Method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco disease control, in particular to a method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematode, which comprises the following steps: S1, harvesting tobacco in mid-to-late September, cleaning tobacco stubbles, and ploughing and leveling a field; s2, applying base fertilizer in late September, planting chloris virgata, and harvesting green chloris virgata from February to early March in the next year; s3, harvesting chloris virgata from the first ten days of March to the last ten days of April, drying in the sun, and crushing; after harvesting, soil ridging and fertilizer mixing are conducted, chloris virgata powder is ploughed into the soil, mulching film covering is conducted after the soil is irrigated till no pungent smell escapes from the soil, and film removing, drainage and airing are conducted; s4, transplanting tobacco seedlings from late April to early May. The method of chloris virgata-tobacco rotation and strong reduction soil treatment is adopted, the soil fertility is rapidly improved, meanwhile, the soil micro-ecological environment is adjusted, tobacco root-knot nematodes are eliminated, the application amount of insecticides and pesticide fertilizers is reduced, the land output is increased, and technical guarantee is provided for virtuous circle of the tobacco industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco disease prevention and control, and in particular to a method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco root knot nematode disease occurs widely around the world, causing serious economic damage to tobacco-growing areas, and has become the focus of tobacco pest control in recent years. Tobacco root knot nematode disease not only causes tobacco plants to wilt and turn yellow, stunt growth, and even die, but also causes tobacco black shank disease, black root rot, bacterial wilt and other diseases, seriously affecting the quality and yield of tobacco leaves.

[0003] Root-knot nematode disease is a soil-borne disease that seriously harms tobacco production. It is extremely difficult to prevent and control. In recent years, with the comprehensive ban of nematicide chemicals worldwide, the prevention and control of tobacco root-knot nematode disease has become particularly prominent, and the use of agricultural and ecological prevention and control measures to control root-knot nematode disease has become a general trend. The strong reduction soil sterilization method (Reductive Soil Disinfestation, RSD technology) that has emerged in recent years uses ecological methods to create soil environmental conditions that are conducive to crop growth and unfavorable to pathogenic organisms in the relationship between soil-crop-organisms, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the incidence of pathogenic organisms and diseases and increasing crop yields. The Chinese invention patent with publication number CN 110622948 A discloses a method for killing soil root-knot nematodes using plant living root stubble and rhizosphere soil, using special living plant root stubble to secrete natural nitrification inhibitors combined with ammonium nitrogen fertilizers, allowing ammonium ions in the soil to be preserved for a long time and killing soil root-knot nematodes. However, there is no report on the use of RSD technology in eliminating tobacco root-knot nematode disease. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Harvest tobacco in mid-to-late September, clean up tobacco stubble, and plow and level the field;

[0008] S2. In late September, apply basal fertilizer and plant chloris grass, and harvest the chloris grass in February or early March of the following year;

[0009] S3. From early March to late April, harvest the tiger tail grass, dry it in the sun, and crush it. After harvesting, ridge the soil and mix it with fertilizer, plow the tiger tail grass powder into the soil, irrigate the soil and cover it with plastic film until there is no irritating odor in the soil, remove the plastic film, drain the water, and dry it;

[0010] S4. Transplant tobacco seedlings in late April to early May.

[0011] Furthermore, the powder of Chloris fasciata is ploughed into the soil at a rate of 1.0-1.3 t per mu.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific method of ridge formation is: 15-20 days before transplanting tobacco, combine with fertilization, and form ridges while the soil is moist, with a ridge spacing of 1.2 meters; for flat fields with relatively high groundwater levels, the initial ridge height should be at least 30 centimeters; for flat fields with poor water conditions, the initial ridge height should be at least 20 centimeters; for gently sloping fields, the initial ridge height should be at least 15 centimeters; for steep slopes, ridge formation is not required, but large pits should be deep planted and high soil should be built; for areas where the film will be broken and soil will be built in the later stage, the ridge height should reach 30 centimeters.

[0013] Further: Yunyan series has 1,100 plants / acre, and Zhongchuan 208 variety has 950-1,000 plants / acre.

[0014] Furthermore, compound fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer with a N:P:K ratio of 12:12:25, and compound fertilizer was applied after film removal with a N:P:K ratio of 5:5:40.

