Absorption type combined cooling heating and power system and method driven by hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses an absorption type combined cooling heating and power system and method driven by a hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell temperature control, a hydrogen fuel cell, a solar heat collector and an absorption type heat pump system are coupled, heat management of the hydrogen fuel cell is achieved, and the safety and stability of a hydrogen fuel cell system are improved. The heat storage water tank is heated through waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell and the solar heat collector, heat source water is generated to directly supply heat to a user, the absorption heat pump system is driven to generate cold energy and heat energy to supply cold and supplement heat to the user, meanwhile, the hydrogen fuel cell is used for supplying power to the user, and efficient multi-stage utilization of energy is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell temperature control, and in particular to an absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power system and method driven by a hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy. Background Art

[0002] Absorption heat pumps are gradually attracting people's attention due to their efficient use of low-grade thermal energy, environmental friendliness, low operating costs and versatility. Absorption heat pumps can use heat sources such as solar energy and waste heat as driving force, making the system operating costs lower. In addition, their electricity consumption accounts for 5% to 10% of the total energy consumption. At the same time, absorption heat pumps have fewer mechanical moving parts, do not contain compressors, and have low operating noise.

[0003] Solar energy is a clean, renewable energy source. Using solar thermal collectors for heating can reduce fossil fuel consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and be environmentally friendly. However, the efficiency of solar thermal collectors is highly dependent on sunlight conditions. On cloudy or rainy days, or during winter when sunlight is insufficient, the heat collection effect decreases significantly, affecting the performance of the heating system.

[0004] Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Their theoretical maximum efficiency can reach 60%-80%, but heat dissipation usually accounts for 20% to 40% of the total energy. If this heat is not managed, it will cause uneven heating of the internal parts of the fuel cell and increase the temperature, thereby affecting the output power and overall performance of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0005] However, as fuel cells operate, their temperature continues to rise, eventually exceeding their optimal operating temperature. This degrades system performance and creates safety risks. The challenge currently being addressed is how to ensure the safe and stable operation of hydrogen fuel cells while utilizing solar collectors to assist in driving an absorption heat pump system to meet user cooling and heating needs.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the problems and shortcomings in the existing technology, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell and solar-driven absorption combined heating, cooling and power system and method. The first purpose is to control the temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell so that it operates in an optimal temperature range and improve the safety and stability of the system. The second purpose is to use the waste heat of the hydrogen fuel cell to provide heating for users and at the same time drive the absorption heat pump system to provide cooling for users.

[0008] The technical concept of the present invention is: The battery is cooled by transferring waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell, and this waste heat is used to directly provide heat to users or drive an absorption heat pump system to provide cooling and supplemental heating to users. When the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell is insufficient to drive the absorption heat pump system, solar collectors can be used to assist, forming a coupled system of hydrogen fuel cell waste heat and solar energy. If solar heat is still insufficient, the electricity from the hydrogen fuel cell can be used as an auxiliary, ultimately achieving a system that provides combined cooling, heating, and electricity.

[0009] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: A hydrogen fuel cell and solar-powered absorption combined cooling, heating and power system comprises a hydrogen fuel cell, which supplies power to users via an inverter, a hot water storage tank, a solar collector and an absorption heat pump system.

[0010] The hot water storage tank is electrically connected to the inverter, and is connected to the water inlet and outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell's cooling system to form a cooling loop. Heat is supplied directly to users through the heating port, and heat is supplied to the absorption heat pump system through water pump 1. When the system is operating, low-temperature cooling water enters from the water inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell's cooling system, absorbs heat inside the hydrogen fuel cell, and heats up. Subsequently, this high-temperature cooling water flows out from the water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell's cooling system and enters the hot water storage tank for heat exchange, thereby cooling the hydrogen fuel cell and heating the hot water storage tank. In addition, under year-round direct heating, the heat source water in the hot water storage tank can directly deliver heat to the user end after reaching the set temperature.

[0011] The present invention also includes a water supply tank for the hydrogen fuel cell and solar-powered absorption combined cooling, heating, and power system. This water supply tank is connected to the cold water inlet of the hot water storage tank via a water supply valve, used to replenish cold water into the hot water storage tank. When the water temperature in the hot water storage tank exceeds the optimal operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell, the water supply valve is opened to cool the hot water storage tank, ensuring safe and stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell. Furthermore, as the hot water in the hot water storage tank is consumed, the water supply is replenished by controlling the opening and closing of the water supply valve, ensuring a constant sufficient water level in the hot water storage tank.

