Satellite air transportation packaging box hoisting and loading method and hoisting tool

Abstract

The invention provides a satellite air transportation packaging box hoisting and loading method and a hoisting tool. The method comprises a lever type hoisting method and a pulley type hoisting method. A lifting appliance of the lever type lifting method is composed of a lever type lifting appliance body and a packaging box annular lifting point installed on a packaging box. The lever type lifting appliance and the annular lifting point of the packaging box are in a hinge connection form; two airplane lifting hooks are respectively mounted on one lever type lifting appliance, and the distances from the two airplane lifting hooks to an annular lifting point of the packaging box are equal; a lifting appliance of the pulley type lifting method is composed of a flexible lifting belt, a pulley device and a pulley base installed on a packaging box. Each lifting appliance is provided with two airplane lifting hooks, and the center distance of the two ends of the flexible lifting belt is the same as the center distance of the two airplane lifting hooks connected with the flexible lifting belt. The lifting method and the matched lifting appliance have the beneficial effects that the problem of limitation of existing conditions can be effectively solved, the lifting and loading capacity of the airplane is improved, the four independent lifting hooks of the airplane can conduct lifting according to the preset load, and the lifting and loading capacity of the airplane is improved by 30% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of transportation and hoisting of satellite air transport packaging boxes, and in particular relates to a method and a hoisting device for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box. Background Art

[0002] After the satellite is assembled, it needs to be transported from the production site to the launch site. The modes of transportation include road transport, rail transport, shipping, and air transport. Air transport has the advantages of being fast, efficient, and having a controllable transportation environment. It is one of the main modes of transporting satellites from the assembly plant to the launch site. Before and after the air transport of satellite packaging boxes, loading and unloading operations are involved. Generally, aircraft loading and unloading operations can be achieved by towing and towing, using the aircraft's own overhead crane for lifting, etc. The following article takes the loading operation process as an example to explain, and the unloading operation is the reverse process of the loading operation.

[0003] When using the traction and dragging method for installation, it is necessary to use a variety of aircraft ground support equipment such as ground cranes and cargo loaders (with lifting platforms) to work together; the operation process is: first use a crane to lift the packaging box from the transport vehicle to the lifting platform, then use the lifting platform to raise the packaging box to the same level as the cabin floor, and finally use the aircraft's own equipment to pull the packaging box to the inside of the cabin; this installation method involves the coordination of multiple equipment, the operation process is long, and the operation is relatively complicated. When using the hoisting method for installation, no other aircraft ground support equipment is required; the operation process is: first adjust the packaging box transport vehicle to the coverage range of the aircraft crane hook, and then use the aircraft crane to directly lift the packaging box, and then the packaging box can be hoisted into the aircraft; this installation method has a short operation process and is simple to operate. Therefore, when installing satellite air transport packaging boxes, the hoisting installation method is mainly used.

[0004] The use of the aircraft's own overhead crane for installation during air transport is simple and efficient, but the lifting and installation needs to meet the rated load limit of the aircraft overhead crane. Generally, the transport aircraft has 4 independently controllable overhead crane hooks. Assuming that the rated load of a single hook is n kg, during the aircraft lifting and loading process, the load of any hook shall not exceed n kg. If the four hooks of the aircraft are evenly loaded, theoretically, the aircraft lifting and loading can achieve a maximum value of 4n kg; but in actual operation, each hook of the aircraft is an independently operable device. During manual operation, it is impossible to achieve complete synchronous movement of any two hooks. There will be a situation where only 3 of the 4 hooks are loaded. Therefore, the maximum load of the aircraft lifting is required to be controlled within 3n kg. Under this condition, the maximum loading capacity of the aircraft lifting is only 75% of the total overhead crane lifting capacity, which greatly limits the aircraft lifting and loading capacity. For large satellite air transport packaging boxes, their mass is large, often exceeding 3n kg, which makes them unable to be transported by air. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method and a lifting device for lifting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box to solve at least one problem existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box, including a lever-type hoisting method and a pulley-type hoisting method;

