Oudemansiella raphanipes strain suitable for under-forest cultivation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a black-skin termitomyces albuminosus strain suitable for under-forest cultivation, which is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2024, the preservation address is No.3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.41581. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the black-skin termitomyces albuminosus strain suitable for under-forest cultivation. Compared with the existing black termitomyces albuminosus, the strain provided by the invention has the advantages of strong infectious microbe resistance and disease and pest resistance, high yield, high nutrient content and good taste, and is suitable for popularization and cultivation under forests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungi, and in particular relates to a black-skinned Alpinia albuminosa strain suitable for under-forest cultivation and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Alpinia argentinata is a rare and nutritious edible mushroom rich in various amino acids, making it a dual-purpose food and medicinal mushroom. Its biological characteristics include a black or dark brown cap, a relatively smooth surface, and a thick, firm stem. It thrives in warm, moist soil rich in organic matter. Its nutritional value is high in protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, providing numerous health benefits. Originally a wild mushroom, Alpinia argentinata has been cultivated in greenhouses using bagged materials, thanks to advances in science and technology.

[0003] However, with the development of forest-based economic industries and the increasing demand for high-quality edible mushroom products, the demand for technologies to cultivate high-quality black-skinned Alpinia terrestris under forests is increasing. However, since most strains on the market are only suitable for artificial log or bag cultivation in greenhouses, they suffer from poor disease and pest resistance, low yield, poor quality, and poor environmental adaptability when used in forest cultivation. Therefore, screening black-skinned Alpinia terrestris suitable for under-forest cultivation is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] Castanopsis sclerophylla is an evergreen tree, a precious broad-leaved species in China and a major timber species in southern China. It is relatively free of pests and diseases. Castanopsis sclerophylla seeds are the raw material for making vermicelli and tofu, the tofu made from which is called Castanopsis sclerophylla tofu. Castanopsis sclerophylla nuts contain starch, which, after being soaked in water to remove the astringency, can be made into a variety of original ecological foods such as Castanopsis sclerophylla tofu, Castanopsis sclerophylla rice noodle wrappers, Castanopsis sclerophylla vermicelli, and Castanopsis sclerophylla cakes. Castanopsis sclerophylla promotes ventilation and relieves summer heat, removing stagnation and dissolving blood stasis, and has unique therapeutic effects on dysentery and diarrhea. Castanopsis sclerophylla branches, trunks, and fruits are all good substrates for cultivating edible fungi, providing a suitable environment and nutrients for their growth. However, the prior art does not develop edible fungi cultivated under forests using Castanopsis sclerophylla trees and fruits as raw materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems of unstable quality, low yield, poor quality, and susceptibility to diseases and pests in existing black-skinned albuminus varieties during under-forest cultivation, the present invention screened a new black-skinned albuminus strain suitable for under-forest cultivation under Castanopsis sclerotium forest, and used the trunks, branches and fruits of Castanopsis sclerotium as the strain culture medium, thereby achieving high-yield and high-quality under-forest cultivation of black-skinned albuminus.

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a stress-resistant black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain and a method for cultivating the strain under a forest. The method uses high temperature, high humidity, and green mold contamination as adverse conditions, screens strains with certain stress resistance, and acclimates the strains under these conditions. Through under-forest cultivation and adversity screening of the stress-acclimated strains, several advantageous resistances are combined to obtain a strain of the strain with strong comprehensive stress resistance, effectively solving the current problem of large-scale cultivation of black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii under forests.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: A strain of Alpinia thunbergii suitable for understory cultivation is deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is CGMCC No. 41581, and the deposit date is October 24, 2024. The strain is classified and named: Alpinia thunbergii Oudemansiella raphanipies .

[0008] The present invention also provides mycelia or spores obtained by culturing the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 41581.

[0009] The present invention also provides a fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Capsicum annuum strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 41581.

[0010] The present invention also provides application of the fruiting bodies obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain in preparing food or medicine.