[0012] The solar thermal collector is connected to the hot water tank and is used to heat the water therein. It is equipped with a light intensity sensor that detects light intensity and controls the operation or deactivation of the solar thermal collector based on a comparison of the detection result with a preset value. When the temperature in the hot water tank falls below the set value, the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell cannot directly provide heating. At this time, the solar thermal collector is used to assist in heating the hot water tank based on the light conditions. If the conditions are not met, the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is used to electrically heat the hot water tank. If the conditions are met, the solar thermal collector is used to heat the water in the hot water tank.

[0013] The absorption heat pump system includes a generator, whose refrigerant outlet is connected to a condenser, which is connected to an evaporator via a throttle valve. The refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to the refrigerant inlet of the absorber, and the cooling port of the evaporator is connected to a user cooling terminal to form a cooling circulation loop. Specifically, the evaporator is connected to the user cooling terminal, water pump 2, and shut-off valve 1 in sequence via the cooling port to form a cooling circulation loop.

[0014] The absorbent outlet of the absorber is connected to the absorbent inlet of the generator through the solution pump, the first group of ports of heat exchanger 2, and the first group of ports of heat exchanger 1 in sequence, and the absorbent inlet of the absorber is connected to the absorbent outlet of the generator through the second group of ports of heat exchanger 2.

[0015] In addition, the absorber is connected to the condenser and the user heating terminal in sequence through other ports to form a supplementary heating circulation loop. Specifically, a water pump 3 is also provided on the supplementary heating circulation loop, which is connected between the condenser and the user heating terminal.

[0016] The hot water storage tank is connected to the second group of ports of the heat exchanger 1 through the water pump 1 to form a heating circulation loop, which is used to heat the absorbent entering the generator through the heat exchanger 1.

[0017] In order to improve the efficiency of the heating circulation loop, water pump 1 is connected to the evaporator and the heat storage tank in sequence through stop valve 2 to form a heating circulation loop, which is used to improve the efficiency of the supplementary heating circulation loop.

[0018] More specifically, stop valve 2 is connected to water pump 1 through tee 1, the inlet of tee 1 is connected to the outlet of water pump 1, the first outlet is connected to the inlet of stop valve 2, and the second outlet is connected to the inlet of the second group of ports of heat exchanger 1; the evaporator is connected to the hot water storage tank through tee 2, the outlet of tee 2 is connected to the hot water storage tank, the first inlet is connected to the outlet of the evaporator, and the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the second group of ports of heat exchanger 1.

[0019] When the temperature of the heat source water in the hot water storage tank meets the requirements for driving the absorption heat pump system, the absorption heat pump system starts and operates. The absorption heat pump system operates as follows: in the generator, the refrigerant temperature and pressure rise, and the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor enters the condenser, condensing into a medium-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant liquid. After throttling and reducing the pressure through a throttle valve, it enters the evaporator. The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor enters the absorber and mixes with the dilute lithium bromide solution to form a dilute lithium bromide solution. The dilute lithium bromide solution in the absorber is then pumped through heat exchangers 2 and 1 for sufficient heat exchange, achieving a temperature rise before entering the generator. In the generator, the dilute lithium bromide solution heats up, evaporating the aqueous solution and converting it into a concentrated lithium bromide solution. The dilute lithium bromide solution is then heated in heat exchanger 2 and returned to the absorber.

[0020] Absorption heat pump system cooling cycle working mode: Open stop valve 1 and close stop valve 2. The chilled water exchanges heat with the refrigerant inside the evaporator, lowering its temperature before being delivered to the user to deliver cooling. After absorbing the user's heat, it is then pumped by water pump 2 through stop valve 1 and returned to the evaporator, forming a continuous cooling cycle.

[0021] Absorption heat pump system supplementary heating working mode: Close stop valve one, open stop valve two, and start water pump three. At this time, the supplementary heating circulation loop and the heating circulation loop of the absorption heat pump system are working.

