Piston production and processing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a piston producing and machining method which is reasonable and proper in procedure arrangement, can effectively reduce manpower and equipment resources, improves production efficiency and reduces cost. Unqualified pistons are repaired or recycled, so that the cost is reduced; the piston prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is relatively high in strength and modulus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of piston processing, and in particular to a piston production and processing method. Background Art

[0002] The piston rod is a connecting component that supports the piston to do work. Most of them are used in oil cylinders and cylinder motion actuators. It is a moving component with frequent movements and high technical requirements. As a component that moves frequently, the lubrication, fatigue resistance and wear resistance of the piston rod have a crucial impact on the service life of the piston rod. The existing piston rod processing technology cannot simultaneously meet the three requirements of lubrication, fatigue resistance and wear resistance, resulting in a low service life of the piston rod. The piston in the engine can be mainly divided into three parts: the piston top, the piston head and the piston skirt. The main function of the piston is to withstand the combustion pressure in the cylinder and transmit this force to the crankshaft through the piston pin and the connecting rod. The piston top is a component of the combustion chamber, so it is often made into different shapes. The top of the gasoline engine piston is mostly flat or concave, so that the combustion chamber structure is compact, the heat dissipation area is small, and the manufacturing process is simple. The piston head is the part above the piston pin seat. The piston head is equipped with a piston ring to prevent high-temperature and high-pressure gas from entering the crankcase and prevent engine oil from entering the combustion chamber. All parts below the piston ring groove are called piston skirts. Its function is to guide the piston to reciprocate in the cylinder and withstand side pressure. Currently, forging is the mainstream processing method for pistons. Because pistons come in a variety of sizes and shapes, a variety of forging dies are required. In addition, different pistons also require different operations when they are subsequently reshaped, resulting in higher labor costs for piston processing and lower piston processing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a piston production and processing method.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a piston production and processing method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, selecting suitable metal raw materials and smelting them in a certain proportion to obtain molten metal; Step 2, pouring the molten metal into a molding die to obtain a round rod-shaped piston blank; Step 3, placing the piston blank into a shaping die, and forging the piston blank by a hot forging machine to obtain a piston preform; Step 4, heat treating the piston preform for a period of time, and then cooling the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to a suitable temperature; Step 5, performing metal processing on the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to obtain a piston semi-finished product; Step 6, performing surface treatment on the semi-finished piston to obtain a finished piston; Step 7, testing the piston finished product that has completed the surface treatment, and sending the piston finished product that has passed the test to the finished product warehouse; Step 8: Repair the unqualified piston product. If it cannot be repaired, return it to the furnace for smelting.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the smelting comprises the following steps: Step 11: The metal raw material is aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot and smelting additives are smelted in a furnace at 750-800° C. until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the smelting comprises the following steps: Step 12, the metal raw materials are aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products, which are fed into a furnace at a ratio of 4-5:1 and smelted with smelting additives at 780-850°C in the furnace until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the heat treatment comprises the following steps: Step 41, heating the piston preform to 250-300° C. in a tempering furnace; Step 42, cooling the piston preform to 100-150° C.; Step 43, put it into an incubator and keep it warm for 1-2 hours; Step 44, heating the piston preform in a tempering furnace to 200-250° C.; Step 45, put it into an incubator and keep it warm for 5-7 hours; Step 46: Finally, the piston preform is taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the gold processing comprises the following steps: Step 51, fixing the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment by a lathe fixture, and then cutting the piston preform by a lathe tool to obtain a piston collar; Step 52, fix the piston preform by a fixture of a drilling machine, and then process the pin hole seat eye of the piston preform by a double drill bit drilling machine to obtain the pin hole seat eye.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the surface treatment comprises the following steps: Step 61, using grinders of different levels to sequentially perform overall rough grinding, outer cylindrical rough grinding and fine grinding operations on the piston semi-finished product, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.5-0.7 μm; Step 62, degreasing the piston semi-finished product after fine grinding; Step 63: The piston semi-finished product is then polished after degreasing, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.35 μm.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the detection comprises the following steps: Step 71: A worker visually inspects the piston products to obtain qualified piston products and unqualified piston products. Step 72, the piston finished product that has passed the rough inspection is subjected to fine inspection by an optical detector to obtain the piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection and the piston finished products that have failed the fine inspection. The piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection are sent to the finished product warehouse.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The process arrangement of the processing method is reasonable and appropriate, which can effectively reduce manpower and equipment resources, improve production efficiency and reduce costs; 2. Unqualified pistons can be repaired or recycled, thereby reducing costs; 3. The piston prepared by the method of the present invention has high strength and modulus. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the processing method steps of the present invention; Figure 2 is a flow chart of the smelting steps of the present invention; Figure 3 is a flow chart of the heat treatment steps of the present invention; Figure 4 is a flow chart of the gold processing steps of the present invention; Figure 5 is a flow chart of the surface treatment steps of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a flow chart of the detection steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0014] In the drawings, the same reference numerals all refer to the same components.

