Vertical vibration isolation spherical support with low dynamic and static stiffness ratio

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge structures or buildings, in particular to a vertical vibration isolation spherical support with a low dynamic and static stiffness ratio, which comprises an upper seat plate, a middle seat plate, a lower seat plate and a base plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a groove is formed in the top of the base plate, and the lower seat plate is arranged in the groove of the base plate; a plurality of elastic assemblies and a fixing plate are arranged between the lower seat plate and the base plate, a plurality of through holes are evenly distributed in the fixing plate, and the elastic assemblies are arranged in the through holes. The upper surface of the elastic assembly is attached to the lower surface of the lower seat plate, the lower surface of the elastic assembly is attached to the bottom surface of the groove of the base plate, and the elastic assembly is an elastic element or is formed by connecting a plurality of elastic elements in series. The dynamic and static stiffness ratio of an existing vertical vibration isolation support is greatly reduced, and the vertical vibration isolation requirement can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bridge structure or building, and in particular to a vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio. Background Art

[0002] The vibration of rail transit trains not only affects people's physical and mental health and hinders the use of sensitive instruments in buildings, but also causes serious damage to buildings. For rail transit, adding vibration isolation supports is often used to isolate vibration. In existing research, vibration isolation supports are often divided into rubber vibration isolation supports and metal vibration isolation supports. Rubber vibration isolation supports have certain defects in vibration isolation effect and lifespan.

[0003] Publication No.: CN108730394A A vertical vibration isolation spherical steel bearing with a disc-type structural isolator discloses a metal disc-type structural isolator, which can meet the needs of high load-bearing and stiffness. However, elastic elements of different sizes need to be designed for bearings with different tonnages and different required stiffness. There are many types of elastic elements, and an annular non-metallic slide plate is arranged under the elastic element. Due to the presence of the non-metallic slide plate, the dynamic and static stiffness of the bearing is slightly larger than that of an ordinary bearing. At the same time, the uniformity of the vertical load transmitted to the concrete surface of the pier through the non-metallic slide plate needs to be improved.

[0004] Publication No.: CN116791467A A design method and support for a vibration-isolating spherical steel support containing metal rubber, wherein a metal rubber vibration-isolating assembly is arranged between the middle seat plate and the upper cover plate, or between the middle seat plate and the lower seat plate, or between the upper cover plate and the upper seat plate, and the metal rubber vibration-isolating assembly includes metal rubber components uniformly arranged on a circle concentric with the middle seat plate. However, the processing of metal rubber is complex, the overall vertical dynamic and static stiffness of the device is relatively high, and the production cost is high, and the elastic component of the support is prone to horizontal movement during transportation and use.

[0005] Therefore, in order to meet market demand, it is urgent to design a vibration isolation spherical bearing with a lower dynamic-static stiffness ratio, uniform vertical load transfer and low production cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with a low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, so as to solve the problems of large dynamic-static stiffness ratio, uneven vertical load transmission and high production cost of existing vibration isolation spherical bearings.

[0007] In order to optimize the load transfer path, protect the vibration isolation component, improve the system flexibility, optimize the dynamic-static stiffness ratio and enhance the vibration isolation effect, the vibration isolation spherical bearing in the prior art usually sets the vibration isolation component in the area above the spherical friction pair. This can more directly absorb the load from above, so that the vibration isolation component can more effectively attenuate the vibration energy, solving the problem of poor vibration isolation effect of ordinary bearings. At the same time, it avoids the problem that the dynamic and static stiffness of the vibration isolation component set below the spherical friction pair is greater than that of the ordinary bearing, the vibration isolation component and the base slide relative to each other, and the vertical load is unevenly transferred to the pier.

[0008] However, the vibration isolation component is set in the area above the spherical friction pair, and the elastic component of the support is prone to horizontal movement during transportation and use. In order to ensure the fixation of the elastic element and the stiffness of the support, it is necessary to provide grooves on the seat plate and design special elastic elements, which is not conducive to adjustment according to the load and required stiffness, and the production cost is high.

