A quick-drying cooling textile integrating flame retardation, antibiosis, radiation cooling and evaporative cooling, and preparation and application thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of set flame-retardant, antibacterial, radiation cooling, evaporative cooling in one of quick-drying cooling textile and its preparation and application, belong to the field of textile functional finishing technology.The preparation process of the present application is simple, low in cost, and the textile prepared has good flame-retardant, antibacterial, one-way wetting, cooling performance, and can be applied in personal thermal management, fire fighting, building cooling, antibacterial and other fields.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of functional finishing of textiles, and particularly relates to a quick-drying cooling textile integrating flame retardation, antibiosis, radiative cooling and evaporative cooling, and preparation and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, global warming and extreme weather events have become more severe due to the accumulation of greenhouse effect caused by rapid industrial development. People are prone to heat exhaustion and heat stress, cardiovascular and other related diseases when exposed to extreme high temperature environment. Although traditional cooling technologies such as refrigeration, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HAVC) have been widely used indoors, these technologies are at the cost of excessive energy consumption (15% of global electricity), which seriously hinders the realization of the carbon peak and carbon neutralization targets. In addition, such cooling systems will fail in outdoor high temperature conditions. Therefore, it has become an urgent task to develop a sustainable and efficient cooling strategy for human development.

[0003] Textiles, as the "second skin" of the human body, are considered to be an ideal candidate for personal thermal management (PTM) and can dynamically regulate the heat / humidity balance between the body and the environment. In recent years, radiative cooling technology, as a passive heat dissipation process that does not require any energy input, is becoming a frontier in the research of environmentally friendly cooling methods for PTM, which can spontaneously emit solar light (wavelength 0.3-2.5 μm) and human body infrared radiation (HBIR, wavelength 7-14 μm) to the outside environment. For example, the document Hierarchical-morphology metafabric for scalable passive daytime radiative cooling [J]. 2021 (373): 692-700 designs a multi-layer composite microfiber knitted super fabric, in which a 500 μm titanium oxide-polylactic acid woven fabric is laminated with a polytetrafluoroethylene layer. This fabric can cool the human body by 4.8℃ compared with a cotton-covered fabric. However, due to the use of hydrophobic materials and their unfavorable thickness, the cutting-edge passive radiative cooling fabric lacks moisture management capability, resulting in skin discomfort and low cooling efficiency when sweating. In addition, the complex and expensive preparation process further limits its application in PTM textiles.

[0004] According to Mie scattering theory, when the wavelength of a material is close to the size (such as fiber diameter or pore size) of the corresponding object, the material has a large ability to scatter electromagnetic waves. The pores of the porous coating can act as high-efficiency light scatterers to replace the particles in the organic-inorganic light scattering system to reflect sunlight, achieving the effect of radiative cooling. Based on the evaporation-induced phase separation technique, Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling[J].2018(362):315-319 prepared a porous polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer coating, the pore size of which is comparable to the wavelength of sunlight. However, such porous coatings are mostly composed of hydrophobic polymers and closed-cell structures. When the above-mentioned materials are insufficient in terms of heat dissipation, such as when the ambient temperature is close to or exceeds the skin temperature or the body generates excessive heat during intense exercise, their cooling effect is insufficient and even has a negative effect. Therefore, the development of quick-drying cooling textiles should have the advantages of high reflectivity of sunlight, high emissivity of human body infrared, efficient sweat conduction and evaporation, etc. However, it is still a great challenge to coordinate the above heat and moisture transfer processes, reduce sweat consumption, and meet the human thermal comfort requirements.

[0005] Having a comfortable thermal environment is not only an indispensable requirement for normal life of human beings, but also plays a crucial role in human health. Although the technology of refrigeration textiles for personal thermal management (PTM) has developed rapidly in recent years, it is not suitable for special working groups (such as soldiers, firefighters, medical staff, etc.) who need to wear protective clothing in harsh environments, and they urgently need to prevent fires, bacteria, and physical and chemical injuries. Unfortunately, the integration of multifunctionality is often complex, limiting their value. Therefore, there are few reports on the development and preparation technology of flame-retardant, antibacterial, sweat-repellent and refrigeration clothing based on PTM. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a quick-drying cooling textile integrating flame retardation, antibiosis, radiative cooling and evaporative cooling, and its preparation and application, in order to overcome the defects of poor thermal comfort, low cooling efficiency, poor air and moisture permeability, and single function of the cooling textile in the prior art.

