Fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with communicating channel

Abstract

The fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure comprises fish nest bricks, a vegetation system and a slope protection layer, the slope protection layer is arranged on the surface of a slope soil layer, the fish nest bricks are arranged on the slope protection layer and comprise H-shaped fish nest bricks and inverted-T-shaped fish nest bricks, the H-shaped fish nest bricks are arranged in an up-down staggered and horizontally aligned mode, and the vegetation system is arranged on the slope protection layer. The inverted-T-shaped fish nest bricks and the H-shaped fish nest bricks are arranged in a convex-concave splicing mode, H-shaped hollow spaces are formed in the middles of the H-shaped fish nest bricks, main channels communicated with the H-shaped hollow spaces are formed in the upper and lower surfaces of the H-shaped fish nest bricks, secondary channels communicated with the hollow spaces are formed in the outer walls of the left and right sides of the H-shaped fish nest bricks, and branch channels communicated with the hollow spaces are formed in the inner side walls of the left upper arm and the right lower arm; an inverted-T-shaped hollow space is formed in the inverted-T-shaped fish nest brick, and a side channel communicated with the inverted-T-shaped hollow space is formed in the right side wall of the protruding part. The overall stability of the slope ecological protection layer under the action of stormy waves and animals harmful to the levee can be guaranteed, assembly and replacement can be convenient, construction is rapid, and the technology is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of river bank and embankment ecological protection, in particular to a fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with a connecting passage. Background Art

[0002] Ecological protection of bank slopes is a method of slope protection and ecological restoration that uses green plants or a combination of engineering and green plants. Compared with traditional engineering bank protection, ecological bank protection can not only prevent soil erosion on the slope through vegetation, but also resist river hydraulic erosion. It constructs a small ecosystem on the slope and nearshore waters, providing a place for vegetation and aquatic animals to live and forage.

[0003] Existing ecological revetment technologies, such as ecological concrete revetment and gabion stone cage revetment, mainly utilize concrete and stone cages to improve the slope's ability to resist scour, while planting green plants on the surface. However, this type of ecological revetment structure does not consider the ecological friendliness of aquatic fish.

[0004] At present, fish nest bricks with hollow interiors and cells are laid on river banks to provide fish with habitats. However, existing fish nest bricks are often independent spaces, and fish can only move inside a single fish nest brick. It is also difficult to plant plants after laying fish nest bricks. At the same time, for dike use scenarios, existing fish nest brick-type revetments cannot prevent crayfish and other dike-damaging animals from digging holes on the dike surface, causing hidden dangers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing fish nest brick revetment structure, the present invention provides a fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with a connecting channel, which is composed of fish nest bricks, a vegetation system and a slope protection layer. It can not only ensure the anti-scouring ability of the slope, but also construct a nearshore ecosystem where plants, fish and even birds coexist, while isolating the embankment from damage by dike-damaging animals. It is easy to assemble and replace, fast to construct, simple in process, and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with a connecting passage comprises: fish nest bricks, a vegetation system and a slope protection layer, wherein the slope protection layer is arranged on the surface of the slope soil layer, and the fish nest bricks are placed on the slope protection layer, including H-shaped fish nest bricks and convex-shaped fish nest bricks, wherein the H-shaped fish nest bricks are arranged in an up-down staggered and horizontally aligned manner, and the convex-shaped fish nest bricks and the H-shaped fish nest bricks are arranged in a convex-concave splicing manner, and an H-shaped hollow space is arranged in the middle of the H-shaped fish nest brick, and a main passage connected to the H-shaped hollow space is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces, and the outer walls on the left and right sides are provided with There is a secondary channel connected to the hollow space, and the inner walls of the left upper arm and the right lower arm are provided with branch channels connected to the hollow space; a convex hollow space is provided inside the convex fish nest brick, and a side channel connected to the convex hollow space is provided on the right side wall of the convex part; the secondary channels of the left and right adjacent H-shaped fish nest bricks are aligned and connected, the branch channels of the upper and lower adjacent H-shaped fish nest bricks are aligned and connected, and the branch channels of the H-shaped fish nest bricks at the top and bottom of the bank protection structure are aligned and connected with the side channels of the convex fish nest bricks.

