Method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by combining sesame cake fertilizer with microbial agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by adopting a sesame cake fertilizer and a microbial agent, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control. Vegetable oil, vitamin C and glucose are added into fermented sesame residues and fixed in the fermented sesame residues to prepare the sesame cake fertilizer; then the sesame cake fertilizer and the trichoderma harzianum are mixed and then applied, the sesame cake fertilizer continuously releases substances such as vegetable oil and glucose to promote proliferation and growth of the trichoderma harzianum and colonization of the trichoderma harzianum in tobacco rhizosphere, and then the trichoderma harzianum and the sesame cake fertilizer are combined to efficiently improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, regulate the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure and induce the tobacco to generate disease resistance; the tobacco bacterial wilt is effectively prevented and treated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control, and in particular to a method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco bacterial wilt is an important disease that affects tobacco production. It has a great impact on tobacco leaf production in tropical and subtropical tobacco producing areas, and seriously restricts the sustainable and healthy development of the tobacco industry. The pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt is Ralstonia solanacearum, which is the second most destructive plant pathogen and has become one of the most intensively studied plant pathogens.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control technologies of tobacco bacterial wilt mainly include soil improvement methods, chemical control methods and biological control methods. The soil improvement method mainly involves the application of chemical improvers, which has a high investment cost, and the long-term excessive application of chemical improvers is likely to cause changes in soil properties and have a negative impact on the soil ecosystem; under the chemical control method, pesticides are easily affected by factors such as the environment and their own characteristics, resulting in poor control effects, and are easy to pollute the environment; biological control technology mainly uses bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and their metabolites to prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt. Because of its significant advantages of green environmental protection, it has become a popular research direction for modern tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control. However, in the actual tobacco planting process, due to factors such as single continuous cropping and the large-scale use of compound fertilizers, soil acidification has increased, soil physical and chemical properties have deteriorated, and it is difficult for microbial agents to adapt to the soil environment after application, and it is difficult to colonize in the tobacco rhizosphere, reducing the prevention and control effect of tobacco bacterial wilt.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt to solve the problem that when using microorganisms to prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt, the microorganisms are difficult to adapt to the soil environment, resulting in a low colonization rate in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants and reduced prevention and control effects. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents, so as to solve the problem that when using microorganisms for tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control, the microorganisms are difficult to adapt to the soil environment, resulting in a low colonization rate in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants and reduced prevention and control effects.

[0006] The present invention solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0007] A method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents: the method is as follows:

[0008] (1) Before ridge-building for transplanting tobacco, mix sesame cake fertilizer and microbial agent evenly and apply them in rows at a rate of 20-40 kg / mu;

[0009] (2) In mid-to-late May, when tobacco plants are in small clusters, cover the holes and add soil. At the same time, mix sesame cake fertilizer and microbial agent evenly according to the method in step (1) and apply them in the amount of 10-20 kg / mu. Other field management is carried out according to conventional methods.

[0010] Furthermore, the microbial agent is Trichoderma harzianum.

[0011] As a high-quality organic fertilizer, sesame cake fertilizer is rich in nutrients such as organic matter, protein, oil and vitamins. It can provide rich nutrition for tobacco to promote good growth of tobacco, improve tobacco growth to enhance its disease resistance, and increase tobacco leaf yield and quality. At the same time, sesame cake fertilizer is used as a carrier to mix with the microbial agent Trichoderma harzianum for mixed application. Trichoderma harzianum can secrete chitinase, etc., which further induces tobacco resistance and regulates the rhizosphere soil microenvironment of tobacco. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum and sesame cake fertilizer work together to better prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt and effectively reduce the incidence rate.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the sesame cake fertilizer to the microbial agent is (10-40):1.