[0009] In order to further reduce the dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the bearing, reduce the production cost of the bearing, and ensure that the vertical load can be evenly transmitted to the pier, the present invention arranges a vibration isolation assembly between the lower seat plate and the base plate, which greatly reduces the vertical stiffness of the bearing. At the same time, the vertical stiffness is relatively stable, which can meet the vertical vibration isolation requirements, optimize the structure of the vibration isolation assembly, reasonably arrange the fixed plate and the elastic assembly, and redesign the structure and material of the elastic element, so that the dynamic stiffness and static stiffness are relatively stable, and the dynamic and static stiffness are relatively low, so that the elastic assembly of the bearing does not move horizontally during transportation and use.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with a low dynamic-static stiffness ratio comprises an upper seat plate, a middle seat plate, a lower seat plate and a base plate arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the top of the base plate is provided with a groove, and the lower seat plate is arranged in the groove of the base plate; a vibration isolation component is arranged between the lower seat plate and the base plate; the vibration isolation component comprises a plurality of elastic components and a fixed plate, the fixed plate is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes, and the elastic component is arranged in the through holes; the upper surface of the elastic component is in contact with the lower surface of the lower seat plate, and the lower surface of the elastic component is in contact with the bottom surface of the groove of the base plate, and the elastic component is an elastic element or is composed of a plurality of elastic elements connected in series.

[0011] Furthermore, the elastic element is an axisymmetric structure, and the elastic element comprises an upper elastic element and a lower elastic element, the upper elastic element and the lower elastic element have the same structure, and the upper elastic element and the lower elastic element are connected in a facing manner.

[0012] Furthermore, the upper surface of the upper elastic element includes an outer center top surface located at the center and an outer inclined surface located outside the outer center top surface, the lower surface of the upper elastic element includes an inner center surface located at the center and a bottom supporting surface connected to the inner center surface, and the two ends of the outer cylindrical surface of the upper elastic element are respectively connected to the outer inclined surface and the bottom supporting surface.

[0013] Furthermore, the fixing plate is fixed to the bottom of the groove of the base plate, and a vertical gap is provided between the fixing plate and the lower surface of the lower seat plate to ensure that the elastic component can undergo axial deformation, and a deformation gap is provided between the through hole on the fixing plate and the elastic component to facilitate radial deformation of the elastic component when subjected to vertical load.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer center top surface is slightly convex upward.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the inner center surface is one of a semicircle, a triangle or a trapezoid.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom supporting surface is a plane or an inclined surface.

[0017] Furthermore, the elastic element further comprises a viscoelastic material, the elastic element is connected by the upper elastic element, the lower elastic element and the viscoelastic material through vulcanization, and the height of the viscoelastic material is lower than the upper and lower top surfaces of the elastic element.

[0018] Furthermore, a support plate is provided between the upper elastic element and the lower elastic element to prevent the upper elastic element and the lower elastic element from being deformed excessively.

[0019] Furthermore, the support plate is a flat plate with bosses arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle portion.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. The present invention adds a vibration isolation component between the base plate and the lower base plate, and sets a plurality of elastic components evenly distributed on the fixed plate of the vibration isolation component, so as to facilitate adjustment of the number of elastic components according to the load, reduce processing costs, avoid the phenomenon of uneven load transfer caused by friction between the vibration isolation component and the base plate, and improve the structure of the elastic element at the same time, which can more evenly distribute the stress on the bottom surface of the structure and reduce the maximum tensile stress of the structure. Moreover, the interior of the elastic component is made of metal material and does not contain non-metallic materials. These measures can greatly reduce the dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the existing vertical vibration isolation support and meet the vertical vibration isolation requirements.

[0022] 2. In the present invention, there is a certain vertical gap between the fixed plate and the lower surface of the lower seat plate. When the vertical bearing capacity of the support is greater than the design load, the lower seat plate and the fixed plate come into contact to prevent the elastic component from being excessively deformed, thereby protecting the elastic component. Circular holes are evenly distributed inside the fixed plate, and the elastic components are evenly placed therein. The diameter of the circular holes is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the elastic components, so that the elastic components of the support do not move horizontally during transportation and use.

