All-component utilization method of jerusalem artichoke

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-component utilization method of jerusalem artichoke, which comprises the following steps of: extracting the jerusalem artichoke which is cut into strips or crushed by using hot water, performing solid-liquid separation, mixing threonine mother liquor into the obtained jerusalem artichoke residues, drying, crushing to obtain jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed, heating an obtained synanthrin solution, regulating the pH value to 11-13 by using lime milk, separating out filter residues, and drying to obtain the jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed. Introducing carbon dioxide gas to adjust the pH value of the filtrate to be neutral, and separating out filter residues to obtain clear inulin mother liquor; adding the filter residue as a feed additive into the jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed; the inulin mother liquor is sequentially subjected to desalination, decoloration and nanofiltration purification operation, the obtained nanofiltration concentrated solution is subjected to evaporation concentration and spray drying to obtain inulin, the obtained nanofiltration dialysate is subjected to reverse osmosis concentration to obtain syrup with 40%-70% of total sugar, and the syrup is directly used as a raw material to prepare 5-hydroxymethylfurfural HMF. The clean jerusalem artichoke processing technology is constructed, no waste is generated in the whole process, the utilization value of the jerusalem artichoke is improved, and a jerusalem artichoke utilization mode which is high in additional value and environmentally friendly is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke. Background Art

[0002] Jerusalem artichokes can be grown on non-arable land with poor soil conditions due to their excellent stress resistance. Jerusalem artichokes are rich in inulin, which can be used as an excellent carbon source for chemical production, thus building a production process for converting non-grain crops into bio-based materials that "does not compete with the people for grain or land." At present, the main way to utilize Jerusalem artichokes is to extract inulin, which can be directly used in food additives, health products, and medicines. It can also be used as a substrate for fermentation to produce ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, lactic acid, high fructose syrup, etc.

[0003] Jerusalem artichoke will produce a large amount of Jerusalem artichoke residues during inulin extraction. The main treatment method is to directly consume it as feed for ruminants. This method cannot be widely used. The Jerusalem artichoke residue has a water content of about 80%, which is not easy to store. If there is no large amount of ruminant breeding scale in the local area, the Jerusalem artichoke residue cannot be consumed and cannot be transported over long distances. In addition, the Jerusalem artichoke residue utilization method in this way is less economical. Meanwhile, in the inulin purification process, a part of oligosaccharides, fructose, glucose and sucrose syrups will be produced. Since this part of syrup contains sugar, it is convenient for microorganisms to multiply. If it is directly discharged, it will cause pollution to the environment. If it is treated with waste liquid, the production cost of inulin will be increased. After the syrup is concentrated, although the shelf life of the syrup is extended, the use value of the syrup cannot be increased. The two main by-products in the process of extracting inulin from Jerusalem artichoke are not effectively resourced, which increases the cost of inulin and causes the trouble of waste disposal. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke, utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke, drying Jerusalem artichoke residue to make Jerusalem artichoke meal, which can be further processed into mixed feed, and at the same time, converting the syrup produced as a byproduct of inulin extraction into a bio-based platform compound. The two main byproducts produced in the process of preparing Jerusalem artichoke from Jerusalem artichoke are prepared into high value-added products, thereby reducing the cost of inulin, improving the utilization efficiency of Jerusalem artichoke, and constructing a greener inulin extraction process.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke comprises the following steps: cleaning the soil and epidermis on the surface of fresh Jerusalem artichoke tubers, then cutting or crushing the cleaned Jerusalem artichoke, controlling the solid-liquid mass ratio between 1:1 and 1:20 (preferably between 1:2 and 6), adding the cut or crushed Jerusalem artichoke into water, and performing hot water extraction under continuous stirring, controlling the temperature between 60°C and 90°C, adjusting the vacuum degree (the vacuum degree is -0.09 to -0.1 MPa), and making the water have a faster reflux rate during the extraction process. The extraction time is controlled between 30 and 90 minutes. Then, the Jerusalem artichoke residue is separated from the liquid by centrifugation or filter pressing. The Jerusalem artichoke residue is dried in a Jerusalem artichoke residue drying machine, and the water content is controlled to be 10-20%. Then, threonine mother liquor is mixed into the Jerusalem artichoke residue, the mass ratio of the threonine mother liquor to the Jerusalem artichoke meal is between 3:1 and 1:1, and the threonine concentration in the threonine mother liquor is 2-3%. After mixing Jerusalem artichoke meal and threonine evenly, they are dried and crushed again to obtain Jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed. The inulin solution separated from the Jerusalem artichoke residue is heated to 70-90°C, lime milk is added, the pH is adjusted to 11-13, and it is left to stand for 10-60 minutes (preferably 30 minutes). The filter press is performed with a plate and frame filter press to separate the filter residue. Carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the obtained primary filtrate until the pH of the solution system is reduced to neutral. The temperature is maintained between 65 and 85°C, and the temperature is kept still for 30 minutes. The filter press is performed again with a plate and frame filter press to separate the filter residue to obtain a clarified inulin mother liquor. The filter residue produced in the filter press process can be used as a feed additive and added to Jerusalem artichoke-based feed. The inulin solution obtained by the secondary filter press is subjected to resin exchange desalination and decolorization, and the obtained inulin solution is purified by nanofiltration to obtain a nanofiltration dialysis liquid and a nanofiltration concentrate. The nanofiltration concentrate liquid is concentrated by evaporation and spray drying to obtain inulin. The nanofiltration dialyzed liquid is concentrated to a syrup with a total sugar content of 40-70 wt % by reverse osmosis and is directly used as a raw material to prepare 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).

