Tunnel temperature distribution model construction method based on Internet of Things terminal

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel temperature distribution model construction method based on an Internet of Things terminal, and relates to the field of tunnel temperature distribution, and the method comprises the following steps: setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units, collecting the environment parameters of the tunnel nodes in real time, and building a tunnel topological structure network; performing multivariate analysis on the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes to obtain balance point data; according to the balance point data, performing first-order simulation on tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topological structure network to obtain a coupling coefficient; ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel is collected, second-order simulation is carried out on tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel and the coupling coefficient, a tunnel temperature distribution model is obtained, tunnel hot-pressing ventilation multiplicity analysis is optimized, tunnel temperature distribution accuracy is improved, and diversified analysis on tunnel temperature is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel temperature distribution, and in particular to a method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal. Background Art

[0002] In a tunnel, due to the characteristics of the internal structure of the tunnel, once a fire occurs, the harm is very great. At the same time, after the fire occurs, if the temperature distribution in the tunnel cannot be grasped in time, it may lead to further serious consequences. Therefore, accurately knowing the temperature distribution in the tunnel is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] In the existing technology, the tunnel temperature distribution model cannot effectively consider the dynamic changes of the temperature inside the tunnel over time, such as daily changes, monthly changes, annual changes, etc. The actual tunnel may be affected by a variety of complex conditions, such as the influencing factors between the enclosure structure in the tunnel and the contact air. The tunnel temperature distribution model is restrictive and is only applicable to tunnels with partial structures. It cannot fully obtain the tunnel temperature distribution, which is a problem we need to solve. To this end, a method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal is provided. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step S1: Setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units, collecting environmental parameters of tunnel nodes in real time, and establishing a tunnel topology network;

[0006] Step S2: Perform multivariate analysis on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes to obtain equilibrium point data;

[0007] Step S3: According to the equilibrium point data, a first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network to obtain a coupling coefficient;

[0008] Step S4: Collect the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel, perform a second-order simulation on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the ventilation airflow distribution and the coupling coefficient of the tunnel, and obtain a tunnel temperature distribution model.

[0009] Furthermore, the process of setting the tunnel node and the tunnel unit and collecting the environmental parameters of the tunnel node in real time includes:

[0010] Obtaining the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber, outdoor environment and enclosure structure, and obtaining the physical relationship between the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber and outdoor environment;

[0011] The tunnel environment and tunnel chambers are divided into interconnected units, which are called tunnel units, and the tunnel units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel chambers;

[0012] The outdoor environment between tunnels is recorded as a virtual unit, and the virtual units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel environment;

[0013] The endpoints of the tunnel units are recorded as tunnel nodes, and the tunnel nodes are numbered in sequence according to the connection sequence between the tunnel units;

[0014] The environmental parameters include air temperature, air quality and temperature value;

[0015] Obtaining the passage time of the air mass in the tunnel unit and the virtual unit;

[0016] According to the passage time of the air mass in the tunnel unit or the virtual unit and the air mass passing through the tunnel unit or the virtual unit, the air mass flow rate of the tunnel unit or the virtual unit is obtained;

[0017] Set the air cycle;

[0018] According to the air cycle, the IoT terminal collects the environmental parameters of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit in real time.

[0019] Furthermore, the process of establishing the tunnel topology network includes:

[0020] According to the physical relationship between the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units, the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units are connected to each other to obtain a ventilation topology network.

[0021] Furthermore, according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes, the process of performing multivariate analysis on the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units includes:

[0022] According to the tunnel topology network and air mass flow, the mass flow balance analysis of the tunnel nodes is carried out;

[0023] According to the tunnel topology network, a plurality of tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node are obtained, and a structure consisting of the tunnel node and the tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node is recorded as a node balance area;

[0024] According to the mass flow of the node balance area and the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the mass flow balance value of the node balance area is obtained, and the mass flow balance equation group of the node is established;

[0025] According to the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, a comprehensive analysis of the unit air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual space is performed;

[0026] Obtain the direction of the air temperature of the tunnel node, the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, and record the temperature value of the tunnel node, the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit and the direction of the air temperature as an air temperature vector;

[0027] According to the air temperature vector of the node balance area, the node heat balance value is obtained;