[0023] 3. The elastic elements of the present invention can be mass-produced, and the interior of the elastic components are all made of metal materials, which can reduce costs and facilitate assembly requirements. In addition, different tonnages and different vertical stiffness designs can be achieved by connecting multiple elastic components in parallel, thereby meeting the vibration isolation requirements of ultra-large tonnage and special scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a plan view of the elastic component of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixing plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic element embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the elastic element of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic element embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 4 of the upper elastic element of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of an elastic element embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic element embodiment 6 of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of Example 7 of the elastic element of the present invention.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Upper seat plate; 2. Plane friction pair; 3. Middle seat plate; 4. Spherical segment friction pair; 5. Guide friction pair; 6. Lower seat plate; 7. Elastic component; 701. Upper elastic element; 7011. Outer center top surface; 7012. Outer inclined surface; 7013. Outer cylindrical surface; 7014. Bottom support surface; 7015. Inner center surface; 702. Lower elastic element; 703. Support plate; 704. Viscoelastic material; 8. Fixing plate; 801. Through hole; 9. Base plate; 901. Groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the technical means, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific drawings.

[0040] It should be noted that all the terms used in the present invention to indicate directionality and position, such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "top", "lower", "lateral", "longitudinal", "center", etc., are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and connection status between the components in a certain state, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than requiring the present invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0043] The conventional spherical bearing is composed of an upper seat plate 1, a plane friction pair 2, a middle seat plate 3, a spherical surface friction pair 4, a guide friction pair 5 and a lower seat plate 6.

[0044] The present invention discloses a vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with a low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, comprising: an upper seat plate 1, a middle seat plate 3, a lower seat plate 6 and a base plate 9 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0045] A groove 901 is provided on the top of the base plate 9, and the lower seat plate 6 is arranged in the groove 901 of the base plate 9;

[0046] A vibration isolation assembly is provided between the lower seat plate 6 and the base plate 9;

[0047] The vibration isolation assembly includes a plurality of elastic assemblies 7 and a fixing plate 8. The fixing plate 8 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes 801. The elastic assemblies 7 are arranged in the through holes 801 of the fixing plate 8.

[0048] The upper surface of the elastic component 7 fits with the lower surface of the lower seat plate 6, and the lower surface of the elastic component 7 fits with the bottom surface of the groove 901 of the base plate 9. The elastic component 7 is an elastic element or is composed of multiple elastic elements connected in series.

[0049] The lower seat plate 6 is arranged in the groove 901 of the base plate 9, and a vibration isolation component is arranged between the two, allowing a certain degree of angle change and displacement, thereby improving the adaptability and installation tolerance of the support. At the same time, the two sides of the lower seat plate 6 abut against the inner wall of the base plate 9, avoiding the horizontal displacement of the lower seat plate 6 under the action of the vibration isolation component, and the elastic component 7 in the support can effectively absorb and attenuate the vibration energy transmitted to the upper structure, reducing the impact on the building or mechanical equipment. The elastic component 7 is evenly distributed in the through hole 801 of the fixed plate 8, ensuring the uniform distribution of the load on the entire support, avoiding local stress concentration, and improving the safety and durability of the overall structure. The support can maintain sufficient support stiffness under static conditions, and show higher flexibility under dynamic conditions, which helps to better absorb vibration and has a lower dynamic-static stiffness ratio.

[0050] The vibration isolation layer composed of multiple elastic components 7 can provide effective vibration isolation within a wide frequency band and is suitable for various vibration sources and environmental conditions. At the same time, it is modularly designed according to actual needs, which is convenient for manufacturing and for adjusting parameters such as bearing capacity and stiffness according to specific application scenarios. It improves design flexibility, achieves reasonable and uniform load distribution and energy dissipation, helps to reduce wear between components, prolongs the service life of the entire support system, and reduces maintenance costs. The dynamic and static stiffness of the support is lower than that of the existing vertical vibration isolation support.

[0051] Specifically, the elastic element is an axisymmetric structure, and the elastic element includes an upper elastic element 701 and a lower elastic element 702. The upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 have the same structure. The upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 contact each other through their corresponding end faces to form a continuous elastic support system, and each interface of the elastic element is chamfered.

