Cultivation method of red-peel red-pulp hory fruits

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating red-peel red-pulp holy fruits, and relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a seed tree which grows robustly, is free from plant diseases and insect pests and is used for seed collection of excellent female plants, collecting fully mature fruits, placing the picked fruits in a room at normal temperature for after-ripening for one week, and digging peels when pulp becomes soft, so as to obtain a seed tree; collecting pulp containing seeds, putting the pulp into gauze or a sieve, rubbing the pulp with a bamboo basket, then washing the pulp with clear water for several times, collecting the cleaned seeds, putting the seeds on water-absorbing cloth, bulldozing the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade indoors, dissolving the seeds in a paper bag or a cloth bag, and putting the seeds in a dry and cool place; 2, the grafting period is selected from the middle ten days of February to September every year, and in summer, scion grafting is conducted 20 days before germination; step 3, shaping; and step 4, pruning. The cultivated holy fruits have smooth and hair-free surfaces, are shaped like Chinese dates, are round, have red skin and red pulp, most of the seeds are red, small, long-egg-shaped and dark brown, and are high in practicability and high in value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and more particularly to a method for cultivating red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit. Background Art

[0002] The Qinling red-skinned, red-fleshed sacred fruit is a perennial woody climbing or shrub plant that mainly grows in open spaces in the forest, especially on both sides of streams, and near dry and exposed rocks. It has slow and few annual branches that do not entangle, but just creeps to form a large woody shape with a crown width of about 8 cm.

[0003] The plants in the distribution area of ​​most populations of the Qinling red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit plants can be roughly divided into four types. First, plants distributed in humid evergreen broad-leaved forests are complex in type and have significant zonal differences. Second, vegetation types that belong to the deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved concrete mixed forests in the transition zone between warm temperate and subtropical zones. Third, deciduous broad-leaved forest vegetation is widely distributed in temperate, warm temperate, mid-mountain and subalpine areas, and is rich in resources. Fourth, vegetation types dominated by coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests are mostly distributed in the cold temperate semi-humid monsoon zone. Qinling red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit plants are rarely distributed in native plant community types, well-cultivated secondary forests, and artificial coniferous and broad-leaved timber forests, and most of them are more concentrated in the transformed type of forest ditch and mixed wood forests.

[0004] Most of the Qinling red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruits are grown in humid and semi-humid areas with abundant rainfall and a humid environment. They need sufficient water during the germination and new shoot growth period. Flowers can be open longer under humid and sunny conditions, while the petals will wither soon after they are opened in drought and high humidity. If there is insufficient water, there will be a contradiction between nutrition and growth competing for water. The Qinling red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit has poorer resistance to early fall than ordinary fruit trees. The leaf fall rate in the dry early season is 50%-60%, which causes fruit drop in severe cases, further affecting the growth and development of the tree and the physiological differentiation of flower buds. In addition, the sacred fruit is also afraid of falling. If it rains continuously and the orchard has poor drainage, it will cause "wet feet", that is, the root system is flooded. In this way, the soil roots are poorly permeable, affecting breathing and hindering the growth of the above-ground part of the plant. Over time, the root tissue rots and the plant dies. The soil type of the sacred fruit is adapted to sandy land and gravel soil on hillsides. The soil layer is thin and has a high content of gravel. The soil has large voids and is not easy to retain water and fertilizer. The soil temperature changes greatly. Only after transformation, increasing organic content, improving water retention, and taking drainage measures can the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit be planted.

