Tunnel construction realistic method and micro-step excavation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel construction realistic method and a micro-step excavation method, and the realistic method comprises the following steps: firstly, dividing construction procedures; then, determining content information of the realistic record; then, based on the working time of the working procedures, determining a restriction factor restricting the construction efficiency in each working procedure; and finally, optimizing the obtained restriction factors, and perfecting the construction method. The micro-step excavation construction method comprises the following steps: cleaning a tunnel face, and carrying out measurement and construction preparation; drilling operation of upper and lower steps is carried out; blasting operation is conducted based on drilling; carrying out danger elimination and roof finding; deslagging while going up and down steps; trimming the working surface; lagging jack installation of upper and lower steps is carried out; and spraying concrete on the upper and lower steps simultaneously, and entering the next construction cycle. According to the method, the length of the step between the inverted arch and the tunnel face is effectively controlled, railway tunnel construction safety accidents are greatly reduced, and tunnel construction safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation and support, and specifically relates to a realistic tunnel construction method and a micro-step excavation method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of high-speed railway construction in my country, railway construction has gradually developed towards remote mountainous areas, and the proportion of tunnel projects has increased day by day. Tunnel excavation and support is an important part of tunnel construction. At present, the main tunnel excavation and support methods include full-section method, step method, double-side wall pilot method, etc. The excavation methods used under different surrounding rock conditions are different. When the surrounding rock changes, the tunnel excavation and support methods need to be frequently changed, which increases the process conversion time; at the same time, in the process of tunnel excavation and support, a large number of excavation rigs, arch frame installation rigs, etc. are used, resulting in a large number of rigs, frequent entry and exit, and long construction steps.

[0003] Therefore, combined with engineering practice, a realistic tunnel construction method and a micro-step excavation method suitable for grade III and IVa surrounding rock without the need for method conversion were summarized. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention is proposed to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and its purpose is to provide a realistic tunnel construction method and a micro-step excavation method.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a tunnel construction realistic method, comprising the following steps: First, the construction process is divided; Then, determine the content information of the realistic record; Then, based on the operation time of each process, determine the restricting factors that restrict the construction efficiency in each process; Finally, the obtained constraint factors are optimized and the construction method is improved.

[0006] Furthermore, the content information includes the personnel organization, machinery configuration, operation time, and process status of each process.

[0007] A micro-step excavation method based on a realistic tunnel construction method comprises the following steps: A. Clean the face, conduct measurement and construction preparation; B. Perform drilling operations on upper and lower steps; C. Blasting operations based on drilling; D. Carry out risk elimination and top search; E. Slag is discharged while going up and down the steps; F. Trimming of the working surface; G. Install the arch frame for the upper and lower steps; H. Spray concrete on the upper and lower steps simultaneously and enter the next construction cycle.

[0008] Furthermore, step A cleans the tunnel face, performs measurements and prepares for construction. The specific process is as follows: First, clean the tunnel face, measure and lay out the lines, and set up the construction scaffolding; Then, the surveyors use surveying instruments to accurately determine the location of the tunnel face and the excavation contour line; Finally, the workers clean the shotcrete and slag on the face according to the obtained position and excavation contour.

[0009] Furthermore, step B performs the upper and lower step drilling operation, and the specific process is as follows: First, move the trolley into position; Then, the drilling workers carry out drilling operations simultaneously on the upper and lower steps according to the hole arrangement.

[0010] Furthermore, step C performs blasting operations based on drilling, and the specific process is as follows: First, clean the hole while going up and down the steps; Then, after the hole is cleaned, charge the material, and strictly control the depth and amount of charge; Finally, after loading is completed and personnel have been confirmed to have evacuated, blasting can be carried out.

[0011] Furthermore, step D is to eliminate danger and find the top, and the specific process is as follows: First, ventilation is performed after blasting; Then, the trolley moves backwards and the excavator clears the danger and locates the top.

[0012] Furthermore, step E performs slag discharge while going up and down the steps, and the specific process is as follows: Loaders and transport vehicles enter the site and discharge slag simultaneously on the upper and lower steps.

[0013] Furthermore, step F is to trim the working surface, and the specific process is as follows: The trolley is in place and the operators carry out work surface and trimming.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The patent of this invention proposes a realistic method for tunnel construction and a micro-step excavation method applicable to grade III and IVa surrounding rock without the need for method conversion. The realistic method of tunnel construction analyzes the constraints in personnel organization, machinery configuration, operation cycle and other aspects of each process, clarifies the relevant contents such as step height, length, personnel organization, construction efficiency, etc., enables the construction site to quickly adapt to this method, improves the progress of tunnel excavation construction, ensures construction safety, and is conducive to the safe and rapid completion of tunnel excavation and support.