[0007] The present application provides a textile composition, which comprises, by weight fraction, cellulose acetate 10-22 parts; solvent 70-85 parts, phytic acid 0-15 parts, calcium chloride 0-3 parts.

[0008] Preferably, the components include cellulose acetate 10-22 parts; solvent 70-85 parts, phytic acid 5-15 parts, calcium chloride 0-3 parts, by weight fraction.

[0009] Further preferably, the components include cellulose acetate 10-22 parts by weight; solvent 70-85 parts by weight, phytic acid 5-15 parts by weight, calcium chloride 0.5-3 parts by weight.

[0010] The phytic acid is an aqueous solution of phytic acid with a mass percentage concentration of 30-70%.

[0011] The present application provides a method for preparing a textile composition, including method 1, method 2 or method 3:

[0012] The method 1 is to mix the components to obtain a textile composition.

[0013] The method 2 is to dissolve cellulose acetate in a solvent, add phytic acid, and stir to obtain a textile composition.

[0014] The method 3 is to dissolve cellulose acetate in a solvent, dissolve calcium chloride in phytic acid, and then mix and stir to obtain a textile composition.

[0015] The stirring is at 200-2000 r / min for 1-8 h.

[0016] The present application provides a functional textile, characterized in that the textile is coated with any of the compositions on the surface of the substrate.

[0017] Preferably, the substrate is a hydrophobic substrate; the hydrophobic substrate includes one or more of nylon, polyester, and polypropylene.

[0018] The present application provides a method for preparing a functional textile, including:

[0019] Any of the compositions is coated on the substrate, and the micro-nano porous coated fabric is obtained after standing and drying.

[0020] Preferably, the standing temperature is 20-30℃, the humidity is 80-100%, the standing time is 0.5-5 h, and further the standing time is 1-4 h.

[0021] Preferably, the coating thickness is 20-200 μm.

[0022] The coating is performed by using a doctor blade coater to coat the composition on the fabric with a certain thickness.

[0023] The drying temperature is 50-90℃.

[0024] The present application provides any of the textile compositions or any of the textiles for use in the fields of personal thermal management, fire protection, building energy saving, and antibacterial applications.

[0025] The application is based on the principle of "like dissolves like", and the intrinsic aqueous solution of phytic acid reagent exhibits strong chelating ability to calcium ions as a hexadentate ligand and generates a stable PA-calcium ion complex that is not easy to hydrolyze. When in contact with cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone, it is more inclined to acetone with stronger polarity than water, so water acts as a non-solvent in the mixed solvent (this process does not require additional water), and phase separation occurs to prepare a micro-nano porous coating that can effectively reflect sunlight and achieve the effect of radiative cooling.

[0026] The cellulose acetate in the application has C-H (900-700cm -1 ), C-O (1382-1300cm -1 ), C-O-C (1260-1110cm -1 ), C-OH (1239-1030cm -1 ) and phytic acid has P=O (1350-1100cm -1 ) and P-O (1100-1050cm -1 ) in the mid-infrared region (MIR) have strong vibration absorption bonds, which can synergistically improve the emissivity of the micro-nano porous coating in the atmospheric window, thereby further enhancing the effect of radiative cooling.

[0027] The application prepares a phytic acid-calcium ion modified cellulose acetate coating with micro-nano pore structure by phase inversion technology, and adopts a scraping method to composite the coating to one side of a hydrophobic fabric. The fabric has spectral selectivity, high specific surface evaporation layer and gradual wetting gradient, and the introduction of phytic acid-calcium ion metal chelate gives the coating excellent flame retardant and antibacterial ability. The preparation process of the application is simple and low in cost, and the prepared textile has good flame retardant, antibacterial, unidirectional moisture transfer, cooling and cooling performance, and can be applied in the fields of personal thermal management, fire fighting, building cooling, antibacterial and the like.

