Banana grey skin disease measuring device and time dynamic and spatial distribution research method

Abstract

The invention discloses a banana grey skin disease measuring device and a time dynamic and space distribution research method. A mounting rod is connected to one side of the upper end of the shell, a supporting plate corresponding to the shell is arranged at the upper end of the mounting rod, a camera is arranged in the shell, a lens of the camera extends out of the upper end of the shell, a shading assembly is mounted on the shell, an illuminating lamp is arranged at the upper end of the box body, a fixing rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the shell, and an extension rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the fixing rod. A handheld rod is arranged at the lower end of the extension rod, an operation panel is arranged on the handheld rod, and the camera and the illuminating lamp are both electrically connected to the operation panel. The measured part of the banana leaf is clamped by the shading assembly and the supporting plate, the shooting distance is fixed, the influence of external light is avoided, shooting measurement is carried out through the camera, the accuracy of the measurement result is ensured, the workload of workers can be greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. The banana grey skin disease is deeply studied through a time dynamic research method and a space distribution research method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of banana gray streak research, and in particular to a banana gray streak measurement device and a time dynamics and space distribution research method. Background Art

[0002] Banana gray streak disease is a very harmful disease caused by the genus Diplospora, Diplospora bananai. Banana gray streak disease initially appears as small oval brown spots on the leaf surface, which then expand into large oblong spots with slightly protruding ends. The center of the spots is gray to gray-brown, and the surrounding is brown. There are inconspicuous rings near the edges of the spots. There is a clearly visible yellow halo on the periphery of the spots. Gray-brown mold grows on the back of the spots, which are the conidiophores and conidia of the pathogen. The pathogen overwinters in the diseased part of the host or on the diseased remains of the host that fall to the ground as mycelium or conidia. The following spring, conidia or conidia grown from mycelium spread by wind and rain, germinate and grow germ tubes on banana leaves, invade the epidermis and cause disease, and then conidia are produced in the diseased part for re-infection. A considerable amount of research has been conducted on banana gray stripe disease at home and abroad, but relatively few studies have been conducted from the perspective of disease epidemiology. The research on the temporal dynamics and spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease is not in-depth and widespread enough, especially in Yunnan Province. In order to provide basic data for the prevention and control of banana gray stripe disease, the disease growth and spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease in the estuary area were studied. During the research process, the number and size of lesions on banana leaves need to be measured, which is an extremely large workload for the staff, and the data accuracy is poor, which affects the research results. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a banana gray stripe disease measurement device and a time dynamic and spatial distribution research method. The banana leaves are clamped on a support plate through a shading component for shooting and measurement, which reduces the workload, ensures the measurement effect, and provides accurate data for the study of banana gray stripe disease.

[0004] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A banana gray streak measurement device comprises a shell, a mounting rod is connected to one side of the upper end of the shell, the upper end of the mounting rod is provided with a support plate corresponding to the shell, a camera is provided in the shell, the lens of the camera extends out of the upper end of the shell, a shading assembly is installed on the shell, the upper end of the shading assembly can be telescoped to the support plate, an illuminating lamp is provided on the upper end of the box body around the camera, a fixing rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the shell, an extension rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the fixing rod, a hand-held rod is provided at the lower end of the extension rod, an operating panel is provided on the hand-held rod, and the camera and the illuminating lamp are both electrically connected to the operating panel.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the measured part of the banana leaf is clamped by the shading component and the support plate, the shooting distance is fixed and the influence of external light is avoided. The part is photographed and measured by the camera, which ensures the accuracy of the measurement result and greatly reduces the workload of the staff.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: a mounting groove with an upper end open and in an annular shape is provided in the shell on the peripheral side of the camera, grooves with upper ends open are provided at the four corners of the mounting groove, the shading assembly includes a cover body, a telescopic motor, a pressure sensor and a flexible ring, the upper and lower ends of the cover body are in an open state, the lower end of the cover body is inserted into the mounting groove, the cover body and the mounting groove are slidably matched, the telescopic motor is installed in the groove, the output shaft of the telescopic motor is connected to the inner side of the upper end of the cover body through the pressure sensor, the flexible ring is sleeved on the upper end of the cover body, and the telescopic motor and the pressure sensor are both electrically connected to the operation panel.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the shading component pushes the cover body up and down through the telescopic motor, and the cover body covers the part to be measured to avoid the influence of light on the camera shooting. The pressure sensor can detect the pressure of the cover body on the leaf, and the softness of the flexible ring can reduce the damage to the banana leaf during the measurement process.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: the shading assembly further comprises a reference ruler and a connecting rod, the reference ruler is arranged in the middle of the cover body, and the reference ruler is connected to the cover body via the connecting rod.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the reference ruler provides a reference basis for the camera's shooting measurement

