Sliding electric contact frictional wear test bed for in-situ observation and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ observation sliding electric contact frictional wear test bed and a test method. A load assembly, an observation assembly and a transposition assembly of the test bed are fixedly mounted on an air floating type vibration isolation platform; the load assembly is used for realizing stable loading of a force load and an electric load during a frictional wear test and realizing adjustment of the height position of the sample during frictional wear observation; the observation assembly is used for measuring and recording the surface morphology of the contact area of the friction pair; the transposition assembly is used for rotating the friction disc to a position where the friction disc rubs with a sample during a friction wear test, and rotating the sapphire disc to an observation position during friction wear observation; the control unit is used for controlling the load assembly, the observation assembly and the transposition assembly. The test bed can perform in-situ observation on the morphology and the abrasion evolution process of the contact area, and the change rule of physical quantities such as the actual contact area and the abrasion loss of the friction pair along with time is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of friction and wear, and in particular relates to an on-site observation sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench and a test method. Background Art

[0002] Sliding electrical contact friction pairs such as space conductive slip rings, carbon slide plates of bow-net systems and contact networks all have friction and wear behavior under normal working conditions. However, the contact area of ​​the friction pair in the electric field environment presents a complex situation of multi-physical field coupling due to the existence of Joule heat and friction heat. Large input current, unstable contact pressure, and excessive temperature rise in the contact area will seriously affect the normal operation of the sliding friction pair. Studying the friction and wear mechanism of the sliding electrical contact friction pair is of great significance to improving the design of the friction pair and increasing its service life.

[0003] There are two common methods for measuring the actual contact area in the current traditional friction and wear test bench: one is to estimate the actual contact area by contact resistance measurement, place the test sample in an electric field environment, measure the contact resistance of the contact surface, and use the Holm resistance formula to solve the equivalent contact radius to obtain the contact area; the other is to use the optical interference method to directly photograph the contact area using a CMOS camera, microscope lens, etc., and use image processing methods to extract the actual contact area. There are also two common methods for measuring wear: one is to use the weighing method to weigh the weight of the test sample before and after the test, and calculate the actual wear amount; the other is to use a three-dimensional topography instrument such as a white light interferometer and an atomic force microscope to model the original morphology of the sample and the morphology of the contact area after friction, and obtain the actual wear amount through numerical calculation.

[0004] The invention patent application with the publication number CN116182697A proposes a device and method for measuring the real contact area of ​​the bonding surface under a vibration environment. The vibration table applies a vibration load to the contact pair of the material to be tested, and the ammeter and voltmeter measure the current and voltage of the contact pair of the material to be tested. The fluctuation value of the contact resistance of the bonding surface under the vibration environment is obtained by the data processing device. The relationship between the contact resistance of the bonding surface and the real contact area is used to obtain the real contact area of ​​the bonding surface under the vibration environment. However, in this process, the Holm resistance law is used to equate the actual contact area to a circular spot, and the influence of the actual contact area morphology and the contact spots on the contact resistance is not considered. Therefore, the actual contact area obtained by this method has a certain error. At the same time, due to the influence of the electric field, arc erosion, thermal softening of the material and other phenomena may occur at the local position of the contact interface, which brings inevitable errors to the measurement of the actual contact area. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides an on-site observation sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench and test method, the test bench can perform on-site observation of the morphology and wear evolution process of the contact area, that is, at any time point in a test without replacing or disassembling the test sample, the contact area of ​​the friction pair is photographed and three-dimensional morphology scanning and modeling are performed to obtain the change pattern of physical quantities such as the actual contact area and wear amount of the friction pair over time.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides an on-site observation sliding electrical contact friction and wear test bench, which comprises an air-floating vibration isolation platform, a load component, an observation component, a transfer component and a control unit; the load component, the observation component and the transfer component are all fixedly mounted on the air-floating vibration isolation platform;

[0008] The load assembly is used to achieve stable loading of force load and electric load during friction and wear test, and to adjust the height position of the sample during friction and wear observation;

[0009] The observation component is used to measure and record the surface morphology of the contact area of ​​the friction pair;

[0010] The indexing assembly is used to rotate the friction disk to a position for friction with the sample during friction and wear testing, and to rotate the sapphire disk to an observation position during friction and wear observation;

[0011] The control unit is used to control the load component, the observation component and the transfer component.

