Multifunctional rock shear experiment testing device and use method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock multifunctional shear experiment testing device and a using method, the rock multifunctional shear experiment testing device comprises a longitudinal loading frame and a base, the longitudinal loading frame is arranged on the base, a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate are fixedly connected to the base, a lower shear box is fixedly mounted on the base, the corresponding side surface of the lower shear box is fixedly connected with the first mounting plate, and the second mounting plate is fixedly connected with the second mounting plate. An upper shear box is mounted above the lower shear box, a vertical jack is arranged on the longitudinal loading frame, a horizontal jack is arranged on the second mounting plate, and a sliding strip is arranged at the top end of the lower shear box. According to the multifunctional rock shearing experiment testing device and the using method, the defects that in the prior art, during testing, a stress point is not prone to being kept in the center, and rock is prone to twist off instead of pure shearing due to bending moment are overcome, and the accuracy of rock shearing data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock shearing experiments, and in particular to a rock multifunctional shearing experiment testing device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The rock shear test is a test to determine the shear strength index of rocks and rock masses. According to the test conditions, it can be divided into indoor shear test and in-situ shear test. According to different geological conditions and actual engineering requirements, the shear test of rock (body) can be divided into shear test, friction test and shear test. At present, the ordinary direct shear test is mainly carried out under the condition of no confining pressure, and the shear strength of a fixed single failure surface can be obtained. However, the force point during the test is not easy to keep in the center, and the bending moment change is too large, which can easily cause the rock to twist instead of pure shear, which will affect the accuracy of the test data and it is impossible to obtain the real data of rock shear. Therefore, the existing technology needs further improvement and development. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional rock shear test device and a method for using the same, which overcomes the defects in the prior art that the force point is difficult to maintain at the center during the test, and the bending moment easily causes the rock to twist rather than pure shear, thereby improving the accuracy of the rock shear data.

[0004] The present invention provides a rock multifunctional shear test device and a use method, comprising a longitudinal loading frame and a base, the longitudinal loading frame is arranged on the base, a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate are fixedly connected to the base, a lower shear box is fixedly installed on the base, the corresponding side of the lower shear box is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate, an upper shear box is installed above the lower shear box, a vertical jack is provided on the longitudinal loading frame, a horizontal jack is provided on the second mounting plate, and a sliding bar is provided on the top of the lower shear box.

[0005] Preferably, the longitudinal loading frame is installed on the base in a vertical state, and the vertical jack is installed at the center of the top plate of the longitudinal loading frame.

[0006] Preferably, the upper shear box is matched with the lower shear box, and the upper shear box and the lower shear box are slidably connected.

[0007] Preferably, a pressure plate is provided on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack, and the pressure plate presses the upper end surface of the upper shear box; the bottom surface of the pressure plate in contact with the upper end surface of the upper shear box is spherical, and a push head is provided on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack, and the push head presses against the corresponding side surface of the upper shear box close to the second mounting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the longitudinal loading frame includes four columns and a top plate, the base is detachably connected to the four columns, the four columns are threadedly connected to the top plate and are fastened with nuts, the center of the top plate coincides with the center of the rectangular frame formed by the four columns, a mounting hole is provided on the top plate, the vertical jack is fixedly connected to the center position of the top plate through the mounting hole, and when the lower shear box is fixed on the base, the center of the lower shear box is positioned at the center position of the rectangular frame formed by the four columns.

[0009] Preferably, the slide bar is perpendicular to the first mounting plate; a groove is provided at the bottom end of the upper shear box, the slide bar is arranged in the groove, the groove cooperates with the slide bar, and the direction of the slide bar is parallel to the thrust direction of the horizontal jack.

[0010] Preferably, a stopper is provided on the side of the upper shear box close to the second mounting plate, the horizontal portion of the stopper points to the groove, the horizontal portion of the stopper is perpendicular to the groove, the lower end of the vertical portion of the stopper extends toward the base, extending over the contact surface between the upper shear box and the lower shear box, and the vertical portion of the stopper is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned push head.

[0011] A first square hole is arranged in both the upper shear box and the lower shear box, a first spacer is arranged in the first square hole of the upper shear box, and a second spacer is arranged in the first square hole of the lower shear box. The first spacer and the second spacer cooperate to form a second square hole in the upper shear box and the lower shear box.