[0007] Furthermore, the reaction steps of preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural HMF using the syrup as a raw material are as follows: using Lewis acid and Bronsted acid with a molar ratio of 0.1-1:1 as a mixed catalyst, mixing the mixed catalyst with the syrup evenly, and the mass concentration of the mixed catalyst in the syrup is 5-10%; placing the syrup mixed with the catalyst in a reactor, adding an organic solvent, the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the syrup is 1-15:1, and performing a conversion reaction at a temperature of 110-180°C for 0.5-4h to obtain a solution containing HMF; after extraction and separation, a crude HMF product and a by-product humic acid are obtained. The by-product humic acid can be subsequently processed into a fertilizer for promoting the growth of Jerusalem artichokes.

[0008] Further, the organic phase solvent includes one or more combinations of 1,4-dioxane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide;

[0009] Further, the Lewis acid includes one or more combinations of copper chloride, magnesium chloride, chromium chloride, vanadium chloride, iron chloride, aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and nickel chloride;

[0010] Furthermore, the Bronsted acid includes one or more combinations of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

[0011] The key technical points of the present invention are:

[0012] 1. Convert all components of Jerusalem artichoke into high value-added products;

[0013] 2. A clean Jerusalem artichoke processing technology has been established, and no waste is generated during the entire process.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1) The method for utilizing the whole components of Jerusalem artichoke constructed by the present invention (see Figure 1 ), in the process of inulin extraction, carbon dioxide is used to replace other inorganic acids. This process is greener and does not produce additional acidic waste liquid. The Jerusalem artichoke residue is dried into Jerusalem artichoke meal and then processed into feed, which can increase the added value of the Jerusalem artichoke residue, and the consumption of the Jerusalem artichoke residue can be separated from the consumption of the local animal husbandry, avoiding the Jerusalem artichoke residue that cannot be consumed by the local animal husbandry from being treated as solid waste. In the process of inulin desalting and decolorization, inulin will be partially hydrolyzed into oligofructose, which has not been fully utilized in traditional processes. Some manufacturers directly treat this part of sugar as waste liquid. The use value of this part of oligofructose can be improved by the present invention, and the waste liquid discharge in the process of inulin production can be reduced. The bio-based platform compound is prepared by chemical catalytic conversion, which further improves the utilization efficiency of carbon in Jerusalem artichoke. Furthermore, the carbon that is not converted into HMF in the HMF preparation process will be converted into humic acid, which can be used to make fertilizer after separation.

