Vegetation restoration method for earth-rock slope in high-cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation restoration method for a soil-rock slope in an alpine region. The technical problems that in the prior art, the construction process is complex, and the vegetation survival rate is low are solved. Comprising the following steps: preparing an adhesive, and uniformly spraying the adhesive on a soil-rock slope needing to be protected by using a slurry spraying machine; the side slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional net adhesive is sprayed and attached to the earth-rock side slope; laying a soil nutrient layer; seeds of elymus dahuricus, thalictrum aquilegifolium, potentilla chinensis, trigonotis peduncularis, stipa purpurea and ligularia purdomii are mixed, the treated mixed seeds, soil and water are fully stirred and mixed in proportion to form grass seed slurry, and the grass seed slurry is evenly sprayed and attached to the soil nutrient layer; and after the seeds germinate, drilling a pore channel of the expansion bolt, putting the chemical bolt into the pore channel of the expansion bolt, and drilling and fixing by using an expansion screw. The method has remarkable effects in the aspects of improving the vegetation survival rate, enhancing the slope stability, simplifying the construction process, reducing the cost, improving the biological diversity and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope restoration, and in particular to a vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas. Background Art

[0002] The extreme low temperature, drought and fragile ecological environment in high-altitude cold regions pose severe challenges to the protection and ecological restoration of soil-rock slopes. The soil-rock slopes in these areas are often prone to rockfall due to their steep slopes, posing a potential threat to the surrounding environment and the safety of people's lives and property.

[0003] In the face of these problems, existing slope protection and ecological restoration measures seem to be inadequate. Some methods focus on engineering means of slope protection, such as pulling steel wire mesh protection or pouring concrete grids for slope planting reinforcement. However, these methods often ignore the effective integration with the slope topography, not only requiring a large amount of earthwork movement, but also complex construction technology and high cost.

[0004] On the other hand, some measures attempt to achieve slope greening through simple seed sowing. They simply bury the seeds in the soil, then water and fertilize them, and wait for the green plants to grow naturally. However, this method has not been adapted to the special ecological environment in high-altitude cold areas. Under low temperature and drought conditions, the emergence rate of vegetation is extremely low and the survival rate is difficult to guarantee, so it is difficult to achieve the expected slope protection and ecological restoration effects.

[0005] In summary, existing slope protection and ecological restoration measures face many difficulties and challenges in alpine areas. It is necessary to develop a more scientific, reasonable and efficient technical solution to cope with the special ecological environment in alpine areas, improve the emergence rate and survival rate of vegetation, and thus achieve effective slope protection and ecological restoration. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas to solve the technical problems of complex construction process and low vegetation survival rate in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for vegetation restoration of soil and rock slopes in alpine areas, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Dry the soil to be used and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve for later use;

[0010] S2. preparing an adhesive: mixing sieved soil, peat soil, sawdust, asbestos, recycled pulp fiber, cow dung, highland barley bran, starch grafted acrylamide and water to prepare a slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional network adhesive;

[0011] S3, using a mud sprayer to evenly spray the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive on the soil and rock slope that needs to be protected, with a spraying thickness of 1 cm;

[0012] S4, laying two layers of polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh on the soil and rock slope sprayed with the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive;

[0013] S5. Laying a soil nutrient layer: In April-June, sieved soil, urea, cow dung, highland barley bran, Potentilla and water are uniformly mixed to form a soil nutrient slurry, and the soil nutrient slurry is sprayed on the polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh to a thickness of 3-4 cm;

[0014] S6. Mix the seeds of Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla chinensis, Herba Lysimachiae, Stipa purpurogena and Ligularia sagittatum, and soak the seeds for 24 hours in 5 L of 0.05 g / L indoleacetic acid solution per kg of the mixed seeds to improve the germination rate and rooting ability of the seeds and enhance the stress resistance of the seeds. Stir the treated mixed seeds, soil and water in proportion to form a grass seed slurry, and spray the grass seed slurry evenly on the soil nutrient layer with a thickness of 0.5 cm-1 cm.

[0015] S7. After the seeds germinate, drill expansion bolt holes with a depth of 20 cm every 30 cm, clean the lime in the holes, put the M20 chemical bolts into the holes of the expansion bolts, and use expansion screws to drill in and fix them. Leave a steel cable buckle on the top of the screw, pass the steel cable through the buckle, cross it, and form a protective network.

[0016] Furthermore, the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive formula is prepared by mixing soil: peat soil: sawdust: asbestos: recycled pulp fiber: cow dung: highland barley bran: starch grafted acrylamide: water = 900-1000: 50-100: 25-50: 20-40: 50-100: 20-40: 30-50: 10-12: 250-300 by weight.