[0008] The lever type lifting method comprises:

[0009] Based on the lifting principle, the lifting device of the lever lifting method consists of a lever lifting device and a packaging box ring lifting point installed on the packaging box;

[0010] The lever-type sling and the ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box are hingedly connected;

[0011] Two aircraft hooks are installed on a lever-type lifting device, and the distances between the two aircraft hooks and the ring-shaped lifting points of the packaging box are equal;

[0012] Ensure that the forces on the aircraft hooks connected at both ends of the lever-type sling are always equal;

[0013] The pulley type lifting method comprises:

[0014] Based on the lifting principle, the lifting device of the pulley lifting method consists of a flexible lifting belt, a pulley device and a pulley seat installed on the packaging box;

[0015] Two aircraft hooks are respectively connected to flexible slings passing through the pulley device;

[0016] Ensure that the forces on the aircraft hooks connected at both ends of the flexible sling are always equal.

[0017] Furthermore, the hoisting principle includes:

[0018] Define the total weight of the packaging box as G, and the pulling forces on the four aircraft hooks are F1, F2, F3, and F4 respectively. Use the above-mentioned lever-type lifting method and pulley-type lifting method to ensure that F1 and F2 are always equal. According to the force balance and moment balance relationship, the pulling forces on each hook are calculated as:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, L1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook a and the aircraft hook b; L2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook c and the aircraft hook d;

[0021] W1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook a and the aircraft hook d; W2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook b and the aircraft hook c;

[0022] When the packaging box is designed, its center of mass is located at the geometric center, so the above method can ensure that the four hooks are evenly stressed.

[0023] In a second aspect, based on the same concept, the present invention also provides a satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading machine sling;

[0024] A satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and installation sling, comprising a lever-type sling and a pulley-type sling, wherein the lever-type sling is a beam-type sling, comprising a load-bearing beam, a sub-slinging ring, a pin shaft, a main lifting ring and a ring-shaped lifting point for the packaging box, wherein the main lifting ring is installed at the center of the lower part of the load-bearing beam; two sub-slinging rings are symmetrically installed at both ends of the upper part of the load-bearing beam, and two aircraft hooks of the aircraft are respectively connected to the two sub-slinging rings on the lever-type sling, and the center distance g of the two sub-slinging rings is equal to the center distance g of the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft; the ring-shaped lifting point for the packaging box is connected to the lifted packaging box and is installed at the geometric center of the lifting surface of the lifted packaging box; the ring-shaped lifting point for the packaging box is hinged with the main lifting ring of the load-bearing beam through a pin shaft;

[0025] The pulley type sling comprises a left pulley, a right pulley and a flexible sling. The left pulley and the right pulley have the same structure and are symmetrical parts. The left pulley and the right pulley are centrally symmetrically installed on the hoisted packaging box; the two ends of the flexible sling pass through the upper part of the left pulley and the right pulley.

[0026] Furthermore, the lever-type lifting device further comprises a left ball pad and a right ball pad, the middle of the main lifting ring can accommodate the annular lifting point of the packaging box, the left ball pad and the right ball pad, and the annular lifting point of the packaging box, the left ball pad and the right ball pad are hinged by a pin shaft;

[0027] The cross section of the main lifting ring is a gate-shaped structure, and the inner spherical surface coaxial with the pin shaft is processed on both sides of the main lifting ring;

[0028] The diameters of the left ball pad, the right ball pad and the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring are the same or similar;

[0029] A gap is left between the pin shaft and the pin hole of the main lifting ring, so that the pin shaft can be tilted at an angle inside the pin hole.

[0030] Furthermore, the center distance e of the two ends of the flexible sling extending from the left pulley and the right pulley of the pulley type sling is the same as the center distance of the aircraft hook.