[0012] Furthermore, the load assembly includes a load support frame, a linear module, a servo motor, a linear displacement slide, an inclined wedge support block, an XY two-axis displacement slide, a pad, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fixture base, a linear bearing, an insulating fixture and an electric wire;

[0013] The bottom end of the load support frame is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform; the linear module is arranged along the vertical direction and is fixedly connected to one side of the load support frame;

[0014] The servo motor 1 is located at the top of the linear module, and is used to drive the linear displacement slide to reciprocate in the vertical direction through the linear module;

[0015] The inclined wedge support block is fixedly mounted on the linear displacement slide; the inclined wedge support block, the XY two-axis displacement slide, the pad, the three-dimensional force sensor, the fixture base, the linear bearing and the insulating fixture are fixedly connected in sequence from bottom to top; the insulating fixture is used to fix the sample; one end of the electrical wire is fixedly mounted on the insulating fixture for electrical connection with the sample;

[0016] The control unit is connected to the three-dimensional force sensor and the servo motor 1 by signal, and is used to control the servo motor 1 according to the load detected by the three-dimensional force sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the linear module includes a support, a spirally matched ball screw and a nut seat;

[0018] The support is fixedly mounted on the load support frame;

[0019] The servo motor 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support;

[0020] One end of the ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the support;

[0021] The linear displacement slide is fixedly connected to the nut seat.

[0022] Furthermore, the observation assembly includes a lower support plate, an elbow column, an observation objective lens, an upper support plate and a topography instrument;

[0023] The lower support plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform;

[0024] The bottom end of the elbow column is fixedly connected to the lower support plate, and the top end is fixedly connected to the upper support plate;

[0025] The topography instrument is fixedly mounted on one side of the upper support plate;

[0026] The observation objective lens is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the topography instrument and can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction;

[0027] The control unit is connected to the topography instrument by signal.

[0028] Furthermore, the indexing assembly includes a coupling, a second servo motor, an adjustment platform, a turntable column, a sapphire plate, a flexible gland, a fixed short shaft, a locking nut, an upper triangular plate, a reducer, a third servo motor, a carbon brush bracket, a carbon brush, a main shaft, a double locking nut, a rigid gland, a friction plate, a pulley, a lower triangular plate, a turntable and a turntable base;

[0029] The rotating table base is fixedly connected to the air-floating vibration isolation platform; the rotating table can be rotatably installed on the top of the rotating table base; the rotating table, the adjusting platform and the lower triangular plate are connected in sequence from bottom to top by bolts; the servo motor 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating table base to drive the rotating table to rotate; the upper triangular plate is installed on the top of the lower triangular plate through the six turntable columns; the sapphire disk is pressed on the fixed short shaft through the flexible pressure cover and the locking nut; the fixed short shaft is fixedly installed on the top of the upper triangular plate; the main shaft is rotatably installed on the upper triangular plate and the lower triangular plate; the friction disk is located at the top outer edge of the upper triangular plate, and is fixedly installed on the main shaft through the double locking nuts and the rigid pressure cover; the servo motor 3 and the reducer are fixedly installed on the top center of the upper triangular plate; the output shaft of the reducer drives the main shaft to rotate through the transmission mechanism;

[0030] The carbon brush is insulated and fixedly mounted on the top of the upper triangular plate through the carbon brush bracket, and contacts the outer edge of the friction plate;

[0031] The control unit is signal-connected to the servo motor 2 and the servo motor 3.

[0032] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, and includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a belt;

[0033] The driving pulley is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the reducer;

[0034] The driven pulley is fixedly mounted on the main shaft;

[0035] The belt is installed between the driving pulley and the driven pulley.

[0036] Furthermore, the observation objective lens has two forms: a confocal objective lens and an interference objective lens;

[0037] The adjustment platform is provided with a leveling knob for leveling the lower triangular plate.