[0017] Furthermore, the thickness of the polylactic acid three-dimensional net is 0.4 cm, and the inner hole is 0.2 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4, the preparation method of the polylactic acid three-dimensional network is: dissolving polylactic acid particles in chloroform solvent, stirring for several hours at a certain temperature to ensure uniform dissolution, adjusting the concentration of the solution to control it at about 10%-20% to obtain a suitable fiber diameter and spinning performance; pouring the solution into a mold of a specific shape, placing the mold in a well-ventilated environment, waiting for the solvent to evaporate, and the polylactic acid network structure to solidify and form.

[0019] Furthermore, the polylactic acid is prepared by extracting starch from renewable resources, fermenting and converting it into lactic acid, and then polymerizing it; the renewable resources include corn, cassava, sugar beet or sugar cane.

[0020] Furthermore, the soil nutrient slurry formula is prepared by mixing soil, urea, cow dung, highland barley bran, Potentilla and water in the ratio of 5000:50:20:20:20:1200 by weight.

[0021] Furthermore, the seeds of Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla indica, Stipa purpurogenum, Stipa purpurogenum and Ligularia sagittatum are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:2:3:1:3.

[0022] Furthermore, the alkali grass is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and wind-resistant, has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 70-140 cm, and a growing season of mid-April to mid-October; the thrush is cold-resistant, has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, is propagated by seeds and roots, has a height of 60-150 cm, and a growing season of early April to mid-November; the Potentilla is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, has a strong adaptability to the soil, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 20-70 cm, and a growing season of March to October; the ground vegetable is light-loving and drought-resistant, has low requirements for soil, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 5-30 cm, and a growing season of March to September; the purple-flowered needlegrass is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and is propagated by sowing, has a height of 20-45 cm, and a growing season of mid-May to late September; the arrow-leaved Ligularia is a perennial herb with strong adaptability, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 25-70 cm, and a growing season of June to October.

[0023] Furthermore, the grass seed slurry is formed by mixing seeds, soil and water in a ratio of 1:3-5:1-1.5 by weight.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiments of the present invention can at least produce the following technical effects:

[0025] (1) The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in high-altitude cold areas provided by the present invention selects herbaceous plants (such as Elymus salsa, Thalictrum lucidum, etc.) that have strong adaptability to the environment of high-altitude cold areas, well-developed root systems, and strong reproductive abilities, and matches them in proportion, which significantly improves the survival rate and growth conditions of vegetation under high-altitude cold conditions. Plants such as Elymus salsa, Thalictrum lucidum, etc. are drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and wind-resistant, have strong adaptability to the environment, and have a long growing season, and can effectively cope with the extreme climatic conditions in high-altitude cold areas.

[0026] (2) The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in high-altitude cold areas provided by the present invention uses a slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive to firmly adhere soil and other materials to the soil and rock slope to form a stable protective layer, which effectively prevents rockfall on the soil and rock slope. The polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh is mainly made of renewable resources and can be naturally degraded after the end of its service life to reduce environmental pollution and be absorbed and utilized by plants. The physical properties are low density and high strength. It can be degraded in harsh environments to avoid secondary pollution to the environment. At the same time, compared with traditional coconut fiber felt, the three-dimensional mesh has a hole spacing of 0.2 cm, which increases the breathing performance, increases the soil temperature in the early stage of plant germination, and has a certain water retention performance. The roots of plants can also pass through the holes, and the high strength provides good support for the roots.

[0027] (3) The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in high-altitude cold areas provided by the present invention adopts a combination of movable steel cables and expansion bolts, which can be bent according to the specific terrain of the soil and rock slope, cope with various uneven slope conditions, and are easier to fit with the slope surface. At the same time, the grid size can be determined according to the slope gradient. The connecting parts connect all points on the entire slope, connecting the soil and rock slope to form a whole, and preventing and controlling rockfall on the slope as a whole; at the same time, M20 chemical expansion bolts are used to cope with the harsh environment in high-altitude cold areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protection network of the present invention;

[0030] In the figure: 1. Expansion bolt hole; 2. Chemical bolt; 3. Expansion screw; 4. Steel cable buckle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0032] A vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas specifically comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Dry the soil to be used and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve for later use;

[0034] S2. Prepare an adhesive: mix sieved soil, peat soil, sawdust, asbestos, recycled pulp fiber, cow dung, highland barley bran, starch grafted acrylamide and water at a ratio of 950:70:40:30:70:30:40:12:280 to prepare a slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive;