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: the upper end of the extension rod is threadedly connected to the fixed rod, the lower end of the extension rod is threadedly connected to the hand-held rod, the extension rod includes a tube body with a hollow interior and openings at both ends, a data line is provided in the tube body, and fixing rings are provided at both ends of the data line, the fixing rings are rotatably connected to the tube body, and the upper and lower ends of the data line are detachably electrically connected to the fixed rod and the hand-held rod, respectively.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the extension rod can better enable the staff to measure the banana leaves at higher positions. The data cable in the extension rod facilitates data transmission. When installing the extension rod, the fixing ring will drive the data cable to rotate to avoid the data cable being partially flipped for a long time after connection and being damaged.

[0013] A method for studying the temporal dynamics of banana gray streak disease is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1. Survey method: Select representative diseased leaves for marking, and survey the disease situation in the field every 5 days for a total of 10 surveys. Investigate the number of lesions on banana leaves and their length, width and size, and the length, width and size of banana leaves, and calculate the disease severity at each survey.

[0015] S2. Establishment of lesion growth model: Use linear regression to establish a curve showing the average lesion growth over time on multiple varieties;

[0016] S3. Calculate the prevalence rate of the disease: Use the logistic model to calculate the prevalence rate of the disease every 5 days:

[0017]

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient for staff to clearly understand the changes of banana gray stripe disease over time.

[0019] A method for studying the spatial distribution of banana gray streak disease is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Survey method: Survey once every 15 days, for a total of 2 surveys, each time 30 bananas of each variety were randomly selected to investigate the number of lesions on each banana, and the spatial distribution type of the disease was determined using the spatial distribution type index method;

[0021] S2, ① Diffusion coefficient C:

[0022] The diffusion coefficient is

[0023] When C>1, it is a clustered distribution; when C<1, it is a uniform distribution; when C=1, it is a random distribution;

[0024] ② Aggregation Index I:

[0025] The clustering index is the ratio of the average crowding degree to the mean, that is:

[0026] When I>1, it is a clustered distribution; when I<1, it is a uniform distribution; I=1 is a random distribution;

[0027] The formula for average crowding is

[0028] S3. Determination of theoretical sampling number:

[0029] use The results of regression analysis can provide a general formula for determining the theoretical sampling number:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, n is the theoretical sampling number, D is the allowable error, represents the average incidence, α and β are The coefficients of the constant term and in the regression equation;

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the staff can clearly understand the spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease.

[0033] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] First, the present invention clamps the measured part of the banana leaf with a shading component and a support plate, fixes the shooting distance and avoids the influence of external light, and uses a camera to shoot and measure it, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result and greatly reducing the workload of the staff.

[0035] Secondly, the reference ruler in the present invention is attached to the banana leaf during shooting, which can provide a certain standard for camera shooting and measurement, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the results.

[0036] Third, the research method of the temporal dynamics of banana gray stripe disease in the present invention facilitates the staff to clearly understand the changes of banana gray stripe disease over time, while the research method of the spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease facilitates the staff to clearly understand the spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of the housing in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the mounting groove in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the extension rod in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 is a curve chart showing the change of the length of the lesion with time in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 is a curve diagram showing the change of the lesion width over time in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a curve diagram showing the change of the lesion area over time in the present invention.