[0008] Furthermore, the H-shaped fish nest brick and the convex-shaped fish nest brick are prefabricated components, which are obtained by making corresponding molds and pouring hydraulic materials, and are made of concrete and cement mortar.

[0009] Furthermore, the main channel is a square hole, which is a channel for fish to enter the fish nest bricks, and is also a growth channel for the vegetation system.

[0010] Furthermore, the secondary channel and the branch channel are elliptical.

[0011] Furthermore, the right upper arm and the left lower arm of the H-shaped fish nest brick have no holes, and serve as independent cells to provide a spawning habitat for fish.

[0012] Furthermore, the H-shaped fish nest brick is overall in an "H" shape, and the convex fish nest brick is overall in a "convex" shape. The H-shaped fish nest brick is located in the middle of the entire ecological revetment structure, and the convex fish nest brick is located at the bottom and top of the entire ecological revetment structure, and the protruding part is spliced ​​with the concave part of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4.

[0013] Furthermore, the side channel of the convex-shaped fish nest brick is elliptical, and the size of the side channel is consistent with the size of the branch channel of the H-shaped fish nest brick.

[0014] Furthermore, the slope protection layer is a permeable geotextile with a grid, which is used to prevent dike-damaging animals from digging holes inside the slope and causing hidden dangers; the vegetation system grows in the main channel of the H-shaped fish nest brick through the grid of the slope protection layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the size of the grid is 2 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the said bank-damaging animals include crayfish. The fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with connecting channels proposed by the present invention has the following progress and advantages over the previous ecological bank protection technology:

[0017] (1) In the ecological revetment structure constructed by the present invention, the fish nest bricks are staggered to form a passage with three directions connected inside the whole, providing a wide activity space for fish. At the same time, each fish nest brick is provided with an independent compartment, which also provides a place for fish to lay eggs;

[0018] (2) In the ecological bank protection structure constructed by the present invention, emergent plants can be planted in the middle of each fish nest brick. The square hole main channel not only provides space for fish to freely enter and exit the fish nest bricks and for plant growth, but also allows birds to prey on fish near the main channel, while fish in other parts of the fish nest bricks are difficult to be preyed on. This allows plants, fish and birds to coexist harmoniously, and is suitable for bank slope ecological protection in wetland areas.

[0019] (3) In the ecological bank protection structure constructed by the present invention, a grid of a certain size is set in the slope protection layer, which ensures the stable contact between the fish nest bricks and the bank slope and the normal exchange of water and soil materials, while preventing crayfish and other dike-damaging animals from entering the bank slope soil and digging holes, causing leakage or even leaks during the flood season.

[0020] (4) The ecological revetment structure constructed by the present invention adopts staggered assembled prefabricated fish nest brick components to construct the slope ecological protection structure, which is very convenient to transport and install. If there are problems such as component damage and vegetation death, it can be easily replaced without destroying the overall structure;

[0021] (5) The present invention comprehensively considers the issues of ecological protection, animal and plant symbiosis, and embankment safety, and can be used for the ecological protection of slopes in projects such as rivers and embankments, as well as the ecological restoration of exposed slopes in natural environments such as wetlands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a slope cross-sectional view of a fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with a connecting channel according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of an H-shaped fish nest brick of a fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with a connecting channel of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view, (c) is a bottom view, and (d) is a projection view of section 1-1 in the top view;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a convex fish nest brick structure diagram of a fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with a connecting channel of the present invention, wherein (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a bottom view;

[0025] Figure 4The present invention is a diagram of stacking fish nest bricks on a slope of a fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with a connecting channel, wherein (a) is a top view and (b) is a bottom view.