[0028] According to the flow direction of the air temperature inside the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the tunnel nodes at both ends of the tunnel unit or virtual unit are recorded as the tunnel start node and the tunnel end node respectively;

[0029] According to the pressure parameters of the tunnel start nodes and the tunnel end nodes at both ends of each tunnel unit or virtual unit, a pressure balance equation group of the tunnel topology network is established;

[0030] Analyze the enclosure structure and establish a heat transfer model of the enclosure structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the process of analyzing the enclosure structure and establishing the heat transfer model of the enclosure structure includes:

[0032] According to the temperature value of the tunnel start node and the temperature value of the tunnel end node of each tunnel unit or virtual unit, the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit is obtained;

[0033] The heat transfer between the enclosure structure inside the tunnel and the indoor air in contact with the surface of the enclosure structure is calculated by the Z transfer coefficient method to obtain the enclosure heat transfer amount.

[0034] According to the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit and the surrounding heat transfer value, the unit heat balance value is obtained;

[0035] According to the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit and the surrounding heat transfer, a heat balance equation of the tunnel unit or virtual unit is established;

[0036] Establish an air temperature model based on the heat balance formula of the tunnel unit or simulation unit and the air temperature vector;

[0037] The outdoor air temperature of the building envelope and the temperature of the adjacent space are obtained through the time series function;

[0038] The frequency of the daily varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics of the enclosure structure are obtained, and a heat transfer model of the enclosure structure is established according to the outdoor air temperature, the temperature of the adjacent space, the frequency of the daily varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics.

[0039] Furthermore, according to the equilibrium point data, a first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network, and the process of obtaining the coupling coefficient includes:

[0040] Through the finite element analysis method, combined with the air temperature model, the heat transfer model of the enclosure structure, the mass flow balance equation group and the pressure balance equation group, a tunnel numerical model is established;

[0041] The tunnel numerical model is coupled and calculated according to the surrounding heat transfer, air temperature and mass flow rate;

[0042] The tunnel numerical model is analyzed based on the tunnel topology network, mass flow balance values ​​of node balance areas, node heat balance values ​​and unit heat balance values.

[0043] Set the number of iterations R;

[0044] According to the iteration number R, the tunnel numerical model is iterated to obtain the coupling coefficient;

[0045] A tunnel temperature model is established based on the coupling coefficient and the tunnel numerical model.

[0046] Furthermore, according to the tunnel topology network, the mass flow balance value of the node balance area, the node heat balance value and the unit heat balance value, the process of analyzing the tunnel numerical model includes:

[0047] Through the double-layer time step, the calculation time is minimized to obtain the time step;

[0048] According to the mass flow balance value of the node balance area, the node heat balance value and the unit heat balance value, the mass flow rate and air temperature of the tunnel node, tunnel unit and virtual unit are balanced and adjusted, and the balance adjustment is verified according to the collected data. The tunnel numerical model is coupled and the coupling calculation is repeated iteratively according to the time step until the temperature distribution in the tunnel conforms to the actual situation. By adjusting the number of iterations, the accuracy of the numerical model is controlled to obtain the coupling coefficient of the tunnel unit or virtual unit.

[0049] Furthermore, the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel is collected, and according to the ventilation airflow distribution and coupling coefficient of the tunnel, a second-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model. The process includes:

[0050] The ventilation airflow distribution in the tunnel is calculated by CFD algorithm, and the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and tunnel units is obtained;

[0051] According to the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units and the ventilation air flow distribution of the tunnel, an air flow distribution diagram of the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units is established;

[0052] The tunnel temperature model was analyzed secondary through a two-stage simulation method;

[0053] The coupling coefficient is used as the initial condition to simulate the direction and speed of air inflow and outflow in the tunnel unit to obtain the temperature of the tunnel in a stable state.

[0054] According to the stable temperature inside the tunnel and the tunnel temperature model, a tunnel thermal pressure ventilation model is established, and a set of equations for the temperature variation of the tunnel unit in the tunnel topology network over time is established;

[0055] By solving the equation group, the temperature variation diagram of each tunnel unit under different conditions with time is obtained, which is recorded as the temperature vector dynamic diagram of the tunnel unit;

[0056] According to the temperature vector dynamic diagram of each tunnel unit, the trend trajectory of the temperature change from the initial temperature to the stable state is analyzed to obtain the local phase diagram of the tunnel topological structure network;

[0057] The local phase diagram of the tunnel topology network and the ventilation airflow distribution diagram are input into the tunnel temperature model to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model.

