Anchor net integrated mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method capable of being folded and contracted

Abstract

The invention discloses a foldable and retractable anchor net integrated mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method, and belongs to the technical field of safety prevention and control and monitoring of mining industry and geotechnical engineering. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps that a, anchoring holes (8) are formed in the surface of a rock wall (6) through operation; b, a foldable anchor net mechanism is fixed to the surface of the rock wall (6); c, arranging a sensor for monitoring displacement information and spatial change of the rock wall (6); d, performing mode division on the state of the rock wall (6); and e, taking corresponding measures according to the current mode of the rock wall (6). According to the foldable and retractable anchor net integrated mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method, an existing anchor net mechanism is utilized, anchor nets are combined into a whole to form an anchor net integrated structure, and the displacement and the space change of the surrounding rock are monitored while the surrounding rock is protected. And the anchor net mechanism is designed into a foldable structure, so that the storage and the transportation are convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method integrating a foldable and retractable anchor net, belonging to the technical field of mining and geotechnical engineering safety prevention and control and monitoring. Background Art

[0002] The surrounding rock of mines is subject to the dangers of spalling, roof collapse, water inrush and rock burst, which not only cause support failure and affect the progress of the project, but also cause earthquakes, posing a direct threat to workers and equipment. With the continuous increase in underground space development and mining depth, the ground stress is getting higher and higher, and the frequency and intensity of mine surrounding rock disasters have increased significantly. Safety issues need to be solved urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control and monitoring technology.

[0003] In the prior art, anchor support and anchor mesh support are currently the more common means for surrounding rock prevention and control, and while supporting with anchor rods, the surrounding rock status can also be detected, such as: the technical solution disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with application number 201510055146.0, application date February 3, 2015, and patent name "A real-time monitoring method for anchor pad pressure of mine surrounding rock disasters", and the technical solution disclosed in the Chinese invention patent with application number 201710415092.3, application date June 5, 2017, and patent name "Real-time monitoring method for energy release and buffering of surrounding rock disasters in underground space".

[0004] However, for anchor mesh support, due to its large prevention and control area, it has its own advantages compared to anchor rod support. However, due to the cumbersome construction of the mesh, in the prior art, the anchor mesh is more often used to achieve its disaster prevention and control function. The application number is 202310498734.6, the application date is May 6, 2023, and the Chinese invention patent named "A prevention and control structure for rock burst tunnels" discloses a technical solution. In this technical solution, NPR steel bars and NPR steel fiber concrete mold lining construction technology are used to form a secondary lining structure. This structure can further regulate the rock burst disaster of the tunnel surrounding rock through the high strength and high toughness characteristics of the NPR material, absorb the energy released by the deformation of the rock burst of the tunnel surrounding rock, and avoid the rock burst disaster from causing harm to the tunnel space. However, the problem with this technical solution is that the arrangement of the mesh structure is relatively cumbersome. Therefore, based on the prior art, a disaster prevention and control method based on anchor mesh support is proposed, which has a simple structure and has both protection and monitoring effects, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method which utilizes the existing anchor net mechanism to form an integrated anchor net structure after the anchor nets are combined into one, which can protect the surrounding rock while monitoring the displacement and spatial changes of the surrounding rock.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: the mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step a, drilling a plurality of anchor holes on the rock wall surface of the mine surrounding rock disaster area; Step b, fixing the anchor net mechanism on the surface of the rock wall, and connecting all the anchor net mechanisms into one; Step c: arranging sensors in each anchor net mechanism to monitor the displacement information and spatial changes of the rock wall; Step d, dividing the state of the rock wall into modes according to the monitoring data of the sensors in the anchor net mechanism; Step e: taking corresponding measures according to the current mode of the rock wall.

[0007] Preferably, the anchor net mechanism includes an anchor rod and an anchor net, the anchor rod is fixed in the anchor hole, the anchor rod passes through the center of the anchor net, and the anchor net is in contact with the rock wall.

[0008] Preferably, a pad is provided on the outside of the anchor net, the anchor rod passes through the center of the pad, and a fixing nut is also provided on the side of the pad facing away from the anchor hole, and the fixing nut is threadedly connected to the anchor rod.