[0038] Furthermore, the load assembly further comprises a support rib and a load support plate;

[0039] The supporting rib is fixedly connected to the load supporting frame and is used to strengthen the load supporting frame;

[0040] The load support plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the load support frame;

[0041] The linear module is fixedly mounted on a side surface of the load supporting plate away from the load supporting frame.

[0042] In addition, the present invention also provides a test method for the above-mentioned sliding electrical contact friction and wear test bench, and the test method comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1, friction and wear test:

[0044] The control unit controls servo motor 2 to drive the rotating table to rotate, so that the friction disk rotates to the top of the sample. The control unit controls servo motor 3 to drive the friction disk to rotate. The control unit controls servo motor 1 to drive the linear displacement slide to drive the sample to move upward. When the sample touches the friction disk and continues to load, the three-dimensional force sensor feeds back the detected load signal to the control unit, and the control unit determines whether the current load reaches the specified load.

[0045] When the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, the control unit controls the servo motor 1 to drive the sample to descend to a specified height so that the sample is out of contact with the friction disk, controls the servo motor 3 to stop the friction disk from rotating, and controls the servo motor 2 to drive the rotating table to rotate the sapphire disk to just above the sample;

[0046] Step 2: Friction and wear observation:

[0047] The control unit controls the servo motor 1 to drive the sample to move upward. When the output signal of the three-dimensional force sensor shows that the load is the same as that in step 1, the brake of the servo motor 1 is activated and locked, and the sample stops moving.

[0048] The contact area between the sample and the sapphire disk is photographed and recorded using an observation objective lens and a topography instrument. This measurement is used to calculate the contact area of ​​the contact area.

[0049] After the recording is finished, the control unit controls servo motor 1 to drive the sample down and out of contact with the sapphire disk, and controls servo motor 2 to drive the rotating table to rotate to the specified position to ensure that the sample does not interfere with the indexing component when moving up and down; then controls servo motor 1 to drive the sample up to the specified position, and adjusts the XY two-axis displacement slide to make the sample in the center of the field of view of the observation lens, and then takes pictures and records. This measurement is to calculate the surface morphology of the contact area of ​​the sample after wear;

[0050] After the recording is finished, the control unit controls the servo motor to drive the sample to quickly descend to the specified position;

[0051] Repeat the above steps 1 and 2 to implement the friction and wear test and on-site observation of the sliding contact friction pair.

[0052] Furthermore, in step one, when electrical factors are considered, between determining by the control unit whether the current load has reached the specified load and when the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, it also includes: connecting the carbon brush and the electrical wire to the two poles of the power supply so that the current only passes through the friction disk and the sample.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] 1. The sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench of the present invention adds an observation component, which can realize the continuous in-situ measurement of contact area and wear amount for friction and wear tests of any friction duration without replacing or disassembling the sample, and can realize in-situ observation of the friction and wear morphology of the friction pair. At the same time, an external current loop is provided, which can make the current pass only through the friction pair to study the friction and wear mechanism of sliding electric contact. The significance of in-situ measurement is that the contact area and wear amount of the same contact area position at different time nodes can be obtained in the same test, avoiding the traditional measurement method that cannot realize continuous friction and wear observation of the same position of the same sample because of the need to disassemble the sample, saving the test cost and improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0055] 2. The sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench of the present invention can consider the friction and wear problems of sliding contact, and can also consider the friction and wear problems under electrical contact conditions. The design of the current loop can incorporate the electric field environment into the friction and wear problems of sliding contact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the load component;

[0058] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the observation component;

[0059] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transfer component.