[0013] Further, the sesame cake fertilizer preparation method is as follows:

[0014] A: Break the sesame cake into pieces and adjust the moisture content to 55-65%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, seal and pre-ferment for 4-8 days, then add sucrose fatty acid ester, mix evenly, and ferment for another 3-6 days to obtain fermented sesame residue;

[0015] B: Add an equal weight of water to the fermented sesame residue and adjust the pH, heat to 40-50°C and keep warm for 10-20 minutes, then add isopropylamine, mix evenly, and continue to keep warm for 1-2 hours, cool to room temperature, add vitamin C and glucose, mix evenly, and let stand overnight, then add vegetable oil, mix evenly, and leave for 2-3 days, stirring once a day; then add glutamine transaminase, mix evenly, heat to 40-50°C and keep warm for 1-2 hours to obtain a semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer, and dry the semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0016] The method comprises the following steps: when preparing sesame cake fertilizer by fermentation, sucrose fatty acid ester is used for mixed fermentation to prepare fermented sesame residue, so as to reduce the hydrophobic effect of high-amount oil in the fermented sesame residue; then, water is added to the sesame residue to adjust the pH value, and isopropylamine is added to carry out heating reaction, so that the isopropylamine enters the fermented sesame residue and is combined with the protein molecular chain, and the repulsion between the protein molecules is enhanced by changing the charge property of the protein, thereby causing the swelling and unfolding of the protein; after further cooling to room temperature, vitamin C, glucose and vegetable oil are added in sequence, and the mixture is allowed to stand for treatment, so that the vitamin C, glucose and vegetable oil enter the swollen and unfolded protein, and then the sucrose is added to the fermented sesame residue to form a sucrose cake fertilizer; and the sucrose is added to the fermented sesame residue to form a sucrose cake fertilizer. Under the action of aminotransferase, the protein is cross-linked and solidified to form a dense three-dimensional network structure, thereby encapsulating and fixing vitamin C, glucose and vegetable oil in the fermented sesame residue to prepare sesame cake fertilizer. After subsequent mixing with Trichoderma harzianum and applying it, the sesame cake fertilizer slowly and continuously releases the vitamins, glucose and vegetable oil fixed inside. These substances can improve the proliferation ability of Trichoderma harzianum and promote the growth of mycelium, so that Trichoderma harzianum can adapt to the soil more quickly and quickly form a dominant bacterial community in the soil, effectively colonize in the rhizosphere of tobacco, and combine with sesame cake fertilizer to improve the rhizosphere soil environment of tobacco plants, reduce the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and improve the quality and yield of tobacco leaves.

[0017] Furthermore, in step A, the mass ratio of sesame cake to sucrose fatty acid ester is 12:(0.05-0.1).

[0018] Furthermore, in step B, the mass ratio of fermented sesame residue to isopropylamine, vitamin C, glucose, vegetable oil, and transglutaminase is 15: (0.005-0.01): (0.01-0.02): (0.4-0.8): (0.5-1): (0.01-0.03).

[0019] Furthermore, the vegetable oil is any one of sesame oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil and sunflower oil.

[0020] Furthermore, in step B, the pH is adjusted to 6-7.

[0021] Furthermore, in step B, the sesame cake fertilizer is dried at 45° C. until the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention adopts sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum to prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt. While improving soil properties, it adjusts the soil microbial community structure and induces tobacco disease resistance. The combined effect can better prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt, effectively reduce the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and improve tobacco leaf yield and quality.

[0024] 2. The present invention adopts a specific method to fix vitamin C, glucose and vegetable oil in sesame cake fertilizer. After the sesame cake fertilizer is mixed with Trichoderma harzianum and applied, vitamin C, glucose and vegetable oil are continuously released. The vegetable oil contains a high amount of fatty acids, which work together with vitamin C and glucose to promote the proliferation and growth of Trichoderma harzianum, so that Trichoderma harzianum can quickly become the dominant flora and efficiently colonize in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants. Combined with sesame cake fertilizer, it exerts a good effect of preventing and controlling bacterial wilt and promotes the good growth of tobacco plants, thereby improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 :This is a picture of sesame cake fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 : This is a picture of the tobacco growth status of experimental group 1 in the experiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 : It is a picture of tobacco growth status of the blank control group in the experiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0029] The raw materials used in the present invention can be purchased from the market. The EM bacterial solution used is organic fertilizer fermentation EM bacteria purchased from the market and is used according to the instructions. The microbial agent used is specifically Trichoderma harzianum T-22, and the viable bacterial count is 2×10 9 .

