Direct cooling type energy storage heat management system with multiple refrigerating circuits and heat management method

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct cooling type energy storage heat management system with multiple refrigerating circuits. The direct cooling type energy storage heat management system comprises a first refrigerating module, a second refrigerating module, a cooling module and a control module. Wherein the first refrigeration module is sequentially provided with a compressor, a first condenser and a first throttling element in the flow direction of a refrigerant working medium, the second refrigeration module and the first refrigeration module are arranged in parallel, and the second refrigeration module is sequentially provided with a second condenser and a fluorine pump in the flow direction of the refrigerant working medium. The cooling module is communicated with the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module and comprises a first direct cooling plate and a second direct cooling plate which are arranged on the two opposite sides of the module to be cooled respectively. The control module is used for controlling starting, closing and flow of the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module according to the heat exchange quantity requirement. And different refrigerating circuits are selected according to different heat exchange quantity requirements, so that the power consumption can be reduced while the heat exchange quantity is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of thermal management technology, and in particular to a direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system with multiple refrigeration circuits and a thermal management method. Background Art

[0002] Thermal management refers to the management and control of the temperature of the overall system, discrete components or their environment, with the purpose of maintaining the normal operation of each component or improving its performance or life. Currently, thermal management is often required in fields such as electrochemical energy storage, and has a significant impact on the performance, life and safety of energy storage systems.

[0003] At present, most of the thermal management systems used for energy storage do not have a fluorine pump natural cooling module, but use antifreeze to take away the heat of the battery cell, which is an indirect heat dissipation method. In addition, an additional dehumidification air conditioning design is required for box-type energy storage cabinets. When the thermal management unit does not have a natural cooling function, if the unit is under low load conditions, the unit has low energy efficiency and high power consumption. At the same time, the unit is prone to frequent start and stop, which affects the service life of the system components. In addition, since there is no natural cooling function, the internal system components of the unit will run for a long time, which still shortens the service life of the whole machine and has a low return on investment. In response to this problem, some thermal management systems have integrated natural cooling functions, which mainly add a second heat exchanger near the condenser to exchange heat through coolant. The disadvantages of this method are high fan back pressure, high fan speed, and high noise. The coolant circuit has many interfaces, and the risk of coolant leakage is high. In addition, in these thermal management methods, the temperature of the battery cell is taken away by the use of antifreeze, which poses a risk of leakage. Once leakage occurs, the entire energy storage system will fail, and the energy storage cabinet often requires an additional dehumidification air conditioner, which is not economical, takes up space, and is also cumbersome to control. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of some or all of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system with a multi-path refrigeration circuit, comprising:

[0005] A first refrigeration module, which is provided with a compressor, a first condenser and a first throttling element in sequence along the flow direction of the refrigerant;

[0006] A second refrigeration module is arranged in parallel with the first refrigeration module, and a second condenser and a fluorine pump are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the refrigerant;

[0007] A cooling module, which is in communication with the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module, comprises a first direct cooling plate and a second direct cooling plate, wherein the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the module to be cooled; and

[0008] The control module is used to control the activation, shutdown and flow of the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module according to the heat exchange demand.

[0009] Furthermore, the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module share a condenser.

[0010] Furthermore, the second refrigeration module further includes:

[0011] a one-way valve, the inlet end of which is connected to the outlet of the cooling module, and the outlet end of which is connected to the inlet of the second condenser; and

[0012] A first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the inlet of the fluorine pump.

[0013] Furthermore, the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system also includes a first fan, which is arranged at the first condenser and / or the second condenser to introduce normal temperature air into the first and second condensers to achieve heat exchange.

[0014] Furthermore, the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system further includes:

[0015] A dehumidification module, whose inlet is connected to the inlet of the cooling module and whose outlet is connected to the outlet of the cooling module, is used for dehumidifying and exchanging heat for the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system.

[0016] Furthermore, the dehumidification module includes a dehumidification heat exchanger.

[0017] Furthermore, the dehumidification module also includes a second solenoid valve, which is arranged at the inlet of the dehumidification heat exchanger.

[0018] Furthermore, the dehumidification module also includes a second fan, which is arranged at the dehumidification heat exchanger to introduce normal temperature air into the dehumidification heat exchanger to achieve heat exchange.

[0019] Furthermore, throttling elements are provided at the inlets of the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate.

[0020] Further, a flow direction of the fluid in the first direct cooling plate is opposite to a flow direction of the fluid in the second direct cooling plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the first throttling element is an electronic expansion valve.