[0060] Figure numerals: 1-air-floating vibration isolation platform; 100-load assembly; 200-observation assembly; 300-transposition assembly; 101-load support frame; 102-support ribs; 103-load support plate; 104-linear module; 105-servo motor 1; 106-linear displacement slide; 107-wedge support block; 108-XY two-axis displacement slide; 109-pad; 110-three-dimensional force sensor; 111-clamp base; 112-linear bearing; 113-insulating clamp; 114-sample; 115-electric conductor; 201-lower support plate; 202-elbow column; 203-observation objective lens ;204-upper support plate;205-morphometer;301-coupling;302-servo motor two;303-adjusting platform;304-leveling knob;305-turntable column;306-sapphire disk;307-flexible pressure cover;308-fixed short shaft;309-locking nut;310-upper triangle plate;311-reducer;312-servo motor three;313-carbon brush bracket;314-carbon brush;315-spindle;316-double locking nut;317-rigid pressure cover;318-friction disk;319-pulley;320-lower triangle plate;321-turntable;322-turntable base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] The existing friction and wear test bench cannot realize the on-site observation function, cannot accurately analyze the wear evolution process of the friction pair, cannot observe the morphological changes of the contact area of ​​the friction pair on-site, and cannot only apply an electric field to both ends of the friction pair and cannot consider the friction and wear of the sliding friction pair under electrical contact conditions. The sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench of the present invention adds an observation component, which can realize on-site observation of the friction and wear morphology of the friction pair, and at the same time, an external current loop can make the current pass only through the friction pair, which is convenient for studying the sliding electric contact friction and wear mechanism.

[0063] Embodiment 1

[0064] This embodiment provides a sliding electrical contact friction and wear test bench for in-situ observation, such as Figure 1As shown in the structure, the test bench includes an air-floating vibration isolation platform 1, a load assembly 100, an observation assembly 200, a transfer assembly 300 and a control unit; the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1 is located at the bottom; the load assembly 100, the observation assembly 200 and the transfer assembly 300 can be fixedly mounted on the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1 by bolts;

[0065] The load assembly 100 is used to achieve stable loading of force load and electric load during friction and wear test, and to adjust the height position of the sample 114 during friction and wear observation; Figure 2 As shown, the load assembly 100 includes a load support frame 101, a support rib 102, a load support plate 103, a linear module 104, a servo motor 105, a linear displacement slide 106, an inclined wedge support block 107, an XY two-axis displacement slide 108, a pad 109, a three-dimensional force sensor 110, a fixture base 111, a linear bearing 112, an insulating fixture 113 and an electric wire 115; the bottom end of the load support frame 101 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1; the linear module 104 is arranged in the vertical direction and fixedly connected to one side of the load support frame 101; the servo motor 105 is located at the top of the linear module 104, Used to drive the linear displacement slide 106 to reciprocate in the vertical direction through the linear module 104; the inclined wedge support block 107 is fixedly installed on the linear displacement slide 106; the inclined wedge support block 107, the XY two-axis displacement slide 108, the pad 109, the three-dimensional force sensor 110, the fixture base 111, the linear bearing 112 and the insulating fixture 113 are fixedly connected in sequence from bottom to top; the XY two-axis displacement slide 108 is used to adjust the position of the sample 114 in the horizontal plane in the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction; the insulating fixture 113 is used to fix the sample 114; one end of the electrical conductor 115 is fixedly installed on the insulating fixture 113 for electrical connection with the sample 114. The linear module 104 includes a support, a spirally matched ball screw and a nut seat; the support is fixedly installed on the load support frame 101; the servo motor 105 is fixedly installed on the top of the support; one end of the ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 105, and the other end is rotatably installed on the support; the linear displacement slide 106 is fixedly connected to the nut seat. The load support frame 101 can be Figure 2The right triangle structure is shown in FIG. 1 , wherein one right-angled side of the right triangle is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1, and the other right-angled side is used to fix the load support plate 103, and the linear displacement slide 106 is fixedly mounted on the load support plate 103; the support rib 102 is fixedly connected to the hypotenuse of the load support frame 101, and is used to strengthen the load support frame 101; the linear module 104 is fixedly mounted on the side surface of the load support plate 103 away from the load support frame 101. Two parallel load support frames 101 are fixedly mounted on the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1. The load support frame 101 and the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1, the load support frame 101 and the load support plate 103, the load support frame 101 and the support rib 102, the load support plate 103 and the linear module 104, the linear displacement slide 106 and the linear module 104, the wedge support block 107 and the linear displacement slide 106, the XY two-axis displacement stage and the wedge support block 107 and the pad 109, the pad 109 and the three-dimensional force sensor 110, and the three-dimensional force sensor 110 and the fixture base 111 can all be connected by bolts. The upper end of the linear bearing 112 is connected to the insulating fixture 113 by threads, and the lower end is connected to the fixture base 111 by threads. The insulating fixture 113 is clamped with the sample 114 and the electrical conductor 115 by threads.