[0015] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a piston production and processing method, comprising the following steps: Select appropriate metal raw materials and smelt them in a certain proportion to obtain molten metal; In this step: the metal raw material can be a finished metal ingot or a recycled unqualified piston. When the metal raw material is smelted, other additives required for piston production are added to the furnace and mixed with the metal raw material to obtain molten metal.

[0016] The molten metal is poured into a molding die to obtain a round rod-shaped piston blank; In this step: the shaping mold can be a mold with a customized size according to the piston requirements, and the piston blank obtained by the customized mold has higher precision; it can also be a universal mold to obtain a long rod-shaped piston blank, which is then sheared by a shearing machine to obtain a suitable length.

[0017] The piston blank is placed in a forming die, and the piston blank is forged by a hot forging machine to obtain a piston preform; In this step: the piston blank is forged into the desired piston shape by a hot forging machine in conjunction with a shaping die.

[0018] Performing heat treatment on the piston preform for a period of time, and then cooling the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to a suitable temperature; Performing metal processing on the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to obtain a piston semi-finished product; In this step, the piston preform is subjected to cutting, punching and other operations to obtain the collar and pin hole seat of the piston.

[0019] Performing surface treatment on the semi-finished piston to obtain a finished piston; Testing the piston finished products that have completed the surface treatment, and sending the piston finished products that have passed the test to the finished product warehouse; The piston products that fail the inspection are repaired, and if they cannot be repaired, they are returned to the furnace for smelting.

[0020] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw material is aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot and smelting additives are smelted in a furnace at 800° C. until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0021] In this step: the finished aluminum ingot and other required additives are sent into a furnace for smelting at 800°C until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0022] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw materials are aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products. The aluminum ingots and the unqualified piston products are fed into the furnace in a ratio of 5:1 and smelted with smelting additives in the furnace at 850°C until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0023] In this step: the aluminum ingot and the unqualified piston finished product are sent to the furnace in a ratio of 5:1. Because the unqualified piston finished product undergoes subsequent processing, if the ratio is too high, it will affect the quality of the piston obtained by subsequent processing.

[0024] Further, the heat treatment comprises the following steps: The piston preform is heated to 300° C. in a tempering furnace; Cooling the piston preform to 150° C. Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 2 hours; Then, the piston preform is heated to 250° C. in a tempering furnace; Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 7 hours; Finally, the piston preform is taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0025] Further, the gold processing comprises the following steps: Fixing the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment by a lathe fixture, and then cutting the piston preform by a lathe tool to obtain a piston collar; The piston preform is fixed by a fixture of a drilling machine, and then the pin hole seat eye of the piston preform is processed by a double-drill drilling machine to obtain the pin hole seat eye.

[0026] Furthermore, the surface treatment comprises the following steps: The piston semi-finished product is subjected to overall rough grinding, outer cylindrical rough grinding and fine grinding in sequence by using grinders of different levels, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.7μm; Degreasing the piston semi-finished product after fine grinding; Then, the piston semi-finished product is polished after degreasing, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.35 μm.