[0016] 2) a method for fully utilizing all components in Jerusalem artichoke is developed by the present invention, i.e., the discharge of waste liquid and solid waste in the Jerusalem artichoke utilization process is reduced, a green and low-carbon Jerusalem artichoke utilization process is constructed, and high value-added inulin, Jerusalem artichoke meal feed, HMF and humic acid fertilizer can be obtained. In view of the non-agricultural and non-grain process, the price of Jerusalem artichoke will be increased, and the Jerusalem artichoke utilization method with high efficiency and high added value of the present invention will improve the utilization value of Jerusalem artichoke, and the Jerusalem artichoke full components will be "eaten and squeezed out", thereby constructing a high value-added, green and environmentally friendly Jerusalem artichoke utilization method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow diagram of a method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] Fresh Jerusalem artichokes were cleaned and peeled by a cleaning and peeling machine, and then cut into Jerusalem artichoke strips with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 4-5 mm by a strip cutter. 30 kg of Jerusalem artichoke strips and 60 kg of water were added to a 100 L glass reactor, the water temperature was controlled at about 70° C., stirring was continued for 60 minutes, and extraction was performed at -0.1 MPa, with an inulin extraction rate of 80%. 16 kg of Jerusalem artichoke residue and Jerusalem artichoke syrup were obtained.

[0021] 16 kg of Jerusalem artichoke residue is dried in a drying device at about 160° C. in an air atmosphere. After drying, the moisture content of the Jerusalem artichoke residue is 15%, and a total of 3.7 kg of Jerusalem artichoke meal is obtained. The Jerusalem artichoke meal is placed in a horizontal double-shaft mixer, and 7.4 kg of threonine mother liquor (the mass concentration of threonine in the threonine mother liquor is 2.5%) is mixed in the form of spraying. The evenly mixed Jerusalem artichoke meal is dried at 160° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a high-protein Jerusalem artichoke meal feed.

[0022] Lime milk is added to Jerusalem artichoke syrup, the pH is adjusted to 11, and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 30 minutes. After standing for 30 minutes, the precipitated impurities are separated by plate-frame filter pressing to obtain a primary filtrate. Carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the primary filtrate, the pH of the primary filtrate is adjusted to neutral, the temperature is maintained between 65 and 85° C., the mixture is kept at a constant temperature for 30 minutes, and the filter is pressed again by a plate-frame filter press to obtain a clarified inulin mother liquor after separation of the filter residue. The inulin solution obtained by the secondary filter pressing is subjected to resin exchange desalination and decolorization, and the resin is a combined ion exchange method of a strong acid resin, a strong basic resin and a weak acid resin provided in CN1634997. The obtained inulin solution is purified by nanofiltration to obtain a nanofiltration dialysis liquid and a nanofiltration concentrate. The nanofiltration concentrate is concentrated by evaporation and spray-dried to obtain 2.2 kg of inulin, and the water content is less than 5%.

[0023] The nanofiltration dialyzed liquid was concentrated to 275 g of syrup with a total sugar content of 50% by reverse osmosis, 16.5 g of chromium chloride hexahydrate and 2.75 g of sulfuric acid (mass fraction 98%, the same below) were added, 500 g of 1,4-dioxane was added, and the mixture was converted at 120° C. for 3 h. The HMF yield was 30%, which was calculated based on the total sugar content of the syrup and obtained by the method of Formula 1. After extraction and separation, 22 g of HMF was obtained.

[0024]

[0025] The mother liquor after the reaction is concentrated and dried to obtain 100 g of humic acid aqueous solution, to which 20 g of 5% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 20 g of nonionic surfactant, 20 g of inorganic fertilizer, 20 g of water retaining agent and 20 g of polyacrylate are added and fully mixed to prepare a fertilizer that can be used for saline-alkali land.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] Fresh Jerusalem artichokes were cleaned and peeled with a cleaning and peeling machine, and then mechanically crushed. In a 100L glass reactor, 30kg of the crushed slurry and Jerusalem artichoke residues were added, and 60kg of water was added. The water temperature was controlled at about 80°C, and the mixture was stirred continuously for 45min. The extraction was carried out at -0.1MPa, and the inulin extraction rate was 90%. 14kg of Jerusalem artichoke residues and Jerusalem artichoke syrup were obtained.