[0028] Beneficial effects

[0029] The cooling fabric in the application has a pore size-wettability double gradient effect, which can quickly, directionally and against gravity transfer water from the hydrophobic layer (the large pore side of the hydrophobic fabric) to the hydrophilic layer (the small pore side of the coating). The super-hydrophilic layer has high specific surface and roughness, which can efficiently absorb and diffuse sweat from the skin, promote the evaporation of sweat on the human skin, and improve the thermal comfort of the human microenvironment. In addition, the synergistic effect between radiative cooling and wicking evaporation cooling can further improve the passive cooling efficiency.

[0030] The temperature-reducing fabric in the present application shows excellent flame-retardant properties due to the introduction of phytic acid and calcium ions. When the material is exposed to a burning environment, the presence of phytic acid and calcium ion chelated water in the material causes the material surface to absorb heat, gasify and form an expanded carbonization at the first time of contact with the flame, thus protecting the internal material. Therefore, compared with the cellulose acetate coating fabric alone, the temperature-reducing fabric greatly improves the flame-retardant efficiency and ensures the safety of the material in the case of fire.

[0031] The temperature-reducing fabric in the present application has good antibacterial effect. On the one hand, the asymmetric wettability of the fabric can quickly transport sweat from the hydrophobic layer (close to the skin side) to the hydrophilic side, greatly avoiding the breeding of bacteria in a humid and hot environment. On the other hand, the introduction of phytic acid-calcium ion chelate can interfere with the adhesion between cells and cause the cell membrane to lose function, achieving the effect of inhibiting bacteria. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not used to limit the scope of the present application. In addition, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present application after reading the content taught by the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

[0033] Cellulose acetate (CA, Mw≈30000, density = 1.3 g / mL, CAS: 9004-35-7) was obtained from Aldrich Reagent Co., Ltd. Phytic acid (PA, Mw = 660, 70% in water, CAS: 83-86-3) was provided by Shanghai Maikelin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Acetone (Mw = 58, CAS: 67-64-1) was provided by National Pharmaceutical Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Calcium chloride (CaCl2, Mw = 110, CAS: 233-140-8) was provided by Shanghai Lingfeng Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] (1) A quick-drying temperature-reducing textile integrating flame retardation, antibiosis, radiative cooling and evaporative cooling, wherein the base of the temperature-reducing textile is a nylon fabric;

[0036] (2) First, 11 g of cellulose acetate is dissolved in 78 g of acetone solution, then 1 g of calcium chloride is dissolved in 10 g of phytic acid (the reagent itself has a mass concentration of 70%) and is placed in the above solution for 4 h of stirring at a speed of 1000 r / min to obtain a precursor solution;

[0037] (3) The precursor solution is coated onto the nylon fabric using a doctor blade coater, and the thickness is 100 μm;

[0038] (4) The coated fabric was placed in a 25 °C, 90% high humidity environment for 2 h;

[0039] (5) Finally, the prepared coated fabric was placed in a 60 °C vacuum oven for complete drying to remove acetone and water.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] (1) A quick-drying cooling textile integrating fire-retardant, antibacterial, radiative cooling, and evaporative cooling, wherein the base of the cooling textile is a nylon fabric;

[0042] (2) First, 11 g of cellulose acetate was dissolved in 78 g of acetone solution, and then 11 g of phytic acid was added to the above solution and stirred at 1000 r / min for 4 h to obtain a precursor solution;

[0043] (3) The precursor solution was coated onto the nylon fabric using a doctor blade coater, with a thickness of 100 μm;

[0044] (4) The coated fabric was placed in a 25 °C, 90% high humidity environment for 2 h;

[0045] (5) Finally, the prepared coated fabric was placed in a 60 °C vacuum oven for complete drying to remove acetone and water.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] (1) A quick-drying cooling textile integrating fire-retardant, antibacterial, radiative cooling, and evaporative cooling, wherein the base of the cooling textile is a nylon fabric;