[0015] The construction method of the present invention is suitable for tunnels with a single-head excavation length of less than 1,000 meters. It requires little investment and requires fewer construction personnel, and has the characteristics of less manpower and good efficiency. This construction method can be further extended to strata with frequent interlacing of grade III, IV, and V surrounding rocks; at the same time, this realistic method can be further extended to various types of construction organization analysis, providing means for improving construction efficiency and analyzing restrictive factors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a construction flow chart in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the micro-step method in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, a realistic method for tunnel construction comprises the following steps: First, the construction process is divided; Then, determine the content information of the realistic record; Then, based on the operation time of each process, determine the restricting factors that restrict the construction efficiency in each process; Finally, the obtained constraint factors are optimized and the construction method is improved.

[0018] The content information includes the personnel organization, machinery configuration, operation time and process status of each process.

[0019] Specifically, through realistic on-site work, a micro-step excavation method suitable for grade III and IVa surrounding rock without the need for method conversion is proposed.

[0020] A micro-step excavation method based on a realistic tunnel construction method comprises the following steps: A. Clean the face, conduct measurement and construction preparation; B. Perform drilling operations on upper and lower steps; C. Blasting operations based on drilling; D. Carry out risk elimination and top search; E. Slag is discharged while going up and down the steps; F. Trimming of the working surface; G. Install the arch frame for the upper and lower steps; H. Spray concrete on the upper and lower steps simultaneously and enter the next construction cycle.

[0021] Step A: Clean the tunnel face, conduct measurement and construction preparation. The specific process is as follows: First, clean the tunnel face, measure and lay out the lines, and set up the construction scaffolding; Then, the surveyors use surveying instruments to accurately determine the location of the tunnel face and the excavation contour line; Finally, the workers clean the shotcrete and slag on the face according to the obtained position and excavation contour.

[0022] Step B performs the upper and lower step drilling operation, and the specific process is as follows: First, move the trolley into position; Then, the drilling workers carry out drilling operations simultaneously on the upper and lower steps according to the hole arrangement.

[0023] Step C is based on drilling and blasting operations. The specific process is as follows: First, clean the hole while going up and down the steps; Then, after the hole is cleaned, charge the material, and strictly control the depth and amount of charge; Finally, after loading is completed and personnel have been confirmed to have evacuated, blasting can be carried out.

[0024] Step D is to eliminate danger and find the top, the specific process is as follows: First, ventilation is performed after blasting; Then, the trolley moves backwards and the excavator clears the danger and locates the top.

[0025] Step E is to discharge slag while going up and down the steps. The specific process is as follows: Loaders and transport vehicles enter the site and discharge slag simultaneously on the upper and lower steps.

[0026] Step F is to trim the working surface, and the specific process is as follows: The trolley is in place and the operators carry out work surface and trimming.

[0027] Specifically, step G is to install the arch frame of the upper and lower steps, and the specific process is as follows: First, the arch frame is transported to the site, and the operators install the upper and lower step arch frames; Then, the upper and lower step arch frames include locking feet and anchor rod advance support.

[0028] Specifically, in step H, the upper and lower steps are sprayed with concrete simultaneously, and the next construction cycle is entered. The specific process is as follows: The wet spraying robot enters the site and sprays concrete on the upper and lower steps simultaneously. After the spraying is completed, it enters the next cycle.

[0029] The construction method of the present invention is mainly suitable for high-speed railway single-hole double-track tunnels in Grade III surrounding rock and Type IVa composite lining section surrounding rock sections and inverts without steel frames. It adopts a micro-step two-step excavation method, namely: the upper step and the lower step are excavated once, and the invert is excavated once.

[0030] Specifically, the height of the upper steps should be 6.5 to 7 meters, and the length of the steps should be 3 to 5 meters.

[0031] Specifically, the cross section of the micro-step method construction is as follows: Figure 2 The excavation depth per cycle of the surrounding rock of grade III should not be greater than 4m; the excavation depth per cycle of the surrounding rock section of type IVa composite lining section should not be greater than 3m; the excavation length of the invert should not be greater than 6m.

[0032] Specifically, when the surrounding rock of the tunnel face deteriorates or other special circumstances occur, the construction method can be quickly adjusted to a temporary invert method or CD method. The initial support can be quickly closed and completed, the step length can be shortened, and the distance between the invert and the second lining and the tunnel face meets the design and specification requirements. Example

[0033] Through a realistic work analysis of tunnel construction, the micro-step method can increase the construction surface, provide space for drilling operations, increase the number of drilling operators by 3, add 2 air guns, and improve drilling efficiency. At the same time, it can reduce the number of charging and blasting operators by 2. The trolley is equipped with an arch lifting device, and the number of arch installation operators in the surrounding rock section of the Type IVa composite lining section can be reduced by 4.