[0022] Furthermore, the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system also includes at least one temperature sensor and at least one pressure sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged at the outlet of the first and second direct cooling plates and / or the air inlet and / or exhaust port of the compressor.

[0023] Based on the above-mentioned direct cooling energy storage thermal management system, the second aspect of the present invention provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, comprising:

[0024] Determining the load and ambient temperature of the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system;

[0025] When the load is lower than a first preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, turning on the second refrigeration module and turning off the first refrigeration module;

[0026] When the load is between the first preset load and the second preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, turning on the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module at the same time; and

[0027] When the load is not lower than a second preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the first refrigeration module is turned on, and the second refrigeration module is turned off.

[0028] Further, the first preset load is 30%, and / or the second preset load is 60%, and / or the first preset temperature is 10°C, and / or the second preset temperature is 20°C.

[0029] Furthermore, the thermal management method further comprises:

[0030] The flow rate of the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system is adjusted by controlling the opening of the throttling element and / or the valve, and / or adjusting the power of the compressor and the fluorine pump.

[0031] A third aspect of the present invention provides an energy storage system, which includes the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system as described above.

[0032] The present invention provides a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system and thermal management method with multiple refrigeration circuits. Different refrigeration circuits are selected according to different heat exchange requirements, and power consumption is reduced as much as possible while ensuring the heat exchange. Specifically, at the same heat exchange and the same evaporation pressure, the latent heat of vaporization △h in the evaporator in the fluorine pump circuit is larger, and the refrigerant working medium flow is less. Therefore, at low load, the fluorine pump circuit is used. Under low load, the power consumption of the fluorine pump circuit is much smaller than that of the compressor circuit, and the fluorine pump circuit has higher energy efficiency. In addition, the fluorine pump circuit can also reduce the cost and space occupancy of the second heat exchanger, reduce fan noise, and eliminate the risk of leakage of antifreeze. When the load is high and the heat exchange demand is high, the compressor circuit is selected, or the fluorine pump circuit and the compressor circuit are turned on at the same time. In addition, the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system does not require secondary heat exchange between antifreeze and battery cells, and directly uses refrigerant and battery cells for heat exchange, which has higher heat exchange efficiency. The system as a whole also integrates a dehumidification function, which can cancel the additional dehumidification air conditioning configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] To further illustrate the above and other advantages and features of various embodiments of the present invention, a more specific description of various embodiments of the present invention will be presented with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that these drawings only depict typical embodiments of the present invention and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof. In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, identical or corresponding parts will be represented by identical or similar reference numerals.

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system with multiple refrigeration circuits according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a compressor circuit of a direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a compressor circuit of a direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a fluorine pump circuit of a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a fluorine pump circuit of a direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic flow chart of a thermal management method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0040] Reference numerals list

[0041] 001 Module to be cooled

[0042] 111 Compressor

[0043] 112 First Condenser

[0044] 113 First throttle element

[0045] 114 First Fan

[0046] 121 Check valve

[0047] 122 First solenoid valve

[0048] 123 Fluorine pump

[0049] 124 Second condenser

[0050] 131 First straight cold plate

[0051] 132 Second direct cooling plate

[0052] 133 Second throttling element

[0053] 141 Second solenoid valve

[0054] 142 Dehumidification heat exchanger

[0055] 143 Second Fan DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In the following description, the present invention is described with reference to various embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that various embodiments can be implemented without one or more specific details or with other replacement and / or additional methods, materials or components. In other cases, well-known structures, materials or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid blurring the inventive point of the present invention. Similarly, for the purpose of explanation, specific quantities, materials and configurations are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these specific details. In addition, it should be understood that the various embodiments shown in the drawings are illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn in correct proportions.

[0057] In this specification, reference to "one embodiment" or "the embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places in this specification does not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0058] In existing energy storage thermal management systems, natural cooling is usually not provided or is performed by providing a second heat exchanger at the condenser. If a natural cooling module is not provided, the overall power consumption of the unit is large and the energy efficiency is low. However, by using a second heat exchanger, the coolant circuit interface will be increased, increasing the risk of coolant leakage. Based on this, in order to improve the overall energy efficiency under low-load conditions, the present invention adds a fluorine pump natural cooling module to the energy storage thermal management system. The natural cooling function of the fluorine pump can not only reduce the energy consumption under low-load conditions, but also enhance the safety and reliability of the system operation and reduce noise. At the same time, the direct cooling method for the energy storage battery can eliminate the secondary heat exchange of the antifreeze on the evaporation side, which has higher heat exchange efficiency and eliminates the risk of leakage.