[0052] The axisymmetric structure ensures uniform distribution of loads in all directions, reduces stress concentration, and improves the safety and durability of the overall structure. The structural consistency allows the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 to perform consistently when subjected to the same type of load, enhancing the stability and reliability of the system. By placing two elastic elements of the same structure relative to each other, a continuous elastic support system is formed, which can more effectively absorb and attenuate vibration energy and reduce the impact of vibration transmitted to the upper structure. At the same time, using elastic elements of the same structure can simplify the production and assembly process, reduce manufacturing costs, and facilitate modular design to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0053] Specifically, the upper elastic element 701 is placed on the corresponding surface of the lower elastic element 702 .

[0054] The connection mode between the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 is arranged to facilitate the deformation of the elastic element under pressure, avoid the connection piece restricting the deformation of the elastic element, and ensure the vibration isolation and buffering effect.

[0055] Embodiment 1, as Figure 6 Specifically, the upper surface of the upper elastic element 701 includes an outer center top surface 7011 located at the center and an outer inclined surface 7012 located outside the outer center top surface 7011, the lower surface of the upper elastic element 701 includes an inner center surface 7015 located at the center and a bottom supporting surface 7014 connected to the inner center surface 7015, and the two ends of the outer cylindrical surface 7013 of the upper elastic element 701 are respectively connected to the outer inclined surface 7012 and the bottom supporting surface 7014.

[0056] Preferably, the inner center surface 7015 is a spherical segment surface.

[0057] The outer center top surface 7011 serves as the central contact point of the upper surface and directly bears the vertical load from above, ensuring that the load can be evenly distributed on the entire elastic element, reducing local stress concentration. The outer inclined surface 7012 surrounds the outer center top surface 7011 to guide and disperse the load and allows a certain degree of angle change, so that the support can still maintain good mechanical properties in the case of slight unevenness or installation errors; at the same time, it helps to reduce the impact of lateral forces on the elastic element and improve the overall stability. The inner center surface 7015 is located at the center of the lower surface, forming a hemispherical depression, which can evenly distribute the bottom tensile stress and reduce the maximum tensile stress of the elastic element. The bottom support surface 7014 is connected to the inner center surface 7015, which can be used to support the elastic unit and facilitate the connection of the lower elastic element 702.

[0058] The surface design of this setting ensures uniform distribution of loads in all directions, reduces stress concentration, can more effectively absorb and attenuate vibration energy, reduce the impact of vibration transmitted to the superstructure, and improve the safety and durability of the overall structure. At the same time, the use of elastic elements with the same structure can simplify the production and assembly process, reduce manufacturing costs, and facilitate modular design to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0059] Embodiment 2, as Figure 7 Specifically, the outer center top surface 7011 is slightly convex upward.

[0060] When the outer center top surface 7011 is set to be slightly convex, the elastic components and the elastic components, and the elastic components and the lower base 6 are in contact and compressed and deformed, so that the outer center top surface 7011 becomes a plane, increasing the contact area between the elastic components and the elastic components, and the elastic components and the lower base 6, avoiding excessive local pressure, reducing wear and stress concentration, and helping to extend the service life of the system.

[0061] Embodiment 3, as Figure 8 Specifically, the bottom supporting surface 7014 can be an inclined surface.

[0062] The bottom supporting surface 7014 is set as an inclined surface. When the elastic element is under pressure, the outer center top surface 7011 transfers the pressure to the lower surface, and then disperses it to the base plate 9 through the bottom supporting surface 7014. The bottom supporting surface 7014 is deformed after being compressed, and the contact area between the bottom supporting surface 7014 and the base plate 9 increases. The entire bottom supporting surface 7014 becomes a plane, avoiding excessive local pressure, reducing wear and stress concentration, and helping to extend the service life of the system.

[0063] Specifically, the cross-section of the lower surface of the upper elastic element 701 located at the center plane may also be a triangle or a trapezoid.

[0064] Embodiment 4, as Fig. 9The lower surface cross-section of the upper elastic element 701 is a triangular cross-section, which enables the load to be more effectively concentrated in the central area, reduces the stress concentration in the edge area, improves the durability and reliability of the structure, and the concentrated load transfer path enhances the overall bearing capacity of the system, especially under high load conditions.