[0030] Example 1: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0031] A: Take 12kg of sesame cake, break it into pieces, adjust the moisture content to 60%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, seal and pre-ferment for 6 days, then add 0.06kg of sucrose fatty acid ester, mix evenly, and ferment for another 4 days to obtain fermented sesame residue;

[0032] B: Take 15kg fermented sesame residues and add 15kg of clear water, mix and adjust pH to 6.5, be heated to 45 ℃ and keep warm for 15min, then add 0.007kg isopropylamine and mix and continue to keep warm for 1.5h, add 0.05kg vitamin C and 0.6kg glucose and stir and mix well and leave overnight after being cooled to room temperature, then add 0.6kg peanut oil and mix well and place for 3 days, during which time, turn over and mix once every day; then add 0.02kg glutamine transaminase and mix well and place at 45 ℃ and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ to a moisture content of about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0033] Example 2: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0034] A: Take 12kg of sesame cake, break it into pieces, adjust the moisture content to 55%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, seal and pre-ferment for 4 days, then add 0.05kg of sucrose fatty acid ester, mix evenly, and ferment for another 6 days to obtain fermented sesame residue;

[0035] B: Take 15kg of fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clean water, mix evenly and adjust the pH to 6, heat to 40 ℃ and keep warm for 16min, then add 0.05kg of isopropylamine, mix evenly and continue to keep warm for 1h, cool to room temperature, add 0.01kg of vitamin C and 0.4kg of glucose, stir well and mix evenly, then leave stand overnight, then add 0.5kg of rapeseed oil, stir well and mix evenly, then leave for 2 days, during which time it is necessary to stir once a day, then add 0.01kg of glutamine transaminase, mix evenly, and leave at 40 ℃ and keep warm for 1h to obtain a sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, and dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ until the moisture content is about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0036] Example 3: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0037] A: Take 12kg of sesame cake, break it into pieces, adjust the moisture content to 65%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, seal and pre-ferment for 8 days, then add 0.08kg of sucrose fatty acid ester, mix evenly, and ferment for another 3 days to obtain fermented sesame residue;

[0038] B: Take 15kg of fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clean water, mix evenly and adjust the pH to 7, heat to 50 ℃ and keep warm for 20min, then add 0.01kg of isopropylamine, mix evenly and continue to keep warm for 2h, add 0.02kg of vitamin C and 0.8kg of glucose, stir and mix evenly and leave to stand overnight after cooling to room temperature, then add 1kg of sunflower seed oil, mix evenly and leave for 3 days, stir once a day, then add 0.03kg of glutamine transaminase, mix evenly and leave to keep warm for 2h at 50 ℃ to obtain a semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer, dry the semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer at 45 ℃ until the moisture content is about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0039] Comparative Example 1: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0040] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 1, sucrose fatty acid ester is not added in step A, as follows:

[0041] A: Take 12kg of sesame cake, break it into pieces and adjust the moisture content to 60%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, and seal and pre-ferment for 10 days to obtain fermented sesame residue;

[0042] B: Same as Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 2: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0044] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 2, when preparing sesame cake fertilizer, isopropylamine is not added in step B, as follows:

[0045] A: Same as Example 1;

[0046] B: Get 15kg fermented sesame residues and add 15kg of clear water to mix and adjust pH to 6.5, be heated to 45 ℃ and be incubated for 1.5h, then add 0.05kg vitamin C, 0.6kg glucose and fully stir and mix after being cooled to room temperature and leave stand overnight, then add 0.6kg peanut oil and fully mix and place for 3 days, during which time need to turn over once every day; then add 0.02kg glutamine transaminase and mix and be placed at 45 ℃ and be incubated for 1.5h to obtain sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, and dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product to a moisture content of about 5% at 45 ℃ to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0047] Comparative Example 3: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0048] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that vitamin C is not added in step B when preparing sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 3, as shown below:

[0049] A: Same as Example 1;

[0050] B: Take 15kg fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clear water, mix and adjust pH to 6.5, heat to 45 ℃ and keep warm for 15min, then add 0.007kg isopropylamine, mix and continue to keep warm for 1.5h, add 0.6kg glucose and stir well after being cooled to room temperature, and leave to stand overnight, then add 0.6kg peanut oil and stir well, and place for 3 days, during which time, turn over and stir once a day; then add 0.02kg glutamine transaminase, mix well, and place at 45 ℃ and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ to a moisture content of about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0051] Comparative Example 4: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0052] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 4, peanut oil is not added in step B when preparing sesame cake fertilizer, as shown below:

[0053] A: Same as Example 1;