[0031] Furthermore, the left pulley includes a fixed seat, a pulley shaft, a pulley member, a sling guide ring and a sling stopper, wherein the fixed seat is connected to the pulley shaft; the pulley member is mounted to the pulley shaft, the sling guide ring is mounted above the pulley member, and the sling stopper is mounted outside the pulley member;

[0032] The left pulley and the right pulley have the same structure.

[0033] Furthermore, the left pulley also includes an adjusting screw, a compression spring and a limit plate. A limit plate is provided on the outside of the pulley member. The sling limit member is installed to the limit plate through the adjusting screw, and a compression spring is provided between the adjusting screw and the limit plate.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and installation method and hoisting device described in the present invention have the following advantages:

[0035] (1) The satellite air transport packaging box lifting and installation method and lifting equipment described in the present invention can effectively solve the limitations of existing conditions, expand the aircraft lifting and loading capacity, and enable the four independent hooks of the aircraft to be lifted according to the predetermined load respectively, so that the aircraft lifting and loading capacity is increased by more than 30%. In addition, the present invention can also realize the uniform distribution of the aircraft hook load to ensure that it is not overloaded. Due to the lifting equipment structure setting of the present application, the aircraft hook can also be protected, thereby extending the service life of the aircraft hook.

[0036] (2) The present invention can be applied not only to the aircraft hoisting of satellite air transport packaging boxes, but also to the aircraft hoisting of other large-mass equipment. The hoisting method and hoisting device involved can also be extended to various other hoisting occasions, which greatly increases the practicality of the present application and is suitable for promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the lever-type lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the pulley type lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the lifting mechanics according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lever-type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic side view of the lever-type sling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a partial side view schematic diagram of the lever type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a lever-type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention (the sling beam is in a completely horizontal slinging state);

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view of a lever-type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention (sling beam slightly tilted hoisting state);

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a force diagram of the lever type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pulley type sling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the movement direction of the sling according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the left pulley structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.13 It is a front view schematic diagram of the left pulley structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.14 It is a schematic side view of the left pulley structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Description of reference numerals:

[0053] 1. Lever-type sling; 2. Ring-shaped lifting point for packaging box; 3. Pulley device; 4. Pulley seat; 5. Load-bearing beam; 6. Branch lifting ring; 7. Pin shaft; 8. Main lifting ring; 9. Lifting point for packaging box; 10. Lifted packaging box; 11. Right ball pad; 12. Left ball pad; 13. Left pulley; 14. Right pulley; 15. Flexible sling; 16. Lifted packaging box; 17. Fixed seat; 18. Pulley shaft; 19. Pulley piece; 20. Sling guide ring; 21. Sling limiter; 22. Adjusting screw; 23. Compression spring; 24. Limiting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0057] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0058] like Figures 1 to 14 As shown, the satellite air transport packaging box lifting and installation method includes a lever type lifting method and a pulley type lifting method.

[0059] 1. Hoisting method

[0060] (1) Lever lifting method

[0061] Lever lifting method Figure 1 As shown, it is composed of a lever-type sling 1 and a packaging box ring-shaped sling point 2 installed on the packaging box, and the lever-type sling 1 and the packaging box ring-shaped sling point 2 are hingedly connected. Two aircraft hooks (i.e., aircraft hooks) are respectively installed on one lever-type sling 1, and the distances between the two aircraft hooks and the packaging box ring-shaped sling point 2 are equal. The friction torque at the packaging box ring-shaped sling point 2 can be ignored, thereby ensuring that the forces on the two aircraft hooks on the same lever-type sling 1 are always equal.

[0062] (2) Pulley lifting method

[0063] Pulley lifting method Figure 2As shown, it is composed of a flexible sling 15, a pulley device 3 and a pulley seat 4 installed on the packaging box. Two aircraft hooks (i.e. aircraft overhead crane hooks) are installed on each sling, and the flexible sling 15 passes through the two pulley devices 3. The friction torque on the pulleys of the pulley device 3 can be ignored, thereby ensuring that the forces on the two aircraft hooks on the same flexible sling 15 are always equal.