[0011] The black-skinned albuminus mushroom with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 41581 is found and screened from dead Castanopsis scleroderma trees under Castanopsis scleroderma trees in Pearl Peninsula, Pingshan Forest Area, Qiandao Lake Forest Farm, Chun'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain suitable for understory cultivation under forests, the method comprising the following steps: (1) The strain of Alternaria japonica is inoculated into a cultivation bag and cultured until brown nodules appear on the surface of the material, and then it can be transferred to understory cultivation; The cultivation medium in the cultivation bag comprises the following components by weight: 30-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38-43 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 8-12 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla fruits, 0.9-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.9-1.2 parts of lime powder, and 0.9-1.2 parts of sucrose; the above dry materials are added with water to adjust the moisture content of the materials to 63-65%; The culture is generally carried out at a temperature of 24±2° C. in the dark for 40 to 50 days, and then transferred to a scattered light environment for room temperature culture for 150 to 180 days, during which brown nodules are produced on the surface of the culture medium.

[0013] (2) The cultivation bags prepared in step (1) are transported to the forest land and covered with soil for cultivation under the forest. The fruiting bodies are harvested when they grow to maturity, the top length is not less than 4 cm, the cap diameter is not less than 1.5 cm, and the cap does not open.

[0014] The forest land mentioned above is not a first-class national public welfare forest land. It is pollution-free and free of pests and diseases. The soil in the forest land is sandy soil. The stand density is 0.5-0.7 and there is sufficient water source in the forest land.

[0015] Furthermore, priority should be given to selecting forest land with a soil humus layer thickness of 15-20 cm, a pH of 7-8, an altitude of 100-800 m, a forest slope of 30-45°, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, a canopy density of 0.5-0.7, good ventilation and drainage, and clean water sources around.

[0016] The method of soil covering cultivation under the forest is specifically as follows: dead branches, fallen leaves and humus under the forest are cleaned up, a drainage ditch 10cm-25cm deep and 40cm wide is dug in the open space of the forest, the excavated soil is dried and crushed into sandy particles, the soil particles are small, fine and uniform, the cultivation bags are removed and tightly arranged end to end on the bed, placed horizontally, and the mushroom sticks are covered with the previously dried soil until they are completely covered.

[0017] The general management of mushroom production after cultivation is: 7-10 days after covering the soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown fungal films. After that, spray water in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

[0018] The black-skinned albuminus mushroom of the present invention is suitable for cultivation under forests, fully utilizes forest resources, reduces cultivation costs, does not need to build greenhouses, and the cultivation growth of the strain forms a circular ecological chain with the forest land, thereby having ecological and economic benefits.

[0019] The black-skinned albuminus mushroom of the present invention has strong resistance to miscellaneous bacteria, pollution, and diseases and pests, is resistant to high temperature and high humidity, has high yield and high nutrient content, and the yield per mu can reach more than 6,400 kilograms. The cultivated black-skinned albuminus mushroom has high nutritional value, and the protein content and soluble sugar content are increased by more than 30% compared with the strains in the prior art, and the amino acid content and total phenol content are significantly improved. The contents of various trace elements are also significantly improved, and the selenium content is more than twice that of the control CK.

[0020] The black-skinned albuminus mushroom of the invention grows in a natural environment under a forest, has a taste, aroma and shape very similar to those of the albuminus mushroom naturally grown in termite holes, and has great market potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a photo of the fruiting body of the black-skinned Alternaria albuminosa strain CGMCC No.41581 cultivated under the forest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clear, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by technicians.

[0023] Example 1: Relying on the rich wild mushroom resources in Qiandao Lake, the inventor began to collect and evaluate wild strains of black-skinned albuminus in 2022. After stress resistance screening, isolation and identification of the strains, wild black-skinned albuminus strains with good mushroom quality, high yield and high nutritional value were obtained.

[0024] The strain was deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2024, with the deposit address at No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with the deposit number CGMCC No. 41581. The strain's taxonomic name is Oudemansiella raphanipies.