[0065] Embodiment 5, as Fig.10 The design of the lower surface cross-section of the upper elastic element 701 as a trapezoidal cross-section allows the load to be evenly distributed over a larger range, reducing the risk of local overload and improving the stability and reliability of the system. The larger contact area helps to better absorb and attenuate vibration energy, improves the vibration isolation effect of the system, reduces the requirements for installation accuracy, reduces installation difficulty, and improves installation efficiency.

[0066] Embodiment 6, as Fig.11 Specifically, the upper elastic element 701, the lower elastic element 702 and the viscoelastic material 704 are connected by vulcanization, and the height of the viscoelastic material 704 is lower than the upper and lower top surfaces of the elastic element.

[0067] The vulcanization connection firmly combines the upper elastic element 701, the lower elastic element 702 and the viscoelastic material 704 to form a whole, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the system. The height of the viscoelastic material 704 is lower than the upper and lower top surfaces of the elastic element, so that the load is mainly transmitted through the elastic element rather than directly through the viscoelastic material, ensuring that the load can be more effectively concentrated on the elastic element, reducing the pressure on the viscoelastic material 704, and improving the bearing capacity of the system. It is convenient for the assembly and transportation of the support, and can realize dustproof and protection for the internal standard elastic elements. The standard elastic elements are pre-pressed before packaging to remove residual deformation inside the elastic component, thereby not affecting the performance of the elastic elements.

[0068] Preferably, the viscoelastic material 704 is a polyurethane material.

[0069] Embodiment 7, as Fig.12 Specifically, a support plate 703 is provided between the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 to prevent the elastic element from being deformed too much.

[0070] When the elastic element is subjected to a large load, the lower surface of the elastic element contacts the support plate 703, and the support plate 703 plays an overload protection role.

[0071] Preferably, the support plate 703 is a flat plate with bosses provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle portion, so as to limit excessive deformation of the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 .

[0072] Under normal working conditions, a gap is maintained between the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 and the bosses of the support plate 703, allowing the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 to deform freely within the design load range. When the vertical bearing capacity of the support exceeds the design load, the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 contact with the bosses of the support plate 703 to prevent the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 from excessive deformation, thereby protecting the elastic components from damage. As an overload protection mechanism, it ensures the safety and reliability of the system under extreme conditions.

[0073] The bosses provide additional support points, increase the contact area, distribute the load, and improve the overall load-bearing capacity of the system.

[0074] Preferably, the upper elastic element 701, the support plate 703, the lower elastic element 702 and the viscoelastic material 704 are connected by vulcanization.

[0075] Specifically, a layer of lubricating material is plated on the outer center top surface 7011 of the upper elastic element 701, so that the upper surface of the vibration isolation layer has a low friction coefficient, does not transmit horizontal force, and prevents the elastic element from moving horizontally during transportation and use.

[0076] Specifically, the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 are made of the same or different materials.

[0077] Using the same material can ensure that the two elastic elements are consistent in mechanical properties, thermal expansion coefficient and other physical properties, and exhibit consistent behavior when subjected to load, reducing the risk of stress concentration between different materials, enhancing the stability and reliability of the system, and thus achieving better collaborative working effects. At the same time, using the same material can simplify the production and assembly process, reduce manufacturing costs, and facilitate modular design. If replacement or repair is required, components made of the same material are easier to find substitutes, reducing the difficulty of maintenance.

[0078] Different materials can be used according to the needs of specific application scenarios. Materials with different properties can be selected to optimize specific performance indicators, such as stiffness, damping, durability, etc. Specifically, high-elastic materials can be selected for the upper part to provide good energy absorption, while high-strength materials can be selected for the lower part to ensure support stability, so as to achieve the best vibration isolation effect, make the overall structure more adaptable to complex and changeable working conditions, and ensure that the system is always in the best working condition.

[0079] Preferably, the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702 are made of metal materials, such as carbon steel.