[0058] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units, collecting environmental parameters of tunnel nodes, and establishing a tunnel topology network, clarifying the tunnel distribution map, facilitating the temperature distribution analysis of the tunnel, performing multivariate analysis on tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the environmental parameters of tunnel nodes, obtaining equilibrium point data, analyzing the factors affecting the temperature inside the tunnel through the tunnel distribution map, comprehensively analyzing the factors affecting the tunnel temperature, performing first-order simulation on tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network structure according to the equilibrium point data, obtaining coupling coefficients, preliminarily establishing a tunnel temperature model, collecting the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel, performing second-order simulation on tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the ventilation airflow distribution and coupling coefficients of the tunnel, further analyzing the tunnel temperature model in detail, considering the factors affecting the tunnel temperature by the ventilation airflow distribution, obtaining a tunnel temperature distribution model, improving the accuracy of the tunnel temperature distribution, and vividly reflecting the dynamic changes of the tunnel temperature distribution model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S1: Setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units, collecting environmental parameters of tunnel nodes in real time, and establishing a tunnel topology network;

[0062] Step S2: Perform multivariate analysis on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes to obtain equilibrium point data;

[0063] Step S3: According to the equilibrium point data, a first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network to obtain a coupling coefficient;

[0064] Step S4: Collect the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel, perform a second-order simulation on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the ventilation airflow distribution and the coupling coefficient of the tunnel, and obtain a tunnel temperature distribution model.

[0065] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the specific process of setting the tunnel node and the tunnel unit and collecting the environmental parameters of the tunnel node and the tunnel unit in real time includes:

[0066] Obtaining the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber, outdoor environment and enclosure structure, and obtaining the physical relationship between the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber and outdoor environment;

[0067] The tunnel environment and the tunnel chamber are divided into interconnected units, which are denoted as tunnel units, and the tunnel units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel chamber, denoted as i, where i=1, 2, ..., n, n>0 and n is an integer;

[0068] The outdoor environment between tunnels is recorded as a virtual unit, and the virtual units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel environment, denoted as j, where j = 1, 2, ..., m, m> 0 and m is an integer;

[0069] The endpoints of the tunnel units are recorded as tunnel nodes, and the tunnel nodes are numbered in sequence according to the connection sequence between the tunnel units, recorded as x, where x=1, 2, ..., v, v>0 and v is an integer;

[0070] According to the physical relationship between the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units, the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units are connected to each other to obtain a ventilation topology network;

[0071] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the tunnel topology network is composed of multiple closed loops consisting of tunnel nodes, tunnel units and virtual units;

[0072] The environmental parameters include air temperature, air quality and temperature value;

[0073] Let the air temperature be T;

[0074] Let the air mass be m;

[0075] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the air quality and air temperature are the parameters that need to be collected by the tunnel unit or virtual unit, and the temperature value is the parameter that needs to be collected by the tunnel node;

[0076] Obtain the passage time of the air mass m in the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, recorded as ti;

[0077] According to the passing time ti of the air mass m in the tunnel unit and the virtual unit and the passing air mass m, the air mass flow rate of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit is obtained, which is recorded as M;

[0078] Set the air cycle, denoted as Z;

[0079] According to the air cycle, the IoT terminal collects the environmental parameters of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit in real time.

[0080] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes, multivariate analysis is performed on the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units to obtain the equilibrium point data, including:

[0081] According to the tunnel topology network and air mass flow, the mass flow balance analysis of the tunnel nodes is carried out;

[0082] According to the tunnel topology network, a plurality of tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node are obtained, and a structure consisting of the tunnel node and the tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node is recorded as a node balance area;

[0083] According to the mass flow rate M of the tunnel unit or virtual unit in the node balance area, the mass flow rates M of the tunnel units or virtual units in all node balance areas are summed up to obtain the mass flow balance value of the node balance area, which is recorded as Zh;

[0084] According to the sum of the mass flow rates of all tunnel units or virtual units connected to the same tunnel node in the node area, a mass flow balance equation group of the node is established;