[0064] (3) Lifting principle

[0065] The schematic diagram of the lifting mechanics of the lever lifting method and the pulley lifting method is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the total weight of the packaging box is G, and the pulling forces on the four hooks are F1, F2, F3, and F4 respectively. The above two lifting methods can ensure that F1 and F2 are always equal. According to the relationship between force balance and moment balance, the pulling forces on each hook can be calculated as:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, L1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting aircraft hook a and aircraft hook b; L2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting aircraft hook c and aircraft hook d; W1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting aircraft hook a and aircraft hook d; W2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting aircraft hook b and aircraft hook c.

[0068] When designing a packaging box, it is generally ensured that the center of mass is located at the geometric center. Therefore, the method of the present invention can ensure that the four hooks are evenly stressed, thereby improving the loading and lifting capacity of the aircraft.

[0069] Satellite air transport packaging box lifting and installation slings, including lever type slings and pulley type slings.

[0070] 2. Lever type spreader

[0071] The lever type sling is a beam type sling, and its structure is as follows Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown. The lever-type sling 1 is mainly composed of a load-bearing beam 5, a branch lifting ring 6, a pin 7, a main lifting ring 8 and a ring-shaped lifting point 2 for a packaging box installed on a packaging box 10 to be lifted (i.e., the packaging box 16 to be lifted hereinafter). The load-bearing beam 5 is the load-bearing component of the main body of the sling; the main lifting ring 8 is installed at the center of the lower part of the load-bearing beam 5; two branch lifting rings 6 are symmetrically installed at both ends of the upper part, and the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft are respectively connected to the two branch lifting rings 6 on the lever-type sling, and the center distance g of the two branch lifting rings 6 is equal to the center distance g of the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft; the ring-shaped lifting point 2 for a packaging box is connected to the packaging box 10 to be lifted, and is installed at the geometric center of the lifting surface of the packaging box 10 to be lifted; the ring-shaped lifting point 2 for a packaging box is hinged to the main lifting ring 8 of the load-bearing beam 5 through a pin 7.

[0072] The cross-sectional view of the main lifting ring of the lever type sling is as follows: Figure 6-Figure 8As shown. The middle of the main lifting ring 8 can accommodate the packaging box annular lifting point 2, the right ball pad 11, and the left ball pad 12, which are hinged by the pin 7. The cross section of the main lifting ring 8 is a gate-shaped structure, and the inner spherical surface coaxial with the pin 7 is processed on both sides of its interior. The right ball pad 11 and the left ball pad 12 have the same or similar diameter as the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring 8, and their matching tolerance is controlled to ensure that the ball pads can roll relative to the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring 8 in multiple directions. A large gap is left between the pin 7 and the pin hole of the main lifting ring 8 to ensure that the pin 7 can tilt at a certain angle inside the pin hole.

[0073] The working conditions for lifting the packaging boxes loaded on the aircraft are:

[0074] (1) The packaging box lifting point 9 is fixedly connected to the packaging box body, and the position is as follows Figure 4 If the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft are connected to the packaging box lifting point 9 instead of the sub-lifting ring 6 of the lever-type sling, when the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft are in inconsistent positions during operation, the problem of different lifting forces of the aircraft hooks will occur.

[0075] (2) Since the positions of the aircraft hooks cannot be completely consistent, if the main lifting ring 8 of the lifting beam is directly used to connect with the annular lifting point 2 of the packaging box, the lifting beam will have a certain tilt angle relative to the annular lifting point 2 of the packaging box during the lifting process. Therefore, it is necessary to reserve a sufficient gap between the main lifting ring 8 of the lifting beam and the annular lifting point 2 of the packaging box. The gap can accommodate the relative tilting movement of the two. After the gap is reserved, when the annular lifting point 2 of the packaging box moves inside the main lifting ring 8, its geometric center will be relatively offset from the geometric center of the lifting beam, and it cannot be guaranteed that the dimensions between the two sub-lifting rings 6 on the lifting beam and the annular lifting point 2 of the packaging box are equal.