[0027] Further, the detection comprises the following steps: The worker performs a rough inspection on the piston finished product by naked eyes, and obtains the piston finished product that passes the rough inspection and the piston finished product that fails the rough inspection; The piston finished products that have passed the rough inspection are subjected to fine inspection by an optical detector to obtain the piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection and the piston finished products that have failed the fine inspection. The piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection are sent to the finished product warehouse.

[0028] Embodiment 2: like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a piston production and processing method, comprising the following steps: Select appropriate metal raw materials and smelt them in a certain proportion to obtain molten metal; The molten metal is poured into a molding die to obtain a round rod-shaped piston blank; The piston blank is placed in a forming die, and the piston blank is forged by a hot forging machine to obtain a piston preform; Performing heat treatment on the piston preform for a period of time, and then cooling the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to a suitable temperature; Performing metal processing on the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to obtain a piston semi-finished product; Performing surface treatment on the semi-finished piston to obtain a finished piston; Testing the piston finished products that have completed the surface treatment, and sending the piston finished products that have passed the test to the finished product warehouse; The piston products that fail the inspection are repaired, and if they cannot be repaired, they are returned to the furnace for smelting.

[0029] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw material is aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot and smelting additives are smelted in a furnace at 750° C. until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0030] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw materials are aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products. The aluminum ingots and the unqualified piston products are fed into the furnace in a ratio of 4:1 and smelted with smelting additives in the furnace at 780°C until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0031] Further, the heat treatment comprises the following steps: The piston preform is heated to 250° C. in a tempering furnace; Cooling the piston preform to 100° C. Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 1 hour; Then, the piston preform is heated to 200° C. in a tempering furnace; Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 5 hours; Finally, the piston preform is taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0032] Further, the gold processing comprises the following steps: Fixing the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment by a lathe fixture, and then cutting the piston preform by a lathe tool to obtain a piston collar; The piston preform is fixed by a fixture of a drilling machine, and then the pin hole seat eye of the piston preform is processed by a double-drill drilling machine to obtain the pin hole seat eye.

[0033] Furthermore, the surface treatment comprises the following steps: The piston semi-finished product is subjected to overall rough grinding, outer cylindrical rough grinding and fine grinding in sequence by using grinders of different levels, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.5μm; Degreasing the piston semi-finished product after fine grinding; Then, the piston semi-finished product is polished after degreasing, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.35 μm.

[0034] Further, the detection comprises the following steps: The worker performs a rough inspection on the piston finished product by naked eyes, and obtains the piston finished product that passes the rough inspection and the piston finished product that fails the rough inspection; The piston finished products that have passed the rough inspection are subjected to fine inspection by an optical detector to obtain the piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection and the piston finished products that have failed the fine inspection. The piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection are sent to the finished product warehouse.

[0035] Embodiment 3: like Figure 1-6 As shown, the present invention provides a piston production and processing method, comprising the following steps: Select appropriate metal raw materials and smelt them in a certain proportion to obtain molten metal; The molten metal is poured into a molding die to obtain a round rod-shaped piston blank; The piston blank is placed in a forming die, and the piston blank is forged by a hot forging machine to obtain a piston preform; Performing heat treatment on the piston preform for a period of time, and then cooling the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to a suitable temperature; Performing metal processing on the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to obtain a piston semi-finished product; Performing surface treatment on the semi-finished piston to obtain a finished piston; Testing the piston finished products that have completed the surface treatment, and sending the piston finished products that have passed the test to the finished product warehouse; The piston products that fail the inspection are repaired, and if they cannot be repaired, they are returned to the furnace for smelting.

[0036] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw material is aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot and smelting additives are smelted in a furnace at 780° C. until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0037] Further, the smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw materials are aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products. The aluminum ingots and the unqualified piston products are fed into the furnace at a ratio of 4.5:1, and are smelted with smelting additives in the furnace at 820°C until aluminum liquid is obtained.

[0038] Further, the heat treatment comprises the following steps: The piston preform is heated to 270° C. in a tempering furnace; Cooling the piston preform to 120° C. Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 2 hours; Then, the piston preform is heated to 230° C. in a tempering furnace; Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 6 hours; Finally, the piston preform is taken out and cooled to room temperature.