[0059] The scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments.

[0060] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system with multiple refrigeration circuits according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 1As shown, a direct cooling energy storage thermal management system with a multi-path refrigeration circuit includes a first refrigeration module, a second refrigeration module, a cooling module and a control module. The first refrigeration module is a compressor circuit, which is provided with a compressor 111, a first condenser 112 and a first throttling element 113 in sequence along the flow direction of the refrigerant working medium, and the second refrigeration module is a fluorine pump circuit, which is arranged in parallel with the first refrigeration module, and a second condenser and a fluorine pump 123 are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the refrigerant working medium. The cooling module is connected to the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module, and is used to dissipate heat for the module to be cooled, including a first direct cooling plate 131 and a second direct cooling plate 132 respectively arranged on opposite sides of the module to be cooled 001. The control module is used to control the activation, shutdown and flow of the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module according to the heat exchange demand, so as to reduce the overall energy consumption of the system and improve energy efficiency while ensuring the heat exchange. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module share a condenser, that is, the second condenser is the first condenser 112.

[0061] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the compressor circuit of the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 As shown, the compressor circuit realizes the refrigeration cycle through the compressor. The refrigerant is first isentropically compressed in the compressor 111, then enters the first condenser 112 for isobaric heat release, and then enters the first throttling element 113 for isenthalpic throttling, forming a low-temperature refrigerant that enters the cooling module, which can be regarded as isobaric heat absorption through the evaporator. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a pressure-enthalpy diagram of the compressor circuit is shown.

[0062] In one embodiment of the invention, the compressor 111 can be, for example, an air-floating centrifugal compressor. In one embodiment of the invention, the air-floating centrifugal compressor includes a motor, an impeller, an air inlet, an air outlet, and a connecting pipe. The motor includes a rotor system, a stator, and a housing, wherein the rotor system of the motor includes a radial air-floating bearing. When the motor shaft rotates, the radial air-floating bearing inhales gas to form an air film to support the high-speed rotation of the rotor. At the same time, the thrust bearing (if any) also forms an air film, so that the thrust shaft has no contact with the bearing, the bearing is almost free of wear, and the mechanical loss and noise can be greatly reduced or even eliminated.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first throttling element refers to a device or element used to reduce the gas pressure to achieve evaporation, for example, it may be: an expansion valve, a capillary tube, a throttling tube, etc.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve the cooling efficiency, a first fan 114 is also provided at the fins of the condenser 112. The first fan 114 introduces normal temperature air into the fins of the first condenser 112, so that the heat of the high-temperature refrigerant inside the first condenser 112 is exchanged with the air, thereby achieving the purpose of condensation.

[0065] In order to calculate the system refrigeration demand and thus control the working status of each device or module, and protect the system operation, in one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor T and a pressure sensor P are provided at the air inlet and / or exhaust port of the compressor.

[0066] Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the fluorine pump circuit of the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 As shown, the fluorine pump circuit mainly realizes the natural cooling function through the fluorine pump 123. In one embodiment of the present invention, a one-way valve 121 and a first solenoid valve 122 are also provided in the fluorine pump circuit, wherein the inlet end of the one-way valve 121 is connected to the outlet of the cooling module, and the outlet end is connected to the inlet of the second condenser 124, and the first solenoid valve 122 is arranged at the inlet of the fluorine pump 123. By controlling the one-way valve 121 and the first solenoid valve 122, the fluorine pump circuit can be opened or closed, and the flow of the fluorine pump circuit can be controlled. In the fluorine pump circuit, after the refrigerant is pressurized in the fluorine pump 123, it enters the cooling module, which can be regarded as isobaric heat absorption through the evaporator, and then isothermal pressure reduction is achieved during the pipeline flow process, and then enters the second condenser 124 for isobaric heating, and enters the fluorine pump 123 again after becoming a low-pressure and low-temperature state. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a fluorine pump circuit of a direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. It can be seen that compared with the compressor circuit, at the same heat exchange amount and the same evaporation pressure, the latent heat of vaporization △h in the cooling module of the fluorine pump circuit is larger, the refrigerant flow rate is less, its overall power consumption is low, the energy efficiency is high, and it has a good COP. Therefore, under low ambient temperature, small load and other low load conditions, the fluorine pump circuit can be selected. In addition, the fluorine pump circuit has low noise and no risk of coolant leakage.

[0067] In addition, as mentioned above, in order to simplify the overall structure of the thermal management system, the fluorine pump circuit and the compressor circuit can share a condenser, that is, the second condenser can be the first condenser 112 in the compressor circuit.