[0035] S3, using a mud sprayer to evenly spray the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive on the soil and rock slope that needs to be protected, with a spraying thickness of 1 cm. The slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive can provide nutrients and ensure a certain degree of adhesion;

[0036] S4, laying two layers of polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh on the soil and rock slope after spraying the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive, the thickness of a single polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh is 0.4 cm, the inner hole is 0.2 cm, and the total thickness is 0.8 cm;

[0037] The preparation method of the polylactic acid three-dimensional network specifically includes:

[0038] ① Preparation of polylactic acid solution

[0039] According to the requirements of soil reinforcement, select polylactic acid (PLA) material with appropriate molecular weight and melting point. Dissolve the polylactic acid particles in chloroform solvent, usually need to be stirred for several hours at a certain temperature to ensure uniform dissolution. Adjust the concentration of the solution to about 10%-20% to obtain the appropriate fiber diameter and spinning performance.

[0040] ②Casting process

[0041] The solution is poured into a mold of a specific shape. The mold can be designed as a grid or a structure with a specific porosity. Depending on the requirements, the mold can be flat, curved or have a three-dimensional structure.

[0042] ③Solvent evaporation and solidification

[0043] Place the mold in a well-ventilated environment and wait for the solvent to evaporate, and the polylactic acid network structure will solidify into shape.

[0044] Polylactic acid material is mainly formed by fermenting renewable resources such as corn starch into lactic acid and then polymerizing it. It can be naturally degraded after its service life, reducing environmental pollution and being absorbed and utilized by plants. Its physical properties are low density and high strength. It can be degraded in harsh environments. Compared with traditional coconut fiber felt, the three-dimensional mesh has a hole spacing of 0.2cm, which increases its breathing performance. It increases the soil temperature in the early stage of plant germination and has certain water retention properties. The roots of plants can also pass through the holes. It has high strength and provides good support for the roots.

[0045] S5, laying the soil nutrient layer: in April-June, the sieved soil, urea, cow dung, highland barley bran, Potentilla and water are evenly mixed to form soil nutrient slurry, and the soil nutrient slurry is sprayed on the polylactic acid three-dimensional net with a spraying thickness of 3 cm;

[0046] S6. Mix the seeds of Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla chinensis, Herba Lycopodii, Stipa purpurogenum and Ligularia sagittatum.

[0047] Elymus salsa: drought-resistant, cold-resistant, wind-resistant, strong adaptability to the environment, sowing and propagation, height 70-140cm, growing season from mid-April to mid-October;

[0048] Thalictrum: Cold-resistant, strong adaptability to the environment, can be propagated by seeds and roots, height 60-150cm, growing season from early April to mid-November;

[0049] Potentilla: Drought-resistant and cold-resistant, with strong adaptability to soil, sowing and propagation, height 20-70cm, growing season from March to October;

[0050] Ground vegetables: light-loving, drought-tolerant, not demanding on soil, propagated by sowing, 5-30cm in height, growing season from March to September;

[0051] Stipa purpurogena: drought-resistant, cold-resistant, sowing propagation, height 20-45cm, growing season from mid-May to late September;

[0052] Ligularia sagittatum: It is a perennial herb with strong adaptability. It is propagated by sowing. Its height is 25-70cm. Its growing season is from June to October.

[0053] Select high-quality herb seeds according to the local drought and low-temperature growth environment, and make reasonable combinations based on the growing season and vegetation height;

[0054] Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla chinensis, Stipa purpurogenum, Stipa purpurogenum and Ligularia sagittatum are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:2:3:1:3;

[0055] Pre-seed treatment: Each kilogram of mixed seeds needs to be soaked in 5L of 0.05g / L indoleacetic acid solution for 24 hours to improve the germination rate and rooting ability of the seeds and enhance the resistance of the seeds;

[0056] Thoroughly mix dry soil, mixed seeds and water in a ratio of 4:1:1.5 to form grass seed slurry;

[0057] Seed layer: Spray the mixed grass seed slurry evenly on the soil nutrient layer with a thickness of about 0.5cm.

[0058] S7. After the seeds germinate, drill expansion bolt holes 1 with a depth of 20 cm every 30 cm, clean the lime in the hole, put the chemical bolts 2 into the expansion bolt holes 1, and use the expansion screws 3 to drill and fix them. Leave a steel cable ring 4 on the top of the screw, pass the steel cable through the steel cable ring 4, cross it, and form a protective network.