[0009] Preferably, the anchor net includes an articulated ring, a plurality of frames are radially arranged on the articulated ring, a plurality of connecting strips are evenly arranged between any two adjacent frames, the connecting strips are arranged along the extension direction of the frames, and a net body is arranged in any closed-loop structure formed by the connecting strips and the frames.

[0010] Preferably, the frame is rotatably connected to the hinge ring.

[0011] Preferably, the sensor comprises a magnetic grating sensor and a gyroscope arranged on each anchor net, wherein the magnetic grating in the magnetic grating sensor is arranged on the surface of the frame, and the magnetic head is fixed on the surface of the magnetic grating.

[0012] Preferably, in step d, the state of the rock wall is divided into modes, and the mode division is based on: Mode 1: The displacement information of the skeleton is obtained through the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton, and the displacement information of the surrounding rock does not change. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and the spatial position information of the surrounding rock does not change.

[0013] Mode 2: The displacement information of the skeleton is obtained through the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton, and there is a continuous small relative displacement in a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock; the spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and there is a continuous small spatial position change in a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it means that the current surrounding rock is in mode 2.

[0014] Mode three, the displacement information of the skeleton is obtained through the magnetic grid sensor on the skeleton, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock undergoes obvious relative displacement. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock undergoes obvious spatial position changes. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it means that the current surrounding rock is in mode three.

[0015] Mode four, the displacement information of the skeleton is obtained through the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton. If the displacement signal disappears, it indicates that the skeleton or sensor is damaged. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net. If the spatial position information changes dramatically or the signal disappears, when at least one of the above conditions is met, it indicates that the current surrounding rock is in mode four.

[0016] Preferably, in step e, when the surrounding rock is in mode 1 in step d, it indicates that the surrounding rock is stable, no deformation or damage has occurred, and no further prevention and control measures are needed.

[0017] When the surrounding rock is in mode 2 in step d, it indicates that the flexible net or sensor is damaged and further prevention and control measures are required.

[0018] When the surrounding rock is in mode three in step d, it indicates that the surrounding rock is damaged or affected by dynamic loads, and special monitoring should be strengthened and further prevention and control measures should be taken.

[0019] When the surrounding rock is in mode 4 in step d, it indicates that the flexible net or sensor is damaged and further prevention and control measures are required.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In the mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with foldable and retractable anchor net integrated, the existing anchor net mechanism is utilized, and the anchor nets are combined into one to form an anchor net integrated structure, which not only protects the surrounding rock, but also monitors the displacement and spatial changes of the surrounding rock.

[0021] In the present invention, the foldable and retractable anchor net integrated mine rock disaster prevention and control method, the anchor net mechanism is designed as a foldable structure. Before arranging the anchor net, all the skeletons can be folded. When the anchor net mechanism needs to be supported, the skeleton is unfolded, so it is easy to place and transport. In the present invention, the foldable and retractable rigid-flexible composite net is used to realize the integration of anchor nets, the coordination of anchor rods, nets and surrounding rocks, and the rapid interconnection between nets. The construction is convenient and fast, economical and practical, safe and reliable, and disasters can be effectively avoided.

[0022] In the mine rock disaster prevention and control method with an integrated foldable and retractable anchor net, a magnetic grid sensor is arranged on the skeleton, and the relative displacement and motion information between the magnetic head and the magnetic scale is obtained in real time through a monitoring circuit. A gyroscope sensor is arranged in the flexible net to obtain the three-dimensional spatial state change of the flexible net, and the real-time change of the anchor rod, the anchored surrounding rock and the net is obtained. Further measures are taken according to the monitoring situation to ensure safety.

[0023] Through the mine rock disaster prevention and control method integrated with the foldable and retractable anchor net, the entire monitoring process does not affect the normal progress of the subsequent projects, the monitoring data analysis is simple, and further intelligent measures can be taken according to the monitoring results, which can realize the real mine rock disaster prevention and control and save construction and material costs.