[0015] Further, transplant growth-promoting bacteria, triacontanol.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] The present invention adopts a method of crop rotation of tiger grass and tobacco and strong reduction soil treatment, which can quickly improve soil fertility while regulating the soil microecological environment, eliminate tobacco root-knot nematodes, reduce the application amount of insecticides and pesticides and fertilizers, increase land output, and provide technical guarantee for the virtuous cycle of the tobacco industry. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] This embodiment was carried out in the red soil tobacco-growing area of ​​Sichuan Province, and the tobacco involved was the Yunyan series, with 1,100 plants per mu (1.2 m*50 cm).

[0021] (1) Harvest tobacco in mid-to-late September, clean up tobacco stubble, and plow and level the fields;

[0022] (2) In late September, apply basal fertilizer and plant tiger tail grass. Tiger tail grass can be harvested from February to early March of the following year and used as feed for cattle and sheep.

[0023] (3) From early March to late April, harvest the tiger tail grass, dry it in the sun, and crush it. After harvesting, ridge the soil and mix it with fertilizer. Use a crusher to crush the tiger tail grass from the previous year into powder (particle size <0.2 cm), then plow it into the soil at a rate of about 1.0-1.3 tons per mu (the plowing depth is based on the tillage layer). After irrigating the soil (irrigate the soil to the maximum field water holding capacity), cover it with mulch (the mulch thickness is 0.3-0.4 mm, and both sides are compacted with soil) until no irritating odor escapes from the soil (treat for 14-30 days until no irritating odor escapes from the soil), remove the mulch, drain the water, and air dry (air dry for 7-9 days);

[0024] Ridge formation: Generally, 15 to 20 days before transplanting tobacco, ridge formation is carried out in combination with fertilization, with a ridge spacing of 1.2 meters. For flat land with a relatively high groundwater level, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 30 cm; for flat land with poor water conditions, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 20 cm; for gently sloping land, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 15 cm; for steep slopes, ridge formation is not required, but large pits should be planted deep and the soil should be raised. For areas where the film is broken and soil is raised later, the ridge formation height should reach 30 cm.

[0025] Fertilization: base fertilizer: compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 12:12:25), 50 kg per mu, topdressing (compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 5:5:40) after film removal), 20 kg per mu.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] This example was carried out in the red soil tobacco-growing area of ​​Sichuan Province, and the tobacco involved was the Zhongchuan 208 variety, with 950-1000 plants / mu (1.2 meters*55 centimeters).

[0028] (1) Harvest tobacco in mid-to-late September, clean up tobacco stubble, and plow and level the fields;

[0029] (2) In late September, apply basal fertilizer and plant tiger tail grass. Tiger tail grass can be harvested from February to early March of the following year and used as feed for cattle and sheep.

[0030] (3) From early March to late April, harvest the tiger tail grass, dry it in the sun, and crush it. After harvesting, ridge the soil and mix it with fertilizer. Use a crusher to crush the tiger tail grass from the previous year into powder (particle size <0.2 cm), then plow it into the soil at a rate of about 1.0-1.3 tons per mu (the plowing depth is based on the tillage layer). After irrigating the soil (irrigate the soil to the maximum field water holding capacity), cover it with mulch (the mulch thickness is 0.3-0.4 mm, and both sides are compacted with soil) until no irritating odor escapes from the soil (treat for 14-30 days until no irritating odor escapes from the soil), remove the mulch, drain the water, and air dry (air dry for 7-9 days);

[0031] Ridge formation: Generally, 15 to 20 days before transplanting tobacco, ridge formation is carried out in combination with fertilization, with a ridge spacing of 1.2 meters. For flat land with a relatively high groundwater level, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 30 cm; for flat land with poor water conditions, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 20 cm; for gently sloping land, the initial ridge formation height should be as low as 15 cm; for steep slopes, ridge formation is not required, but large pits should be planted deep and the soil should be raised. For areas where the film is broken and soil is raised later, the ridge formation height should reach 30 cm.

[0032] Fertilization: Apply compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 12:12:25) as base fertilizer, 40 kg per mu, and topdressing (compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 5:5:40) after removing the film), 20 kg per mu.