[0085] According to the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, a comprehensive analysis of the unit air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual space is performed;

[0086] Obtain the direction of the air temperature of the tunnel node, the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, and record the temperature value of the tunnel node, the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit and the direction of the air temperature as an air temperature vector;

[0087] According to the air temperature vector of the node balance area, the air temperature vector of the tunnel unit or virtual unit connected to the tunnel node is added to obtain the node heat balance value;

[0088] According to the flow direction of the air temperature inside the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the tunnel nodes at both ends of the tunnel unit or virtual unit are recorded as the tunnel start node and the tunnel end node respectively;

[0089] According to the pressure parameters of the tunnel start nodes and the tunnel end nodes at both ends of each tunnel unit or virtual unit, a pressure balance equation group of the tunnel topology network is established;

[0090] The pressure parameters include the thermal pressure of the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the outdoor wind pressure when the tunnel unit or virtual unit is connected to the outdoors, the pressure provided by the mechanical fan determined by the fan performance curve, and the air flow resistance;

[0091] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the thermal pressure of the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the outdoor wind pressure of the tunnel unit or virtual unit connected to the outdoor, the pressure provided by the mechanical fan determined by the fan performance curve, and the air flow resistance related data are measured and obtained by relevant professionals;

[0092] Calculate the arithmetic mean of the temperature value of the tunnel start node and the temperature value of the tunnel end node of each tunnel unit or virtual unit to obtain the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit;

[0093] The heat transfer between the tunnel enclosure and the indoor air in contact with the enclosure surface is calculated by the Z transfer coefficient method to obtain the enclosure heat transfer amount, which is recorded as Q1.

[0094] The average temperature value and the surrounding heat transfer value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit are summed up and calculated to obtain the unit heat balance value;

[0095] According to the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit and the surrounding heat transfer, a heat balance equation of the tunnel unit or virtual unit is established;

[0096] Establish an air temperature model based on the heat balance formula of the tunnel unit or simulation unit and the air temperature vector;

[0097] The outdoor air temperature of the building envelope and the temperature of the adjacent space are obtained through the time series function;

[0098] The frequency of the daily-varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics of the enclosure structure are obtained, and a heat transfer model of the enclosure structure is established according to the outdoor air temperature, the temperature of the adjacent space, the frequency of the daily-varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics.

[0099] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, according to the equilibrium point data, the first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network, and the process of obtaining the coupling coefficient includes:

[0100] Through the finite element analysis method, combined with the air temperature model, the enclosure structure heat transfer model, the mass flow balance equation group and the pressure balance equation group, a tunnel numerical model is established;

[0101] The tunnel numerical model is coupled and calculated according to the surrounding heat transfer, air temperature and mass flow rate;

[0102] Through the double-layer time step, the calculation time is minimized to obtain the time step;

[0103] The tunnel numerical model is analyzed based on the tunnel topology network, mass flow balance values ​​of node balance areas, node heat balance values ​​and unit heat balance values.

[0104] Set the number of iterations R;

[0105] According to the number of iterations R, the tunnel numerical model is operated to obtain the coupling coefficient;

[0106] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, according to the number of iterations R, the process of calculating the tunnel numerical model includes: according to the mass flow balance value of the node balance area, the node heat balance value and the unit heat balance value, the mass flow rate and air temperature of the tunnel node, tunnel unit and virtual unit are balanced and adjusted, and the balance adjustment is verified according to the collected data, the tunnel numerical model is coupled and calculated, and the coupling calculation is repeated and iterated according to the time step until the tunnel temperature distribution conforms to the actual situation, and the accuracy of the numerical model is controlled by adjusting the number of iterations to obtain the coupling coefficient of the tunnel unit or virtual unit;

[0107] Through the coupling coefficient and tunnel numerical model, the tunnel temperature model is established and uploaded to the Internet of Things terminal.

[0108] It should be further explained that, in the specific implementation process, the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel is collected, and according to the ventilation airflow distribution and coupling coefficient of the tunnel, the second-order simulation of the tunnel node and the tunnel unit is performed to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model. The process includes:

[0109] The ventilation airflow distribution in the tunnel is calculated by CFD algorithm, and the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and tunnel units is obtained;

[0110] Real-time monitoring of the air flow distribution in tunnel nodes and tunnel units and the ventilation air flow distribution in the tunnel through the IoT terminal;

[0111] According to the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units and the ventilation air flow distribution of the tunnel, an air flow distribution diagram of the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units is established;

[0112] The tunnel temperature model was analyzed secondary through a two-stage simulation method;

[0113] The coupling coefficient is used as the initial condition to simulate the direction and speed of air inflow and outflow in the tunnel unit to obtain the temperature of the tunnel in a stable state.

