Self-cleaning perovskite battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-cleaning perovskite battery, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite batteries, the self-cleaning perovskite battery comprises a perovskite battery body, a super-hydrophobic coating is integrated on the perovskite battery body, hydrophobic silicon nanoparticles dispersed by super-hydrophobic colloid are integrated on the perovskite battery body to form the super-hydrophobic coating, and the super-hydrophobic coating is coated on the perovskite battery body. The entrance angle of the super-hydrophobic coating is larger than 167 degrees, and the contact angle lag is smaller than 10 degrees. Compared with a traditional packaging method, the super-hydrophobic coating remarkably improves the water resistance and stability of the perovskite solar cell under different forms of moisture, the coating can effectively resist impact of scattered water drops, and the performance of the perovskite solar cell is enhanced under a certain condition; and long-time stability: the super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cell shows excellent stability in a long-time raindrop impact experiment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite cells, and in particular to a self-cleaning perovskite cell. Background Art

[0002] Self-cleaning perovskite cells are a new type of photovoltaic device that combines perovskite photovoltaic technology with surface self-cleaning function, aiming to improve the long-term efficiency and maintenance convenience of the cell. Perovskite solar cells have rapidly emerged in the photovoltaic field in recent years due to their high energy conversion efficiency and low-cost manufacturing potential. However, due to the sensitivity of perovskite materials to the environment and the significant impact of surface contamination on photoelectric conversion efficiency, researchers have begun to explore the possibility of integrating self-cleaning technology into perovskite cells to solve the above problems.

[0003] Development status of self-cleaning perovskite technology: In the field of self-cleaning technology, common methods include photocatalysis, super-hydrophobic coatings, and self-cleaning effects achieved by using microstructured surfaces. In recent years, these methods have been tried to be applied to perovskite solar cells to reduce the adhesion of surface pollutants and prevent dust, water droplets, etc. from affecting the light transmittance and electrical properties of the cells. The current development focus is on optimizing the materials and structure of the self-cleaning layer so that it has a self-cleaning function without affecting the photoelectric performance of the perovskite cell.

[0004] Key technologies of self-cleaning perovskite technology:

[0005] Super hydrophobic coating: One of the keys to self-cleaning perovskite cells is the use of super hydrophobic coatings. This coating prevents water droplets, dust and other particles from adhering to the surface of the cell. By adding nano-scale hydrophobic materials such as silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide to the outer layer of the perovskite cell, a surface with an extremely high contact angle can be formed, allowing water droplets to carry away dirt as they roll on the surface, achieving a self-cleaning effect.

[0006] Photocatalytic materials: Another key technology is to use photocatalytic materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), as a self-cleaning layer. These materials can decompose organic pollutants under sunlight and have the ability to resist ultraviolet radiation, which enhances the durability of perovskite cells. The photocatalytic self-cleaning layer can not only keep the surface of the cell clean, but also protect the perovskite layer from environmental erosion to a certain extent.

[0007] Surface microstructure design: By designing a special micro-nanostructure surface to simulate the self-cleaning phenomenon in nature (such as the lotus effect), the self-cleaning function can be achieved. This surface design precisely controls the surface morphology so that water droplets cannot spread on the surface and carry away pollutants. Combined with this structural design, perovskite cells can more effectively resist the impact of environmental pollution in practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a self-cleaning perovskite battery, which can significantly improve water resistance and enhance stability.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a self-cleaning perovskite cell, including a perovskite cell body, on which a super-hydrophobic coating is integrated, and hydrophobic silicon nanoparticles dispersed in a super-hydrophobic colloid are integrated into the perovskite cell body to form a super-hydrophobic coating, wherein the super-hydrophobic coating has an approach angle greater than 167° and a contact angle hysteresis less than 10°.

[0010] Furthermore, the super-hydrophobic coating integration method comprises:

[0011] Anti-reflection coating:

[0012] The anti-reflection solution was coated on the perovskite cell body using a dip coating device, with a lifting speed of 90 mm / min, a soaking time of 2 seconds, and a drying time of 10 seconds. The process was repeated several times, and the prepared sample was marked as AR. The AR sample was then annealed at 550°C for 5 hours, and the obtained sample was marked as ARA.

[0013] Applying hydrophobic layer:

[0014] The ARA sample was immersed in the pre-prepared hydrophobic sol for at least 5 h, and then the sample was taken out, dried at room temperature for at least 5 min, and heat-treated at 200 °C for at least 2 h to form a rough nanostructure. The obtained sample was labeled as SSO.