[0033] Comparative Example 1

[0034] In Comparative Example 1, the same points as Example 1 are not described here, and only the differences from Example 1 are described. The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that only tobacco is planted without rotation of chloris, and the rest is the same as described in Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 2

[0036] In Comparative Example 2, the same points as Example 1 are not described here, and only the differences from Example 1 are described. The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that Chloris virgata is not rotated, but pea is rotated (a common rotation method in the local area), and the rest is the same as described in Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 3

[0038] In Comparative Example 3, the same points as Example 1 are not described here, and only the differences from Example 1 are described. The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that after the chloris grass is harvested, it is not plowed into the soil, and the rest is the same as described in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 4

[0040] Referring to the method disclosed in CN 110622948 A, a method of killing soil root-knot nematodes by using living plant stubble and rhizosphere soil is used. Awnless chloris is rotated in tobacco fields. When the awnless chloris reaches the heading stage, it is plowed with a tillage plow to loosen the living stubble of the awnless chloris from the soil. The stubble with soil and the soil with the stubble are picked up with a five-pronged manure fork, and crushed with a knife crusher for later use. The crushed material is transported to the soil with root-knot nematodes and the water content is 35% of the field water holding capacity. The dosage is 1500kg / hm 2 , spread on the soil surface, and then spread 15000kg / hm 2 Organic fertilizer, rotary tillage, and covering all the tilled soil with film for 25 days.

[0041] The number of root-knot nematodes and the killing rate of root-knot nematodes in each treatment during the vigorous growth period of tobacco (with comparative example 1 where only tobacco was planted as the control) are shown in the following table:

[0042]

[0043] The present invention adopts a strong reduction soil treatment method, and its basic principle is: create a strong soil reduction environment in a short time, use denitrification reaction to eliminate nitrates accumulated in the soil, generate reducing sulfides such as hydrogen sulfide to remove sulfates, thereby achieving the purpose of desalination; use OH- generated in the reduction process to neutralize soil acidity; the strong redox condition transformation in a short time and the H2S, organic acids and other substances generated in the reduction environment can inhibit or even kill soil-borne pathogens; the soil organic matter generated by the transformation of organic materials will change the physical properties of the soil. While achieving rapid improvement of soil fertility, it regulates the soil microecological environment, reduces the application of pesticides and pesticide fertilizers, is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and provides technical guarantees for the virtuous cycle of the tobacco industry.

[0044] The present invention utilizes the characteristics of good nematode inhibition effect and high grass yield of Chloris gai's grass to carry out tobacco-Chloris gai's grass rotation research, and uses it as an organic material in the RSD technology system, so as to achieve both prevention and control of root-knot nematode diseases and improvement of tobacco field land production capacity, in order to obtain higher ecological and economic benefits. Therefore, under the background that the country currently promotes the reduction of pesticide application and the tobacco industry vigorously promotes green prevention and control technology, systematically studying the occurrence conditions and epidemic laws of tobacco root-knot nematode diseases in red soil tobacco-growing areas in Sichuan Province, and developing "safe, simple" root-knot nematode plant protection technology are of great significance to ensuring tobacco leaf quality and increasing tobacco farmers' income, and promoting the sustainable development of the tobacco industry.

[0045] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Harvest tobacco in mid-to-late September, clean up tobacco stubble, and plow and level the field; S2. In late September, apply basal fertilizer and plant chloris grass, and harvest the chloris grass in February or early March of the following year; S3. From early March to late April, harvest the tiger tail grass, dry it in the sun, and crush it. After harvesting, ridge the soil and mix it with fertilizer, plow the tiger tail grass powder into the soil, irrigate the soil and cover it with plastic film until there is no irritating odor in the soil, remove the plastic film, drain the water, and dry it; S4. Transplant tobacco seedlings in late April to early May.

2. The method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Plow the grass powder into the soil at a rate of 1.0-1.3t per mu.

3. The method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of ridge making is: 15-20 days before transplanting tobacco, combine with fertilization, make ridges while the soil is moist, with a ridge spacing of 1.2 meters; for flat fields with relatively high groundwater levels, the initial ridge height should be at least 30 cm; for flat fields with poor water conditions, the initial ridge height should be at least 20 cm; for gently sloping fields, the initial ridge height should be at least 15 cm; for steep slopes, ridge making is not necessary, but large pits must be deep and high soil must be built; for areas where the film will be broken and soil will be built later, the ridge height must reach 30 cm.

4. The method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting density is: 1,100 plants / mu for the Yunyan series and 950-1,000 plants / mu for the Zhongchuan 208 variety.

5. The method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and its N:P:K ratio is 12:12:

25. Compound fertilizer is applied on the bed after film is removed, and its N:P:K ratio is 5:5:

40.

6. The method for eliminating tobacco root-knot nematodes according to claim 5, characterized in that: Transplanting growth-promoting bacteria, triacontanol.

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