[0080] Metal materials usually have high tensile, compressive and shear strengths, and can withstand large loads without permanent deformation, which improves the overall safety and reliability of the system. The high elastic modulus and low damping characteristics of metal materials enable them to effectively transmit and absorb vibrations, reducing the impact of vibrations transmitted to the upper structure. In addition, metal materials have a fast dynamic response speed and can adjust and stabilize the system in a short time, thereby improving the vibration isolation efficiency. The elastic component 7 does not contain non-metallic materials, which helps to reduce the overall dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the support.

[0081] This arrangement can not only significantly improve the mechanical strength and durability of the system, but also optimize the dynamic performance and improve the reliability and safety of the system by selecting metal materials as the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702. This design is particularly suitable for applications that require efficient vibration isolation, high reliability and long life.

[0082] Specifically, the number of elastic components 7 can be designed according to the vertical bearing capacity and required stiffness.

[0083] Since the elastic components 7 are respectively fitted with the lower seat plate 6 and the base plate 9, the number of elastic components 7 can be modularly designed according to specific needs, which is convenient for manufacturing, installation and maintenance. Only the fixing plate 8 needs to be adjusted, which does not affect the structure of other parts of the system. The modular design makes the production process more standardized and efficient, reduces manufacturing costs, and facilitates large-scale production and quality control. If an elastic component 7 fails or needs to be replaced, it can be replaced separately without affecting other parts of the entire system, reducing the difficulty and cost of maintenance. When the load conditions or vibration isolation requirements change, the support performance can be quickly adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of elastic components 7, which improves the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0084] Specifically, each interface of the elastic element is chamfered.

[0085] The interfaces of the elastic elements are chamfered, which can effectively reduce the stress level and increase fatigue performance, reduce the risk of accidental injury and external damage, extend the service life of the elastic elements by reducing friction and wear, reduce long-term maintenance costs, and enhance the safety and reliability of the overall structure.

[0086] Specifically, the fixing plate 8 is fixed at the bottom of the groove 901 of the base plate 9, and there is a certain vertical gap between the fixing plate 8 and the lower surface of the lower seat plate 6 to ensure that the elastic component 7 can be axially deformed; a deformation gap is provided between the through hole 801 on the fixing plate 8 and the elastic component 7 to facilitate radial deformation of the elastic component 7 when subjected to vertical loads.

[0087] The fixing plate 8 is fixed to the bottom of the groove 901 of the base plate 9 to ensure the stability of the position of the fixing plate 8 and provide a solid foundation so that the elastic component 7 can be evenly distributed and reliably installed in its through hole 801, reducing assembly errors, improving installation accuracy and efficiency, and enhancing the structural integrity of the entire support system. Under normal working conditions, the gap between the fixing plate 8 and the lower seat plate 6 is maintained to allow the elastic component 7 to deform freely within the design load range. When the vertical bearing capacity of the support exceeds the design load, the lower seat plate 6 contacts the fixing plate 8 to prevent the elastic component 7 from deforming too much, thereby protecting the elastic component from damage. As an overload protection mechanism, it ensures the safety and reliability of the system under extreme conditions. A deformation gap is set between the through hole 801 and the elastic component 7, so that the elastic component 7 can deform radially when subjected to vertical loads without being restricted by the fixing plate 8, which helps to better absorb and attenuate vibration energy, improve the vibration isolation effect, reduce the stress concentration caused by the elastic component 7 due to restriction, reduce the risk of fatigue damage, and extend its service life. The upper surface of the fixing plate 8 is higher than the outer cylindrical surface 7013 of the upper elastic element 701, so that the elastic component 7 can move in the through hole 801 and ensure that the fixing plate 8 will not interfere with the normal working range of the elastic component 7. In extreme cases, such as overload, it can provide additional support, increase the overall stiffness of the system, and improve the stability and reliability of the support under extreme conditions.

[0088] This arrangement has good mechanical response capability, avoids the risk of failure of the elastic component 7 due to excessive deformation, further improves the vibration isolation performance of the system, reduces the impact of vibration transmitted to the upper structure, and improves the safety and reliability of the system.

[0089] Preferably, the deformation gap between the through hole 801 on the fixing plate 8 and the elastic component 7 is smaller than the contact area between the bottom supporting surface 7014 and the base plate 9 .

[0090] This arrangement helps to maintain a stable structure between the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702, avoiding misalignment between the upper elastic element 701 and the lower elastic element 702, causing performance changes in the elastic component 7, and affecting the isolation effect and dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the system.