[0005] Qinling red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit is a dioecious plant, with heterotrophic injury and sexual reproduction, which makes the seedlings vary greatly. In the process of system development, the natural environment and factors also make the red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit produce diversity with the changes of the environment from top to bottom. The red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit is very practical and has great practical value. However, there is no report on the cultivation of Qinling red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for cultivating red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit which is highly practical and valuable.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for cultivating red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Sowing and raising seedlings:

[0009] When developing the production of red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit in large quantities, it is necessary to consider producing disease-resistant and cold-resistant trees to meet the needs of some regions. The important basis for the production of red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit is high-quality seedlings. Therefore, when raising seedlings, it is necessary to select strong and healthy female plants without diseases and insect pests for seed collection. Take fully mature fruits, put them at room temperature indoors after picking them, and after a week of ripening, when the flesh becomes soft, peel off the peel, collect the flesh containing seeds and put it in gauze or sieve, rub it with a basket, and then rinse it with clean water several times, collect the washed seeds and flatten them on absorbent cloth, dry them in the shade indoors, put them in paper bags or cloth bags, and place them in a dry and cool place;

[0010] Step 2: Grafting and seedling raising:

[0011] The grafting period is from February to mid-September each year. In summer, grafting is done 20 days before budding.

[0012] Step 3: Plastic surgery:

[0013] After the young trees are grown, select thick branches and vines, insert bamboo shoots, tie the branches and vines to the bamboo poles with ropes, and introduce them into the built trellis to become the trunk. When the seedlings reach 10cm-20cm, cultivate the leading branches, first lead them to one side along the wire, as the first leading branch, and select a full and strong branch from the buds on the opposite side to lead them in the opposite direction as the second leading branch. The method of cultivating leading branches and side branches of the T-type trellis is similar to that of the flat-top trellis, but the side branches of the T-type trellis exceed 0.7cm. When the half trellis continues to extend, it will hang down and reach the ground. At this time, it needs to be cut short 30cm from the ground. It takes three to four years to complete the shaping of this trellis.

[0014] Step 4: Trimming:

[0015] Summer pruning starts from the growth of branches, flowering and fruiting until the vegetative growth slows down, which lasts for four months. Summer pruning should be carried out. Selecting the replacement branches of the fruiting mother vines is an important part of summer pruning. Select the replacement branches with moderate buds and full branches near the fruiting mother vines, and guide them horizontally in the appropriate position. Branches that do not grow fruiting do not need to be short-cut;

[0016] Winter short pruning is mainly to renew the fruiting mother vines, prevent the fruiting part from moving outward, and control the reasonable number of branches and vines. When pruning fruiting branches, two buds can be left upward at the fruiting part to prevent the tip buds from being damaged and unable to germinate, affecting the fruiting. Winter pruning is carried out after the leaves fall, when the vines of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit enter a dormant period.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2, the grafting period is selected from February to March or late August to mid-September.

[0018] Preferably, in step three, the side branches and fruiting mother vines are evenly distributed on the frame surface.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The sacred fruit cultivated by the invention is a typical berry, with a smooth and hairless surface, a shape like a jujube, a round fruit, a red skin and red flesh, and most of the seeds are small and red, long and oval, dark brown, high in practicality and great in value, and can be made into canned wine, prizes, vegetable juice, soda and soft candy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a branch and leaf diagram of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a flower diagram of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a picture of the fruit of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This embodiment discloses a method for cultivating a red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Sowing and raising seedlings:

[0028] When developing the production of red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit in large quantities, it is necessary to consider producing disease-resistant and cold-resistant trees to meet the needs of some regions. The important basis for the production of red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit is high-quality seedlings. Therefore, when raising seedlings, it is necessary to select strong and healthy female plants without diseases and insect pests for seed collection. Take fully mature fruits, put them at room temperature indoors after picking them, and after a week of ripening, when the flesh becomes soft, peel off the peel, collect the flesh containing seeds and put it in gauze or sieve, rub it with a basket, and then rinse it with clean water several times, collect the washed seeds and flatten them on absorbent cloth, dry them in the shade indoors, put them in paper bags or cloth bags, and place them in a dry and cool place;

[0029] Step 2: Grafting and seedling raising:

[0030] The grafting period is from February to mid-September each year. In summer, grafting is done 20 days before budding.