[0015] Enhanced hydrophobicity:

[0016] To enhance the self-cleaning performance, the SSO sample was immersed in HMDS solution for at least 3 h and then dried at 80 °C for at least 1 h. The obtained sample was labeled as SST, which exhibited excellent hydrophobic and antireflective properties.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for preparing the anti-reflection solution comprises:

[0018] 5.75 mL of KH-560 was added dropwise to 92 mL of ethanol, and the mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 1 hour at a stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a first mixture;

[0019] Add 2.3 mL of deionized water and 0.69 g of octadecylamine to the first mixture, and continue stirring for at least 30 minutes to obtain a second mixture;

[0020] 6 g of PEG-2000 as a pore former was added to the second mixture and stirred vigorously for at least 2 hours to ensure that all ingredients were completely dissolved and mixed to obtain a uniform and transparent antireflective solution.

[0021] Furthermore, the preparation method of the hydrophobic sol comprises:

[0022] By the sol-gel method, 4.2 mL of tetraethoxysilane was added to 60 mL of ethanol and stirred for at least 10 min, and 4 mL of hexamethyldisilazane and 6 mL of deionized water were added in sequence and stirred for 30 min and 2 h, respectively;

[0023] The obtained sol was sealed and aged at a constant temperature and humidity for at least 3 days, and the hydrophobic sol was diluted with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:4 to prevent the hydrophobic sol from gelling.

[0024] Furthermore, the method for preparing the HMDS solution in the step of enhancing hydrophobicity includes:

[0025] 1 mL of HMDS was added to 24 mL of isopropanol and stirred at room temperature for at least 10 minutes to obtain a 4 wt % HMDS solution, which was the HMDS solution used in the step of enhancing hydrophobicity.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The significantly improved water resistance of this application: Compared with the traditional encapsulation method, the super-hydrophobic coating significantly improves the water resistance and stability of the perovskite solar cell under different forms of moisture (such as scattered water droplets and water vapor). The coating can effectively resist the impact of scattered water droplets and enhance the performance of the perovskite solar cell under certain conditions;

[0028] Long-term stability: The super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cells showed excellent stability in long-term raindrop impact experiments. The unencapsulated original perovskite solar cells degraded within seconds, while the unencapsulated super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cells remained stable for 12 hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. The embodiments of the present invention are described below in combination.

[0030] A self-cleaning perovskite battery, comprising a perovskite battery body, a super-hydrophobic coating integrated on the perovskite battery body, and hydrophobic silicon nanoparticles dispersed in a super-hydrophobic colloid are integrated on the perovskite battery body to form a super-hydrophobic coating, wherein the super-hydrophobic coating has an approach angle greater than 167° and a contact angle hysteresis less than 10°;

[0031] One of the keys to self-cleaning perovskite cells is the use of super-hydrophobic coatings, which can prevent water droplets, dust and other particles from adhering to the surface of the cell. By adding nano-scale hydrophobic materials such as silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide to the outer layer of the perovskite cell, a surface with an extremely high contact angle can be formed, allowing water droplets to carry away dirt when rolling on the surface, achieving a self-cleaning effect.

[0032] The self-cleaning perovskite cell with super-hydrophobic coating of the present application was verified by raindrop impact experiment: a raindrop impact experiment lasting 12 hours was conducted, and the results showed that the unencapsulated super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cell showed excellent stability under raindrop impact, while the unencapsulated original CPSC degraded within a few seconds;

[0033] The water vapor adsorption experiment was used to verify: the physical adsorption of water vapor on the super-hydrophobic coating at room temperature (relative humidity 65% ​​and 85%) was studied, and it was found that the super-hydrophobic coating can allow the physical adsorption of water vapor;

[0034] Superhydrophobic coating integration methods include:

[0035] Anti-reflection coating:

[0036] The anti-reflection solution was coated on the perovskite cell body using a dip coating device, with a lifting speed of 90 mm / min, a soaking time of 2 seconds, and a drying time of 10 seconds. The process was repeated several times, and the prepared sample was marked as AR. The AR sample was then annealed at 550°C for 5 hours, and the obtained sample was marked as ARA.

[0037] Applying hydrophobic layer:

[0038] The ARA sample was immersed in the pre-prepared hydrophobic sol for at least 5 h, and then the sample was taken out, dried at room temperature for at least 5 min, and heat-treated at 200 °C for at least 2 h to form a rough nanostructure. The obtained sample was labeled as SSO.

[0039] Enhanced hydrophobicity:

[0040] In order to enhance the self-cleaning performance, the SSO sample was immersed in HMDS solution for at least 3 hours and then dried at 80 °C for at least 1 hour. The obtained sample was marked as SST, which was verified by experiments to exhibit excellent hydrophobicity and anti-reflection properties.