[0024] The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable anchor net can be applied to surrounding rock roof fall, large deformation, dynamic disasters, etc., and is applicable to any area of ​​surrounding rock. The foldable rigid-flexible composite net is applicable to any anchor support and has a wide range of applications. It can realize large-scale monitoring of surrounding rock and grasp the situation of the entire surrounding rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with an integrated foldable and retractable anchor net.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control system with integrated anchor net.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA section view.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0029] Among them: 1, connecting strip 2, mesh body 3, frame 4, pad 5, fixing nut 6, rock wall 7, connecting plate 8, anchor hole 9, anchoring agent 10, anchor rod 11, hinged ring 12, magnetic head 13, magnetic grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Figures 1 to 4 The best embodiment of the present invention is shown below in conjunction with the attached Figures 1 to 4 The present invention is further described.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net (hereinafter referred to as the prevention and control method) comprises the following steps: Step 1001, constructing anchor holes 8 on the surrounding rocks in the disaster prevention and control area; Drilling operations are performed on the surface of the rock wall 6 in the surrounding rock area of ​​the mine surrounding rock disaster to form a plurality of anchor holes 8 (see Figure 3 ), and clean the anchor hole 8. The hole diameter and hole depth are determined in combination with the surrounding rock anchoring design.

[0032] Step 1002, arranging an anchor net mechanism on the surrounding rock surface; The anchor net mechanism is fixed on the surface of the rock wall 6, such as Figure 2~3 As shown, the anchor net mechanism includes an anchor rod 10 , which is inserted into an anchor hole 8 and is filled and fixed by an anchoring agent 9 .

[0033] A pad 4 is provided at the end of the anchor hole 8, and an anchor rod 10 passes through the center of the pad 4. A fixing nut 5 is also provided on the side of the pad 4 facing away from the anchor hole 8. The fixing nut 5 is threadedly connected to the anchor rod 10, and the pad 4 is fixed at the end of the anchor hole 8 by the fixing nut 5.

[0034] An anchor net is also provided between the pad 4 and the rock wall 6, and the anchor net is closely attached to the rock wall 6 through the pad 4. The anchor net includes a hinged ring 11, and a plurality of hinged plates are evenly arranged on the outer ring of the hinged ring 11, and a frame 3 is hinged at each hinged plate, so that a plurality of frames 3 are radially arranged on the outer ring of the hinged ring 11. And the frames 3 are all rotatably connected to the hinged ring 11, so before arranging the anchor net, all the frames 3 can be folded for easy placement and transportation. The frames 3 are made of rigid material, and the diameter of the pad 4 is larger than the diameter of the hinged ring 11, so after the pad 4 is fixed by the fixing nut 5, the frames 3 in the unfolded state can be attached to the rock wall 6.

[0035] Between any two adjacent frames 3, a plurality of connecting bars 1 are evenly arranged, the connecting bars 1 are arranged along the extension direction of the frames 3, and the two ends of the connecting bars 1 are respectively connected to the two adjacent frames 3. In any closed-loop structure formed by the connecting bars 1 and the frames 3, a net body 2 is arranged, and the rock wall 6 is protected by the net body.

[0036] In this prevention and control method, any mesh of the net body 2 is hexagonal, the length and width of a single piece of the overall rigid-flexible composite net do not exceed 2m, the mesh spacing changes with the distance from the anchor rod, the minimum mesh spacing is not higher than 2cm, and the maximum is not higher than 7cm.

[0037] Two adjacent anchor nets are connected by at least one connecting plate 7, so that all anchoring mechanisms are connected as a whole. When the connecting plate 7 is connected, the two adjacent frames 3 in the two adjacent anchor nets are fixed by a conventional fixing structure (such as bolts).

[0038] Step 1003, arranging sensors on the surface of the anchor net mechanism; Combination Figure 4 In each anchor net, at least one frame 3 is provided with a magnetic grating sensor on its surface. In the present control method, the magnetic grating sensor adopts a static magnetic head type magnetic grating sensor known in the art. The magnetic grating 13 in the magnetic grating sensor is arranged on the surface of the frame 3, and the magnetic head 12 is fixed on the surface of the magnetic grating 13. To ensure the measurement accuracy, the frame 3 is made of non-magnetic rigid material, preferably stainless steel.

[0039] At the same time, a gyroscope is arranged on the surface of the net body 2 of each anchor net to obtain the three-dimensional spatial state changes of the flexible net and obtain the real-time changes of the anchor rod, anchoring surrounding rock and net.

