embodiment, the connecting pipe 303a-3 is a hard pipe, and the air outlet pipe 302c-3 is a soft pipe, so as to adapt to the adaptive deformation of the air outlet pipe 302c-3 when the connecting pipe 303a-3 moves with the telescopic section 303a-2.

[0084] Preferably, the air extraction pipe 302c-2 is connected to the bottom of the screening bin 201, and a dust collector 302c-5 is provided between the air outlet pipe 302c-3 and the connecting pipe 303a-3. After the fan 302c-1 is started, the air extraction pipe 302c-2 generates suction force to the screening bin 201, so that dust and the like in the screening bin 201 are sucked in, and dust at the bottom of the screening bin 201 is prevented from continuously accumulating. The suction force also generates a pressure difference downward from the opening of the crushing bin 102 to form a thrust, and can also remove a part of the impurity particles that block the sieve holes of some sieve plates 202 at the same time. The fine impurity particles such as dust are transported to the dust collector 302c-5 connected to the air outlet pipe 302c-3 and removed. The dust collector 302c-5 is a prior art, and common ones include an electrostatic dust collector, a bag dust collector, a cyclone dust collector, and the like. The clean gas without impurities can be diverted to the gas storage tanks 302b-1a through the gas outlet pipe 302c-3, so that the treated gas can be reused, which can promote the dissolution of heavy metals in the extract and the separation of the extract.

[0085] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0086] Screening and extraction of crushed samples: After the solid waste is squeezed and crushed and falls into the screening bin 201, the sealing plate 301b is opened from the sampling opening 301 of the middle layer screen plate 202, so that the screened crushed samples are moved to the temporary collecting bin 301a through the sampling opening 301, and then, while keeping the separation funnel 302b-2 uninstalled and the main bottle body 302b-1 opening upward, the main bottle body 302b-1 is pressed toward one side of the screening bin 201 along the support rod 303a. After being pressed, the telescopic section 303a-2 of the support rod 303a slides and contracts into the fixed section 303a-1, and the sliding of the telescopic section 303a-2 will compress the support spring 303a-4 to gather elastic force. At the same time, the sliding of the telescopic section 303a-2 will drive the guide rod 303c-4 to squeeze the arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5. The arc-shaped rotating groove 303c-5 is subjected to force to cause the connecting column 303c-1 to rotate relative to the fixed section 303a-1. The rotation of the connecting column 303c-1 will drive the rotating drum 302a-2 to rotate through the transmission belt 303c-3 and the transmission wheel 303c-2. The rotation of the rotating drum 302a-2 will rotate the storage bin 302a-3 that was originally aligned with the top connecting port 302a-4 and filled with crushed samples. When the storage bin 302a-3 drives the crushed samples to rotate until it intersects with the connecting port 302a-4 at the bottom of the cylindrical groove 302a-1, the main bottle body 302b-1 has already slid to the bottom of the bottom connecting port 302a-4. Therefore, the crushed samples falling from the bottom connecting port 302a-4 will be intercepted in the main bottle body 302b-1 with the opening facing upward.

[0087] Bubbling accelerates the dissolution and extraction process of heavy metals: after obtaining the sample in the main bottle body 302b-1, release the pressure on the main bottle body 302b-1, the main bottle body 302b-1 and the connecting tube 303a-3 will return to their original positions under the action of the supporting spring 303a-4, the telescopic section 303a-2 slides out of the fixed section 303a-1, the connecting column 303c-1 is also reset and drives the rotating drum 302a-2 to rotate in the opposite direction through the transmission belt 303c-3 and the transmission wheel 303c-2, so that the storage bin 302a-3 enters the temporary collection bin 301a to be filled with the crushed sample again for next use, and then add the extracting liquid from the opening into the main bottle body 302b-1 where the crushed sample is placed until all the crushed samples are completely immersed, and then put the separation funnel 302b-2 in the separation funnel 302b-2. After installing the filter plate 302b-3, the end with the larger opening of the separation funnel 302b-2 is threadedly connected to the end of the opening of the main bottle body 302b-1, and then the fan 302c-1 is started to transport clean gas to the connecting pipe 303a-3, i.e., the gas storage tank 302b-1a, through the outlet pipe 302c-3 of the fan 302c-1. The gas entering the gas storage tank 302b-1a passes through the one-way outlet valve 302c-4 and enters the main bottle body 302b-1 containing the crushed sample and the extract from the bottom, which will cause the extract to bubble, and the liquid will roll and vibrate, thereby accelerating the dissolution of heavy metals contained in the crushed sample, while the excess gas is discharged through the one-way outlet valve 302b-4 to keep the pressure in the main bottle body 302b-1 within a limited range.