[0048] (2) First, 22 g of cellulose acetate was dissolved in 78 g of acetone solution and stirred at 1000 r / min for 4 h to obtain a precursor solution;

[0049] (3) The precursor solution was coated onto the nylon fabric using a doctor blade coater, with a thickness of 100 μm;

[0050] (4) The coated fabric was placed in a 25 °C, 90% high humidity environment for 2 h;

[0051] (5) Finally, the prepared coated fabric was placed in a 60 °C vacuum oven for complete drying to remove acetone and water.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] The same as Example 1, except that in step (1), the base of the cooling textile is a polyester fabric.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] The same as Example 1, except in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a cotton fabric.

[0056] Comparative Example 3

[0057] The same as Example 1, except in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a cotton fabric.

[0058] Comparative Example 4

[0059] The same as Example 1, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 25 μm.

[0060] Comparative Example 5

[0061] The same as Example 1, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 50 μm.

[0062] Comparative Example 6

[0063] The same as Example 1, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 150 μm.

[0064] Comparative Example 7

[0065] The same as Example 2, except in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a cotton fabric.

[0066] Comparative Example 8

[0067] The same as Example 2, except in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a cotton fabric.

[0068] Comparative Example 9

[0069] The same as Example 2, except in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a cotton fabric.

[0070] Comparative Example 10

[0071] The same as Example 2, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 25 μm.

[0072] Comparative Example 11

[0073] The same as Example 2, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 50 μm.

[0074] Comparative Example 12

[0075] The same as Example 2, except in step (3), the porous coating thickness is 150 μm.

[0076] Comparative Example 13

[0077] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a polyester fabric.

[0078] Comparative Example 14

[0079] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a polyester fabric.

[0080] Comparative Example 15

[0081] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the substrate of the cooling textile is a polyester fabric.

[0082] Comparative Example 16

[0083] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the thickness of the porous coating is 25 μm.

[0084] Comparative Example 17

[0085] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the thickness of the porous coating is 50 μm.

[0086] Comparative Example 18

[0087] The same as Example 3, except that in step (1), the thickness of the porous coating is 150 μm.

[0088] Effect verification

[0089] The textiles prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-18, as well as the uncoated substrate fabric, were respectively tested for solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity. The specific testing method was to use a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a diffuse reflection integrating sphere to measure the reflectance of the textile in the range of 0.3-2.5 μm, and to use a Fourier spectrometer to measure the emissivity of the textile in the range of 8-14 μm in the human mid-infrared wavelength, and the test results are shown in Table 1:

[0090] Table 1 Reflectance and emissivity test of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-18 and uncoated fabric

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] The textiles prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-18, as well as the uncoated substrate fabric, were respectively tested for solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity. The specific testing method was to use a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a diffuse reflection integrating sphere to measure the reflectance of the textile in the range of 0.3-2.5 μm, and to use a Fourier spectrometer to measure the emissivity of the textile in the range of 8-14 μm in the human mid-infrared wavelength, and the test results are shown in Table 1:

[0094] Table 2 One-way transmission index of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-18 and uncoated fabric

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] The textile prepared according to Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-18 and the uncoated base fabric were tested according to GB / T5454-1997 Textiles - Determination of the limiting oxygen index, and the results are shown in Table 3:

[0098] Table 3 Limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-18 and uncoated fabric

[0099] LOI / % Example 1 32.0 Example 2 28.5 Example 3 23.1 Comparative Example 1 31.8 Comparative Example 2 31.5 Comparative Example 3 30.2 Comparative Example 4 25.8 Comparative Example 5 27.2 Comparative Example 6 33.5 Comparative Example 7 28.4 Comparative Example 8 28.2 Comparative Example 9 26.7 Comparative Example 10 24.9 Comparative Example 11 25.6 Comparative Example 12 28.5 Comparative Example 13 21.0 Comparative Example 14 18.7 Comparative Example 15 18.8 Comparative Example 16 19.3 Comparative Example 17 19.5 Comparative Example 18 19.7 Original nylon fabric in Example 1 22.3 Original polyester fabric in Comparative Example 1 20.7 Original polypropylene fabric in Comparative Example 2 18.6 Original cotton fabric in Comparative Example 3 19.0