[0054] B: Take 15kg of fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clear water, mix evenly and adjust the pH to 6.5, heat to 45°C and keep warm for 15min, then add 0.007kg of isopropylamine, mix evenly and continue to keep warm for 1.5h, add 0.05kg of vitamin C and 0.6kg of glucose after cooling to room temperature, stir and mix evenly and place for 3 days, during which time it is necessary to stir once a day; then add 0.02kg of glutamine transaminase, mix evenly and place at 45°C and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain a sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, and dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45°C until the moisture content is about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0055] Comparative Example 5: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0056] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that glucose is not added in step B when preparing sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 5, as shown below:

[0057] A: Same as Example 1;

[0058] B: Take 15kg of fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clear water, mix evenly and adjust pH to 6.5, heat to 45 ℃ and keep warm for 15min, then add 0.007kg of isopropylamine, mix evenly and continue to keep warm for 1.5h, add 0.05kg of vitamin C and fully stir and mix evenly after cooling to room temperature, then leave to stand overnight, then add 0.6kg of peanut oil and fully mix and place for 3 days, during which time, turn over and stir once a day; then add 0.02kg of glutamine transaminase and mix evenly, then place at 45 ℃ and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain a sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ to a moisture content of about 5% to obtain a sesame cake fertilizer.

[0059] Comparative Example 6: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0060] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in Comparative Example 6, when preparing sesame cake fertilizer, no glutamine transaminase is added in step B, as shown below:

[0061] A: Same as Example 1;

[0062] B: Get 15kg fermented sesame slag and add 15kg of clear water to mix and regulate pH to 6.5, be heated to 45 ℃ and be incubated for 15min, then add 0.007kg isopropylamine to mix and continue to be incubated for 1.5h, add 0.05kg vitamin C, 0.6kg glucose and fully stir and mix after being cooled to room temperature and leave stand overnight, add 0.6kg peanut oil and fully mix and place 3 days, during this period, need to turn over once every day, obtain sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product is dried to moisture content of about 5% and obtains sesame cake fertilizer at 45 ℃.

[0063] Comparative Example 7: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0064] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 7, step B is not subjected to heating and heat preservation treatment, as shown below:

[0065] A: Same as Example 1;

[0066] B: Take 15kg fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clear water, mix evenly and adjust pH to 6.5, add 0.007kg isopropylamine, mix evenly and leave standstill for 1.5h, add 0.05kg vitamin C and 0.6kg glucose after cooling to room temperature, stir and mix evenly and leave standstill overnight, then add 0.6kg peanut oil, mix evenly and place for 3 days, during which time, turn over and stir once a day; then add 0.02kg glutamine transaminase, mix evenly and place at 45 ℃ and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ to a moisture content of about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0067] Comparative Example 8: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0068] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 8, glutamine aminotransferase is added in step B and then left to stand at room temperature, as shown below:

[0069] A: Same as Example 1;

[0070] B: get the clear water of adding 15kg in the 15kg fermented sesame slag and mix and regulate pH to 6.5, be heated to 45 ℃ and be incubated for 15min, then add 0.007kg isopropylamine and mix and continue to be incubated for 1.5h, add 0.05kg vitamin C, 0.6kg glucose and fully stir and mix after being cooled to room temperature and leave standstill overnight, then add 0.6kg peanut oil and fully mix and place 3 days, during which time need to turn over once every day; then add 0.02kg glutamine transaminase and mix and be placed at room temperature (25 ℃) and leave standstill for 1.5h to obtain the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, and the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product is dried to moisture content of about 5% and obtains sesame cake fertilizer at 45 ℃.

[0071] Comparative Example 9: Preparation of sesame cake fertilizer

[0072] In contrast to Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer in Comparative Example 9, peanut oil and vitamin C are added simultaneously in step B, as shown below:

[0073] A: Same as Example 1;

[0074] B: Take 15kg of fermented sesame residue, add 15kg of clear water, mix evenly and adjust the pH to 6.5, heat to 45 ℃ and keep warm for 15min, then add 0.007kg of isopropylamine, mix evenly and continue to keep warm for 1.5h, add 0.05kg of vitamin C, 0.6kg of glucose and 0.6kg of peanut oil after cooling to room temperature, stir and mix evenly and place for 3 days, during which time it is necessary to stir once a day; then add 0.02kg of glutamine transaminase, mix evenly and place at 45 ℃ and keep warm for 1.5h to obtain a sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product, and dry the sesame cake fertilizer semi-finished product at 45 ℃ until the moisture content is about 5% to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