[0012] Preferably, a first manual oil pump and a second manual oil pump are provided on the base, the first manual oil pump is connected to the horizontal jack through a corresponding oil pipe; the second manual oil pump is connected to the vertical jack through a corresponding oil pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Place the sample rock block into the lower shear box and cover the upper shear box; S2, manually loading the horizontal jack by operating the first manual oil pump, so that the push head on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack abuts against the side block of the upper shear box, pushing the upper shear box so that the upper shear box slides relative to the lower shear box; S3, manually load the vertical jack by operating the second manual oil pump, at which time the pressure plate on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack presses the cover plate of the upper shear box; S4. Continuously load the horizontal jack and the vertical jack by operating the first manual oil pump and the second manual oil pump, so that the sample rock block is always subjected to shear force in the upper shear box and the lower shear box; the loading speed of the horizontal jack and the vertical jack is uniform, so that the vertical jack and the horizontal jack reach the working load value; at the same time, record the working load value and horizontal displacement value displayed on the display screen, and record the vertical displacement value in time.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned rock multifunctional shear test testing device and use method, which overcomes the defects in the prior art that the force point is difficult to maintain in the center during the test, and the bending moment easily causes the rock to twist rather than pure shear, thereby improving the accuracy of the rock shear data.

[0015] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an overall device of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the overall device of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 3 It is a CC cross-sectional view of the overall device of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a rock multifunctional shear test device provided in Embodiment 2 of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an upper shear box and a lower shear box of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 6 It is an AA cross-sectional view of the upper and lower shear boxes of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 7 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of a lower shear box of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention; Figure 8 The present invention is a flow chart of a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of use.

[0017] Reference numerals 11. Longitudinal loading frame; 12. Base; 13. Vertical jack; 14. Horizontal jack; 15. Upper shear box; 16. Lower shear box; 17. First mounting plate; 18. Second mounting plate; 19. Pressure plate; 20. Push head; 21. Slide bar; 22. Groove; 23. Stop block; 25. First square hole; 26. First spacer; 27. Second spacer; 28. Second square hole; 29. ​​Through hole; 30. Cover plate; 31. Vertical displacement sensor; 32. Horizontal displacement sensor; 33. Vertical pressure sensor; 34. Horizontal pressure sensor; 35. First manual oil pump; 36. Second manual oil pump; 37. Oil pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] The words "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "include" or "comprises" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0021] Embodiment 1 like Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, a rock multifunctional shear test device and a method of using the present invention include a longitudinal loading frame 11 and a base 12, the longitudinal loading frame 11 is arranged on the base 12, and the longitudinal loading frame 11 is installed on the base 12 in a vertical state, the longitudinal loading frame 11 includes four columns and a top plate, the base 12 and the four columns are detachably connected, the four columns and the top plate are threadedly connected, and nuts are provided for fastening, the center of the top plate coincides with the center of the rectangular frame formed by the four columns, and a mounting hole is provided on the top plate; The first mounting plate 17 and the second mounting plate 18 are fixedly connected to the base 12, the lower shear box 16 is fixedly installed on the base 12, the corresponding side of the lower shear box 16 is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 17, the upper shear box 15 is installed above the lower shear box 16, the top of the lower shear box 16 is provided with a slide bar 21, the slide bar 21 is perpendicular to the first mounting plate 17; the bottom end of the upper shear box 15 is provided with a groove 22, the slide bar 21 is arranged in the groove 22, the groove 22 cooperates with the slide bar 21, and the direction of the slide bar 21 is parallel to the thrust direction of the horizontal jack 14; The upper shear box 15 is matched with the lower shear box 16, and the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16 are slidably connected; when the lower shear box 16 is fixed on the base 12, the groove 22 cooperates with the slide bar 21 to guide the sliding direction of the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16, so that the sample rock block is always subjected to a stable shear force in the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16, and the force acting surface of the sample rock block remains unchanged, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test data.

[0022] A stopper 23 is provided on the side of the upper shear box 15 close to the second mounting plate 18, the horizontal portion of the stopper 23 points to the groove 22, the horizontal portion of the stopper 23 is perpendicular to the groove 22, the lower end of the vertical portion of the stopper 23 extends toward the base 12, extending over the contact surface between the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16, and the vertical portion of the stopper 23 is fixedly connected to the push head 20. When the sample rock block is completely destroyed by the shear force, the stopper 23 has already abutted against the side of the lower shear box 16, reminding to stop loading the horizontal jack 14, otherwise the test equipment will be damaged, ensuring the safety during the test.

[0023] The center of the lower shear box 16 is positioned at the center of the rectangular frame formed by four columns. When the lower shear box 16 is fixed on the base 12, the center of the lower shear box 16 is positioned at the center of the rectangular frame formed by four columns. This ensures that the center lines of the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16 coincide with the center line of the vertical jack 13, so as to ensure that the pressure plate 19 of the vertical jack 13 always acts on the center line of the sample rock block.