[0034] The micro-step method can shorten the process connection time and improve the construction efficiency. For Grade III surrounding rock, the use of micro-step trolley can save 2.5 hours per cycle compared with simple trolleys; for Type IVa composite lining section surrounding rock sections, the use of micro-step trolley can save 3.5 hours per cycle compared with simple trolleys.

[0035] During the construction process, the advance per cycle of Grade III surrounding rock is 3.2m, the daily advance by step method is 4.3m, the monthly advance is 128m, the daily advance by micro-step method is 5m, the monthly advance is 149m, which can improve the construction efficiency by 16.1%; the advance per cycle of Type IVa composite lining section surrounding rock section is 3m, the daily advance by step method is 3.5m, the monthly advance is 105m, the daily advance by micro-step method is 4.2m, the monthly advance is 127m, which can improve the construction efficiency by 20.6%.

[0036] The patent of this invention proposes a realistic method for tunnel construction and a micro-step excavation method applicable to grade III and IVa surrounding rock without the need for method conversion. The realistic method of tunnel construction analyzes the constraints in personnel organization, machinery configuration, operation cycle and other aspects of each process, clarifies the relevant contents such as step height, length, personnel organization, construction efficiency, etc., enables the construction site to quickly adapt to this method, improves the progress of tunnel excavation construction, ensures construction safety, and is conducive to the safe and rapid completion of tunnel excavation and support.

[0037] The construction method of the present invention is suitable for single-headed tunnels with a length of less than 1,000 meters. It requires little investment and requires fewer construction personnel, and has the characteristics of less manpower and good efficiency. This construction method can be further extended to strata with frequent interlacing of grade III, IV, and V surrounding rocks, and can also be further extended to various types of tunnel engineering construction such as highways, conventional railways, and subways; at the same time, this realistic method can be further extended to various types of construction organization analysis, providing means for improving construction efficiency and analyzing constraints, including but not limited to software development, web page development, etc.

Claims

1. A realistic method for tunnel construction, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, the construction process is divided; Then, determine the content information of the realistic record; Then, based on the operation time of each process, determine the restricting factors that restrict the construction efficiency in each process; Finally, the obtained constraint factors are optimized and the construction method is improved.

2. A tunnel construction realistic method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The content information includes the personnel organization, machinery configuration, operation time and process status of each process.

3. A micro-step excavation method based on a realistic tunnel construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. Clean the face, conduct measurement and construction preparation; B. Perform drilling operations on upper and lower steps; C. Blasting operations based on drilling; D. Carry out risk elimination and top search; E. Slag is discharged while going up and down the steps; F. Trimming of the working surface; G. Install the arch frame for the upper and lower steps; H. Spray concrete on the upper and lower steps simultaneously and enter the next construction cycle.

4. The micro-step excavation method based on the realistic method of tunnel construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step A: Clean the tunnel face, conduct measurement and construction preparation. The specific process is as follows: First, the tunnel face is cleaned, the lines are measured and laid out, and the construction scaffolding is erected; Then, the surveyors use surveying instruments to accurately determine the location of the tunnel face and the excavation contour line; Finally, the workers clean the shotcrete and slag on the face according to the obtained position and excavation contour.

5. The micro-step excavation method of a realistic tunnel construction method according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step B performs the upper and lower step drilling operation, and the specific process is as follows: First, move the trolley into position; Then, the drilling workers carry out drilling operations simultaneously on the upper and lower steps according to the hole arrangement.

6. The micro-step excavation method based on the realistic method of tunnel construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step C is based on drilling and blasting operations. The specific process is as follows: First, clean the hole while going up and down the steps; Then, after the hole is cleaned, charge the material, and strictly control the depth and amount of charge; Finally, after loading is completed and personnel have been confirmed to have evacuated, blasting can be carried out.

7. The micro-step excavation method based on the realistic method of tunnel construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step D is to eliminate danger and find the top, the specific process is as follows: First, ventilation is performed after blasting; Then, the trolley moves backwards and the excavator clears the danger and finds the top.

8. The micro-step excavation method based on the realistic method of tunnel construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step E is to discharge slag while going up and down the steps. The specific process is as follows: Loaders and transport vehicles enter the site and discharge slag simultaneously on the upper and lower steps.

9. The micro-step excavation method based on the realistic method of tunnel construction according to claim 3 is characterized by: Step F is to trim the working surface, and the specific process is as follows: The trolley is in place and the operators carry out work surface and trimming processing.

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