[0066] The observation component 200 is used to measure and record the surface morphology of the friction pair contact area; Figure 3 As shown, the observation assembly 200 includes a lower support plate 201, an elbow column 202, an observation lens 203, an upper support plate 204 and a profiler 205; the lower support plate 201 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1; the bottom end of the elbow column 202 is fixedly connected to the lower support plate 201, and the top end is fixedly connected to the upper support plate 204; the profiler 205 is fixedly mounted on one side of the upper support plate 204; the observation lens 203 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the profiler 205, and can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction. The observation lens 203 has two forms: a confocal lens and an interference lens. The lower support plate 201, the elbow column 202, the upper support plate 204 and the profiler 205 can be connected by bolts, and the lower support plate 201 is fixedly mounted on the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1 by bolts.

[0067] The indexing assembly 300 is used to rotate the friction disk 318 to a position for friction with the sample 114 during friction and wear testing, and to rotate the sapphire disk 306 to an observation position during friction and wear observation; Figure 4As shown, the indexing assembly 300 includes a coupling 301, a servo motor 2 302, an adjustment platform 303, a leveling knob 304, a turntable column 305, a sapphire plate 306, a flexible gland 307, a fixed short shaft 308, a locking nut 309, an upper triangular plate 310, a reducer 311, a servo motor 312, a carbon brush bracket 313, a carbon brush 314, a main shaft 315, a double locking nut 316, a rigid gland 317, a friction plate 318, a pulley 319, a lower triangular plate 320, a turntable 321 and a turntable bottom The rotating table base 322 is fixedly connected to the air-floating vibration isolation platform 1 by bolts; the rotating table 321 can be rotatably mounted on the top of the rotating table base 322; the rotating table 321, the adjusting platform 303 and the lower triangular plate 320 are connected by bolts from bottom to top; the servo motor 302 is fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating table base 322 to drive the rotating table 321 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation of the adjusting platform 303 and the lower triangular plate 320 relative to the rotating table base 322, and the ultimate purpose is to realize the friction plate 318 and the blue The rotation of the sapphire plate 306 relative to the sample 114 realizes the friction between the friction plate 318 or the sapphire plate 306 and the sample 114; the upper triangular plate 310 is fixedly mounted on the top of the lower triangular plate 320 through six turntable columns 305; the sapphire plate 306 is pressed on the fixed short shaft 308 through the flexible pressure cover 307 and the locking nut 309; the fixed short shaft 308 is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper triangular plate 310; the main shaft 315 is rotatably mounted on the upper triangular plate 310 and the lower triangular plate 320; the friction plate 318 is located on the upper triangular plate 3 10, and is fixedly mounted on the main shaft 315 by means of double locking nuts 316 and rigid pressure cover 317; servo motor 312 and reducer 311 are fixedly mounted on the top center of the upper triangular plate 310; the output shaft of reducer 311 drives the main shaft 315 to rotate through a transmission mechanism; carbon brush 314 is fixedly mounted on the top of the upper triangular plate 310 by means of carbon brush holder 313, and contacts with the outer edge of friction plate 318; carbon brush holder 313 is made of insulating material, and is used to insulate the carbon brush 314 from the upper triangular plate 310. The transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, and includes a pulley 319 and a belt; the pulley 319 is composed of a driving pulley 319 fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the reducer 311 and a driven pulley 319 fixedly mounted on the main shaft 315; the driving pulley 319 and the output shaft of the reducer 311, and the driven pulley 319 and the main shaft 315 can be fixedly connected by a flat key; the belt is installed between the driving pulley 319 and the driven pulley 319, and the power of the servo motor 312 is transmitted to the main shaft 315 through the belt and the pulley 319, so as to realize the rotation of the friction disk 318. The adjustment platform 303 is provided with a leveling knob 304 for leveling the lower triangular plate 320, and the lower triangular plate 320 is leveled by the adjustment platform 303, thereby realizing the leveling of the friction disk 318 and the sapphire disk 306.