[0022] The supplemental heating loop operates as follows: low-temperature hot water from the user first passes through an absorber, absorbing the heat released when the lithium bromide solution combines with water vapor. It then passes through a condenser, absorbing the heat released by the refrigerant as it condenses, ultimately becoming high-temperature hot water. This hot water is pumped to the user by three pumps, providing supplemental heat delivery. After absorbing the user's cooling energy, it returns to the absorber, forming a continuous cycle.

[0023] The heating circuit operates as follows: Heat source water from the hot water storage tank is diverted through T-junction 1, with a portion flowing as a low-temperature heat source through stop valve 2 into the evaporator. After sufficient heat exchange, it flows back through T-junction 2. This allows some of the heat from the hot water storage tank to enter the evaporator as a heat source, increasing the evaporator's heat absorption. Furthermore, this increases the heat dissipation of the condenser, thereby improving the efficiency of the supplemental heating circuit.

[0024] In addition, another part of the heat source water coming out of the hot water storage tank is diverted through the tee and used as the driving heat source of the generator. It is heated by the dilute lithium bromide solution in the heat exchanger 2 and then enters the tee and merges with the other part of the heat source water and enters the hot water storage tank.

[0025] The present invention also discloses a method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell and solar-powered absorption-type combined cooling, heating, and power system, which is used to control the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell and solar-powered absorption-type combined cooling, heating, and power system, and includes the following steps: The temperature of the hot water storage tank is monitored in real time. When the temperature of the hot water storage tank is detected to be lower than a first set temperature, it is determined that the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell cannot meet the direct heating conditions. At the same time, the light intensity sensor is monitored to see whether it is greater than a first threshold. If the light intensity sensor is greater than the first threshold, the solar thermal collector is activated to assist in heating the hot water storage tank. If the light intensity sensor is not greater than the first threshold, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is used to heat the hot water storage tank. When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank is higher than the first set temperature and lower than the second set temperature, the heat source water in the hot water storage tank heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell can be directly used for heating. The heating port of the hot water storage tank is opened to directly supply heat to the user. At the same time, it is monitored whether the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the second threshold value: if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the second threshold value, the solar thermal collector is activated to assist in heating the hot water storage tank. If the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is not greater than the second threshold value, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell is used to heat the hot water storage tank. When the temperature of the hot water storage tank is monitored to be higher than the second set temperature and lower than the third set temperature, it is determined that the heat source water in the hot water storage tank heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell can be directly heated and can drive the absorption heat pump system to operate. The heating port of the hot water storage tank is opened to directly supply heat to the user, and the absorption heat pump system is started at the same time to enter the cooling working mode or the supplementary heating working mode; When the temperature of the hot water storage tank is monitored to be higher than the third set temperature, it is determined that the temperature of the hot water storage tank has exceeded the optimal operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the water supply valve is opened to supply cold water to the hot water storage tank.

[0026] The first threshold is 500 W / m 2 , the second threshold is 700 W / m 2 The first set temperature is 45℃, the second set temperature is 70℃, and the third set temperature is 80℃. When the temperature of the hot water tank is higher than the second set temperature and lower than the third set temperature: The specific steps for the absorption heat pump system to enter the cooling operation mode include: opening the first stop valve, closing the second stop valve, and supplying cooling to the user cooling terminal through the cooling circulation loop; The specific steps for the absorption heat pump system to enter the supplementary heating working mode include: closing the stop valve 1, opening the stop valve 2, and supplying heat to the user's heating terminal through the supplementary heating circulation loop; Stop valve 1 is set on the return pipe of the cooling circulation loop formed by connecting the evaporator and the user's cooling terminal; stop valve 2 is set on the heating circulation loop formed by connecting water pump 1, evaporator, and hot water storage tank in sequence, and is located between the evaporator and water pump 1.

[0027] The combined cooling, heating and power system of the present invention is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell via a heat storage tank and is provided as a water supply tank for the water storage tank to cool the hydrogen fuel cell, thereby achieving heat management of the hydrogen fuel cell and improving the safety and stability of the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0028] In addition, the advantage of solar thermal collectors is that they can provide stable heat when there is sufficient sunlight. By coupling hydrogen fuel cells with solar thermal collectors, the absorption heat pump system is driven by waste heat to generate cooling and heat, meeting users' needs for cooling and heating, and realizing efficient multi-level utilization of energy.