[0075] Example 4: Method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by combining sesame cake fertilizer with microbial agents

[0076] (1) In late March, the tobacco field was deep-turned by about 25 cm, and then ridging was performed with a ridge spacing of about 120 cm and a ridge height of about 30 cm; before ridging, sesame cake fertilizer was prepared according to the method of Example 1, and mixed with Trichoderma harzianum at a mass ratio of 30:1, and then applied evenly in the furrows at an amount of 30 kg / mu, and then ridging was performed using a ridging machine; at the end of April, holes were punched at a plant spacing of 55 cm, and then healthy tobacco seedlings were transplanted into the holes, and rooting water was poured to complete the transplanting of tobacco seedlings;

[0077] (2) In late May, when tobacco plants are in small clusters, while sealing the nests and cultivating the soil, sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum are prepared according to the method in step (1), mixed evenly, and applied to the nests at a rate of 15 kg / mu, followed by conventional field management.

[0078] Experiment: Experiment on the prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt by combining sesame cake fertilizer with microbial agents

[0079] 1. The sesame cake fertilizer prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-9 was used for tobacco bacterial wilt prevention and control experiments. The experiment was conducted in Liujiaping Village, Longtang Township, Pengshui County, Chongqing City on March 23, 2022. Specifically, an area was selected as the experimental area, and the initial pH of the soil in the experimental area was measured to be 5.2. The soil in the experimental area was divided into 13 areas on average: corresponding to experimental group 1, control group 1-11, and blank control group, each area of ​​6×10m, and then the tobacco field soil was treated according to the method in Example 4 and tobacco was transplanted and planted. The specific fertilizers applied to each group are as follows:

[0080] Experimental Group 1 applied the sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum of Example 1 according to the method of Example 4;

[0081] Control groups 1-9 were respectively applied with sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum of comparative examples 1-9 according to the method in Example 4;

[0082] Control group 10 was treated with only the sesame cake fertilizer of Example 1 according to the method of Example 4, without applying Trichoderma harzianum;

[0083] Control group 11 was treated with only Trichoderma harzianum according to the method in Example 4, without applying sesame cake fertilizer;

[0084] The blank control group was not fertilized with sesame cake fertilizer or Trichoderma harzianum.

[0085] 2. The experimental group 1, control groups 1-11 and the blank control group were managed in the same way in the field. Then, 35 days after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted, the plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width of each group were counted, and the average data were shown in Table 1.

[0086] 3. Soil samples were collected by five-point cross sampling method on June 20 and July 20, and then the number of viable Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil of each group of tobacco was determined by dilution plate count method; then the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in each group was determined on July 15 and August 2, respectively; the soil pH of each group was measured again after tobacco harvest, and the data obtained are shown in Table 2.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Table 2

[0091]

[0092] According to the data analysis of Table 1 and Table 2, we can know that:

[0093] (1) After sesame cake fertilizer was prepared by the method of the present invention, it was mixed with Trichoderma harzianum in a specific ratio and method for application. 35 days after the tobacco seedlings were transplanted, the tobacco plants in the experimental group 1 had a height of 32.3 cm, a stem circumference of 8.74 cm, a maximum leaf length of 63.7 cm, and a maximum leaf width of 34.6 cm. The tobacco plants grew well. However, when the control group 10 was applied with sesame cake fertilizer alone, the control group 11 was applied with Trichoderma harzianum alone, and the blank control group was not applied with sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum, the growth of the tobacco plants was significantly reduced to varying degrees, indicating that the application of sesame cake fertilizer combined with Trichoderma harzianum to tobacco plants according to the method of the present invention can promote the good growth of tobacco plants; the soil pH in the experimental group 1 increased relatively significantly, from the original 5.2 to 5.9, while the soil pH did not change when the control group 10 was applied with sesame cake fertilizer alone, and the blank control group was not applied with sesame cake fertilizer and Trichoderma harzianum, indicating that the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer according to the method of the present invention and its application together with Trichoderma harzianum is also beneficial to alleviate the problem of soil acidification.