[0059] According to this embodiment, the soil and rock slope in the high-cold area is repaired. The altitude of the repaired area is 3200-3800 meters, the annual average temperature is 3.8°C, the annual rainfall is 594mm, the annual average relative humidity is 55.1%, the annual average wind speed is 1.3m / s, the annual average sunshine hours are 6.3h, the slope is 30-55°, and the slope length is 30-50 meters. One month after the repair, the slope is flushed for 2 hours in a rainfall environment. There is no sliding or landslide phenomenon, no mudslide phenomenon, and the slope stability does not change. After one year, the vegetation coverage rate reaches 97%.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of the present invention to be protected is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for vegetation restoration of soil and rock slopes in alpine areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Dry the soil to be used and pass it through a 50-mesh sieve for later use; S2. preparing an adhesive: mixing sieved soil, peat soil, sawdust, asbestos, recycled pulp fiber, cow dung, highland barley bran, starch grafted acrylamide and water to prepare a slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional network adhesive; S3, using a mud sprayer to evenly spray the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive on the soil and rock slope that needs to be protected, with a spraying thickness of 1 cm; S4, laying two layers of polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh on the soil and rock slope sprayed with the slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive; S5. Laying a soil nutrient layer: In April-June, sieved soil, urea, cow dung, highland barley bran, Potentilla and water are uniformly mixed to form a soil nutrient slurry, and the soil nutrient slurry is sprayed on the polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh to a thickness of 3-4 cm; S6. Mix the seeds of Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla chinensis, Herba Lysimachiae, Stipa purpurogena and Ligularia sagittatum, and soak the seeds for 24 hours in 5 L of 0.05 g / L indoleacetic acid solution per kg of the mixed seeds to improve the germination rate and rooting ability of the seeds and enhance the stress resistance of the seeds. Stir the treated mixed seeds, soil and water in proportion to form a grass seed slurry, and spray the grass seed slurry evenly on the soil nutrient layer with a thickness of 0.5 cm-1 cm. S7. After the seeds germinate, an expansion bolt hole (1) with a depth of 20 cm is drilled every 30 cm, and the lime in the hole is cleaned. The chemical bolt (2) is placed in the expansion bolt hole (1), and the expansion screw (3) is drilled in and fixed. A steel cable ring (4) is left at the top of the screw. The steel cable is inserted into the steel cable ring (4) and crossed. The steps are repeated to connect multiple expansion bolts and steel cables to form an integrated slope protection network.

2. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slope-polylactic acid three-dimensional mesh adhesive formula is prepared by mixing soil: peat soil: sawdust: asbestos: recycled pulp fiber: cow dung: highland barley bran: starch grafted acrylamide: water = 900-1000: 50-100: 25-50: 20-40: 50-100: 20-40: 30-50: 10-12: 250-300 by weight.

3. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the polylactic acid three-dimensional net is 0.4 cm, and the inner hole is 0.2 cm.

4. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the preparation method of the polylactic acid three-dimensional network is: dissolving polylactic acid particles in chloroform solvent, stirring for several hours at a certain temperature to ensure uniform dissolution, adjusting the concentration of the solution to control it at about 10%-20% to obtain a suitable fiber diameter and spinning performance; pouring the solution into a mold of a specific shape, placing the mold in a well-ventilated environment, waiting for the solvent to evaporate, and the polylactic acid network structure to solidify and form.

5. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The polylactic acid is prepared by extracting starch from renewable resources, converting it into lactic acid through fermentation, and then polymerizing it; the renewable resources include corn, cassava, sugar beet or sugar cane.

6. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soil nutrient slurry formula is prepared by mixing soil, urea, cow dung, highland barley bran, cinquefoil and water in the ratio of 5000:50:20:20:20:1200 by weight.

7. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seeds of Elymus dahliae, Thalictrum lucidum, Potentilla indica, Stipa purpurogenum, Stipa purpurogenum and Ligularia sagittatum are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:2:3:1:

3.

8. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The alkali grass is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and wind-resistant, has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 70-140 cm, and a growing season of mid-April to mid-October; the thrush is cold-resistant, has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, is propagated by seeds and roots, has a height of 60-150 cm, and a growing season of early April to mid-November; the Potentilla is drought-resistant and cold-resistant, has a strong adaptability to the soil, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 20-70 cm, and a growing season of March to October; the ground vegetable is light-loving and drought-resistant, has low requirements for soil, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 5-30 cm, and a growing season of March to September; the purple-flowered needlegrass is drought-resistant, cold-resistant, and is propagated by sowing, has a height of 20-45 cm, and a growing season of mid-May to late September; the arrow-leaved Ligularia is a perennial herb with strong adaptability, is propagated by sowing, has a height of 25-70 cm, and a growing season of June to October.

9. The vegetation restoration method for soil and rock slopes in alpine areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grass seed slurry is prepared by mixing the mixed seeds, soil and water in a ratio of 1:3-5:1-1.5 by weight.

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