[0068] Back to Figure 1 ,like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling module adopts direct cooling, which does not require secondary heat exchange between antifreeze and battery cells, but directly uses refrigerant and battery cells for heat exchange, which has higher heat exchange efficiency and avoids the risk of antifreeze leakage. Figure 1 As shown, the first direct cooling plate 131 is arranged on the module to be cooled 001, such as the first surface of the battery cell or at a certain distance from the first surface, and it includes a first inlet and a first outlet. In one embodiment of the present invention, a second throttling element 133 is also provided at the first inlet. The second throttling element refers to a device or element used to reduce the gas pressure to achieve the purpose of evaporation, for example, it can be: an expansion valve, a capillary, a throttling tube, etc. The second direct cooling plate 132 is arranged on the module to be cooled 001, such as the second surface of the battery cell or at a certain distance from the second surface, wherein the second surface refers to the surface on the side opposite to the first surface. Similarly, the second direct cooling plate 132 includes a second inlet and a second outlet. Similarly, in one embodiment of the present invention, a second throttling element 133 is also provided at the second inlet. After the refrigerant reaches the second throttling element 133, the second throttling element 133 throttles the refrigerant, and the throttled refrigerant rapidly expands and evaporates in the direct cooling plate. The throttled and expanded refrigerant directly exchanges heat with the module to be cooled, and the refrigerant absorbs the heat generated in the module to be cooled, thereby reducing it to the expected temperature and achieving a cooling effect. In order to calculate the cooling demand of the module to be cooled and then control the working state of each device or module, and protect the system operation, in one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor T is provided at the outlet of the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate.

[0069] In order to avoid the problem of uneven heat dissipation, in one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling module adopts a structure in which the upper and lower cold plates enter and exit in opposite directions, that is, the flow direction of the fluid in the first direct cooling plate 131 is opposite to the flow direction of the fluid in the second direct cooling plate 132. This can be achieved by setting the inlet and outlet of the first and second direct cooling plates completely opposite to each other, that is, setting the second outlet of the second direct cooling plate on the same side as the first inlet of the first direct cooling plate, and setting the second inlet on the same side as the first outlet.

[0070] In one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system is also provided with a dehumidification module, whose inlet is connected to the inlet of the cooling module, and whose outlet is connected to the outlet of the cooling module, for dehumidifying and exchanging heat for the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system. Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the dehumidification module includes a dehumidification heat exchanger 142. In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the dehumidification function, the dehumidification module also includes a second solenoid valve 141, which is arranged at the entrance of the dehumidification heat exchanger 142. When there is a dehumidification demand, the second solenoid valve 141 is opened to allow the liquid refrigerant to flow into the dehumidification heat exchanger and then return to the fluorine pump circuit and / or the compressor circuit. In one embodiment of the present invention, the dehumidification module also includes a second fan 143, which is arranged at the dehumidification heat exchanger 142 to introduce normal temperature air into the dehumidification heat exchanger to achieve heat exchange.

[0071] Based on the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system as described above, the present invention further provides a thermal management method for an energy storage system, which can, for example, determine the refrigeration circuit based on the current ambient temperature and / or unit load. Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing a flow chart of a thermal management method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 6 As shown, a thermal management method for an energy storage system mainly selects a refrigeration module based on the ambient temperature, and the load is used as an auxiliary judgment condition. Specifically, the thermal management method includes:

[0072] First, determine the ambient temperature. Detect the current ambient temperature. If the ambient temperature is higher than the second preset temperature, turn on the first refrigeration module and turn off the second refrigeration module. If the ambient temperature is lower than the first preset temperature, turn on the second refrigeration module and turn off the first refrigeration module. If the ambient temperature is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, further determine the load of the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system.

[0073] Next, determine the load. When the ambient temperature is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the refrigeration circuit is further determined based on the load. In one embodiment of the present invention, the load refers to the ratio of the cooling capacity that the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system needs to output to its rated cooling capacity. If the load is lower than the first preset load, turn on the second refrigeration module and turn off the first refrigeration module; if the load is not lower than the second preset load, turn on the first refrigeration module and turn off the second refrigeration module; and if the load is between the first preset load and the second preset load, turn on the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module at the same time.

[0074] It should be understood that in one embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration circuit can also be determined only based on the ambient temperature, that is, for example, when the ambient temperature is higher than the second preset temperature, the first refrigeration module is turned on and the second refrigeration module is turned off; when the ambient temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the first refrigeration module is turned off and the second refrigeration module is turned on; and when the ambient temperature is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module are turned on at the same time.