[0041] The method for preparing the antireflective solution comprises:

[0042] 5.75 mL of KH-560 was added dropwise to 92 mL of ethanol, and the mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 1 hour at a stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a first mixture;

[0043] Add 2.3 mL of deionized water and 0.69 g of octadecylamine to the first mixture, and continue stirring for at least 30 minutes to obtain a second mixture;

[0044] Add 6 g of PEG-2000 as a pore-forming agent to the second mixture and stir vigorously for at least 2 hours to ensure that all ingredients are completely dissolved and mixed to obtain a uniform and transparent antireflective solution;

[0045] The preparation method of the hydrophobic sol comprises:

[0046] By the sol-gel method, 4.2 mL of tetraethoxysilane was added to 60 mL of ethanol and stirred for at least 10 min, and 4 mL of hexamethyldisilazane and 6 mL of deionized water were added in sequence and stirred for 30 min and 2 h, respectively;

[0047] The obtained sol was sealed and aged at a constant temperature and humidity for at least 3 days, and the hydrophobic sol was diluted with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:4 to prevent the hydrophobic sol from gelling;

[0048] The method for preparing the HMDS solution in the hydrophobicity enhancement step comprises:

[0049] 1 mL of hexamethyldisilazane was added to 24 mL of isopropanol and stirred at room temperature for at least 10 minutes to obtain a 4 wt % HMDS solution, which is the HMDS solution used in the step of enhancing hydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity of the perovskite cell can be enhanced by soaking in the 4 wt % HMDS solution.

[0050] The significantly improved water resistance of this application: Compared with the traditional encapsulation method, the super-hydrophobic coating significantly improves the water resistance and stability of the perovskite solar cell under different forms of moisture (such as scattered water droplets and water vapor). The coating can effectively resist the impact of scattered water droplets and enhance the performance of the perovskite solar cell under certain conditions;

[0051] Long-term stability: The super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cells showed excellent stability in long-term raindrop impact experiments. The unencapsulated original perovskite solar cells degraded within seconds, while the unencapsulated super-hydrophobic perovskite solar cells remained stable for 12 hours.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention is described above in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but it should be noted that the above descriptions are only for explaining the solution of the present invention and cannot be interpreted in any way as a specific limitation on the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the explanation here, those skilled in the art can think of other specific implementation methods or equivalent replacements of the present invention without creative work, and they will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-cleaning perovskite battery, characterized in that: It includes a perovskite battery body, on which a super-hydrophobic coating is integrated. Hydrophobic silicon nanoparticles dispersed in a super-hydrophobic colloid are integrated into the perovskite battery body to form a super-hydrophobic coating. The super-hydrophobic coating has an approach angle greater than 167° and a contact angle hysteresis less than 10°.

2. A self-cleaning perovskite battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super hydrophobic coating integration method comprises: Anti-reflection coating: The anti-reflection solution was coated on the perovskite cell body using a dip coating device, with a lifting speed of 90 mm / min, a soaking time of 2 seconds, and a drying time of 10 seconds. The process was repeated several times, and the prepared sample was marked as AR. The AR sample was then annealed at 550°C for 5 hours, and the obtained sample was marked as ARA. Applying hydrophobic layer: The ARA sample was immersed in the pre-prepared hydrophobic sol for at least 5 h, and then the sample was taken out, dried at room temperature for at least 5 min, and heat-treated at 200 °C for at least 2 h to form a rough nanostructure. The obtained sample was labeled as SSO. Enhanced hydrophobicity: To enhance the self-cleaning performance, the SSO sample was immersed in HMDS solution for at least 3 h and then dried at 80 °C for at least 1 h. The obtained sample was labeled as SST, which exhibited excellent hydrophobic and antireflective properties.

3. A self-cleaning perovskite battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the anti-reflection solution comprises: 5.75 mL of KH-560 was added dropwise to 92 mL of ethanol, and the mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 1 hour at a stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a first mixture; Add 2.3 mL of deionized water and 0.69 g of octadecylamine to the first mixture, and continue stirring for at least 30 minutes to obtain a second mixture; 6 g of PEG-2000 as a pore former was added to the second mixture and stirred vigorously for at least 2 hours to ensure that all ingredients were completely dissolved and mixed to obtain a uniform and transparent antireflective solution.

4. A self-cleaning perovskite battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the hydrophobic sol comprises: By the sol-gel method, 4.2 mL of tetraethoxysilane was added to 60 mL of ethanol and stirred for at least 10 min, and 4 mL of hexamethyldisilazane and 6 mL of deionized water were added in sequence and stirred for 30 min and 2 h, respectively; The obtained sol was sealed and aged at a constant temperature and humidity for at least 3 days, and the hydrophobic sol was diluted with ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:4 to prevent the hydrophobic sol from gelling.

5. A self-cleaning perovskite battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the HMDS solution in the hydrophobicity enhancement step comprises: 1 mL of HMDS was added to 24 mL of isopropanol and stirred at room temperature for at least 10 minutes to obtain a 4 wt % HMDS solution, which was the HMDS solution used in the step of enhancing hydrophobicity.