[0091] Preferably, the difference between the height of the through hole 801 and the height of the elastic component 7 is smaller than the height of the upper elastic element 701 .

[0092] This arrangement prevents the elastic component 7 from being separated from the through hole 801 during operation, thereby affecting the stability and reliability of the device.

[0093] Specifically, the plurality of through holes 801 are evenly distributed on concentric circles with the central axis of the fixing plate 8 or the lower seat plate 6 or the base plate 9 as the axis.

[0094] By evenly distributing the through holes 801 on concentric circles, it is ensured that the load on each elastic component 7 is as uniform as possible, and the vibration energy from all directions is more effectively absorbed and attenuated, thereby improving the vibration isolation effect, reducing the risk of local overload, and helping to maintain the overall stability and reliability of the system.

[0095] Through reasonable layout, this setting can improve the bearing capacity and vibration isolation effect without increasing the volume of the support. The optimized space utilization reduces unnecessary material waste, reduces manufacturing costs, and can flexibly adapt to different bearing capacity and stiffness requirements.

[0096] Specifically, the arrangement form of the plurality of through holes 801 may also be a combination of a rectangle or other forms.

[0097] Specifically, the through hole 801 may be circular or square.

[0098] The circular through hole 801 can provide a continuous, non-angular boundary, so that the elastic component 7 can be evenly stressed when deforming radially, and the circular through hole 801 helps to distribute the load more evenly, reduces stress concentration points, and improves the overall stability and reliability of the system. The circular through hole allows the elastic component 7 to deform radially freely when subjected to vertical loads, which helps to better absorb and attenuate vibration energy and improves the vibration isolation effect. At the same time, the circular through hole 801 is easy to process and can be efficiently produced through common processes such as drilling and stamping, reducing manufacturing costs.

[0099] The square through hole 801 can provide a larger contact area and enhance the supporting stiffness of the elastic component 7. It is suitable for applications that require higher supporting stiffness or greater load-bearing capacity. The square through hole 801 can arrange more elastic components 7 in a limited space, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity per unit area.

[0100] Preferably, the through hole 801 is circular.

[0101] Example 8

[0102] A vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, in addition to normal components, a vibration isolation layer is set inside the bearing. Its vibration isolation component is composed of a plurality of elastic components 7, and the vertical load of the bearing is transmitted to the base plate 9 and the pad stone through the upper base plate 1, the middle base plate 3, and the lower base plate 6 through the plurality of elastic components 7.

[0103] The elastic component 7 is an axisymmetric structure, consisting of an upper elastic element 701 and a lower elastic element 702. The upper surface of the upper elastic element 701 consists of an outer center top surface 7011 located in the center and an outer inclined surface 7012 located outside the outer center top surface 7011. The side surface of the upper elastic element 701 consists of a cylindrical surface. The lower surface of the upper elastic element 701 consists of an inner center surface 7015 located in the center and a bottom supporting surface 7014 connected to the inner center surface 7015. All interface surfaces of the elastic elements are chamfered.

[0104] Circular holes are evenly distributed inside the fixing plate 8 , and the diameter of the circular holes is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the elastic component 7 . There is a certain vertical gap between the upper surface of the fixing plate 8 and the lower seat plate 6 , and the lower surface of the fixing plate 8 is fixed to the base plate 9 .

[0105] The present embodiment provides a vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with a low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, which adds a vibration isolation layer formed by several elastic components 7 to reduce the vertical stiffness of the bearing; the elastic component 7 in the present embodiment is composed of two upper and lower elastic elements, and each interface of the elastic elements is chamfered, which can effectively reduce the stress level and increase fatigue performance; the bottom surface of the elastic element is the inner center surface 7015, which can evenly distribute the tensile stress of the bottom surface and reduce the maximum tensile stress of the elastic element; the elastic component 7 does not contain non-metallic materials inside, which reduces the overall dynamic-static stiffness ratio of the bearing; the elastic components 7 are evenly distributed in the circular hole of the fixed plate 8, which can prevent the bearing from horizontal displacement during transportation and use; there is a certain vertical gap between the upper surface of the fixed plate 8 and the lower seat plate 6, which ensures that the lower seat plate 6 and the fixed plate 8 are in contact when the bearing is overloaded, which can protect the elastic element from damage and does not affect the normal use of the bearing; the fixed plate 8 is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate 9, and the elastic components 7 are evenly arranged on the upper surface of the base plate 9 to ensure that the elastic elements are located in the same plane.