[0114] According to the stable temperature inside the tunnel and the tunnel temperature model, a tunnel thermal pressure ventilation model is established, and a set of equations for the temperature variation of the tunnel unit in the tunnel topology network over time is established;

[0115] By solving the equation group, the temperature variation diagram of each tunnel unit under different conditions with time is obtained, which is recorded as the temperature vector dynamic diagram of the tunnel unit;

[0116] According to the temperature vector dynamic diagram of each tunnel unit, the trend trajectory of the temperature change from the initial temperature to the stable state is analyzed to obtain the local phase diagram of the tunnel topological structure network;

[0117] The local phase diagram of the tunnel topology network and the ventilation airflow distribution diagram are input into the tunnel temperature model to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model, and the tunnel temperature distribution model is uploaded to the Internet of Things terminal.

[0118] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical method of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical method of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical method of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units, collecting environmental parameters of tunnel nodes in real time, and establishing a tunnel topology network; Step S2: Perform multivariate analysis on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes to obtain equilibrium point data; Step S3: According to the equilibrium point data, a first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network structure to obtain a coupling coefficient; Step S4: Collect the ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel, perform a second-order simulation on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units according to the ventilation airflow distribution and the coupling coefficient of the tunnel, and obtain a tunnel temperature distribution model.

2. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of setting tunnel nodes and tunnel units and collecting environmental parameters of tunnel nodes in real time includes: Obtaining the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber, outdoor environment and enclosure structure, and obtaining the physical relationship between the tunnel environment, tunnel chamber and outdoor environment; The tunnel environment and tunnel chambers are divided into interconnected units, which are called tunnel units, and the tunnel units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel chambers; The outdoor environment between tunnels is recorded as a virtual unit, and the virtual units are numbered in sequence according to the spatial distribution of the tunnel environment; The endpoints of the tunnel units are recorded as tunnel nodes, and the tunnel nodes are numbered in sequence according to the connection sequence between the tunnel units; The environmental parameters include air temperature, air quality and temperature value; Obtaining the passage time of the air mass in the tunnel unit and the virtual unit; According to the passage time of the air mass in the tunnel unit or the virtual unit and the air mass passing through the tunnel unit or the virtual unit, the air mass flow rate of the tunnel unit or the virtual unit is obtained; Set the air cycle; According to the air cycle, the IoT terminal collects the environmental parameters of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit in real time.

3. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of establishing a tunnel topology network includes: According to the physical relationship between the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units, the tunnel nodes, the tunnel units and the virtual units are connected to each other to obtain a tunnel topology network.

4. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 3 is characterized in that: According to the environmental parameters of the tunnel nodes, the process of multivariate analysis of the tunnel nodes and tunnel units includes: According to the tunnel topology network and air mass flow, the mass flow balance analysis of the tunnel nodes is carried out; According to the tunnel topology network, a plurality of tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node are obtained, and a structure consisting of the tunnel node and the tunnel units or virtual units connected to the tunnel node is recorded as a node balance area; According to the mass flow of the node balance area and the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the mass flow balance value of the node balance area is obtained, and the mass flow balance equation group of the node is established; According to the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, a comprehensive analysis of the unit air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual space is performed; Obtain the direction of the air temperature of the tunnel node, the tunnel unit and the virtual unit, and record the temperature value of the tunnel node, the air temperature of the tunnel unit and the virtual unit and the direction of the air temperature as an air temperature vector; According to the air temperature vector of the node balance area, the node heat balance value is obtained; According to the flow direction of the air temperature inside the tunnel unit or virtual unit, the tunnel nodes at both ends of the tunnel unit or virtual unit are recorded as the tunnel start node and the tunnel end node respectively; According to the pressure parameters of the tunnel start nodes and the tunnel end nodes at both ends of each tunnel unit or virtual unit, a pressure balance equation group of the tunnel topology network is established; Analyze the enclosure structure and establish a heat transfer model of the enclosure structure.

5. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of analyzing the enclosure structure and establishing the enclosure structure heat transfer model includes: According to the temperature value of the tunnel start node and the temperature value of the tunnel end node of each tunnel unit or virtual unit, the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit is obtained; The heat transfer between the tunnel enclosure and the indoor air in contact with the enclosure surface is calculated by the Z transfer coefficient method to obtain the enclosure heat transfer amount. According to the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit and the surrounding heat transfer value, the unit heat balance value is obtained; According to the average temperature value of the tunnel unit or virtual unit and the surrounding heat transfer, a heat balance equation of the tunnel unit or virtual unit is established; Establish an air temperature model based on the heat balance formula of the tunnel unit or simulation unit and the air temperature vector; The outdoor air temperature of the building envelope and the temperature of the adjacent space are obtained through the time series function; The frequency of the daily varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics of the enclosure structure are obtained, and a heat transfer model of the enclosure structure is established according to the outdoor air temperature, the temperature of the adjacent space, the frequency of the daily varying temperature harmonics and the frequency of the time-varying temperature harmonics.

6. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 5, characterized in that: According to the equilibrium point data, the first-order simulation is performed on the tunnel nodes and tunnel units in the tunnel topology network, and the process of obtaining the coupling coefficient includes: Through the finite element analysis method, combined with the air temperature model, the heat transfer model of the enclosure structure, the mass flow balance equation group and the pressure balance equation group, a tunnel numerical model is established; The tunnel numerical model is coupled and calculated according to the surrounding heat transfer, air temperature and mass flow rate; The tunnel numerical model is analyzed based on the tunnel topology network, mass flow balance values ​​of node balance areas, node heat balance values ​​and unit heat balance values. Set the number of iterations; According to the number of iterations, the tunnel numerical model is iterated to obtain the coupling coefficient; A tunnel temperature model is established based on the coupling coefficient and the tunnel numerical model.

7. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the tunnel topology network, mass flow balance values ​​of node balance areas, node heat balance values ​​and unit heat balance values, the process of analyzing the tunnel numerical model includes: Through the double-layer time step, the calculation time is minimized to obtain the time step; According to the mass flow balance value of the node balance area, the node heat balance value and the unit heat balance value, the mass flow rate and air temperature of the tunnel node, tunnel unit and virtual unit are balanced and adjusted, and the balance adjustment is verified according to the collected data. The tunnel numerical model is coupled and the coupling calculation is repeated iteratively according to the time step until the temperature distribution in the tunnel conforms to the actual situation. By adjusting the number of iterations, the accuracy of the numerical model is controlled to obtain the coupling coefficient of the tunnel unit or virtual unit.

8. The method for constructing a tunnel temperature distribution model based on an Internet of Things terminal according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ventilation airflow distribution of the tunnel is collected, and according to the ventilation airflow distribution and coupling coefficient of the tunnel, the second-order simulation of the tunnel nodes and tunnel units is performed to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model. The process includes: The ventilation airflow distribution in the tunnel is calculated by CFD algorithm, and the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and tunnel units is obtained; According to the air flow distribution in the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units and the ventilation air flow distribution of the tunnel, an air flow distribution diagram of the tunnel nodes and the tunnel units is established; The tunnel temperature model was analyzed secondary through a two-stage simulation method; The coupling coefficient is used as the initial condition to simulate the direction and speed of air inflow and outflow in the tunnel unit to obtain the temperature of the tunnel in a stable state. According to the stable temperature inside the tunnel and the tunnel temperature model, a tunnel thermal pressure ventilation model is established, and a set of equations for the temperature variation of the tunnel unit in the tunnel topology network over time is established; By solving the equation group, the temperature variation diagram of each tunnel unit under different conditions with time is obtained, which is recorded as the temperature vector dynamic diagram of the tunnel unit; According to the temperature vector dynamic diagram of each tunnel unit, the trend trajectory of the temperature change from the initial temperature to the stable state is analyzed to obtain the local phase diagram of the tunnel topological structure network; The local phase diagram of the tunnel topology network and the ventilation airflow distribution diagram are input into the tunnel temperature model to obtain the tunnel temperature distribution model.

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