[0076] (3) During the lifting process of the packaging box, the main lifting ring 8, the pin shaft 7, and the ring-shaped lifting point 2 of the packaging box are relatively inclined, resulting in line contact. During the lifting process, stress will be applied to the line contact position, causing stress concentration in the lifting equipment.

[0077] The lever-type sling has the following characteristics during use:

[0078] (1) The center distance g of the sub-hooks 6 is the same as the center distance of the aircraft hooks, which can ensure the vertical force of the aircraft overhead crane during the lifting process and maximize the load of the aircraft overhead crane.

[0079] (2) The right ball pad 11 and the left ball pad 12 are positioned so that the ring-shaped lifting point 2 of the packaging box is always in the center of the two branch lifting rings 8 of the lifting beam, ensuring that the loads of the hooks at both ends of the lifting beam are always equal, that is, Fig. 9 As shown, L5=L6, which can ensure F5=F6=N / 2.

[0080] (3) There should be enough clearance between the main lifting ring 8, the packaging box annular lifting point 2 and the pin 7, allowing a certain angle between the pin 7 and the lifting ring hole during the lifting process.

[0081] (4) The right ball pad 11 and the left ball pad 12 are made of self-lubricating material and have a small friction coefficient with the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring 8, thereby ensuring that the lifting device can be used and rotated flexibly.

[0082] (5) When the pin shaft 7 is tilted relative to the lifting hole, there is a line contact structure between the pin shaft 7 and the lifting hole, and the local force on the sling is relatively large; the structure of the right ball pad 11 and the left ball pad 12 is adopted, and the left and right ball pads 11 are in surface contact with the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring 8. During the lifting process, the surface contact force is more uniform, which can prevent the local stress concentration damage of the sling.

[0083] 3. Pulley type lifting device

[0084] The structure of pulley sling is as follows: Fig.10 As shown. The pulley type hoist consists of a left pulley 13, a right pulley 14, and a flexible sling 15. The left pulley 13 and the right pulley 14 have the same structure and are symmetrical parts. The left pulley 13 and the right pulley 14 are centrally symmetrically installed on the hoisted packaging box 16 (i.e., the hoisted packaging box 10). The flexible sling 15 is installed in the pulley groove from the lower side and outer side of the left pulley 13 and the right pulley 14, and the two ends of the flexible sling 15 pass through the upper part of the pulley. The flexible sling 15 can move freely in the pulley along the rolling direction of the pulley, such as Fig.11 As shown, after the flexible sling 15 is installed, if a certain load F7, F8 is applied at both ends, the sling can move freely along the load direction. The center distance e of the two ends of the flexible sling 15 passing through the pulley is the same as the center distance of the aircraft hook.

[0085] The left pulley 13 and the right pulley 14 have the same structure, and the left pulley 13 is taken as an example for explanation. Figure 12-14 As shown, it is mainly composed of a fixing seat 17, a pulley shaft 18, a pulley member 19, a sling guide ring 20, a sling stopper 21, etc. The fixing seat 17 is connected to the pulley shaft 18. The pulley shaft 18 is designed with a boss, a front thread, a cotter pin hole and other structures. After the pulley member 19 is installed on the pulley shaft 18, a nut and a cotter pin are used for positioning, so that the pulley member 19 can rotate axially on the pulley shaft 18 and can be reliably positioned without falling off.

[0086] The sling guide ring 20 is installed above the pulley member 19, at the exit position where the flexible sling 15 is wound around the pulley member 19, to guide the direction of the flexible sling 15; when the aircraft hook and the pulley device are not completely aligned during lifting, the flexible sling 15 will tilt relative to the pulley member 19, creating a risk of falling out of the pulley member 19; after the sling guide ring 20 is installed, the tilted flexible sling 15 can always be aligned with the pulley groove through the sling guide ring 20, ensuring that the flexible sling 15 does not fall out of the pulley member 19.