[0094] (2) The number of live Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants was detected on June 20 and July 30, and the incidence of bacterial wilt was statistically analyzed on July 15 and August 2. It was found that the number of live Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants in Experimental Group 1 remained high, and the incidence of bacterial wilt was low, indicating that the sesame cake fertilizer prepared according to the method of the present invention as a carrier of Trichoderma harzianum and mixed application can effectively promote the colonization of Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants and ensure its good reproduction and growth, and work together to effectively prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt;

[0095] (3) In the control group 1, sucrose fatty acid esters were not added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer for fermentation. The hydrophobic interaction of the oil components in the sesame cake fertilizer inhibited the entry of vitamin C, glucose, etc. into the fermented sesame residue, resulting in a decrease in the amount of vitamin C and glucose fixed by protein. Most of them were used in the early stage, and the loss reduced the release supply in the later stage, which reduced the growth-promoting effect on Trichoderma harzianum in the later stage, resulting in a decrease in the content of Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil, further affecting the incidence rate. In the control group 2, isopropylamine was not added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer. The protein swelling degree in the fermented sesame residue was low, which also reduced the content of protein-fixed vitamin C and glucose, thereby affecting the growth of Trichoderma harzianum.

[0096] (4) In the control group 3, no vitamin C was added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer, in the control group 4, no peanut oil was added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer, and in the control group 5, no glucose was added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer. The content of Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants in the control groups 3-5 was reduced to varying degrees, indicating that the combined effects of vitamin C, glucose and peanut oil can effectively promote the reproduction and growth of Trichoderma harzianum, so as to better prevent and control tobacco bacterial wilt;

[0097] (5) In the control group 6, glutamine transaminase was not added during the preparation of sesame cake fertilizer, which failed to promote protein solidification and the encapsulation and slow release of vitamin C and glucose. As a result, the amount of vitamin C and glucose available in the later stage was small, which reduced the growth-promoting effect on Trichoderma harzianum and resulted in a high incidence rate in the later stage. In the control group 10, only Trichoderma harzianum was applied. In the absence of sesame cake fertilizer carrier, the number of live Trichoderma harzianum in the rhizosphere soil decreased significantly.

[0098] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention. The techniques, shapes, and structural parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents, characterized in that: The method is as follows: (1) Before ridge-building for transplanting tobacco, mix sesame cake fertilizer and microbial agent evenly and apply them in rows at a rate of 20-40 kg / mu; (2) In mid-to-late May, when tobacco plants are in small clusters, cover the holes and add soil. At the same time, mix sesame cake fertilizer and microbial agent evenly according to the method in step (1) and apply them in the amount of 10-20 kg / mu. Other field management is carried out according to conventional methods.

2. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is Trichoderma harzianum.

3. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the sesame cake fertilizer to the microbial agent is (10-40):

1.

4. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 3, characterized in that: Described sesame cake fertilizer preparation method is as follows: A: Break the sesame cake into pieces and adjust the moisture content to 55-65%, add EM bacteria, mix evenly, seal and pre-ferment for 4-8 days, then add sucrose fatty acid ester, mix evenly, and ferment for another 3-6 days to obtain fermented sesame residue; B: Add an equal weight of water to the fermented sesame residue and adjust the pH, heat to 40-50°C and keep warm for 10-20 minutes, then add isopropylamine, mix evenly, and continue to keep warm for 1-2 hours, cool to room temperature, add vitamin C and glucose, mix evenly, and let stand overnight, then add vegetable oil, mix evenly, and leave for 2-3 days, stirring once a day; then add glutamine transaminase, mix evenly, heat to 40-50°C and keep warm for 1-2 hours to obtain a semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer, and dry the semi-finished sesame cake fertilizer to obtain sesame cake fertilizer.

5. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of sesame cake to sucrose fatty acid ester in step A is 12:(0.05-0.1).

6. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step B, the mass ratio of fermented sesame residue to isopropylamine, vitamin C, glucose, vegetable oil and transglutaminase is 15:(0.005-0.01):(0.01-0.02):(0.4-0.8):(0.5-1):(0.01-0.03).

7. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vegetable oil is any one of sesame oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil and sunflower seed oil.

8. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step B, the pH is adjusted to 6-7.

9. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco bacterial wilt by using sesame cake fertilizer combined with microbial agents according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step B, the sesame cake fertilizer is dried at 45° C. until the moisture content is ≤5%.

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