[0029] The control method of the present invention controls and adjusts the combined cooling, heating and power system by detecting the temperature and light conditions of the hot water storage tank, ensuring the stable operation of the system, thereby achieving long-term continuous supply of cooling, heating and electricity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the hydrogen fuel cell and solar-driven absorption combined cooling, heating and power system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a logic diagram of the control method for the absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power supply driven by a hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy of the present invention; 1. Absorber; 2. Solution pump; 3. Heat exchanger 2; 4. Heat exchanger 1; 5. Generator; 6. Condenser; 7. Throttle valve; 8. Evaporator; 9. User; 10. Water pump 2; 11. Stop valve 1; 12. Water pump 3; 13. Hot water storage tank; 14. Water pump 1; 15. Three-way valve 1; 16. Three-way valve 2; 17. Stop valve 2; 18. Solar collector; 19. Hydrogen fuel cell; 20. Water supply tank; 21. Inverter; 22. Water supply valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will further illustrate the technical means adopted to achieve the predetermined inventive objectives of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Example: See Figure 1 As shown, a hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption combined cooling, heating and power system includes a hydrogen fuel cell 19, which supplies power to a user 9 through an inverter 21, and also includes a hot water storage tank 13, a solar collector 18 and an absorption heat pump system.

[0033] The hot water storage tank 13 is electrically connected to the inverter 21 and to the water inlet and outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 19's cooling system, forming a cooling loop. This system directly supplies heat to the user 9 via the heat supply port and heats the absorption heat pump system via water pump 14. During system operation, low-temperature cooling water enters the hydrogen fuel cell 19's cooling system's water inlet, absorbs heat within the hydrogen fuel cell 19, and heats up. This high-temperature cooling water then flows out of the hydrogen fuel cell 19's cooling system's outlet and enters the hot water storage tank 13 for heat exchange, cooling the hydrogen fuel cell 19 and heating the hot water storage tank 13. Furthermore, under year-round direct heating, the heat source water in the hot water storage tank 13 can be directly delivered to the user 9 after reaching the set temperature. If the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell is unable to raise the water temperature in the hot water storage tank to the required heating level, the hydrogen fuel cell powers the hot water storage tank via the inverter, electrically heating it to raise the temperature within the hot water storage tank to meet the user's heating needs or to operate the absorption heat pump system.

[0034] In addition, the hydrogen fuel cell and solar-powered absorption-type combined cooling, heating, and power system of this embodiment also includes a water replenishment tank 20, which is connected to the cold water inlet of the hot water storage tank 13 via a water replenishment valve 22 and is used to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank 13. When the temperature of the water in the hot water storage tank 13 exceeds the optimal operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell 19, the water replenishment valve 22 is opened to cool the hot water storage tank 13 and ensure the safe and stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 19. Furthermore, as the hot water in the hot water storage tank 13 is continuously consumed, the water replenishment amount is controlled by opening and closing the water replenishment valve 22 to ensure that the hot water tank 13 always has a sufficient amount of water.

[0035] The solar thermal collector 18 is connected to the hot water tank 13 and is used to heat the water therein. It is equipped with a light intensity sensor that detects light intensity and controls the operation or deactivation of the solar thermal collector 18 based on a comparison of the detection result with a preset value. When the temperature within the hot water tank 13 falls below a set value, the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 cannot directly provide heat. At this time, the solar thermal collector is determined to be able to assist in heating the hot water tank 13 based on the light conditions. If not, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 is used to electrically heat the hot water tank 13. If so, the solar thermal collector 18 is used to heat the water within the hot water tank 13.

[0036] The absorption heat pump system includes a generator 5, a condenser 6, a throttle valve 7, an evaporator 8, an absorber 1, a solution pump 2, a heat exchanger 1 4 and a heat exchanger 2 3; The refrigerant outlet of generator 5 is connected to condenser 6, which is connected to evaporator 8 via throttle valve 7. The refrigerant outlet of evaporator 8 is connected to the refrigerant inlet of absorber 1. The cooling port of evaporator 8 is connected to the cooling terminal of user 9 to form a cooling circulation loop. Specifically, evaporator 8 is connected to the cooling terminal of user 9, water pump 2 10, and stop valve 11 in sequence through the cooling port to form a cooling circulation loop.

[0037] The absorbent outlet of absorber 1 is connected to the absorbent inlet of generator 5 through solution pump 2, the first group of ports of heat exchanger 2 3, and the first group of ports of heat exchanger 1 4 in sequence, and the absorbent inlet of absorber 1 is connected to the absorbent outlet of generator 5 through the second group of ports of heat exchanger 2 3.