[0040] Step 1004, real-time monitoring of surrounding rock through the anchor net mechanism; After the anchoring mechanism is arranged and the communication between the sensor and the controller is realized, the magnetic grating sensor and the gyroscope arranged on the surface of the anchoring mechanism monitor the state of the surrounding rock, and the magnetic grating sensor and the gyroscope send the monitored data to the controller.

[0041] Step 1005, determining the preset mode satisfied by the surrounding rock state; The controller uses the data sent by the magnetic grid sensor and the gyroscope to judge the current state of the surrounding rock and determine the current mode of the surrounding rock. In this prevention and control method, the following modes are preset: Mode 1: The displacement information of the skeleton 3 is obtained by the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton 3, and the surrounding rock has no displacement information change; the spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained by the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and the surrounding rock has no spatial position change.

[0042] Mode 2: The displacement information of the skeleton 3 is obtained through the magnetic grid sensor on the skeleton 3, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has a continuous small relative displacement; the spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has a continuous small spatial position change. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it means that the current surrounding rock is in mode 2. When the displacement change of the surrounding rock or / and the airborne position change is 1~10mm within a unit time (such as a day), it means that the surrounding rock has a continuous small relative displacement.

[0043] Mode 3: The displacement information of the skeleton 3 is obtained through the magnetic grid sensor on the skeleton 3, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has obvious relative displacement. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has obvious spatial position changes. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it means that the current surrounding rock is in mode 3. When the displacement change of the surrounding rock or / and the change of the airborne position is greater than 10mm within a unit time (such as a day), it means that the surrounding rock has obvious relative displacement.

[0044] Mode four, the displacement information of the skeleton 3 is obtained through the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton 3. If the displacement signal disappears, it indicates that the skeleton 3 or the sensor is damaged. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net. If the spatial position information changes dramatically or the signal disappears, when at least one of the above conditions is met, it indicates that the current surrounding rock is in mode four.

[0045] Step 1006, taking corresponding measures according to the preset mode of the surrounding rock state; When the surrounding rock is in mode 1 in step 1005, it indicates that the surrounding rock is stable, no deformation or damage has occurred, and no further prevention and control measures are needed.

[0046] When the surrounding rock is in the second mode in step 1005, it indicates that the flexible net or the sensor is damaged, and further prevention and control measures need to be taken.

[0047] When the surrounding rock is in mode three in step 1005, it indicates that the surrounding rock is damaged or affected by dynamic loads, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take further prevention and control measures.

[0048] When the surrounding rock is in mode 4 in step 1005, it indicates that the flexible net or the sensor is damaged, and further prevention and control measures need to be taken.

[0049] The specific working process and working principle are as follows: First, a plurality of anchor holes 8 are formed by drilling on the surface of the rock wall 6 in the surrounding rock area of ​​the mine rock disaster, and the anchor holes 8 are cleaned, and then the anchor rods 10 are installed in the anchor holes 8 and filled and fixed by the anchoring agent 9. The framework 3 of the anchor net is unfolded and attached to the surface of the rock wall 6, and the anchor rods 10 are passed through the hinge ring 11. The backing plate 4 is arranged outside the hinge ring 11 and fixed by the fixing nut 5. The backing plate 4 is fixed at the end of the anchor hole 8 by the fixing nut 5, and the framework 3 of the anchor net is fitted with the rock wall 6.

[0050] Between any two adjacent frames 3, a plurality of connecting bars 1 are evenly arranged, the connecting bars 1 are arranged along the extension direction of the frames 3, and the two ends of the connecting bars 1 are respectively connected to the two adjacent frames 3. In any closed-loop structure formed by the connecting bars 1 and the frames 3, a net body 2 is arranged, and the rock wall 6 is protected by the net body.

[0051] In each anchor net, a magnetic grating sensor is arranged on the surface of at least one skeleton 3, wherein the magnetic grating 13 in the magnetic grating sensor is arranged on the surface of the skeleton 3, and the magnetic head 12 is fixed on the surface of the magnetic grating 13. At the same time, a gyroscope is arranged on the surface of the mesh body 2 of each anchor net to obtain the three-dimensional spatial state changes of the flexible net.