[0106] The support designed by the above embodiment has the elastic elements in the vibration isolation layer arranged evenly, and the vertical force is evenly applied, so that the force transmission and vibration isolation functions can be well realized. The plane friction pair 2 and the spherical segment friction pair 4 jointly bear the vertical bearing, horizontal sliding and vertical rotation functions of the support, the guide friction pair 5 bears the transmission of horizontal force, and the elastic component 7 does not participate in the horizontal force transmission, so that the reliability of the vibration isolation performance of the support can be improved. It has good social and economic benefits.

[0107] The dynamic and static stiffness ratio of the elastic element in the present application and the metal rubber was tested, and the dynamic and static stiffness ratio as shown in Table 1 was obtained.

[0108] Table 1. Dynamic and static stiffness comparison test of the elastic element of the present application and metal rubber

[0109] The elastic element of this application Metal Rubber 1 1.25 3.18 2 1.27 3.44 3 1.13 7.22

[0110] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with a low dynamic-static stiffness ratio, characterized in that: The invention comprises an upper seat plate (1), a middle seat plate (3), a lower seat plate (6) and a base plate (9) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The top of the base plate (9) is provided with a groove (901), and the lower seat plate (6) is arranged in the groove (901) of the base plate (9); A vibration isolation assembly is provided between the lower seat plate (6) and the base plate (9); The vibration isolation component comprises a plurality of elastic components (7) and a fixing plate (8); the fixing plate (8) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed through holes (801); and the elastic components (7) are arranged in the through holes (801); The upper surface of the elastic component (7) fits with the lower surface of the lower seat plate (6), and the lower surface of the elastic component (7) fits with the bottom surface of the groove (901) of the base plate (9). The elastic component (7) is an elastic element or is composed of a plurality of elastic elements connected in series.

2. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is an axisymmetric structure, and comprises an upper elastic element (701) and a lower elastic element (702). The upper elastic element (701) and the lower elastic element (702) have the same structure, and the upper elastic element (701) and the lower elastic element (702) are connected in a facing manner.

3. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the upper elastic element (701) includes an outer center top surface (7011) located at the center and an outer inclined surface (7012) located on the periphery of the outer center top surface (7011); the lower surface of the upper elastic element (701) includes an inner center surface (7015) located at the center and a bottom supporting surface (7014) connected to the inner center surface (7015); and the two ends of the outer cylindrical surface (7013) of the upper elastic element (701) are respectively connected to the outer inclined surface (7012) and the bottom supporting surface (7014).

4. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fixing plate (8) is fixed to the bottom of the groove (901) of the base plate (9); a vertical gap is provided between the fixing plate (8) and the lower surface of the lower seat plate (6) to ensure that the elastic component (7) can be axially deformed; a deformation gap is provided between the through hole (801) on the fixing plate (8) and the elastic component (7) to facilitate radial deformation of the elastic component (7) when subjected to a vertical load.

5. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer center top surface (7011) is slightly convex upward.

6. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-section of the inner center surface (7015) is one of a semicircle, a triangle or a trapezoid.

7. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom supporting surface (7014) is a plane or an inclined surface.

8. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic element further comprises a viscoelastic material (704), and the elastic element is connected by vulcanization through the upper elastic element (701), the lower elastic element (702) and the viscoelastic material (704), and the height of the viscoelastic material (704) is lower than the upper and lower top surfaces of the elastic element.

9. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support plate (703) is provided between the upper elastic element (701) and the lower elastic element (702) to prevent the upper elastic element (701) and the lower elastic element (702) from being deformed excessively.

10. The vertical vibration isolation spherical bearing with low dynamic-static stiffness ratio according to claim 9, characterized in that: The support plate (703) is a flat plate with bosses arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle portion.

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