[0038] In addition, the absorber 1 is connected to the condenser 6 and the user 9 heating terminal in sequence through other ports to form a supplementary heating circulation loop. Specifically, a water pump 3 12 is also provided on the supplementary heating circulation loop, connected between the condenser 6 and the user 9 heating terminal.

[0039] The hot water storage tank 13 is connected to the second group of ports of the heat exchanger 4 via the water pump 14 to form a heating circulation loop for heating the absorbent entering the generator 5 through the heat exchanger 4.

[0040] To improve the efficiency of the heating circuit, water pump 14 is connected to the evaporator 8 and the hot water storage tank 13 via shutoff valve 2 17, forming a heating circuit. This circuit is used to enhance the efficiency of the supplementary heating circuit. Specifically, evaporator 8 also has a set of heating ports. The inlet of these heating ports is connected to water pump 14 via shutoff valve 2 17, and the outlet is connected to the hot water storage tank 13, forming a heating circuit to increase the heat absorption of the evaporator.

[0041] More specifically, the stop valve 17 is connected to the water pump 14 through the tee 15, the inlet of the tee 15 is connected to the outlet of the water pump 14, the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the stop valve 17, and the second outlet is connected to the inlet of the second group of ports of the heat exchanger 4; the evaporator 8 is connected to the hot water storage tank 13 through the tee 16, the outlet of the tee 16 is connected to the hot water storage tank 13, the first inlet is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 8, and the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the second group of ports of the heat exchanger 4.

[0042] When the heat source water in the hot water storage tank 13 meets the requirements for driving the absorption heat pump system, the absorption heat pump system starts and operates. The absorption heat pump system operates as follows: in generator 5, the refrigerant temperature and pressure rise. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant vapor enters condenser 6, where it condenses into a medium-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant liquid. This is then throttled and depressurized by throttle valve 7 and enters evaporator 8. The low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant vapor enters absorber 1 and mixes with the dilute lithium bromide solution to form a dilute lithium bromide solution. The dilute lithium bromide solution in absorber 1 is then passed through solution pump 2, heat exchanger 2 3, and heat exchanger 1 4 for sufficient heat exchange. After its temperature rises, it enters generator 5. In generator 5, the dilute lithium bromide solution heats up, evaporating the aqueous solution, converting the dilute lithium bromide solution into a concentrated lithium bromide solution. The dilute lithium bromide solution is then heated in heat exchanger 2 3 and returned to absorber 1.

[0043] Absorption heat pump system cooling cycle working mode: Open stop valve 11 and close stop valve 2 17. The chilled water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in evaporator 8, lowering its temperature before being delivered to user 9 to deliver cooling. After absorbing heat from user 9, it is then pumped by water pump 2 10, passing through stop valve 11, and returned to evaporator 8, forming a continuous cooling cycle.

[0044] Absorption heat pump system supplementary heating working mode: Close the stop valve 11, open the stop valve 2 17, and start the water pump 3 12. At this time, the supplementary heating circulation loop and the heating circulation loop of the absorption heat pump system are working.

[0045] The supplemental heating circuit operates as follows: low-temperature hot water from user 9 first passes through absorber 1, absorbing the heat released when the concentrated lithium bromide solution combines with water vapor. It then passes through condenser 6, absorbing the heat released by the refrigerant during condensation, ultimately becoming high-temperature hot water. This hot water is pumped by pump 3 12 to user 9 for supplemental heat delivery. After absorbing the cooling energy from user 9, it returns to absorber 1, forming a continuous cycle.

[0046] The heating cycle operates as follows: Heat source water from the hot water storage tank 13 is split through tee 15, with a portion flowing as a low-temperature heat source through stop valve 2 17 into the evaporator 8. After sufficient heat exchange, it flows back through tee 2 16. This allows a portion of the heat from the hot water storage tank 13 to flow into the evaporator 8 as a heat source, increasing the amount of heat absorbed by the evaporator 8. Furthermore, this increases the amount of heat dissipated by the condenser 6, thereby improving the efficiency of the supplementary heating cycle.

[0047] In addition, another part of the heat source water from the hot water storage tank 13 is diverted through the tee 15 and used as the driving heat source of the generator 5. After being heated by the dilute lithium bromide solution through the heat exchanger 2 3, it enters the tee 2 16 and merges with the other part of the heat source water to enter the hot water storage tank 13.