[0087] A group of sling limiters 21 are installed below and outside the pulley device, respectively. The sling limiters 21 have the following characteristics: (1) The limiter 24 of the sling limiter 21 is in line contact with the pulley member 19 under the action of the compression spring 23; (2) By adjusting the adjusting screw 22 outward (in the radial direction of the pulley member 19), the limiter 24 can be separated from the pulley member 19, which is convenient for loading and unloading the flexible sling 15; (3) The limiter 24 is in line contact with the pulley member 19, and its friction force is small. In the process of limiting the flexible sling 15 from falling out, it does not affect the circumferential rolling of the pulley member 19 along the pulley shaft 18. The function of the sling limiter 21 is to limit the sling from coming out of the pulley 19 when it is not under stress. When the flexible sling 15 is not under stress or the lifting state is being adjusted, the flexible sling 15 will become loose and easily come out of the pulley 19. The sling limiter 21 can keep the flexible sling 15 in the slide groove of the pulley 19 whether it is under stress or not, so as to ensure the normal use of the sling.

[0088] The hoisting method and matching hoisting device involved in the present invention can effectively solve the limitation problems of existing conditions, expand the aircraft hoisting and loading capacity, and enable the four independent hooks of the aircraft to be hoisted according to the predetermined load respectively, so that the aircraft hoisting and loading capacity is increased by more than 30%. In addition, the present invention can also realize the uniform distribution of the aircraft hook load to ensure that it is not overloaded. Due to the hoisting device structure setting of the present application, the aircraft hook can also be protected, thereby extending the service life of the aircraft hook.

[0089] The present invention can be applied not only to the aircraft hoisting of satellite air transport packaging boxes, but also to the aircraft hoisting of other large-mass equipment. The hoisting method and hoisting device involved can also be extended to various other hoisting occasions, greatly increasing the practicality of the present application and being suitable for promotion.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] 1. Hoisting method

[0092] When a satellite packaging box needs to be transported by air and hoisted for installation, based on the mass and center of mass position of the satellite packaging box, the hoisting method of the present invention is first used to accurately calculate the force values ​​of the four independent overhead crane hooks of the aircraft. This can then determine whether any of the overhead crane hooks will be overloaded during the hoisting process of the satellite packaging box, and whether the satellite packaging box meets the conditions for hoisting and installation on the aircraft.

[0093] 2. Lever type spreader

[0094] Before using the lever-type sling to hoist the packaging box, two lifting points are symmetrically installed at the center of one end face of the packaging box. The center distance between the two lifting points is the same as the center distance between the aircraft crane hooks. The lifting point interface can be adapted to the aircraft crane hook. The packaging box annular lifting point of the present invention is installed at the geometric center of the other end face of the packaging box. The lever-type lifting beam and its matching individual parts are hinged to the annular lifting point of the packaging box using a pin shaft.

[0095] The two crane hooks at one end of the packing box are connected to the lifting points installed on the packing box; the two crane hooks at the other end of the packing box are connected to the two lifting rings on the lever-type lifting device. By controlling the height of the crane hooks, the packing box can be lifted up and down; by controlling the crane hooks to move horizontally along the direction of the aircraft cabin, the packing box can be lifted horizontally; during the operation of the crane, the lifting and horizontal movement of the four hooks should be synchronized as much as possible to ensure smooth lifting.

[0096] 3. Pulley type lifting device

[0097] Before using the pulley sling to lift the packaging box, install two lifting points symmetrically on the center of one end of the packaging box. The center distance between the two lifting points is the same as the center distance between the aircraft crane hooks. The lifting point interface can adapt to the aircraft crane hook. Install the pulley sling on the other end of the packaging box.

[0098] The two crane hooks at one end of the packing box are connected to the lifting points installed on the packing box; the two crane hooks at the other end of the packing box are connected to the lifting rings at both ends of the pulley sling. By controlling the height of the crane hooks, the packing box can be lifted up and down; by controlling the crane hooks to move horizontally along the direction of the aircraft cabin, the packing box can be lifted horizontally; during the operation of the crane, the lifting and horizontal movement of the four hooks should be synchronized as much as possible to ensure smooth lifting.