[0044] In the figure: 1. Shell; 11. Mounting slot; 12. Groove; 2. Mounting rod; 3. Support plate; 4. Camera; 5. Shading assembly; 51. Cover; 52. Telescopic motor; 53. Pressure sensor; 54. Flexible ring; 55. Reference ruler; 56. Connecting rod; 6. Lighting lamp; 7. Fixing rod; 8. Extension rod; 81. Data cable; 82. Fixing ring; 9. Hand-held rod; 10. Operation panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front”, “back”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0047] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] Embodiment, a banana gray streak disease measuring device, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, it includes a shell 1, a mounting rod 2 is connected to one side of the upper end of the shell 1, the upper end of the mounting rod 2 is provided with a support plate 3 corresponding to the shell 1, a camera 4 is provided in the shell 1, the lens of the camera 4 extends out of the upper end of the shell 1, a shading component 5 is installed on the shell 1, the upper end of the shading component 5 can be telescoped to the support plate 3, an illuminating lamp 6 is provided on the upper end of the box body around the camera 4, the lower end of the shell 1 is detachably connected to a fixing rod 7, the lower end of the fixing rod 7 is detachably connected to an extension rod 8, the lower end of the extension rod 8 is provided with a hand-held rod 9, the hand-held rod 9 is provided with an operation panel 10, and the camera 4 and the illuminating lamp 6 are electrically connected to the operation panel 10. When in use, the support plate 3 is arranged on one side of the banana leaf, and the banana leaf is clamped by the telescopic shading component 5, so that the distance between the banana leaf and the camera 4 is fixed, and the shading component 5 is used to reduce the influence of external light, and the camera is controlled and the shooting picture is checked through the operation panel 10. After shooting, the number of lesions on the banana leaf and the length, width and size of the lesions are measured by the built-in software, and the shooting measurement of the next area is carried out after the data is saved, so that the original record can be saved and it is not easy to lose. The camera 4, the operation panel 10 and the measurement software are prior art, so they are not described in detail. The lighting lamp 6 can be selected to use the structure of LED lamp plus soft light cloth for lighting, which can reduce reflection while ensuring brightness.

[0050] The housing 1 is provided with an annular mounting groove 11 with an upper end opening on the peripheral side of the camera 4, and grooves 12 with an upper end opening are provided at the four corners of the mounting groove 11. The light shielding assembly 5 includes a cover body 51, a telescopic motor 52, a pressure sensor 53 and a flexible ring 54. The upper and lower ends of the cover body 51 are in an open state, and the lower end of the cover body 51 is inserted into the mounting groove 11. The cover body 51 and the mounting groove 11 are slidably matched. The telescopic motor 52 is installed in the groove 12. The output shaft of the telescopic motor 52 is connected to the inner side of the upper end of the cover body 51 through the pressure sensor 53. The flexible ring 54 is sleeved on the upper end of the cover body 51. The telescopic motor 52 and the pressure sensor 53 are both electrically connected to the operation panel 10. When in use, the telescopic motor 52 is controlled to extend, and the cover body 51 is covered at the position where the banana leaf is measured. Then, the pressure sensor 53 detects the pressure of the cover body 51 on the banana leaf. It does not need to be too large, and the flexible ring 54 can fit the banana leaf well to ensure the integrity of the banana leaf after being measured and to ensure the subsequent growth of the banana leaf.

[0051] The light shielding assembly 5 also includes a reference ruler 55 and a connecting rod 56. The reference ruler 55 is arranged in the middle of the cover body 51, and the reference ruler 55 is connected to the cover body 51 through the connecting rod 56. The reference ruler 55 mainly provides a reference for the shooting and measurement of the camera 4 to ensure the accuracy of the data. The connecting rod 56 can be made of a transparent material to avoid blocking the lesion. The reference ruler 55 is in the shape of a cross, and the standard size is 1*1 cm.

[0052] The upper end of the extension rod 8 is threadedly connected to the fixed rod 7, and the lower end of the extension rod 8 is threadedly connected to the hand-held rod 9. The extension rod 8 includes a hollow tube body with upper and lower ends opened. A data line 81 is arranged in the tube body. The upper and lower ends of the data line 81 are provided with a fixing ring 82. The fixing ring 82 is rotatably connected to the tube body. The upper and lower ends of the data line 81 are detachably electrically connected to the fixed rod 7 and the hand-held rod 9, respectively. The extension rod 8 is mainly used to ensure the length of the device and facilitate the measurement of banana leaves at high places. Because it is a threaded connection, the extension rod 8 needs to be rotated when installing the extension rod 8, and the fixing ring 82 allows the data line 81 to rotate as a whole to avoid the data line 81 being damaged by multiple turns of partial rotation. The fixing ring 82 can fix the data line 81 to avoid shaking in the extension tube and producing noise. Of course, there are multiple extension rods 8, which can be installed as needed.

[0053] It should be noted that the device is not only for banana gray streak disease, but also for other diseases or other large-leaf plants.

[0054] 1. Materials and Methods

[0055] 1. A method for studying the temporal dynamics of banana gray streak disease, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S1. Survey method: Select representative diseased leaves for marking, and survey the disease situation in the field every 5 days for a total of 10 surveys. Investigate the number of lesions on banana leaves and their length, width and size, and the length, width and size of banana leaves, and calculate the disease severity at each survey.