[0048] Example: See Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also discloses a method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell and solar-driven absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power supply system, which is used to control the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell and solar-driven absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power supply system, comprising the following steps: The temperature of the hot water storage tank 13 is monitored in real time. When the temperature of the hot water storage tank 13 is detected to be lower than a first set temperature, it is determined that the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 cannot meet the direct heating conditions. At the same time, whether the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than a first threshold is monitored. If the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the first threshold, the solar thermal collector 18 is activated to assist in heating the hot water storage tank 13. If the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is not greater than the first threshold, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 is used to heat the hot water storage tank 13. When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank 13 is higher than the first set temperature and lower than the second set temperature, the heat source water in the hot water storage tank 13 heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 can be directly heated, and the heating port of the hot water storage tank 13 is opened to directly supply heat to the user 9. At the same time, it is monitored whether the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the second threshold value: if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the second threshold value, the solar thermal collector 18 is started to assist in heating the hot water storage tank 13; if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is not greater than the second threshold value, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 is used to heat the hot water storage tank 13; When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank 13 is higher than the second set temperature and lower than the third set temperature, it is determined that the heat source water in the hot water storage tank 13 heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 19 can be directly heated and can drive the absorption heat pump system to operate. The heating port of the hot water storage tank 13 is opened to directly supply heat to the user 9, and the absorption heat pump system is started at the same time to enter the cooling working mode or the supplementary heating working mode; The specific steps of the absorption heat pump system entering the cooling operation mode include: opening the stop valve 11, closing the stop valve 17, and supplying cooling to the cooling terminal of the user 9 through the cooling circulation loop; The specific steps of the absorption heat pump system entering the supplementary heating working mode include: closing the stop valve 11, opening the stop valve 2 17, and supplying heat to the user 9 heating terminal through the supplementary heating circulation loop; Shutoff valve 11 is installed on the return line of the cooling circuit formed by connecting evaporator 8 to the cooling terminal of user 9. Shutoff valve 2 17 is installed in the heating circuit formed by connecting water pump 14, evaporator 8, and hot water storage tank 13 in sequence, and is located between evaporator 8 and water pump 14. When the temperature of hot water storage tank 13 is monitored to be higher than the third set temperature, it is determined that the temperature of hot water storage tank 13 has exceeded the optimal operating temperature of hydrogen fuel cell 19, and water supply valve 22 is opened to replenish cold water to hot water storage tank 13.

[0049] The first threshold and the second threshold can be set as needed. In one embodiment, the first threshold is 500W / m 2 , the second threshold is 700 W / m 2 .

[0050] The first set temperature, the second set temperature and the third set temperature can be set according to the needs of the user 9 and the operating temperature of the absorption heat pump system. In one embodiment, the first set temperature is 45°C, the second set temperature is 70°C, and the third set temperature is 80°C.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption type combined cooling, heating and power generation system, comprising a hydrogen fuel cell (19), which supplies power to a user (9) via an inverter (21), characterized in that: It also includes a hot water storage tank (13), a solar collector (18) and an absorption heat pump system; The hot water storage tank (13) is electrically connected to the inverter (21), and is connected to the water inlet and the water outlet of the cooling system of the hydrogen fuel cell (19) to form a cooling circulation loop, and supplies heat to the user through the heating port; The absorption heat pump system comprises a generator (5), the refrigerant outlet of the generator is connected to a condenser (6), the condenser is connected to an evaporator (8) via a throttle valve (7), the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected to a refrigerant inlet of an absorber (1), and its cooling port is connected to a user cooling terminal to form a cooling circulation loop; The absorbent outlet of the absorber (1) is connected to the absorbent inlet of the generator (5) through the solution pump (2), the first group of ports of the second heat exchanger (3), and the first group of ports of the first heat exchanger (4) in sequence; the absorbent inlet is connected to the absorbent outlet of the generator (5) through the second group of ports of the second heat exchanger (3); and the other ports are connected to the condenser (6) and the user heating terminal in sequence to form a supplementary heating circulation loop; The hot water storage tank (13) is connected to the second group of ports of the heat exchanger (4) via the water pump (14) to form a heating circulation loop for heating the absorbent that passes through the heat exchanger (4) and enters the generator (5); The solar heat collector (18) is connected to the hot water storage tank (13) and is provided with a light intensity sensor.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporator (8) is connected to the user (9) cooling terminal, water pump 2 (10) and stop valve 1 (11) in sequence through a cooling port to form a cooling circulation loop.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power combined power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supplementary heating circulation loop is also provided with a water pump three (12), which is connected between the condenser (6) and the user (9) heating terminal.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water pump 1 (14) is connected to the evaporator (8) and the heat storage tank (13) in sequence via the stop valve 2 (17) to form a heating circulation loop, which is used to improve the efficiency of the supplementary heating circulation loop.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stop valve 2 (17) is connected to the water pump 1 (14) via the tee 1 (15), the inlet of the tee 1 (15) is connected to the outlet of the water pump 1 (14), the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the stop valve 2 (17), and the second outlet is connected to the inlet of the second group of ports of the heat exchanger 1 (4); The evaporator (8) is connected to the hot water storage tank (13) via a tee (16), the outlet of the tee (16) is connected to the hot water storage tank (13), the first inlet is connected to the outlet of the evaporator (8), and the second inlet is connected to the outlet of the second group of ports of the heat exchanger (4).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water replenishment tank (20), which is connected to the cold water inlet of the hot water storage tank (13) via a water replenishment valve (22) and is used to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank (13).