[0052] After the anchoring mechanism is arranged and the communication between the sensor and the controller is realized, the magnetic grid sensor and the gyroscope arranged on the surface of the anchoring mechanism monitor the state of the surrounding rock, and the magnetic grid sensor and the gyroscope send the monitored data to the controller. The controller judges the current state of the surrounding rock through the data sent by the magnetic grid sensor and the gyroscope, determines the current mode of the surrounding rock, and then takes corresponding measures according to the preset mode of the surrounding rock state.

[0053] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net, characterized in that: The steps include: Step a, drilling a plurality of anchor holes (8) on the surface of a rock wall (6) in a surrounding rock disaster area of ​​a mine; Step b, fixing the foldable anchor net mechanism on the surface of the rock wall (6), and connecting all the anchor net mechanisms into one; Step c, arranging sensors in each anchor net mechanism to monitor the displacement information and spatial changes of the rock wall (6); Step d, dividing the state of the rock wall (6) into modes according to the monitoring data of the sensors in the anchor net mechanism; Step e, taking corresponding measures according to the current mode of the rock wall (6).

2. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 1 is characterized by: The anchor net mechanism comprises an anchor rod (10) and an anchor net, wherein the anchor rod (10) is fixed in an anchor hole (8), the anchor rod (10) passes through the center of the anchor net, and the anchor net is in contact with a rock wall (6).

3. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 2 is characterized by: A backing plate (4) is arranged on the outside of the anchor net, and the anchor rod (10) passes through the center of the backing plate (4). A fixing nut (5) is also arranged on the side of the backing plate (4) facing away from the anchor hole (8), and the fixing nut (5) is threadedly connected to the anchor rod (10).

4. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The anchor net comprises an articulated ring (11), a plurality of frames (3) are radially arranged on the articulated ring (11), a plurality of connecting bars (1) are evenly arranged between any two adjacent frames (3), the connecting bars (1) are arranged along the extension direction of the frames (3), and a net body (2) is arranged in any closed loop structure formed by the connecting bars (1) and the frames (3).

5. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 4 is characterized by: The frame (3) is rotatably connected to the hinge ring (11).

6. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable anchor net according to claim 4 is characterized by: The sensor comprises a magnetic grating sensor and a gyroscope arranged on each anchor net, wherein the magnetic grating (13) in the magnetic grating sensor is arranged on the surface of the frame (3), and the magnetic head (12) is fixed on the surface of the magnetic grating (13).

7. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step d, the state of the rock wall (6) is divided into modes, and the basis for the mode division is: Mode 1: The displacement information of the frame (3) is obtained by the magnetic grid sensor on the frame (3), and the surrounding rock has no displacement information change; the spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained by the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and the surrounding rock has no spatial position change; Mode 2: The displacement information of the frame (3) is obtained by the magnetic grid sensor on the frame (3), and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has a continuous small relative displacement; the spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained by the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock has a continuous small spatial position change. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it indicates that the current surrounding rock is in mode 2; Mode three, the displacement information of the frame (3) is obtained by the magnetic grid sensor on the frame (3), and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock undergoes obvious relative displacement. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained by the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net, and a certain area of ​​the surrounding rock undergoes obvious spatial position change. When at least one of the above conditions is met, it indicates that the current surrounding rock is in mode three; Mode four, the displacement information of the skeleton (3) is obtained through the magnetic grating sensor on the skeleton (3). If the displacement signal disappears, it indicates that the skeleton (3) or the sensor is damaged. The spatial position information of the flexible net is obtained through the gyroscope sensor on the flexible net. If the spatial position information changes drastically or the signal disappears, when at least one of the above conditions is met, it indicates that the current surrounding rock is in mode four.

8. The mine surrounding rock disaster prevention and control method with integrated foldable and retractable anchor net according to claim 7 is characterized by: In step e, when the surrounding rock is in mode 1 in step d, it indicates that the surrounding rock is stable, no deformation or damage has occurred, and no further prevention and control measures are required; When the surrounding rock is in mode 2 in step d, it indicates that the flexible net or sensor is damaged, and further prevention and control measures need to be taken; When the surrounding rock is in mode 3 in step d, it indicates that the surrounding rock is damaged or affected by dynamic loads, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take further prevention and control measures; When the surrounding rock is in mode 4 in step d, it indicates that the flexible net or sensor is damaged and further prevention and control measures are required.

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