[0028] 14 kg of Jerusalem artichoke residue is dried in a drying device at about 160° C. in an air atmosphere. After drying, the Jerusalem artichoke residue has a moisture content of 15%, and a total of 3.0 kg of Jerusalem artichoke meal is obtained. The Jerusalem artichoke meal is placed in a horizontal double-shaft mixer, and 6 kg of threonine mother liquor (the mass concentration of threonine in the threonine mother liquor is 2.5%) is mixed in the form of spraying. The evenly mixed Jerusalem artichoke meal is dried at 160° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a high-protein Jerusalem artichoke meal feed.

[0029] Add lime milk to Jerusalem artichoke syrup, adjust the pH to 12, and stir at 80°C for 30 minutes. After standing for 30 minutes, separate the precipitated impurities by plate and frame filter pressing to obtain a primary filtrate. Pass carbon dioxide gas into the primary filtrate, adjust the pH of the primary filtrate to neutral, maintain the temperature between 65 and 85°C, stand at constant temperature for 30 minutes, filter press again with a plate and frame filter press, and obtain a clarified inulin mother liquor after separating the filter residue. The inulin solution obtained by the secondary filtration is subjected to resin exchange desalination and decolorization, and the obtained inulin solution is purified by nanofiltration to obtain a nanofiltration dialysis liquid and a nanofiltration concentrate. The nanofiltration concentrated liquid is concentrated by evaporation and spray drying to obtain 2.5 kg of inulin with a water content of less than 5%.

[0030] The nanofiltration dialyzed liquid was concentrated to 312 g of syrup with 70% of total sugar by reverse osmosis, 25 g of aluminum chloride hexahydrate and 5 g of phosphoric acid were added, and 700 g of tetrahydrofuran was added. The mixture was converted at 140° C. for 1 h. The HMF yield was 48%, and 51 g of HMF was obtained after extraction and separation.

[0031] The mother liquor after the reaction is concentrated and dried to obtain 80g of humic acid aqueous solution, to which 16g of 5% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 16g of nonionic surfactant, 16g of inorganic fertilizer, 16g of water retaining agent and 16g of polyacrylate are added and mixed thoroughly to prepare a fertilizer that can be used for saline-alkali land.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] Fresh Jerusalem artichokes were cleaned and peeled by a cleaning and peeling machine, and then cut into Jerusalem artichoke strips with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 4-5 mm by a strip cutter. 10 kg of Jerusalem artichoke strips and 60 kg of water were added to a 100 L glass reactor, the water temperature was controlled at about 70° C., stirring was continued for 60 minutes, and extraction was performed at -0.1 MPa, with an inulin extraction rate of 85%. 5 kg of Jerusalem artichoke residue and Jerusalem artichoke syrup were obtained.

[0034] 5 kg of Jerusalem artichoke residue is dried in a drying device at about 160° C. in an air atmosphere. After drying, the Jerusalem artichoke residue has a moisture content of 15%, and a total of 1.2 kg of Jerusalem artichoke meal is obtained. The Jerusalem artichoke meal is placed in a horizontal double-shaft mixer, and mixed with 2.4 kg of threonine mother liquor (the mass concentration of threonine in the threonine mother liquor is 2.5%) in the form of spray, and 100 g of solid after Jerusalem artichoke syrup is filtered, and the evenly mixed Jerusalem artichoke meal is dried at 160° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a Jerusalem artichoke meal feed high in protein and containing calcium.

[0035] Lime milk is added to Jerusalem artichoke syrup, the pH is adjusted to 11, and stirred at 80°C for 30 minutes. After standing for 30 minutes, the precipitated impurities are separated by plate and frame filter pressing to obtain a primary filtrate. Carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the primary filtrate, the pH of the primary filtrate is adjusted to neutral, the temperature is maintained between 65 and 85°C, and the temperature is kept still for 30 minutes, and the plate and frame filter press is used for filter pressing again. After separating the filter residue, a clarified inulin mother liquor is obtained. The inulin solution obtained by the secondary filter pressing is subjected to resin exchange desalination and decolorization, and the obtained inulin solution is purified by nanofiltration to obtain a nanofiltration dialysis liquid and a nanofiltration concentrate. The nanofiltration concentrated liquid is concentrated by evaporation and spray drying to obtain 0.78 kg of inulin with a water content of less than 5%.