[0075] It should be understood that in another embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration circuit can also be determined only based on the load, that is, for example, when the load is higher than the second preset load, the first refrigeration module is turned on and the second refrigeration module is turned off; when the load is lower than the first preset load, the first refrigeration module is turned off and the second refrigeration module is turned on; and when the load is between the first preset load and the second preset load, the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module are turned on at the same time.

[0076] It should be understood that in another embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration circuit can be selected based on the load as the main basis and the ambient temperature as an auxiliary condition. For example, when the load is higher than the second preset load, the first refrigeration module is turned on and the second refrigeration module is turned off; when the load is lower than the first preset load, the first refrigeration module is turned off and the second refrigeration module is turned on; and when the load is between the first preset load and the second preset load, the first refrigeration module and / or the second refrigeration module is turned on according to the ambient temperature.

[0077] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first preset load may be, for example, 30%, the second preset load may be, for example, 60%, the first preset temperature may be, for example, 10° C., and the second preset temperature may be, for example, 20° C. It should be understood that in other embodiments of the present invention, different values ​​may be selected for the first and second preset loads and the first and second preset temperatures according to actual needs.

[0078] In one embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate of the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system can also be adjusted by controlling the opening of the throttling element and / or the valve, and / or adjusting the power of the compressor and the fluorine pump.

[0079] In one embodiment of the present invention, the humidity of the system may also be monitored in real time to control the opening or closing of the dehumidification module.

[0080] The present invention also provides an energy storage system, which includes the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system as described above, and implements thermal management of modules such as battery cells through the control method as described above.

[0081] Although various embodiments of the present invention are described above, it should be understood that they are presented as examples only and not as limitations. It is obvious to those skilled in the relevant art that various combinations, modifications and changes can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the present invention disclosed herein should not be limited by the exemplary embodiments disclosed above, but should only be defined according to the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct cooling energy storage thermal management system with multiple refrigeration circuits, characterized in that: include: A first refrigeration module, which is provided with a compressor, a first condenser and a first throttling element in sequence along the flow direction of the refrigerant; A second refrigeration module is arranged in parallel with the first refrigeration module, and a second condenser and a fluorine pump are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the refrigerant; A cooling module, which is in communication with the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module, comprises a first direct cooling plate and a second direct cooling plate, wherein the first and second direct cooling plates are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the module to be cooled; as well as The control module is configured to control the activation, shutdown and flow of the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module according to the heat exchange demand.

2. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module share a condenser.

3. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second refrigeration module also includes: a one-way valve, the inlet end of which is connected to the outlet of the cooling module, and the outlet end of which is connected to the inlet of the second condenser; and A first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the inlet of the fluorine pump.

4. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first fan, which is arranged at the first condenser and / or the second condenser to introduce normal temperature air into the first and second condensers to achieve heat exchange.

5. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A dehumidification module, whose inlet is communicated with the inlet of the cooling module and whose outlet is communicated with the outlet of the cooling module, is configured to perform dehumidification and heat exchange on the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system.

6. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dehumidification module comprises: Dehumidification heat exchangers; and A second solenoid valve is arranged at the inlet of the dehumidification heat exchanger.

7. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dehumidification module further includes a second fan, which is disposed at the dehumidification heat exchanger to introduce normal temperature air into the dehumidification heat exchanger to achieve heat exchange.

8. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Throttling elements are arranged at the inlets of the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate.

9. The direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes at least one temperature sensor and at least one pressure sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged at the outlets of the first and second direct cooling plates and / or the air inlet and / or the exhaust port of the compressor.

10. A thermal management method for an energy storage system based on the direct cooling energy storage thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes steps: Determining the load and / or ambient temperature of the direct-cooling energy storage thermal management system; When the load is lower than a first preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, turning on the second refrigeration module and turning off the first refrigeration module; When the load is between the first preset load and the second preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is between the first preset temperature and the second preset temperature, the first refrigeration module and the second refrigeration module are turned on at the same time; as well as When the load is not lower than a second preset load, and / or the ambient temperature is higher than a second preset temperature, the first refrigeration module is turned on and the second refrigeration module is turned off.

11. The thermal management method according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first preset load is 30%, and / or the second preset load is 60%, and / or the first preset temperature is 10°C, and / or the second preset temperature is 20°C.

12. The thermal management method according to claim 10, characterized in that: Also includes the steps: The flow rate of the first refrigeration module and / or the second refrigeration module is adjusted by controlling the opening of the throttling element and / or the valve, and / or adjusting the power of the compressor and the fluorine pump.

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