[0100] The textile prepared according to Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-18 and the uncoated base fabric were tested according to GB / T2094.3-2008 Textiles - Evaluation of antibacterial properties - Part 3: Shake flask method, using Staphylococcus aureus (AATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli (8099) as test bacteria, to determine the antibacterial rate of different fabric samples and to evaluate their antibacterial effect, and the results are shown in Table 3:

[0101] Table 3 Antibacterial rates of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-18 and uncoated fabric

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] It can be found from Examples 2-3 that, compared with the cellulose acetate coating, the introduction of phytic acid can cause a phase separation process to form a micro-nano porous structure through the "like dissolves like" principle, which can significantly enhance the solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity (8-14 μm) of the coated textile, thereby improving the radiative cooling effect. In addition, the phytic acid with a phosphorus-rich structure can improve the LOI value (flame retardancy) of the textile through the swelling carbonization mechanism. With the further introduction of calcium ions, the phytic acid-calcium ion chelate formed not only further improves the solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity of the coated textile, but also significantly improves the flame retardancy.

[0105] It can be found from Comparative Examples 1-3 that the phytic acid-calcium ion-cellulose acetate coating exhibits excellent solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity for textiles without a base material, which is beneficial to the enhancement of radiative cooling performance. It is worth noting that, since cotton fabric is a hydrophilic base, the coated fabric does not have a one-way moisture transfer effect, while other hydrophobic coated fabrics all exhibit excellent one-way moisture transfer effect.

[0106] It can be found from Comparative Examples 4-6 that the flame retardant performance of the phytic acid-calcium ion-cellulose acetate coating textile is continuously improved with the increase of the coating thickness. However, when the thickness increases from 100 μm to 150 μm, the radiation cooling and one-way moisture transfer performance of the coated textile are not obviously improved.

[0107] It can be found from Comparative Examples 7-9 that, compared with the phytic acid-calcium ion-cellulose acetate coating fabric, the solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity of the phytic acid-cellulose acetate coating textile are slightly decreased, but the radiation cooling effect is still excellent, and it is suitable for different base textile.

[0108] It can be found from Comparative Examples 10-12 that the flame retardant performance of the phytic acid-cellulose acetate coating textile is continuously improved with the increase of the coating thickness. However, compared with the phytic acid-calcium ion-cellulose acetate coating fabric with the same thickness, the flame retardant performance and antibacterial performance are both decreased.

[0109] It can be found from Comparative Examples 13-15 that, compared with the base fabric, the cellulose acetate coating does not have micro-nano pore structure due to no phase separation, so the solar reflectance and mid-infrared emissivity of the cellulose acetate coating fabric are not obviously changed, and the radiation cooling ability is not possessed.

[0110] It can be found from Comparative Examples 16-18 that, with the increase of the coating thickness, the cellulose acetate coating fabric still does not have the flame retardant and antibacterial effects.

Claims

1. A textile fabric, characterized in that, The textile is a composition for coating a substrate surface with textiles; The textile composition comprises, by weight, 10-22 parts cellulose acetate, 70-85 parts solvent, 5-15 parts phytic acid, and 0.5-3 parts calcium chloride; wherein the solvent is acetone. The substrate is a hydrophobic substrate; the hydrophobic substrate includes one or more of nylon, polyester, and polypropylene.

2. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the textile composition includes: dissolving cellulose acetate in a solvent; dissolving calcium chloride in phytic acid; and then mixing the two together and stirring until homogeneous.

3. A method for preparing the textile fabric according to claim 1, comprising: The textile composition is coated onto a substrate, left to stand, and then dried.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The settling temperature is 20-30℃, the humidity is 80-100%, and the settling time is 0.5-5h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coating thickness is 20-200 μm.

6. The application of any one of the textiles described in claims 1 to 2 in the fields of personal thermal management, fire protection, building energy conservation, and antibacterial properties.

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