[0025] The screened strains were identified by the genetic testing laboratory of Zhejiang Tianke High-tech Development Co., Ltd. using the fungal LSUD1D2 region gene sequencing identification method (TK / LAB-002-2022). Hymenopellis sp. The fruiting body of this strain is medium to slightly large, with a cap that is hemispherical to gradually flattened, convex or umbilical in the middle with dark radiating stripes, light brown or dark brown to dark brown, smooth, moist, and sticky. The flesh is white, with white gills. The spore print is white. This strain should be merged into Oudemansiella (Odea spp.), trade name: Alpinia argentea.

[0026] The strains screened by the present invention were used in forest cultivation experiments and fruiting body quality comparison experiments with control strains. The control strain was obtained from the Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhejiang Province and is currently the main cultivated variety in China. Specific information is shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Information of tested strains

[0027] 1. Bring the Alpinia cerevisiae strain from storage to room temperature, inoculate it into PDA medium, and rejuvenate it. Reculture it 2-3 times to obtain well-grown colonies. Next, prepare a culture bag for Alpinia cerevisiae cultivation (by weight percentage): 32% cottonseed hulls, 40% Castanopsis sclerotium sawdust, 10% bran, 5% cornstarch, 10% Castanopsis sclerotium fruit, 1% gypsum powder, 1% lime powder, and 1% sucrose. Adjust the moisture content to 63-65%, place it in a polyethylene plastic bag (15 cm x 30 cm), sterilize it, cool it, and inoculate it with the Alpinia cerevisiae strain. Incubate it in the dark at 24±2°C for approximately 45 days. Then, transfer it to a diffuse light environment and incubate it at room temperature for 160 days. Once brown nodules appear on the surface of the bag, it can be cultivated under the forest.

[0028] 2. Forest land selection: Select forest land with a soil humus layer thickness of 18-20 cm, a pH of 7.5-8, an altitude of 100-800 m, a forest slope of 30-45°, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, a canopy density of 0.7, good ventilation and drainage, and clean water sources around the forest land.

[0029] 3. Understory cultivation: Clear away dead branches, fallen leaves, and humus beneath the forest floor. Yellow mud or sandy soil is optimal. Dig a 10cm-25cm deep and 40cm wide drainage ditch in the clearing. Dry the excavated soil and crush it into small, fine, and uniform sand particles. Remove the plastic from the cultivation bags. Arrange the resulting mushroom sticks end to end, tightly together, on the bed, and position them horizontally. Cover the sticks with the previously dried soil until they are completely covered.

[0030] 4. Mushroom management: 7-10 days after covering the soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown fungus films. After that, spray water in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

[0031] 5. Harvesting: Harvest when the top length is not less than 4 cm, the cap diameter is not less than 1.5 cm, and the cap does not open.

[0032] 6. A two-year regional trial was conducted to compare the strain morphology, resistance and quality.

[0033] The results of resistance identification and testing are shown in Table 2. The results show that the new strain of wild black-skinned albuminus has a low contamination rate of foreign bacteria during the entire cultivation and production period, including the period of mycelial cultivation and mushroom production, bag opening, soil covering and fruiting, and has stronger resistance to foreign bacteria than the control; during the fruiting management period, the incidence rate is low and the strain has good disease resistance.

[0034] Table 2 Resistance identification results of two strains

[0035] Characteristics of strains The differences in properties between the new strain of Alternaria japonica and the control CK group are shown in Table 3.

[0036] Table 3 Comparison of the new strain of Alternaria albuminosa and CK

[0037] The results in Table 3 show that the properties of the new strain of Alternaria japonica strain are significantly different from those of the control CK group. The mycelium of the new strain of Alternaria japonica strain grows rapidly, the time used for primordium formation is reduced by more than 4 days compared with the CK group, and the mushroom fruiting period is reduced by about 20 days, which greatly improves production efficiency and increases the yield per mu by about 10%.