[0088] The pressurization accelerates the separation process of the extract and the crushed sample: after the extract in the main bottle body 302b-1 completes the dissolution of heavy metals in the crushed sample, the limit clip 303b-1 is slid along the telescopic section 303a-2 to remove the positioning limit of the limit groove 303b-3, and the support spring 2 303b-2 is pushed to compress and gather the elastic force, and then the gas storage tank 302b-1a, the main bottle body 302b-1 and the separation funnel 302b-2 installed as one are driven to rotate 180° through the connecting pipe 303a-3, and then the limit clip 303b-1 is released. Under the action of the reset elastic force of the support spring 2 303b-2, the limit clip 303b-1 again fixes the limit groove 303b-3 rotated 180°, so that the opening side of the main bottle body 302b-1 faces downward, switching to the separation state for the extract. At this time, the extract with dissolved heavy metals passes through the filter plate 302b-3 and is temporarily stored at the smaller opening end of the separation funnel 302b-2, while the crushed sample residues after being soaked in the extract are retained by the filter plate 302b-3 and are located on the other side of the filter plate 302b-3. During this process, the gas is continuously transported to the main bottle body 302b-1 through the connecting pipe 303a-3 and the gas storage tank 302b-1a, thereby increasing the pressure inside the main bottle body 302b-1, thereby accelerating the extract to pass through the filter plate 302b-3.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] Reference Figure 1-Figure 14 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. Different from the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a detachable sieve plate 202 and a mounting structure of the sieve plate 202, which facilitates the replacement of the sieve plate 202 with sieve holes of different sizes, making the detection range more flexible.

[0091] Specifically, the sieve plate 202 is detachably connected to the screening chamber 201. The sieve plate 202 includes a screening section 202a provided in the screening chamber 201 and having a sieve hole, and a mounting section 202b provided outside the screening chamber 201. A mounting slot 202c adapted to the screening section 202a and a locking member 202d adapted to the mounting section 202b are provided on one side of the screening chamber 201. When the screening section 202a is inserted into the screening chamber 201 from the mounting slot 202c, the locking member 202d fixes the mounting section 202b to the outer wall of the screening chamber 201. The locking member 202d can adopt a conventional locking structure. In this embodiment, a latch that is connected to a spring and can slide relative to the outer wall of the screening chamber 201 is provided on the outer wall of the screening chamber 201. After the sieve plate 202 is installed, a slot provided at the position of the mounting section 202b corresponding to the latch is just adapted to it, and the latch and the slot cooperate to facilitate installation and disassembly.

[0092] Furthermore, the screening segment 202a is rotationally connected to the mounting segment 202b, and the rotation amplitude of the screening segment 202a is adapted to the size of the sampling opening 301. An adaptive connecting segment 202e connecting the screening segment 202a and the sampling opening 301 is provided in the screening chamber 201. A vibration spring 202f is connected between the bottom of the adaptive connecting segment 202e and the inner wall of the screening chamber 201. The telescopic length of the vibration spring 202f is greater than the rotation arc length of the screening segment 202a, that is, when the screening segment 202a is within the set swinging range, the vibration spring 202f always applies an upward thrust to the screening segment 202a, and the screened crushed sample is moved out of the sampling opening 301 from the screening segment 202a through the adaptive connecting segment 202e.

[0093] Among them, the adaptive connecting section 202e includes a connecting sleeve 202e-1 slidably connected to the screening section 202a, and a second installation slot 202e-2 adapted to the screening section 202a is provided in the connecting sleeve 202e-1. A connecting plate 202e-3 protruding into the sampling opening 301 is provided at the bottom of the connecting sleeve 202e-1.