[0024] A first square hole 25 is provided in both the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16. A first spacer sleeve 26 is provided in the first square hole 25 of the upper shear box 15, and a second spacer sleeve 27 is provided in the first square hole 25 of the lower shear box 16. The first spacer sleeve 26 and the second spacer sleeve 27 cooperate to form a second square hole 28 in the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16.

[0025] The second square hole 28 is used to arrange the sample rock block. When the first spacer 26 and the second spacer 27 are set in the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16, it is suitable for the use of the rectangular prism with a cross section of 50mm×50mm commonly collected by domestic drilling rigs as the sample rock block test, and is also suitable for the use of the complete rock (regular sample) with a size of Φ=50mm, that is, the sample rock block can be directly placed in the second square hole 28 for the shear test; when the complete rock (regular sample) is a cylinder with a size of Φ=56mm, 71.5mm, 90mm, etc., the first spacer 26 and the second spacer 27 can be replaced to meet the use; spacers can also be used to pad the four sides of the sample rock block instead of the spacer, and the rock multifunctional shear test test device can be applied to sample rock blocks of different sizes.

[0026] The upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16 are also suitable for direct shear tests between structural surfaces and soft rocks (irregular specimens). The dimensions of the specimen rock block are length L≤160mm, width W≤140mm, and height H≤160mm. The requirements are met by using spacers in the first square hole 25 to pad around the specimen rock block. A through hole 29 is provided at the top of the upper shear box 15. A cover plate 30 is provided in the through hole 29. The cover plate 30 is the upper end surface of the upper shear box 15. When the corresponding specimen rock block is placed, the cover plate 30 will be higher than the upper part of the upper shear box 15. A vertical displacement sensor 31 is provided on the cover plate 30, and a horizontal displacement sensor 32 is provided on the side of the upper shear box 15 close to the second mounting plate 18. A vertical pressure sensor 33 is provided on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack 13, and a horizontal pressure sensor 34 is provided on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack 14. The signals detected by the horizontal displacement sensor 32 and the horizontal pressure sensor 34 are sent to the processor, and the processor displays the data in real time on the display after processing, so as to facilitate the experimenter to read and record.

[0027] A vertical jack 13 is provided on the longitudinal loading frame 11, and the vertical jack 13 is fixedly connected to the center of the top plate through the mounting hole, and the vertical jack 13 is installed in the center of the top plate of the longitudinal loading frame 11. A pressure plate 19 is provided on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack 13, and the pressure plate 19 presses the upper end surface of the upper shear box 15; the bottom surface of the pressure plate 19 in contact with the upper end surface of the upper shear box 15 is spherical; a horizontal jack 14 is provided on the second mounting plate 18, and a push head 20 is provided on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack 14, and the push head 20 presses against the corresponding side surface of the upper shear box 15 close to the second mounting plate 18.

[0028] A method of using a multifunctional rock shear test device is as follows: S1, put the sample rock block into the lower shear box 16, and cover the upper shear box 15; S2, manually load the horizontal jack 14 by operating the first manual oil pump 35, so that the push head 20 on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack 14 abuts against the side block 23 of the upper shear box 15, pushing the upper shear box 15, so that the upper shear box 15 slides relative to the lower shear box 16; S3, manually load the vertical jack 13 by operating the second manual oil pump 36, at which time the pressure plate 19 on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack 13 presses the cover plate of the upper shear box 15; S4. Continuously load the horizontal jack 14 and the vertical jack 13 by operating the first manual oil pump 35 and the second manual oil pump 36, so that the sample rock block is always subjected to shear force in the upper shear box 15 and the lower shear box 16; the loading speed of the horizontal jack and the vertical jack is uniform, so that the vertical jack 13 and the horizontal jack 14 reach the working load value; at the same time, record the working load value and horizontal displacement value displayed on the display screen, and record the vertical displacement value in time, and calculate the test results according to the standard.

[0029] Embodiment 2 Working principle of rock uniaxial compressive strength test device: Only the vertical jack 13 and the lower shear box 16 are used, as Figure 4 As shown, when the device is installed, the center line of the vertical jack 13 is ensured to coincide with the center line of the lower shear box 16, so as to ensure that the pressure plate 19 of the vertical jack 13 always acts on the center line of the sample rock block. At this time, the pressure plate 19 is replaced with a pressure plate 19 with a spherical bottom surface, and the sample rock block is placed in the first square hole 25 of the lower shear box 16; the second manual oil pump 36 is operated to load the vertical jack 13 slowly and uniformly, and the loading steps are carried out according to the standard requirements until the sample rock block is destroyed, and the working load value displayed on the display screen is recorded at the same time, and the compressive strength is calculated according to the standard regulations.