[0026] In the figure: 1—fish nest brick; 2—slope protection layer; 3—vegetation system; 4—H-shaped fish nest brick; 5—convex-shaped fish nest brick; 6—main channel; 7—secondary channel; 8—branch channel; 9—cell; 10—side channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides a fish nest brick ecological bank protection structure with a connecting channel, comprising a fish nest brick 1, a vegetation system 3 and a slope protection layer 2, wherein the fish nest bricks include an H-shaped fish nest brick 4 and a convex-shaped fish nest brick 5.

[0029] Please refer to further Figure 2 The H-shaped fish nest brick 4 is a prefabricated component, which is obtained by making a corresponding mold and pouring a hydraulic material, and can be made of concrete, cement mortar, etc.; the whole is "H"-shaped, with an H-shaped hollow space in the middle, an opening at the bottom, and a width of 30 to 50 cm; a square hole main channel 6 is provided in the middle of the surface of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4, and fish enter the H-shaped hollow space inside the fish nest brick 1 through the main channel 6, which is also the growth channel of the vegetation system 3; an elliptical secondary channel 7 is provided on both sides of the "H" shape, which is convenient for fish to swim to the H-shaped hollow space of the left and right adjacent fish nest bricks, so as to facilitate the horizontal swimming of fish; the left upper arm and the right lower arm of the "H" shape are provided with an inward elliptical branch channel 8, through which fish can swim to the H-shaped hollow space of the upper and lower fish nest bricks, so as to facilitate the swimming of fish along the slope; the right upper arm and the left lower arm of the "H" shape are not perforated, and serve as independent cells 9 to provide fish with a spawning habitat.

[0030] Please refer to further Figure 3 The material of the convex fish nest brick 5 is consistent with that of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4, and the whole is in a "convex" shape, with a convex hollow space inside, an opening at the bottom, and a width matching that of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4; an outward elliptical side channel 10 is provided on the right side of the convex part, and its size is consistent with that of the elliptical branch channel 8 of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4. At the top or bottom of the revetment structure, fish can swim to the convex hollow space of the convex fish nest brick 5 through the branch channel 8 and the side channel 10.

[0031] The slope protection layer 2 is a permeable geotextile with a certain size of mesh, the mesh size of which is about 2 cm, which is used to prevent crayfish and other dike-damaging animals from digging holes inside the slope and causing hidden dangers; at the same time, the roots of the vegetation system 3 first pass through the mesh of the slope protection layer 2 before planting. If the size is large, the mesh at the corresponding position on the slope protection layer 2 will be cut off before planting, ensuring that the mesh size formed by the plant stems and the slope protection layer 2 is not larger than the mesh size before damage; after planting, the vegetation grows in the square hole main channel 6 of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4.

[0032] refer to Figure 4 During installation and arrangement, the slope protection layer 2 is laid on the surface of the bank slope and is tightly attached to the surface soil, and the fish nest bricks 1 are laid on the slope protection layer 2. The H-shaped fish nest bricks 4 are located in the middle of the entire ecological revetment structure. The H-shaped fish nest bricks 4 are staggered up and down and aligned horizontally, so that the secondary channels 7 are aligned and connected left and right, and the branch channels 8 are aligned and connected up and down; the convex fish nest bricks 5 are located at the bottom and top of the entire ecological revetment structure, and the convex part is spliced ​​with the concave part of the H-shaped fish nest bricks 4, and the side channels 10 are aligned and connected with the branch channels 8 of the H-shaped fish nest bricks 4; all channels form an interconnected whole inside the fish nest bricks 1, such as Figure 4 As shown, perpendicular to the slope direction, the inner space of the fish nest brick is entered and exited through the square hole main channel 6, horizontally, the left and right adjacent fish nest bricks are entered and exited through the secondary channel 7, along the inclined direction of the slope, the upper and lower adjacent fish nest bricks are entered and exited through the branch channel 8, and the top and bottom fish nest bricks are entered and exited through the branch channel 8 and the side channel 10.

