Integrated buoy for ocean monitoring and buoy testing method

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring and a buoy testing method.The buoy comprises a floating body, a solar panel support, a sensor support and a data acquisition communication box are fixedly installed on the top of the floating body, and a plurality of solar panels with the bottoms inclined outwards are installed on the solar panel support; a plurality of sensors are installed on the sensor support, and communication equipment and a data collector are installed in the data collection communication box. According to the invention, the laboratory integration test, the coastal water surface test and the offshore laying test are combined, three times of data comparison and verification are carried out, the consistency and precision of the data can be effectively ensured, and in addition, the environmental simulation equipment is added during the offshore laying test to simulate different environments in the marine environment, so that the test efficiency is improved. The floating property and the stability of the buoy under different extreme conditions are tested, remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technologies are introduced into the buoy in a matched mode, personnel can conveniently and visually know the condition of the buoy in the testing process, and the use requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of buoys, and in particular to an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring and a buoy testing method. Background Art

[0002] The deployment of a buoy at sea is equivalent to a long-term, fixed-point buoy that can withstand various complex marine environments. Therefore, a series of "standard measurements" must be carried out in strict accordance with the "industry standards" to ensure that all types and sub-items are carried out in an orderly manner. The buoy needs to be tested before use. In the existing technology, the testing of buoys is usually carried out by simulation testing during construction and before use. The test is completed by comparing the data monitored by the buoy with the data from the weather station to ensure the consistency and accuracy of all instruments. This testing method is not ideal in terms of comprehensiveness and accuracy. Due to the unpredictable marine environment, offshore buoys may encounter extreme weather or extreme marine conditions. Laboratory and pre-use tests cannot fully simulate the performance of buoys in these extreme environments, and there is a lack of remote monitoring of the buoy during the test, so that personnel cannot intuitively understand the situation of the buoy. Based on the above, this application proposes an integrated buoy and buoy testing method for marine monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an integrated buoy and a buoy testing method for ocean monitoring.

[0004] The present invention proposes an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, including a floating body, a solar panel bracket, a sensor bracket and a data acquisition and communication box fixedly installed on the top of the floating body, a plurality of solar panels with their bottoms tilted outwards are installed on the solar panel bracket, a plurality of sensors are installed on the sensor bracket, a communication device and a data collector are installed in the data acquisition and communication box, and both the communication device and the data collector are electrically connected to the plurality of sensors, a solar navigation light is fixedly installed on the top rear side of the solar panel bracket, a plurality of power supply batteries and an inverter are installed in the floating body, the power supply batteries are electrically connected to the plurality of solar panels, and the inverter is electrically connected to the plurality of power supply batteries, the plurality of sensors, the solar navigation light, the communication device and the data collector.

[0005] The present invention also proposes a testing method for an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Buoy construction phase testing: Installation of the buoy requires the selection of standard steel and welding rods for the solar and sensor brackets. The brackets are sandblasted and derusted to ensure the buoy's corrosion resistance. Multiple battery packs and inverters are installed inside the buoy, and the buoy is sealed and pressurized to verify the buoy's watertightness and pressure tolerance. The buoy is also equipped with electrolytic zinc anode protection and anti-fouling coating to prevent seawater corrosion and the attachment of marine organisms.

[0007] S2: Instrument and sensor integration test: Based on the technical parameters of ocean buoy measurements, select communication equipment, data loggers, sensors, solar panels, and solar navigation lights of long-proven brands. Perform performance tests on the selected equipment to ensure their safety and reliability, and then install them on top of the buoy.

[0008] S3: Laboratory integration test: Install a meteorological platform, measurement sensors, and an independent comparative weather station on the floor. In the buoy laboratory, integrate the meteorological platform, related measurement sensors, independent comparative weather station, and sensors for comparative calibration and debugging to ensure the consistency and accuracy of all instruments.

[0009] S4: Coastal water surface pilot test: The buoy is deployed on the coastal water surface. After the buoy enters the water, the weather station, sensors, data acquisition and transmission systems are monitored and tested in real time. The flash performance of the solar navigation light is tested at night. An independent comparative weather station is added to the buoy to conduct two-way comparative verification with the data collected by the buoy to ensure data consistency and accuracy.

[0010] S5: Offshore deployment test: The buoy is loaded onto a ship or towed to the designated workstation, and a weather station is installed on the buoy ship to monitor the data performance of the weather station and sensors. After the buoy is deployed, the ship drops anchor and uses the weather station and relevant underwater elements for comparison tests to confirm that the buoy monitoring data is consistent with the shipboard weather station data. At the same time, environmental simulation equipment is added near the test area to simulate extreme conditions such as wave impact and strong winds to test the buoy's floating and stability under different extreme conditions;

[0011] S6: Introduce remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technology into the buoy to monitor the buoy's operating status in real time, obtain various sensor data, power supply conditions, data transmission status, etc. of the buoy in real time, and conduct analysis and early warning through the cloud platform.

[0012] Preferably, in S2, the sensors include an anemometer, a thermometer, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, a radiometer, and the like.