[0057] S2. Establishment of lesion growth model: Use linear regression to establish a curve showing the average lesion growth over time on multiple varieties;

[0058] S3. Calculate the prevalence rate of the disease: Use the logistic model to calculate the prevalence rate of the disease every 5 days:

[0059]

[0060] 2. A method for studying the spatial distribution of banana gray streak disease, comprising the following steps:

[0061] S1. Survey method: Survey once every 15 days, for a total of 2 surveys, each time 30 bananas of each variety were randomly selected to investigate the number of lesions on each banana, and the spatial distribution type of the disease was determined using the spatial distribution type index method;

[0062] S2, ① Diffusion coefficient C:

[0063] The diffusion coefficient is

[0064] When C>1, it is a clustered distribution; when C<1, it is a uniform distribution; when C=1, it is a random distribution;

[0065] ② Aggregation Index I:

[0066] The clustering index is the ratio of the average crowding degree to the mean, that is:

[0067] When I>1, it is a clustered distribution; when I<1, it is a uniform distribution; I=1 is a random distribution;

[0068] The formula for average crowding is

[0069] S3. Determination of theoretical sampling number:

[0070] use The results of regression analysis can provide a general formula for determining the theoretical sampling number:

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, n is the theoretical sampling number, D is the allowable error, represents the average incidence, α and β are The coefficients of the constant term and in the regression equation.

[0073] 2. Results and Analysis

[0074] 1. Disease growth dynamics during the exponential growth period

[0075] 1.1. Growth of a single banana gray streak disease spot

[0076] The results of the investigation on the growth of gray streak disease spots on single bananas using Hongyan No. 1, Hongyan No. 2 and Hongyan No. 5 are shown in Table 1

[0077] Table 1: Survey results of the growth of single banana gray stigma lesions on three varieties

[0078]

[0079] As shown in Table 1, the growth time of a single banana gray streak disease lesion can last for about 2 months, the lesion length can reach more than 1.77 cm, and the width can reach more than 0.43 cm. The curves of the growth (length, width, area) of a single lesion over time are close to a straight line.

[0080] The curve of the change of lesion length over time: Y = 0.62 + 0.020x (r = 0.99)

[0081] Curve of lesion width changing with time: Y = 0.21 + 0.004x (r = 0.95)

[0082] The curve of the change of lesion area over time: Y = 0.08 + 0.0129x (r = 0.95)

[0083] The curves of the change of lesion length over time, the curves of the change of lesion width over time and the curves of the change of lesion area over time are shown in Fig. Figure 5-7 visible.

[0084] 1.2 Banana gray stripe disease is increasing

[0085] The results of the investigation on the growth of banana gray stripe disease on Hongyan No. 1, Hongyan No. 2 and Hongyan No. 5 varieties are shown in Table 2.

[0086] Table 2: Growth of banana gray streak disease on Hongyan No. 1, Hongyan No. 2 and Hongyan No. 5 varieties

[0087]

[0088] 1.3 Daily growth rate of banana gray stripe disease on different varieties

[0089] The logistic model is used to calculate the prevalence rate of the disease:

[0090]

[0091] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0092] Table 3 Daily growth rate of banana gray streak disease on three varieties

[0093]

[0094] As can be seen from Table 3, the daily growth rate of banana gray stripe disease is around 0.0001-0.007.

[0095] 2. Spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease

[0096] 2.1. Investigation of the spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease

[0097] The survey and measurement results of spatial distribution are shown in Table 4.

[0098] Table 4 Determination values ​​of spatial distribution type of banana gray streak disease

[0099]

[0100] 2.2 Theoretical sampling number of banana gray stripe disease at different disease severity levels According to the regression analysis results of average crowding and mean, According to the formula α=2.4440,β=1.2055,t=1.96, calculate and determine the theoretical sampling number under different disease severity levels, see Table 5.

[0101] Table 5 Theoretical sampling values ​​at different incidence levels of banana gray streak disease

[0102]

[0103] 3. According to the regression analysis results of average crowding and mean, That is: α=2.444, β=1.206. Theoretical research on spatial distribution shows that α>0, β>1, indicating that the basic component of distribution is the individual group, and the individual groups are clustered. This can be explained as follows: after the initial infection of banana gray stripe disease, new spores are quickly formed on the leaf surface and re-infected, and then the offspring and grandchildren lesions are quickly formed. These offspring and grandchildren lesions occur around the parent lesions, thus forming a pattern in which the basic component is the individual group, and the individual groups are clustered.