[0094] Furthermore, a limiting slide groove 202e-4 is provided on one side of the inner wall of the screening bin 201 near the sampling opening 301, a limiting column 202e-5 adapted to the limiting slide groove 202e-1 is provided on one side of the connecting sleeve 202e-1, the connecting sleeve 202e-1 is rotatably connected to the limiting column 202e-5, the vibration spring 202f is connected to the bottom of the connecting sleeve 202e-1, and the connecting sleeve 202e-1 is moved to the highest position under the elastic force of the vibration spring 202f without other external forces. , and is in a horizontal state; a horizontal slide rail 202g is provided on the side of the inner wall of the screening bin 201 close to the installation slot 1 202c, and an avoidance groove 202h is provided on the side of the screening section 202a close to the slide rail 202g. The connecting sleeve 202e-1 is in a horizontal state when it moves to the highest position relative to the limiting slide groove 202e-4 through the limiting column 202e-5. After the screening section 202a is inserted into the installation slot 2 202e-2 along the direction of the slide rail 202g, the avoidance groove 202h is separated from the slide rail 202g.

[0095] Preferably, two groups of crushing rollers 103 are provided, and the driving unit 104 includes a driving motor 104a provided on one side of the frame 101, the output shaft of the driving motor 104a is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft of one group of crushing rollers 103, and one end of the two groups of crushing rollers 103 are respectively coaxially connected to mutually meshing gears 104b; the driving unit 203 includes an extrusion cam 203a rotatably connected to the inner wall of the screening bin 201 and abutting against the screening section 202a, one end of the rotating shaft of the extrusion cam 203a is connected to a transmission wheel 203b, and the transmission wheels 203b on one side of different groups of screening sections 202a are connected by a transmission belt 203c, and one side of one group of transmission wheels 203b is coaxially connected to a gear 203d adapted to the gear 104b.

[0096] The distance from the edge of the extrusion cam 203a to the new rotation axis gradually changes, and as the extrusion cam 203a rotates, it always maintains contact with the screening segment 202a. When the distance between the contact position of the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the screening segment 202a and the rotation axis reaches the minimum, the screening segment 202a is in a horizontal state, and the connecting sleeve 202e-1 moves to the highest position; when the distance between the contact position of the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the screening segment 202a and the rotation axis reaches the maximum, the screening segment 202a is in an inclined state, and the connecting plate 202e-3 inside the connecting sleeve 202e-1 moves to contact the bottom of the sampling opening 301, reaching the maximum discharge opening. By controlling the rotation of the driving motor 104a, the distance from the abutment position of the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the screening section 202a to the rotation center can be conveniently adjusted. The screen plate 202 can be installed when the distance between the abutment position of the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the screening section 202a and the rotation axis reaches the minimum, which is convenient for docking with the connecting sleeve 202e-1.

[0097] The remaining structures are the same as those in Example 2.

[0098] The removal process of the old screen plate 202: When the distance between the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the abutment position of the screening segment 202a and the rotating axis reaches the minimum driven by the driving motor 104a, the driving motor 104a is stopped, and then the locking piece 202d between the mounting segment 202b of the old screen plate 202 and the outer wall of the screening bin 201 is unlocked, and then the mounting segment 202b is pulled outward. At this time, the screening segment 202a connected to the mounting segment 202b is horizontal and aligned with the mounting slot 1 202c and slides, and then the screening segment 202a is pulled out of the mounting slot 2 202e-2 of the connecting sleeve 202e-1 until the screening segment 202a is completely pulled out of the mounting slot 1 202c.

[0099] The installation process of the new screen plate 202 is as follows: keep the position of the extrusion cam 203a so that it does not block the installation track of the screening section 202a. At this time, the connecting sleeve 202e-1 moves to the highest point and is in a horizontal state under the elastic force of the vibration spring 202f. Align the screening section 202a of the new screen plate 202 with the installation slot 1 202c and insert it. Then, push the installation section 202b to make the screening section 202a keep sliding horizontally along the slide rail 202g until one end of the screening section 202a begins to be inserted into the installation slot 2 202e-2 of the connecting sleeve 202e-1 in a horizontal state. The screening section 202a then slides forward until the avoidance groove 202h passes through the slide rail 202g, so that the screening section 202a is no longer limited by the slide rail 202g, until the screening section 202a slides to the deepest position and stops. The installation section 202b located on the outside is fixed to the outer wall of the screening bin 201 through the locking piece 202d, and the installation of the new screen plate 202 is completed.