[0030] The provided rock multifunctional shear test device can realize the operation of uniaxial compression deformation test and tensile strength test without changing the fixture; when the device is installed, ensure that the center line of the vertical jack 13 coincides with the center line of the lower shear box 16 to ensure that the pressure plate 19 of the vertical jack 13 always acts on the center line of the sample rock block, and there is no need to change the fixture each time a test is performed, which saves the tedious work of debugging the fixture to align with the pressure plate 19 when the fixture is replaced later.

[0031] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned rock multifunctional shear test testing device and use method, which overcomes the defects in the prior art that the force point is difficult to maintain in the center during the test, and the bending moment easily causes the rock to twist rather than pure shear, thereby improving the accuracy of the rock shear data.

[0032] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock multifunctional shear test device, characterized in that: It includes a longitudinal loading frame and a base. The longitudinal loading frame is arranged on the base. The first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are fixedly connected to the base. The lower shear box is fixedly installed on the base. The corresponding side of the lower shear box is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate. The upper shear box is installed above the lower shear box. A vertical jack is provided on the longitudinal loading frame. A horizontal jack is provided on the second mounting plate. A sliding bar is provided on the top of the lower shear box.

2. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal loading frame is installed on the base in a vertical state, and the vertical jack is installed at the center of the top plate of the longitudinal loading frame.

3. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper shear box is matched with the lower shear box, and the upper shear box and the lower shear box are slidably connected.

4. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure plate is arranged on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack, and the pressure plate presses the upper end surface of the upper shear box; the bottom surface of the pressure plate in contact with the upper end surface of the upper shear box is spherical, and a push head is arranged on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack, and the push head presses against the corresponding side surface of the upper shear box close to the second mounting plate.

5. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal loading frame includes four columns and a top plate. The base is detachably connected to the four columns. The four columns are threadedly connected to the top plate and are fastened with nuts. The center of the top plate coincides with the center of the rectangular frame formed by the four columns. A mounting hole is provided on the top plate. The vertical jack is fixedly connected to the center of the top plate through the mounting hole. When the lower shear box is fixed on the base, the center of the lower shear box is positioned at the center of the rectangular frame formed by the four columns.

6. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide bar is perpendicular to the first mounting plate; a groove is provided at the bottom end of the upper shear box, the slide bar is arranged in the groove, the groove matches the slide bar, and the direction of the slide bar is parallel to the thrust direction of the horizontal jack.

7. A rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stopper is provided on the side of the upper shear box close to the second mounting plate, the horizontal portion of the stopper points to the groove, the horizontal portion of the stopper is perpendicular to the groove, the lower end of the vertical portion of the stopper extends toward the base, extending over the contact surface between the upper shear box and the lower shear box, and the vertical portion of the stopper is fixedly connected to the above-mentioned push head; A first square hole is arranged in both the upper shear box and the lower shear box, a first spacer is arranged in the first square hole of the upper shear box, and a second spacer is arranged in the first square hole of the lower shear box. The first spacer and the second spacer cooperate to form a second square hole in the upper shear box and the lower shear box.

8. The rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through hole is arranged at the top of the upper shear box, a cover plate is arranged in the through hole, the cover plate is the upper end surface of the upper shear box, a vertical displacement sensor is arranged on the cover plate, a horizontal displacement sensor is arranged on the side of the upper shear box close to the second mounting plate, a vertical pressure sensor is arranged on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack, and a horizontal pressure sensor is arranged on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack.

9. The rock multifunctional shear test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first manual oil pump and a second manual oil pump are arranged on the base. The first manual oil pump is connected to the horizontal jack through a corresponding oil pipe; the second manual oil pump is connected to the vertical jack through a corresponding oil pipe.

10. A method for using the rock multifunctional shear test device according to claims 1-9, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Place the sample rock block into the lower shear box and cover the upper shear box; S2, manually loading the horizontal jack by operating the first manual oil pump, so that the push head on the piston extension rod of the horizontal jack abuts against the side block of the upper shear box, pushing the upper shear box so that the upper shear box slides relative to the lower shear box; S3, manually load the vertical jack by operating the second manual oil pump, at which time the pressure plate on the piston extension rod of the vertical jack presses the cover plate of the upper shear box; S4. Continuously load the horizontal jack and the vertical jack by operating the first manual oil pump and the second manual oil pump. The loading speed of the horizontal jack and the vertical jack is uniform, so that the vertical jack and the horizontal jack reach the working load value; at the same time, record the working load value and the horizontal displacement value displayed on the display screen, and record the vertical displacement value in time.

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