[0068] The control unit is used to control the load assembly 100, the observation assembly 200 and the indexing assembly 300. The control unit is connected to the three-dimensional force sensor 110, the servo motor 1 105, the topography instrument 205, the servo motor 2 302 and the servo motor 3 312, and is used to control the servo motor 1 105, the servo motor 2 302 and the servo motor 3 312, and controls the servo motor 1 105 according to the load detected by the three-dimensional force sensor 110. The control unit can be a computer.

[0069] When the load assembly 100 is working, the servo motor 105 receives the command signal from the control unit, drives the ball screw of the linear module 104 to start moving, and the nut seat on the ball screw drives the linear displacement slide 106 to move upward, and the movement is transmitted to the sample 114 through the wedge support block 107, the XY two-axis displacement stage, the pad 109, the three-dimensional force sensor 110, the fixture base 111, the linear bearing 112 and the insulating fixture 113. When the sample 114 is judged to have received a specified load through the feedback loop of the three-dimensional force sensor 110, the brake starter motor of the servo motor 105 is locked, and the sample 114 no longer moves.

[0070] When the observation assembly 200 is working, it must be ensured that the observation lens 203 is located directly above the observed object each time, and the observation lens 203 can be vertically raised or lowered by 5 mm.

[0071] When the indexing assembly 300 is working, the servo motor 2 302 receives the command signal of the control unit to rotate the whole assembly on the rotating platform 321 to a specified position, and the whole assembly can be leveled by the leveling knob 304 on the adjustment platform 303. The servo motor 312 receives the command signal of the control unit, drives the reducer 311 to drive the pulley 319 to rotate, drives the main shaft 315 to rotate, and thus drives the friction disk 318 to rotate.

[0072] The above-mentioned sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench has added an observation component 200, which can realize continuous in-situ measurement of contact area and wear amount for friction and wear tests of any friction duration without replacing or disassembling the sample 114, and can realize in-situ observation of the friction and wear morphology of the friction pair. At the same time, an external current loop is provided, which allows the current to pass only through the friction pair to study the friction and wear mechanism of sliding electric contact. The significance of in-situ measurement is that the contact area and wear amount of the same contact area position at different time nodes can be obtained in the same test, avoiding the traditional measurement method that cannot realize continuous friction and wear observation of the same position of the same sample 114 due to the need to disassemble and assemble the sample 114, saving test costs and improving the accuracy of test data.

[0073] The above-mentioned sliding electric contact friction and wear test bench can consider the friction and wear problems of sliding contact, and can also consider the friction and wear problems under electrical contact conditions. The design of the current loop can incorporate the electric field environment into the friction and wear problems of sliding contact.

[0074] Embodiment 2

[0075] The embodiment of the present invention provides a test method for the above-mentioned sliding electrical contact friction and wear test bench, and the test method comprises the following steps:

[0076] Step 1, friction and wear test:

[0077] The control unit controls the servo motor 2 302 to drive the rotating table 321 to rotate, so that the friction disk 318 rotates to the top of the sample 114. The control unit controls the servo motor 312 to drive the friction disk 318 to rotate. The control unit controls the servo motor 1 105 to drive the linear displacement slide 106 to drive the sample 114 to move upward. When the sample 114 touches the friction disk 318 and continues to load, the three-dimensional force sensor 110 feeds back the detected load signal to the control unit, and the control unit determines whether the current load reaches the specified load.

[0078] When the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, the control unit controls the servo motor 105 to drive the sample 114 to descend to a specified height, so that the sample 114 is out of contact with the friction disk 318, controls the servo motor 312 to stop the friction disk 318 from rotating, and controls the servo motor 2 302 to drive the rotating table 321 to rotate the sapphire disk 306 to just above the sample 114;

[0079] Step 2: Friction and wear observation:

[0080] The control unit controls the servo motor 105 to drive the sample 114 to move upward. When the output signal of the three-dimensional force sensor 110 shows that the load is the same as that in step 1, the brake of the servo motor 105 is started and locked, and the sample 114 stops moving.