[0013] Preferably, in S3, the specific logical steps of performing comparative verification and debugging of the integrated meteorological platform, relevant measurement sensors, independent comparison meteorological stations, and sensors are as follows:

[0014] S301: Software Integration: Using the independent comparative weather station as the benchmark system, establish unified data recording and processing software, set the acquisition frequency, data format, and storage path for each sensor, and connect each sensor to the data recording and processing software through a data transmission protocol to ensure that data from all sensors can be collected in real time into the main control system;

[0015] S302: Comparison and verification: Start the independent comparison weather station and begin collecting environmental data. This data is used as a benchmark reference to verify the accuracy of the data from each sensor on the buoy. Under the same conditions, the meteorological platform and related sensors on the buoy also start synchronously collecting environmental data to ensure that the collection time of each sensor and the independent comparison weather station is synchronized. The data from the buoy sensor and the comparison weather station are imported into the data recording and processing software. The data recording and processing software compares the data of each sensor, especially key parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed. The comparison results are analyzed and the measurement deviation of each sensor is checked. When the deviation is within the allowable range, the sensor is considered to have passed the verification; when the deviation exceeds the range, further debugging is required. The formula used for the measurement deviation is:

[0016]

[0017] Where N is the total number of times data is collected, X 浮标，i is the measurement value of the buoy sensor at time i, X 参考，i is the standard value of the independent comparative meteorological station at time i;

[0018] S303: Debugging: Adjust the internal parameters of the sensor that exceeds the deviation, including the initial value, range, acquisition frequency, sensitivity and calibration coefficient, to correct the error. After debugging, perform a secondary comparison and calibration to ensure that the output data of each sensor is consistent with the reference system.

[0019] Preferably, in said S4, an independent comparative weather station is added to the buoy to perform a two-way comparative measurement and verification with the data collected by the buoy. The specific logical steps are as follows:

[0020] S401: The data collection frequency on the buoy is set to be the same as that of the comparison weather station, ensuring that the two systems collect data at the same time point, and the time of the buoy sensor and the comparison weather station is set to be consistent through the GPS clock;

[0021] S402: The sensors on the buoy and the comparative weather station simultaneously collect environmental data in real time and transmit the data to the remote monitoring center. The data from the buoy and the comparative weather station are pre-processed and formatted to ensure that the data formats of the two are consistent.

[0022] S403: Matching the buoy data and the comparison weather station data at the same time point based on the timestamps to ensure that each set of data collected by the two systems is compared at the same time;

[0023] S404: For each sampling point, calculate the difference between the buoy sensor data and the reference weather station data, analyze the measurement deviation, average deviation and root mean square error. The calculation formula for the average deviation is the same as that in S302 above, and the calculation formula for the root mean square error is: Where RMSE is the root mean square error;

[0024] S405: Perform separate analysis and comparison on each sensor. When the measurement deviation of a sensor exceeds the allowable range, it is marked as abnormal. When the measurement deviation is a stable systematic deviation, the systematic error is eliminated by recalibrating the sensor or correcting the measurement formula. When the deviation is randomly distributed, analyze the external interference factors in the data collection process, and smooth the noise data by increasing the data collection frequency or using data filtering technology. According to the comparison results, adjust the sensitivity, range or calibration parameters of the buoy sensor to ensure that the measured value is close to the data of the comparison station.

[0025] Preferably, in S5, extreme conditions such as wave impact and strong wind are simulated to test the floatation and stability of the buoy under different extreme conditions. The specific logical steps are as follows:

[0026] S501: Deploy wave generators, wind generators, and ocean current generators in the test area. The wave generators are used to simulate calm water conditions, common ocean wave conditions, and extreme ocean wave conditions. The wind generators are used to simulate strong wind conditions with different wind speeds and directions. The ocean current generators are used to simulate different water flow speeds and directions.

[0027] S502: According to the test objectives, the height, frequency, and direction of the waves simulated by the wave generator, the change of the wind speed simulated by the wind generator, and the speed and direction of the water flow simulated by the current generator are set. The wave generator, wind generator, and current generator are activated to simulate the complex environment at sea and observe the floating performance and anti-interference ability of the buoy.

[0028] S503: Under simulated extreme conditions, the buoy's sensor data, including wind speed, air pressure, temperature, humidity, and wave height, is collected in real time. Key parameters such as the buoy's floating posture, tilt angle, and number of flips are also collected. The drift of the buoy under extreme conditions is tracked, and the collected data is transmitted to the monitoring center in real time.

[0029] S504: Analyze the buoy's floating performance under different wave and wind conditions, calculate the buoy's tilt angle, up and down floating amplitude, number of flips, etc., determine the buoy's stability, and check the data transmission quality of the buoy's sensors under extreme conditions, analyzing data loss rate, delay, and the accuracy of sensor readings;

[0030] S505: Based on the test results, analyze the weak points of the buoy and optimize the design of the buoy based on the weak points, including adding ballast and improving the buoyancy structure to improve its stability and floatation.