[0031] Step 3: Plastic surgery:

[0032] After the young trees are grown, select thick branches and vines, insert bamboo shoots, tie the branches and vines to the bamboo poles with ropes, and introduce them into the built trellis to become the trunk. When the seedlings reach 10cm-20cm, cultivate the leading branches, first lead them to one side along the wire, as the first leading branch, and select a full and strong branch from the buds on the opposite side to lead them in the opposite direction as the second leading branch. The method of cultivating leading branches and side branches of the T-type trellis is similar to that of the flat-top trellis, but the side branches of the T-type trellis exceed 0.7cm. When the half trellis continues to extend, it will hang down and reach the ground. At this time, it needs to be cut short 30cm from the ground. It takes three to four years to complete the shaping of this trellis.

[0033] Step 4: Trimming:

[0034] Summer pruning starts from the growth of branches, flowering and fruiting until the vegetative growth slows down, which lasts for four months. Summer pruning should be carried out. Selecting the replacement branches of the fruiting mother vines is an important part of summer pruning. Select the replacement branches with moderate buds and full branches near the fruiting mother vines, and guide them horizontally in the appropriate position. Branches that do not grow fruiting do not need to be short-cut;

[0035] Winter short pruning is mainly to renew the fruiting mother vines, prevent the fruiting part from moving outward, and control the reasonable number of branches and vines. When pruning fruiting branches, two buds can be left upward at the fruiting part to prevent the tip buds from being damaged and unable to germinate, affecting the fruiting. Winter pruning is carried out after the leaves fall, when the vines of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit enter a dormant period.

[0036] (I) Morphological characteristics of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit

[0037] 1. Root

[0038] The sacred fruit has a fleshy root with a thick cortex that cracks in the frontal shape and is easy to fall off. The cortex is date red and the taproot is underdeveloped. When the seedling has 2-3 true leaves, the taproot stops growing and develops with the lateral roots.

[0039] 2. Buds

[0040] The winter buds of the sacred fruit are small, with 1-3 buds, hidden in the flesh of the spongy leaf base, semi-exposed, with well-developed branches and vines buried in the soil roots. It is easy to produce adventitious buds and can reproduce new individuals.

[0041] 3. Branches

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the branches of the sacred fruit are developed from embryos and buds. The branches are composed of nodes and internodes, usually with lenticels. The one-year-old buds are green or brown, glabrous or covered with pubescence, with long hard prickles. The perennial branches are dark brown, and the cross section of the stem has many small holes, and the annual rings are difficult to distinguish.

[0043] 4. Leaves

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the leaves of the sacred fruit are single leaves that grow alternately, and are elliptical, rectangular, fan-shaped, etc. They are 5-20cm long and 6-10cm wide. The upper side of the leaves is green, and the lower side is lighter in color.

[0045] 5. Flowers

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the sacred fruit is dioecious or polygamous.

[0047] 6. Fruit

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the sacred fruit is a typical berry with a smooth and hairless surface, a shape similar to a jujube, a round fruit, red skin and red flesh, and most of the seeds are small red, long oval, and dark brown.

[0049] Qinling Red-skinned Red-fleshed Shenxiansheng has a long life span. In the wild, red-skinned and red-fleshed Qinling Shenxiansheng fruit over 100 years old is still lush and strong. Decades of Qinling Red-skinned Red-fleshed Shenxiansheng fruit may also be seen frequently in the published area. Most new branches sprout from perennial branches and leaves, and some branches sprout from older branches (more than two years old). Such new branches do not bloom in the same year. The development of leaves and buds, the buds swell and the leaves unfold in about 20 days. The leaves grow very fast in the first 30 days, and then the area expands to the size of mature leaves. When expanding again, the width is greater than the length, which causes the leaf shape to change. At the first frost, the petiole forms a separation layer and falls off. If the climate is abnormally warm, the leaf fall period will return to the spring of the next year. The annual cycle of root growth and development of the Qinling red-skinned, red-fleshed sacred fruit is more complicated above ground. Around June, when the soil temperature is around 20°C, root growth reaches its peak. As the soil temperature rises, root activity slows down until September, when the root system begins a second rapid growth in the late stage of development. Subsequently, root growth gradually slows down due to the drop in temperature.