[0081] The contact area between the sample 114 and the sapphire disk 306 is photographed and recorded using the observation lens 203 and the topography instrument 205. This measurement is used to calculate the contact area of ​​the contact area.

[0082] After the recording is finished, the control unit controls the servo motor 105 to drive the sample 114 to descend and disengage from the sapphire disk 306, and controls the servo motor 2 302 to drive the rotating table 321 to rotate to the specified position, ensuring that the sample 114 does not interfere with the indexing assembly 300 when moving up and down; then controls the servo motor 105 to drive the sample 114 to move up to the specified position, and adjusts the XY two-axis displacement slide 108 so that the sample 114 is located in the center of the field of view of the observation lens 203, and photographs and records. This measurement is to calculate the surface morphology of the contact area of ​​the sample 114 after wear;

[0083] After the recording is finished, the control unit controls the servo motor 105 to drive the sample 114 to rapidly descend to the designated position;

[0084] Repeat the above steps 1 and 2 to implement the friction and wear test and on-site observation of the sliding contact friction pair.

[0085] In the above test method, in step one, when the electrical factors are considered, between the control unit determining whether the current load has reached the specified load and when the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, it also includes: connecting the carbon brush 314 and the electrical conductor 115 to the two poles of the power supply so that the current only passes through the friction disk 318 and the sample 114.

[0086] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An in-situ observation sliding electrical contact friction and wear test bench, characterized in that: It includes an air-floating vibration isolation platform, a load component, an observation component, a transfer component and a control unit; the load component, the observation component and the transfer component are all fixedly installed on the air-floating vibration isolation platform; The load assembly is used to achieve stable loading of force load and electric load during friction and wear test, and to adjust the height position of the sample during friction and wear observation; The observation component is used to measure and record the surface morphology of the contact area of ​​the friction pair; The indexing assembly is used to rotate the friction disk to a position for friction with the sample during friction and wear testing, and to rotate the sapphire disk to an observation position during friction and wear observation; The control unit is used to control the load component, the observation component and the transfer component.

2. The test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that The load assembly includes a load support frame, a linear module, a servo motor, a linear displacement slide, an inclined wedge support block, an XY two-axis displacement slide, a pad, a three-dimensional force sensor, a fixture base, a linear bearing, an insulating fixture and an electric wire; The bottom end of the load support frame is fixedly connected to the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform; the linear module is arranged along the vertical direction and is fixedly connected to one side of the load support frame; The servo motor 1 is located at the top of the linear module, and is used to drive the linear displacement slide to reciprocate in the vertical direction through the linear module; The inclined wedge support block is fixedly mounted on the linear displacement slide; the inclined wedge support block, the XY two-axis displacement slide, the pad, the three-dimensional force sensor, the fixture base, the linear bearing and the insulating fixture are fixedly connected in sequence from bottom to top; the insulating fixture is used to fix the sample; one end of the electrical wire is fixedly mounted on the insulating fixture for electrical connection with the sample; The control unit is connected to the three-dimensional force sensor and the servo motor 1 by signal, and is used to control the servo motor 1 according to the load detected by the three-dimensional force sensor.

3. The test bench according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linear module comprises a support, a spirally matched ball screw and a nut seat; The support is fixedly mounted on the load support frame; The servo motor 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support; One end of the ball screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the support; The linear displacement slide is fixedly connected to the nut seat.

4. The test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that The observation assembly includes a lower support plate, an elbow column, an observation objective lens, an upper support plate and a profilometer; The lower support plate is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the air-floating vibration isolation platform; The bottom end of the elbow column is fixedly connected to the lower support plate, and the top end is fixedly connected to the upper support plate; The topography instrument is fixedly mounted on one side of the upper support plate; The observation objective lens is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the topography instrument and can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction; The control unit is connected to the topography instrument by signal.