[0104] 4. The use of the "five-point method" in field sampling surveys may cause large errors. The use of sampling methods such as parallel lines is helpful in reducing errors.

[0105] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A banana gray streak disease measuring device, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: A mounting rod (2) is connected to one side of the upper end of the shell (1), and a support plate (3) corresponding to the shell (1) is provided at the upper end of the mounting rod (2). A camera (4) is provided in the shell (1), and a lens of the camera (4) extends out of the upper end of the shell (1). A shading assembly (5) is installed on the shell (1), and the upper end of the shading assembly (5) can be extended to the support plate (3). An illuminating lamp (6) is provided on the upper end of the box body around the camera (4). A fixing rod (7) is detachably connected to the lower end of the shell (1), and an extension rod (8) is detachably connected to the lower end of the fixing rod (7). A hand-held rod (9) is provided at the lower end of the extension rod (8), and an operating panel (10) is provided on the hand-held rod (9). The camera (4) and the illuminating lamp (6) are both electrically connected to the operating panel (10).

2. A banana gray streak disease measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with an annular mounting groove (11) with an upper end opening on the peripheral side of the camera (4); grooves (12) with an upper end opening are provided at four corners of the mounting groove (11); the shading component (5) comprises a cover body (51), a telescopic motor (52), a pressure sensor (53) and a flexible ring (54); the upper and lower ends of the cover body (51) are open; the lower end of the cover body (51) is inserted into the mounting groove (11); the cover body (51) and the mounting groove (11) are slidably matched; the telescopic motor (52) is installed in the groove (12); the output shaft of the telescopic motor (52) is connected to the inner side of the upper end of the cover body (51) through the pressure sensor (53); the flexible ring (54) is sleeved on the upper end of the cover body (51); and the telescopic motor (52) and the pressure sensor (53) are both electrically connected to the operation panel (10).

3. A banana gray streak disease measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shading assembly (5) further comprises a reference ruler (55) and a connecting rod (56); the reference ruler (55) is arranged in the middle of the cover body (51); and the reference ruler (55) is connected to the cover body (51) via the connecting rod (56).

4. A banana gray streak disease measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end of the extension rod (8) is threadedly connected to the fixed rod (7), and the lower end of the extension rod (8) is threadedly connected to the hand-held rod (9). The extension rod (8) comprises a tube body which is hollow inside and open at both ends. A data line (81) is arranged in the tube body. The upper and lower ends of the data line (81) are both provided with fixing rings (82), and the fixing rings (82) are rotatably connected to the tube body. The upper end and the lower end of the data line (81) are respectively detachably electrically connected to the fixed rod (7) and the hand-held rod (9).

5. The method for studying the temporal dynamics of banana gray streak disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Survey method: Select representative diseased leaves for marking, and survey the disease situation in the field every 5 days for a total of 10 surveys. Investigate the number of lesions on banana leaves and their length, width and size, and the length, width and size of banana leaves, and calculate the disease severity at each survey. S2. Establishment of lesion growth model: Use linear regression to establish a curve showing the average lesion growth of multiple varieties over time; S3. Calculate the prevalence rate of the disease: Use the logistic model to calculate the prevalence rate of the disease every 5 days:

6. The method for studying the spatial distribution of banana gray stripe disease according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Survey method: Survey once every 15 days, for a total of 2 surveys, each time 30 bananas of each variety were randomly selected to investigate the number of lesions on each banana, and the spatial distribution type of the disease was determined using the spatial distribution type index method; S2, ① Diffusion coefficient C: The diffusion coefficient is When C>1, it is a clustered distribution; when C<1, it is a uniform distribution; when C=1, it is a random distribution; ② Aggregation Index I: The clustering index is the ratio of the average crowding degree to the mean, that is: When I>1, it is a clustered distribution; when I<1, it is a uniform distribution; I=1 is a random distribution; The formula for average crowding is S3. Determination of theoretical sampling number: use The results of regression analysis can provide a general formula for determining the theoretical sampling number: In the formula, n is the theoretical sampling number, D is the allowable error, represents the average incidence, α and β are The coefficients of the constant term and in the regression equation.

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