[0050] The fruit of Qinling red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit develops more than ten weeks after flowering. The fruit is found quickly, mainly due to cell incision and expansion. Its volume and weight reach two-thirds of the mature size. Twenty weeks after flowering, when the fruit is close to maturity, it is mainly due to the expansion of the endocarp cells, and there is a short-term rapid growth. When the fruit develops to maturity, the starch and powder change significantly, and the starch content in the fruit in the late growth period is 50% of the total dry matter. The red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit can be harvested only after it fully develops to the physiological maturity stage to obtain a longer storage period, and the flavor and aroma can fully exert the excellent food quality. The fruiting habit of Qinling red-skinned red-fleshed sacred fruit is similar to that of kiwifruit. The fruiting branches sprout from the middle and upper parts of the side branches. Good side branches can sprout 8-9 fruiting branches. The fruiting branches continue to grow from the side branches for 3-4 years, and most of the fruits are born in the second to sixth nodes.

[0051] Directions:

[0052] 1. After picking, wash and peel, and eat raw.

[0053] 2. You can also fry it in hot oil in a pan and it can be eaten after two minutes.

[0054] 3. Cut the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit into slices and mix them. Pour the soaked garlic butter on top. It can be used as a decoration and can be eaten.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention disclose preferred embodiments, but are not limited thereto. A person skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention based on the above embodiments and make different extensions and changes. However, as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Sowing and raising seedlings: Select healthy and pest-free female plants for seed collection, and take fully mature fruits. After picking the fruits, place them at room temperature indoors. After a week of ripening, when the flesh becomes soft, peel off the peel, collect the flesh containing seeds and put it in gauze or sieve, rub it with a basket, and then rinse it with clean water several times. Collect the washed seeds and flatten them on absorbent cloth, dry them in the shade indoors, and put them in paper bags or cloth bags, and place them in a dry and cool place. Step 2: Grafting and seedling raising: The grafting period is from February to mid-September each year. In summer, grafting is done 20 days before budding. Step 3: Plastic surgery: After the young trees are grown, select thick branches and vines, insert bamboo shoots, tie the branches and vines to the bamboo poles with ropes, and introduce them into the built trellis to become the trunk. When the seedlings reach 10cm-20cm, cultivate the leading branches, first lead them to one side along the wire, as the first leading branch, and select a full and strong branch from the buds on the opposite side to lead them in the opposite direction as the second leading branch. The method of cultivating leading branches and side branches of the T-type trellis is similar to that of the flat-top trellis, but the side branches of the T-type trellis exceed 0.7cm. When the half trellis continues to extend, it will hang down and reach the ground. At this time, it needs to be cut short 30cm from the ground. It takes three to four years to complete the shaping of this trellis. Step 4: Trimming: Summer pruning starts from the growth of branches, flowering and fruiting until the vegetative growth slows down, which lasts for four months. Summer pruning should be carried out. Selecting the replacement branches of the fruiting mother vines is an important part of summer pruning. Select the replacement branches with moderate buds and full branches near the fruiting mother vines, and guide them horizontally in the appropriate position. Branches that do not grow fruiting do not need to be short-cut; Winter short pruning is mainly to renew the fruiting mother vines, prevent the fruiting part from moving outward, and control the reasonable number of branches and vines. When pruning fruiting branches, two buds can be left upward at the fruiting part to prevent the tip buds from being damaged and unable to germinate, affecting the fruiting. Winter pruning is carried out after the leaves fall, when the vines of the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit enter a dormant period.

2. The method for cultivating the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the grafting period is selected between February and March or between late August and mid-September.

3. The method for cultivating the red-skinned and red-fleshed sacred fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step three, the side branches and fruiting mother vines are evenly distributed on the frame surface.

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