[0099] 1. The hoisting method of the present invention can increase the total hoisting load of four overhead cranes of an aircraft, and the closer the center of mass of the hoisted packaging box is to the geometric center, the closer the total load is to four times the load of a single overhead crane.

[0100] 2. The lever-type lifting method and the pulley-type lifting method involved in the present invention can ensure that the four overhead crane hooks of the aircraft can all be subjected to force during the lifting of the packaging box, thereby preventing the situation where three of the four overhead cranes of the aircraft are loaded and one is empty.

[0101] 3. When the weight and center of mass of the packaging box to be hoisted are known, the hoisting method mentioned in the present invention can accurately calculate the load-bearing condition of each aircraft overhead crane.

[0102] 4. The lever-type sling involved in the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0103] (1) The center distance g of the lifting beam and the lifting ring is the same as the center distance of the aircraft overhead crane hook, which can ensure the vertical force of the aircraft overhead crane during the lifting process and maximize the load of the aircraft overhead crane.

[0104] (2) The ball pads on the left and right sides of the sling are positioned so that the annular lifting point of the packaging box is always in the center of the two lifting rings of the lifting beam, ensuring that the loads of the two aircraft overhead crane hooks connected to the sling are always equal, that is, Figure 6 As shown, L5=L6, which can ensure F5=F6=N / 2.

[0105] (3) There should be enough clearance between the main lifting ring, the ring lifting point of the packaging box and the pin shaft to allow a certain angle between the pin shaft and the lifting ring hole during the lifting process.

[0106] (4) The left and right ball pads are made of self-lubricating material, which has a small friction coefficient with the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring, ensuring the flexible rotation of the lifting device.

[0107] (5) When the pin is tilted relative to the lifting hole, there is a line contact structure between the pin and the lifting hole, and the local force on the sling is relatively large; the left and right ball pads are used, and the left and right ball pads are in surface contact with the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring. During the lifting process, the surface contact force is more uniform, which can prevent the local stress concentration damage of the sling.

[0108] 5. The pulley type sling involved in the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0109] (1) The fixed base of the pulley type sling is connected to the packaging box. A set of slings includes two sets of pulley devices with symmetrical structures.

[0110] (2) The center distance e of the two ends of the flexible sling matched with the aircraft overhead crane hook is the same as the center distance of the aircraft overhead crane hook, which can ensure the vertical force of the aircraft overhead crane during the lifting process, thereby maximizing the load of the aircraft overhead crane.

[0111] (3) The two crane hooks are connected to the two ends of the pulley sling during the lifting process, and the loads of the two crane hooks are the same.

[0112] (4) When installing a sling guide ring on a pulley-type sling, when the crane hook and the pulley device are not completely aligned during lifting, the sling will tilt relative to the pulley slot, with the risk of slipping off the pulley. The guide ring can keep the tilted sling aligned with the pulley slot at all times, ensuring that the sling does not slip off the pulley.

[0113] (5) The pulley type sling is installed with a sling limiter. Under the action of the compression spring, the limiter of the sling limiter contacts the pulley line. The friction of the contact surface is small and does not affect the circumferential rolling of the pulley.

[0114] (6) A pulley sling can be installed with one or more sets of sling limiters. The function of the sling limiters is to limit the sling from falling out of the pulley when it is not stressed and in a relaxed state.

[0115] (7) The position of the clamping plate of the sling limiter is adjustable. It can be close to the pulley or separated from the pulley. In the separated state, it is convenient for the sling to be installed and removed.