[0100] The vibration screening process of the screen plate 202: after adding solid waste into the crushing bin 102, the driving motor 104a is started to drive the mutually meshing gears 104b to rotate, thereby causing the two sets of crushing rollers 103 to rotate and squeeze and crush the solid waste. While the gear 104b rotates, it is transmitted through the gear 203d and the transmission belt 203c, thereby causing each transmission wheel 203b to rotate synchronously. The rotation of the transmission wheel 203b will drive the squeezing cam 203a to rotate. When the edge of the squeezing cam 203a transitions from the short side to the long side and squeezes the screening section 202a, the screening section 202a will be pressed downward, and the height of the end of the screening section 202a connected to the mounting section 202b is fixed, and the screening section 202a is pressed downward. The screening segment 202a and the mounting segment 202b rotate relative to each other, and the end of the connecting sleeve 202e-1 is pressed down. The connecting sleeve 202e-1 slides down relative to the limiting slide groove 202e-1 while maintaining a parallel state with the screening segment 202a. The vibration spring 202f shrinks and deforms under the pressure, and adaptively slides relative to the screening segment 202a through the mounting slot 202e-2. After the extrusion cam 203a rotates 180°, the screening segment 202a resets and swings upward under the elastic force of the vibration spring 202f, and the screening segment 202a can swing back and forth relative to the mounting segment 202b, thereby realizing the screening of the crushed samples on the screen plate 202.

[0101] After the screening is completed, the driving motor 104a is controlled to drive the edge of the extrusion cam 203a and the abutment position of the screening section 202a. When the distance from the rotating axis reaches the maximum, the driving motor 104a is stopped, so that the screening section 202a maintains the maximum tilt state and adapts to the sampling opening 301, so that after the sealing plate 301b is opened, the crushed samples that have been screened are automatically moved to the temporary collection bin 301a through the sampling opening 301 under the action of gravity for use.

[0102] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, characterized in that: include, The crushing assembly (100) comprises a frame (101), a crushing chamber (102) installed on one side of the frame (101) and provided with a feeding opening, at least two groups of crushing rollers (103) rotatably connected to the crushing chamber (102), and a driving part (104) installed on one side of the frame (101) and used for driving the crushing rollers (103), wherein the solid waste is squeezed and crushed after the at least two groups of crushing rollers (103) rotate in cooperation with each other; A screening component (200), the screening component (200) being arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin (102), comprising a screening bin (201) arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin (102), a screen plate (202) arranged in the screening bin (201), and a second driving unit (203) arranged at one side of the crushing bin (102) and used for driving the screen plate (202) to vibrate, wherein the screen plates (202) are arranged in at least three groups spaced from top to bottom, and the screen holes of the at least three groups of the screen plates (202) decrease in size from top to bottom; and, A sampling component (300) is arranged on one side of the screening chamber (201), comprising a sampling opening (301) opened on one side of the screening chamber (201) and respectively adapted to each group of sieve plates (202), and an extraction portion (302) arranged on one side of the sampling opening (301), wherein the crushed sample screened by each group of sieve plates (202) is sampled from the sampling opening (301), and the extraction portion (302) is used to separate an extract containing heavy metals from the crushed sample.

2. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temporary material collection bin (301a) for storing crushed samples is provided on one side of the outer wall of the screening bin (201) close to the sampling opening (301), and a sealing plate (301b) for controlling the sampling opening (301) is provided on one side of the temporary material collection bin (301a) close to the sampling opening (301); The extraction section (302) comprises a quantitative discharge piece (302a) arranged at the lowest point of the temporary collection bin (301a), a sampling bottle (302b) adapted to the quantitative discharge piece (302a) is connected to the outside of the screening bin (201), and an accelerating separation piece (302c) for promoting the separation of heavy metals in the crushed sample is provided on one side of the screening bin (201).

3. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quantitative material discharge member (302a) comprises a cylindrical groove (302a-1) arranged at the bottom of the temporary material collection bin (301a), a rotating drum (302a-2) rotatably connected in the cylindrical groove (302a-1), and a material storage bin (302a-3) which is recessed inwardly and arranged on one side of the rotating drum (302a-2), and a communication port (302a-4) adapted to the material storage bin (302a-3) is provided at the top and bottom of the cylindrical groove (302a-1); The sampling bottle (302b) comprises a main bottle body (302b-1) provided with an opening, a separation funnel (302b-2) threadedly connected to a side of the main bottle body (302b-1) close to the opening, and a filter plate (302b-3) detachably mounted in the separation funnel (302b-2), wherein the filter plate (302b-3) separates the openings at both ends of the separation funnel (302b-2), and the opening size of the main bottle body (302b-1) is adapted to the opening size of the communication port (302a-4); The larger opening end of the separation funnel (302b-2) is threadedly connected to the opening end of the main bottle body (302b-1), and the smaller opening end of the separation funnel (302b-2) is detachably connected to a one-way air outlet valve (302b-4), and the one-way air outlet valve (302b-4) only allows the gas in the separation funnel (302b-2) to flow outward.

4. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: A connecting portion (303) is provided between the screening bin (201) and the sampling bottle (302b), the connecting portion (303) comprising a support rod (303a) connecting the sampling bottle (302b) to the outer wall of the screening bin (201), an adjusting member (303b) provided on one side of the support rod and used for adjusting the opening direction of the main bottle body (302b-1), and a trigger driving member (303c) connected between the support rod (303a) and the rotating drum (302a-2), the trigger driving member (303c) being used for driving the storage bin (302a-3) to rotate to cooperate with the communication port (302a-4) at the top or bottom; The storage bin (302a-3) obtains the crushed sample in the temporary collection bin (301a) when it rotates to align with the top communication port (302a-4), and releases the crushed sample into the main bottle body (302b-1) when it rotates to align with the bottom communication port (302a-4); When the main bottle body (302b-1) opens upward, the crushed sample is immersed in the extract at the bottom of the main bottle body (302b-1); when the main bottle body (302b-1) opens downward, the filter plate (302b-3) separates the crushed sample from the extract.

5. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support rod (303a) is a telescopic structure, comprising a fixed section (303a-1) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the screening bin (201), a telescopic section (303a-2) slidably connected to one side of the fixed section (303a-1) in a straight line direction, and a connecting pipe (303a-3) connected between the telescopic section (303a-2) and the main bottle body (302b-1), wherein the connecting pipe (303a-3) is fixedly connected to the telescopic section (303a-2), and a supporting spring (303a-4) is provided in the fixed section (303a-1) for pressing the telescopic section (303a-2) toward the connecting pipe (303a-3); when the telescopic section (303a-2) slides toward the fixed section (303a-1), the opening of the main bottle body (302b-1) moves toward the connecting port (302a-4) at the bottom of the temporary material collecting bin (301a).

6. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The trigger driving member (303c) comprises a connecting post (303c-1) rotatably connected to the surface of the fixed section (303a-1), two sets of transmission wheels (303c-2) coaxially connected to the rotating drum (302a-2) and the connecting post (303c-1), a transmission belt (303c-3) being connected between the two sets of transmission wheels (303c-2), and the telescopic section (303a-2) being close to the connecting post (303c-1). ), a guide rod (303c-4) is provided on one side of the connecting column (303c-1), and an arc-shaped rotating groove (303c-5) adapted to the guide rod (303c-4) is provided on the surface of the connecting column (303c-1), and the rotating angle of the arc-shaped rotating groove (303c-5) is 180°. When the guide rod (303c-4) slides relative to the arc-shaped rotating groove (303c-5), the connecting column (303c-1) is pushed to rotate relative to the fixed section (303a-1).

7. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: The telescopic section (303a-2) is a telescopic structure. After shrinking, the telescopic section (303a-2) is stored in the connecting column (303c-1). The adjusting member (303b) comprises a limiting clip (303b-1) slidably connected to one end of the telescopic section (303a-2), a supporting spring (303b-2) connected between the other end of the telescopic section (303a-2) and the limiting clip (303b-1), and a spring (303b-2) provided on the outside of the main bottle body (302b-1). A limiting groove (303b-3) is provided on the side thereof and adapted to the limiting clip (303b-1); the main bottle body (302b-1) and the connecting pipe (303a-3) are rotatably connected; the limiting groove (303b-3) and the limiting clip (303b-1) are symmetrically arranged relative to the horizontal plane where the rotation axis of the main bottle body (302b-1) is located; and the supporting spring 2 (303b-2) is used to push the limiting clip (303b-1) to be clamped into the limiting groove (303b-3).

8. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main bottle body (302b-1) comprises a gas storage tank (302b-1a) fixedly connected to the bottom, the limiting groove (303b-3) is arranged on the outer wall of the gas storage tank (302b-1a), and the main bottle body (302b-1) is rotatably connected to the connecting pipe (303a-3) through the gas storage tank (302b-1a); The accelerating separation component (302c) comprises a fan (302c-1) arranged on one side of the frame (101), an exhaust pipe (302c-2) arranged on one side of the fan (302c-1), and an exhaust pipe (302c-3) arranged on the other side of the fan (302c-1); the connecting pipe (303a-3) is a tubular structure and is connected to the gas storage tank (302b-1a); the exhaust pipe (302c-3) is connected to the connecting pipe (303a-3); a one-way exhaust valve (302c-4) connected to the main bottle body (302b-1) is arranged in the gas storage tank (302b-1a); the one-way exhaust valve (302c-4) only allows the gas in the gas storage tank (302b-1a) to flow into the main bottle body (302b-1).

9. The device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air extraction pipe (302c-2) is connected to the bottom of the screening bin (201), and a dust collector (302c-5) is provided between the air outlet pipe (302c-3) and the connecting pipe (303a-3).

10. A method for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste, using the device for analyzing the form of heavy metals in solid waste as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that: Follow these steps: The target solid waste is added into the crushing bin (102) through the feeding opening, and the crushing roller (103) is driven by the driving unit 1 (104) to squeeze and crush the solid waste, and then the solid waste falls into the screening bin (201); While the sampling opening (301) is closed by the sealing plate (301b), the sieve plate (202) is driven by the second driving unit (203) to vibrate and screen, so that each layer of the sieve plate (202) ultimately only retains crushed samples of similar volume; Open the sealing plate (301b) of the sampling opening (301) to move the crushed sample to the temporary collection bin (301a); The crushed sample corresponding to the uppermost sieve plate (202) is re-added from the temporary material collection bin (301a) into the crushing bin (102) for extrusion and crushing; The rotating drum (302a-2) of the middle sieve plate (202) is rotated to place the crushed samples of the same sieve plate (202) in equal amounts from the opening into different groups of main bottles (302b-1); A sufficient amount of extract is added to each group of main bottles (302b-1), and then after the filter plate (302b-3) and the one-way air outlet valve (302b-4) are installed in the separation funnel (302b-2), the separation funnel (302b-2) is installed on the opening side of the main bottle (302b-1); Ventilating the main bottle body (302b-1) from the bottom of the main bottle body (302b-1) to make the extracting liquid in the main bottle body (302b-1) bubble and vibrate, thereby accelerating the contact extraction with the crushed sample; After the heavy metal substances in the crushed sample are dissolved into the extract, the main bottle body (302b-1) is rotated so that the opening and the separation funnel (302b-2) are facing downwards, and filtering and separation are performed; Keep ventilating the main bottle body (302b-1) from the same position of the main bottle body (302b-1) to accelerate the extraction liquid to pass through the filter plate (302b-3), and retain the remaining crushed sample residue on one side of the filter plate (302b-3), and the gas introduced into the main bottle body (302b-1) is discharged through the one-way outlet valve (302b-4); After separation is completed, open the one-way air outlet valve 1 (302b-4) to remove the separated extract for testing; Pour the digestion solution into the main bottle (302b-1) so that the sample is completely immersed in the digestion solution, use the digestion solution to clean the separation funnel (302b-2) and the filter plate (302b-3), and merge the cleaning solution into the digestion solution; The digestion solution containing the broken sample residue is dried and digested, and after digestion, it is transferred to a volumetric flask and fixed to the scale line with deionized water for testing; The test results of the extract are combined with the test results after digestion and analyzed to obtain the sum value. The test results of different groups of crushed samples from the same intermediate layer sieve plate (202) are comprehensively analyzed to obtain the average value. The average values ​​of the test results of different intermediate layer sieve plates (202) are compared and analyzed to obtain the test results.

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