[0038] The fruiting bodies were more uniform and the flesh was thicker than that of the CK group. The biological efficiency of the black-skinned Alpinia albuminosa strain of the present invention was also increased by more than 10% compared with the control group, and the yield was higher.

[0039] The mycelium of the new strain, Black-skinned Acanthopanax albuminus, is white and fuzzy, with lock-like joints and branched separations. The colony surface is neat, the aerial mycelium is well-developed, and the stipe is slender, the cap is smooth and round, and the flesh is crisp and tender. The color and quality are very popular among consumers, and it has good commercial value.

[0040] The main quality components of the harvested black-skinned Capsicum albuminum strains and CK fresh fruiting body samples were tested, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0041] Table 4 Comparison of nutrients in Aconitum carinata

[0042] The results in Table 4 show that all the test indicators of the black-skinned Acanthopanax strain meet the national standards for edible fungi, and the main component indicators are better than those of the control group CK. The protein content is increased by about 30%, the ash content is reduced by more than 30% compared with the control, the soluble sugar content is increased by more than 30%, and the contents of various trace elements are significantly improved, among which the selenium content is more than twice that of the control CK. The nutritional value is significantly improved compared with the existing strains.

[0043] In summary, the present invention provides a strain of Alpinia thunbergii cultivated under forests in a simulated wild manner. The strain has stronger disease and insect resistance, higher nutritional value, and high yield, meets market demand, and has good application prospects in the fields of edible fungi, functional foods, etc.

[0044] The above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black-skinned Alpinia solani strain suitable for understory cultivation, deposited in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, the deposit address is No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, the deposit number is CGMCC No.41581, the deposit date is October 24, 2024, and the strain is classified and named: Black-skinned Alpinia solani Oudemansiella raphanipies .

2. Mycelium or spore obtained from the black skinned Alpinia albuminosa strain as claimed in claim 1.

3. The fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black skinned Alpinia thunbergii strain as claimed in claim 1.

4. Use of the fruiting body obtained by cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain as claimed in claim 3 in preparing food or medicine.

5. The method for cultivating the black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain suitable for cultivation under forests as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) The black-skinned Alpinia fasciata strain is inoculated into a cultivation bag and cultured until brown nodules appear on the surface of the material, and then transferred to understory cultivation; (2) The cultivation bags prepared in step (1) are transported to forest land and covered with soil for cultivation under the forest. The fruiting bodies are harvested when they grow to maturity, the length of the top of the fungus is not less than 4 cm, the diameter of the cap is not less than 1.5 cm, and the fungus cap does not open.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (1), the cultivation medium in the cultivation bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38-43 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla sawdust, 8-12 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of corn flour, 8-12 parts of Castanopsis sclerophylla fruits, 0.9-1.2 parts of gypsum powder, 0.9-1.2 parts of lime powder, and 0.9-1.2 parts of sucrose; water is added to the above dry materials to adjust the moisture content of the materials to 63-65%.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The culture in step (1) is carried out at 24±2°C in the dark for 40-50 days, and then transferred to a scattered light environment and cultured at room temperature for 150-180 days, and brown nodules are produced on the surface of the culture medium.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (2), the forest land is not a first-class national public welfare forest land, the forest land is pollution-free and free of pests and diseases, the soil of the forest land is sandy soil, the forest stand density is 0.5-0.7, and the forest land has sufficient water resources.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In the step (2), the method of soil covering cultivation under the forest is as follows: the dead branches, fallen leaves and humus under the forest are cleaned up, a drainage ditch with a depth of 10 cm to 25 cm and a width of 40 cm is dug in the open space of the forest, the excavated soil is dried and crushed into sandy particles, the soil particles are small, fine and uniform, the cultivation bags are closely arranged end to end on the ridge, placed horizontally, and the previously dried soil is used to cover the mushroom stick cultivation bags until they are completely covered.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The management of mushroom production after cultivation is as follows: 7-10 days after covering with soil, the mushroom bags will turn into reddish-brown fungal films. Thereafter, water should be sprayed in the morning and evening to increase humidity and keep the covering soil moist.

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