7. A method for controlling absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power generation driven by a hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy, characterized in that: Used to control the hydrogen fuel cell and solar energy driven absorption cooling, heating and power combined power system of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: The temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is monitored in real time. When it is detected that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is lower than a first set temperature, it is determined that the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (19) cannot meet the direct heating condition. At the same time, it is monitored whether the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than a first threshold value: if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the first threshold value, the solar collector (18) is started to assist in heating the hot water storage tank (13); if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is not greater than the first threshold value, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (19) is used to heat the hot water storage tank (13); When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is higher than the first set temperature and lower than the second set temperature, the heat source water in the hot water storage tank (13) heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (19) can be directly heated, and the heating port of the hot water storage tank (13) is opened to directly supply heat to the user (9), while monitoring whether the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than a second threshold value: if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is greater than the second threshold value, the solar collector (18) is started to assist in heating the hot water storage tank (13); if the light intensity of the light intensity sensor is not greater than the second threshold value, the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (19) is used to heat the hot water storage tank (13); When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is higher than the second set temperature and lower than the third set temperature, it is determined that the heat source water in the hot water storage tank (13) heated by the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell (19) can be directly heated and can drive the absorption heat pump system to operate, and the heating port of the hot water storage tank (13) is opened to directly supply heat to the user (9), and the absorption heat pump system is started at the same time to enter a cooling operation mode or a supplementary heating operation mode; When it is monitored that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is higher than the third set temperature, it is determined that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) has exceeded the optimum operating temperature of the hydrogen fuel cell (19), and the water replenishment valve (22) is opened to replenish cold water to the hot water storage tank (13).

8. The method for controlling absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power generation driven by hydrogen fuel cells and solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: When it is detected that the temperature of the hot water storage tank (13) is higher than the second set temperature and lower than the third set temperature: The specific steps of the absorption heat pump system entering the cooling operation mode include: opening the stop valve 1 (11), closing the stop valve 2 (17), and supplying cooling to the cooling terminal of the user (9) through the cooling circulation loop; The specific steps of the absorption heat pump system entering the supplementary heating working mode include: closing the stop valve 1 (11), opening the stop valve 2 (17), and supplying heat to the user (9) heating terminal through the supplementary heating circulation loop; The stop valve 1 (11) is arranged on the return water pipeline of the cooling circulation loop formed by connecting the evaporator (8) and the user (9) cooling terminal; the stop valve 2 (17) is arranged on the heating circulation loop formed by connecting the water pump 1 (14), the evaporator (8) and the heat storage tank (13) in sequence, and is located between the evaporator (8) and the water pump 1 (14).

9. The method for controlling absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power generation driven by hydrogen fuel cells and solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first threshold is 500 W / m 2 , the second threshold is 700 W / m 2 .

10. The method for controlling absorption-type combined cooling, heating and power generation driven by hydrogen fuel cells and solar energy according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first set temperature is 45°C, the second set temperature is 70°C, and the third set temperature is 80°C.

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