[0116] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box, characterized in that: Including lever lifting method and pulley lifting method; The lever type lifting method comprises: Based on the lifting principle, the lifting device of the lever lifting method consists of a lever lifting device and a packaging box ring lifting point installed on the packaging box; The lever-type sling and the ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box are hingedly connected; Two aircraft hooks are installed on a lever-type lifting device, and the distances between the two aircraft hooks and the ring-shaped lifting points of the packaging box are equal; Ensure that the forces on the aircraft hooks connected at both ends of the lever-type sling are always equal; The pulley type lifting method comprises: Based on the lifting principle, the lifting device of the pulley lifting method consists of a flexible lifting belt, a pulley device and a pulley seat installed on the packaging box; Two aircraft hooks are respectively connected to flexible slings passing through the pulley device; Ensure that the forces on the aircraft hooks connected at both ends of the flexible sling are always equal.

2. The method for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting principle includes: Define the total weight of the packaging box as G, and the pulling forces on the four aircraft hooks are F1, F2, F3, and F4 respectively. Use the above-mentioned lever-type lifting method and pulley-type lifting method to ensure that F1 and F2 are always equal. According to the force balance and moment balance relationship, the pulling forces on each hook are calculated as: Among them, L1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook a and the aircraft hook b; L2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook c and the aircraft hook d; W1 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook a and the aircraft hook d; W2 is the horizontal projection distance from the center of mass to the line connecting the aircraft hook b and the aircraft hook c; When the packaging box is designed, its center of mass is located at the geometric center, so the above method can ensure that the four aircraft hooks are evenly stressed.

3. A hoisting device for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box, applied to the method for hoisting and installing a satellite air transport packaging box according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: It includes a lever-type sling and a pulley-type sling. The lever-type sling is a beam-type sling. The lever-type sling includes a load-bearing beam, a sub-sling ring, a pin shaft, a main lifting ring and a ring-shaped lifting point for a packaging box. The main lifting ring is installed at the center of the lower part of the load-bearing beam; two sub-sling rings are symmetrically installed at both ends of the upper part of the load-bearing beam; two aircraft hooks of the aircraft are respectively connected to the two sub-sling rings on the lever-type sling, and the center distance g of the two sub-sling rings is equal to the center distance g of the two aircraft hooks of the aircraft; the ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box is connected to the lifted packaging box and is installed at the geometric center of the lifting surface of the lifted packaging box; the ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box is hinged with the main lifting ring of the load-bearing beam through a pin shaft; The pulley type sling comprises a left pulley, a right pulley and a flexible sling. The left pulley and the right pulley have the same structure and are symmetrical parts. The left pulley and the right pulley are centrally symmetrically installed on the hoisted packaging box; the two ends of the flexible sling pass through the upper part of the left pulley and the right pulley.

4. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lever-type lifting device also includes a left ball pad and a right ball pad. The middle of the main lifting ring can accommodate the ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box, the left ball pad and the right ball pad. The ring-shaped lifting point of the packaging box, the left ball pad and the right ball pad are hinged by a pin shaft. The cross section of the main lifting ring is a gate-shaped structure, and inner spherical surfaces coaxial with the pin shaft are processed on both sides of the inside of the main lifting ring.

5. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The diameters of the left ball pad, the right ball pad and the inner spherical surface of the main lifting ring are the same or similar.

6. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3 is characterized by: A gap is left between the pin shaft and the pin hole of the main lifting ring, so that the pin shaft can be tilted at an angle inside the pin hole.

7. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The center distance e of the two ends of the flexible sling passing through the left pulley and the right pulley of the pulley type sling is the same as the center distance of the aircraft hook.

8. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The left pulley comprises a fixed seat, a pulley shaft, a pulley member, a sling guide ring and a sling stopper, wherein the fixed seat is connected to the pulley shaft; the pulley member is mounted to the pulley shaft, the sling guide ring is mounted above the pulley member, and the sling stopper is mounted outside the pulley member; The left pulley and the right pulley have the same structure.

9. The satellite air transport packaging box hoisting and loading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The left pulley also includes an adjusting screw, a compression spring and a limiting plate. A limiting plate is provided on the outer side of the pulley member. The sling limiting member is installed to the limiting plate through the adjusting screw, and a compression spring is provided between the adjusting screw and the limiting plate.

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