[0039] Further, the gold processing comprises the following steps: Fixing the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment by a lathe fixture, and then cutting the piston preform by a lathe tool to obtain a piston collar; The piston preform is fixed by a fixture of a drilling machine, and then the pin hole seat eye of the piston preform is processed by a double-drill drilling machine to obtain the pin hole seat eye.

[0040] Furthermore, the surface treatment comprises the following steps: The piston semi-finished product is subjected to overall rough grinding, outer cylindrical rough grinding and fine grinding in sequence by using grinders of different levels, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.6μm; Degreasing the piston semi-finished product after fine grinding; Then, the piston semi-finished product is polished after degreasing, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.35 μm.

[0041] Further, the detection comprises the following steps: The worker performs a rough inspection on the piston finished product by naked eyes, and obtains the piston finished product that passes the rough inspection and the piston finished product that fails the rough inspection; The piston finished products that have passed the rough inspection are subjected to fine inspection by an optical detector to obtain the piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection and the piston finished products that have failed the fine inspection. The piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection are sent to the finished product warehouse.

[0042] The present invention relates to a piston production and processing method. The process arrangement of the processing method is reasonable and appropriate, which can effectively reduce manpower and equipment resources, improve production efficiency and reduce costs. Unqualified pistons can be repaired or recycled, thereby reducing costs. The piston prepared by the method of the present invention has high strength and modulus.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A piston production and processing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select appropriate metal raw materials and smelt them in a certain proportion to obtain molten metal; The molten metal is poured into a molding die to obtain a round rod-shaped piston blank; The piston blank is placed in a forming die, and the piston blank is forged by a hot forging machine to obtain a piston preform; Performing heat treatment on the piston preform for a period of time, and then cooling the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to a suitable temperature; Performing metal processing on the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment to obtain a piston semi-finished product; Performing surface treatment on the semi-finished piston to obtain a finished piston; Testing the piston finished products that have completed the surface treatment, and sending the piston finished products that have passed the test to the finished product warehouse; The piston products that fail the inspection are repaired, and if they cannot be repaired, they are returned to the furnace for smelting.

2. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw material is aluminum ingot, and the aluminum ingot and smelting additives are smelted in a furnace at 750-800° C. until aluminum liquid is obtained.

3. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting comprises the following steps: The metal raw materials are aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products. The aluminum ingots and unqualified piston products are fed into the furnace in a ratio of 4-5:1 and smelted with smelting additives in the furnace at 780-850°C until aluminum liquid is obtained.

4. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat treatment comprises the following steps: The piston preform is heated to 250-300° C. in a tempering furnace; Cooling the piston preform to 100-150° C.; Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 1-2 hours; Then, the piston preform is heated to 200-250° C. in a tempering furnace; Then put it in an incubator and keep it warm for 5-7 hours; Finally, the piston preform is taken out and cooled to room temperature.

5. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gold processing comprises the following steps: Fixing the piston preform that has completed the heat treatment by a lathe fixture, and then cutting the piston preform by a lathe tool to obtain a piston collar; The piston preform is fixed by a fixture of a drilling machine, and then the pin hole seat eye of the piston preform is processed by a double-drill drilling machine to obtain the pin hole seat eye.

6. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface treatment comprises the following steps: The piston semi-finished product is subjected to overall rough grinding, outer cylindrical rough grinding and fine grinding in sequence by using grinders of different levels, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.5-0.7μm; Degreasing the piston semi-finished product after fine grinding; Then, the piston semi-finished product is polished after degreasing, so that the surface roughness of the piston semi-finished product is Ra0.35 μm.

7. A piston production and processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection comprises the following steps: The worker performs a rough inspection on the piston finished product by naked eyes, and obtains the piston finished product that passes the rough inspection and the piston finished product that fails the rough inspection; The piston finished products that have passed the rough inspection are subjected to fine inspection by an optical detector to obtain the piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection and the piston finished products that have failed the fine inspection. The piston finished products that have passed the fine inspection are sent to the finished product warehouse.

Images