[0033] The vegetation system 3 is selected according to the dominant species of emergent plants at the location of the bank protection structure, and is planted into the slope soil layer through the openings of the slope protection layer 2 and the H-shaped fish nest bricks 4.

[0034] The fish nest brick 1 of the present invention is provided with channels in three directions, and after being stacked to form a whole, multiple directions of communication can be realized inside, so that fish can swim in the space inside the fish nest brick 1 and live and lay eggs inside the brick. The present invention uses the fish nest brick with channels to construct an ecological protection system for fish and vegetation to coexist and protect the embankment slope, which can not only ensure the overall stability of the ecological protection layer of the slope under the action of wind and waves and animals that harm the embankment, but also facilitate assembly and replacement, fast construction, simple process, and significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0035] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with a connecting channel, characterized in that: include: The invention relates to a fish nest brick (1), a vegetation system (2) and a slope protection layer (3), wherein the slope protection layer (3) is arranged on the surface of the slope soil layer, the fish nest brick (1) is placed on the slope protection layer (3), and comprises an H-shaped fish nest brick (4) and a convex-shaped fish nest brick (5), the H-shaped fish nest brick (4) is arranged in an up-down staggered and horizontally aligned manner, the convex-shaped fish nest brick (5) and the H-shaped fish nest brick (4) are arranged in a convex-concave splicing manner, an H-shaped hollow space is arranged in the middle of the H-shaped fish nest brick (4), the upper and lower surfaces are provided with a main channel (6) communicating with the H-shaped hollow space, and the outer walls on the left and right sides are provided with a secondary channel (6) communicating with the hollow space. The convex-shaped fish nest brick (5) has a convex-shaped hollow space inside, and a side channel (10) communicating with the convex-shaped hollow space is provided on the right side wall of the convex part; the secondary channels (7) of the H-shaped fish nest bricks (4) adjacent to each other on the left and right are aligned and communicated with each other on the left and right sides, the branch channels (8) of the H-shaped fish nest bricks (4) adjacent to each other on the top and bottom are aligned and communicated with each other on the top and bottom sides, and the branch channels (8) of the H-shaped fish nest bricks (4) at the top and bottom of the revetment structure are aligned and communicated with the side channels (10) of the convex-shaped fish nest bricks (5) on the top and bottom sides.

2. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The H-shaped fish nest brick (4) and the convex-shaped fish nest brick (5) are prefabricated components, which are obtained by making corresponding molds and pouring hydraulic materials, and are made of concrete and cement mortar.

3. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The main channel (6) is a square hole, which is a channel for fish to enter the fish nest brick (1) and is also a growth channel for the vegetation system (2).

4. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary channel (7) and the branch channel (8) are elliptical.

5. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The right upper arm and the left lower arm of the H-shaped fish nest brick (4) are not perforated, and serve as independent cells (9) to provide a spawning habitat for fish.

6. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The H-shaped fish nest brick (4) is in an "H" shape as a whole, and the convex-shaped fish nest brick (5) is in a "convex" shape as a whole. The H-shaped fish nest brick (4) is located in the middle of the entire ecological revetment structure, and the convex-shaped fish nest brick (5) is located at the bottom and top of the entire ecological revetment structure, and the convex part is spliced ​​with the concave part of the H-shaped fish nest brick 4.

7. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The side channel (10) of the convex fish nest brick (5) is elliptical, and the size of the side channel (10) is consistent with the size of the branch channel (8) of the H-shaped fish nest brick (4).

8. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The slope protection layer (3) is a permeable geotextile with a grid, which is used to prevent dike-damaging animals from digging holes inside the bank slope and causing hidden dangers; the vegetation system (2) grows in the main channel (6) of the H-shaped fish nest brick (4) through the grid of the slope protection layer (3).

9. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The size of the grid is 2 cm.

10. The fish nest brick ecological revetment structure with connecting passages as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The pests include crayfish.

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