[0036] The nanofiltration dialyzed liquid was concentrated to 171 g of syrup with a total sugar content of 40% by reverse osmosis, to which 11.6 g of vanadium tetrachloride and 1.2 g of sulfuric acid were added, and 350 g of DMF was added. The mixture was converted at 130° C. for 2 h, and the HMF yield was 45%. After extraction and separation, 13 g of HMF was obtained.

[0037] The mother liquor after the reaction is concentrated and dried to obtain 35 g of humic acid aqueous solution, to which 15 g of 5% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 15 g of nonionic surfactant, 15 g of inorganic fertilizer, 15 g of water retaining agent and 15 g of polyacrylate are added and mixed thoroughly to prepare a fertilizer that can be used for saline-alkali land.

[0038] The contents described in this specification are merely an enumeration of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as being limited to the specific forms described in the embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke, characterized in that The following steps are involved: 1) Clean the fresh Jerusalem artichokes and remove the skin, then cut into strips or crush, extract with hot water under vacuum, and then separate the solid and liquid to obtain Jerusalem artichoke residue and inulin solution; 2) Mixing the Jerusalem artichoke residue obtained in step 1) with threonine mother liquor, and drying and crushing again to obtain Jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed; 3) The inulin solution obtained in step 1) is first adjusted to a pH of 11-13 with lime milk under heating, and then filtered by plate and frame pressure to separate the filter residue after standing. Carbon dioxide gas is then introduced to adjust the pH of the filtrate to neutral, and then filtered by plate and frame pressure to separate the filter residue after standing again to obtain a clarified inulin mother liquor; wherein the filter residue produced in the filtration process can be used as a feed additive and added to the Jerusalem artichoke meal-based feed in step 2); 4) The inulin mother liquor obtained by the secondary filtration in step 3) is subjected to desalting, decolorization and nanofiltration purification operations in sequence to obtain a nanofiltration dialyzate and a nanofiltration concentrate. The nanofiltration concentrate is concentrated by evaporation and spray drying to obtain inulin; the nanofiltration dialyzate is concentrated by reverse osmosis to a syrup with a total sugar content of 40-70wt%, and is directly used as a raw material to prepare 5-hydroxymethylfurfural HMF.

2. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step 1), the solid-liquid mass ratio of the cut or crushed Jerusalem artichoke to hot water is 1:1-20, preferably 1:2-6; the vacuum degree of the leaching is -0.09-0.1 MPa, the leaching temperature is between 60°C and 90°C, and the leaching time is 30-90 min.

3. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step 2), the Jerusalem artichoke residue is first dried to a moisture content of 10-20%, and the mass ratio of the threonine mother liquor to the Jerusalem artichoke residue dried to a moisture content of 10-20% is 1-3:1, wherein the threonine concentration in the threonine mother liquor is 2-3wt%.

4. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that In step 3), after the inulin solution is heated to 70-90° C., lime milk is added to adjust the pH to 11-13, and the resting time for both times is 10-60 minutes.

5. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The reaction steps for preparing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural HMF using the syrup as a raw material in step 4) are as follows: using Lewis acid and Bronsted acid in a molar ratio of 0.1-1:1 as a mixed catalyst, uniformly mixing the mixed catalyst with the syrup, wherein the mass concentration of the mixed catalyst in the syrup is 5-10%; placing the syrup mixed with the catalyst in a reactor, adding an organic solvent, wherein the volume ratio of the organic solvent to the syrup is 1-15:1, and performing a conversion reaction at a temperature of 110-180° C. for 0.5-4h to obtain a solution containing HMF; and obtaining a crude HMF product and a by-product humic acid through extraction and separation.

6. A method for utilizing all components of Jerusalem artichoke as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that The organic phase solvent includes one or more combinations of 1,4-dioxane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide; The Lewis acid includes one or more combinations of copper chloride, magnesium chloride, chromium chloride, vanadium chloride, iron chloride, aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and nickel chloride; The Bronsted acid includes one or more combinations of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

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