5. The test bench according to claim 4, characterized in that The indexing assembly includes a coupling, a second servo motor, an adjustment platform, a turntable column, a sapphire plate, a flexible gland, a fixed short shaft, a locking nut, an upper triangular plate, a reducer, a third servo motor, a carbon brush bracket, a carbon brush, a main shaft, a double locking nut, a rigid gland, a friction plate, a pulley, a lower triangular plate, a turntable and a turntable base; The rotating table base is fixedly connected to the air-floating vibration isolation platform; the rotating table can be rotatably installed on the top of the rotating table base; the rotating table, the adjusting platform and the lower triangular plate are connected in sequence from bottom to top by bolts; the servo motor 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating table base to drive the rotating table to rotate; the upper triangular plate is installed on the top of the lower triangular plate through the six turntable columns; the sapphire disk is pressed on the fixed short shaft through the flexible pressure cover and the locking nut; the fixed short shaft is fixedly installed on the top of the upper triangular plate; the main shaft is rotatably installed on the upper triangular plate and the lower triangular plate; the friction disk is located at the top outer edge of the upper triangular plate, and is fixedly installed on the main shaft through the double locking nuts and the rigid pressure cover; the servo motor 3 and the reducer are fixedly installed on the top center of the upper triangular plate; the output shaft of the reducer drives the main shaft to rotate through the transmission mechanism; The carbon brush is insulated and fixedly mounted on the top of the upper triangular plate through the carbon brush bracket, and contacts the outer edge of the friction plate; The control unit is signal-connected to the servo motor 2 and the servo motor 3.

6. The test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that The transmission mechanism is a belt transmission mechanism, and includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a belt; The driving pulley is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the reducer; The driven pulley is fixedly mounted on the main shaft; The belt is installed between the driving pulley and the driven pulley.

7. The test bench according to claim 5, characterized in that: The observation objective lens has two forms: a confocal objective lens and an interference objective lens; The adjustment platform is provided with a leveling knob for leveling the lower triangular plate.

8. The test bench according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The load assembly also includes a support rib and a load support plate; The supporting rib is fixedly connected to the load supporting frame and is used to strengthen the load supporting frame; The load support plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the load support frame; The linear module is fixedly mounted on a side surface of the load supporting plate away from the load supporting frame.

9. A test method for a test bench as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, friction and wear test: control the servo motor 2 through the control unit to drive the rotating table to rotate, so that the friction disk rotates to the top of the sample, control the servo motor 3 through the control unit to drive the friction disk to rotate, control the servo motor 1 through the control unit to drive the linear displacement slide to drive the sample to move upward, when the sample touches the friction disk and continues to load, the three-dimensional force sensor feeds back the detected load signal to the control unit, and determines whether the current load reaches the specified load through the control unit; when the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, control the servo motor 1 through the control unit to drive the sample to descend to a specified height, so that the sample is out of contact with the friction disk, control the servo motor 3 to stop the friction disk from rotating, and control the servo motor 2 to drive the rotating table to rotate the sapphire disk to the top of the sample; Step 2, friction and wear observation: control the servo motor 1 through the control unit to drive the sample to move upward. When the output signal of the three-dimensional force sensor shows that the load is the same as that in step 1, the brake of the servo motor 1 is started and locked, and the sample stops moving; use the observation objective and the topography instrument to photograph and record the contact area between the sample and the sapphire disk. This measurement is used to calculate the contact area of ​​the contact area; after the recording is completed, control the servo motor 1 through the control unit to drive the sample to descend and disengage from the sapphire disk, and control the servo motor 2 to drive the rotating table to rotate to the specified position to ensure that the sample does not interfere with the indexing component when moving up and down; then control the servo motor 1 to drive the sample to move up to the specified position, adjust the XY two-axis displacement slide to make the sample located in the center of the field of view of the observation objective, photograph and record, and this measurement is used to calculate the surface morphology of the contact area of ​​the sample after wear; after the recording is completed, control the servo motor 1 through the control unit to drive the sample to descend rapidly to the specified position; Repeat the above steps 1 and 2 to implement the friction and wear test and on-site observation of the sliding contact friction pair.

10. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that In step one, when electrical factors are considered, between determining by the control unit whether the current load reaches the specified load and when the friction and wear test reaches the specified test time, it also includes: connecting the carbon brush and the electrical wire to the two poles of the power supply so that the current only passes through the friction disk and the sample.

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