[0031] Preferably, in said S504, when calculating the tilt angle, up and down floating amplitude, and flipping times of the buoy, the formulas used are as follows:

[0032] The formula for the tilt angle is: where a y is the acceleration component along the y-axis, a z is the acceleration component along the Z axis, Φ is the roll angle;

[0033] where a x is the acceleration component along the x-axis, and θ is the pitch angle;

[0034] where θ total is the total tilt angle;

[0035] The formula for the fluctuation range is: A Z =Z max -Z min , where Z max is the height of the buoy at the highest point of the wave, Z min is the lowest height of the buoy at the trough, Z max and Z min It can be measured by a distance meter;

[0036] The formula for the number of flips is: where N flip is the total number of flips, δ flip,i is the increment when the i-th flip is detected, and each flip count is 1.

[0037] Preferably, the logical steps of S6 are as follows:

[0038] S601: Data monitored by multiple sensors on the buoy is uploaded to the cloud platform. A typical data model of the buoy under normal operation is established based on historical data. The cloud platform compares the data from multiple sensors with the data in the typical data model to identify potential problems. For example, if the variation pattern of battery voltage over a certain period deviates from the actual data, it indicates battery damage.

[0039] S602: Setting a standard threshold. When a potential problem is discovered, an alarm is triggered based on the set threshold, and the alarm information is sent to relevant maintenance personnel via SMS, email, etc.

[0040] S603: The cloud platform provides a data visualization interface to display real-time information such as the buoy’s operating status, sensor data, and power supply status.

[0041] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] The present invention combines laboratory integration testing, coastal surface testing and offshore deployment testing to conduct three data comparison and verification tests, which can effectively ensure the consistency and accuracy of the data. In addition, during the offshore deployment test, environmental simulation equipment is added to simulate different environments under the marine environment to test the buoy's floatation and stability under different extreme conditions. In addition, remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technology are introduced into the buoy to facilitate personnel to intuitively understand the situation of the buoy during the test and meet usage requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring proposed by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of a testing method for an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring proposed by the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1. Floating body; 2. Solar panel bracket; 3. Solar panel; 4. Solar navigation light; 5. Sensor; 6. Sensor bracket; 7. Data acquisition and communication box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0048] Example

[0049] Reference Figure 1-3This embodiment proposes an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, including a floating body 1, a solar panel bracket 2, a sensor bracket 6 and a data acquisition and communication box 7 are fixedly installed on the top of the floating body 1, a plurality of solar panels 3 with their bottoms tilted outward are installed on the solar panel bracket 2, a plurality of sensors 5 are installed on the sensor bracket 6, a communication device and a data collector are installed in the data acquisition and communication box 7, and the communication device and the data collector are both electrically connected to the plurality of sensors 5, a solar navigation light 4 is fixedly installed on the top rear side of the solar panel bracket 2, a plurality of power supply batteries and an inverter are installed in the floating body 1, the power supply batteries are electrically connected to the plurality of solar panels 3, and the inverter is electrically connected to the plurality of power supply batteries, the plurality of sensors 5, the solar navigation light 4, the communication device and the data collector.

[0050] This embodiment also proposes a testing method for an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1: Buoy Construction Phase Testing: Installation of the buoy requires the selection of standard steel and welding rods for the solar bracket 2 and sensor bracket 6. The brackets are sandblasted and derusted to ensure the buoy's corrosion resistance. Multiple power supply batteries and inverters are installed inside the floating body 1. The floating body 1 is then sealed and pressurized to verify the buoy's watertightness and pressure tolerance. Electrolytic zinc anode protection and anti-fouling coating are also installed on the floating body 1 to prevent seawater corrosion and the attachment of marine organisms.

[0052] S2: Instrument and sensor integration test: Based on the technical parameters of ocean buoy measurements, select communication equipment, data loggers, sensors 5, solar panels 3, and solar navigation lights 4 of long-proven brands. Perform performance tests on the selected equipment and instruments to ensure their safety and reliability. The selected equipment and instruments are then installed on top of the floating body 1. Sensors 5 include an anemometer, thermometer, humidity sensor, air pressure sensor, and radiometer.

[0053] S3: Laboratory integration test: Install the meteorological platform, measurement sensors and independent comparative weather station on the floor. In the buoy laboratory, integrate the meteorological platform, relevant measurement sensors, independent comparative weather station and sensor 5 for comparative calibration and debugging to ensure the consistency and accuracy of all instruments.

[0054] The specific logical steps are as follows:

[0055] S301: Software Integration: Using the independent comparative weather station as the benchmark system, establish unified data recording and processing software, set the acquisition frequency, data format, and storage path for each sensor 5, and connect each sensor 5 to the data recording and processing software through a data transmission protocol to ensure that data from all sensors can be collected in real time into the main control system;

[0056] S302: Comparison and verification: Start the independent comparison weather station and start collecting environmental data. These data are used as a benchmark reference to verify the accuracy of the data of each sensor 5 on the buoy. Under the same conditions, the meteorological platform and related sensors 5 on the buoy also start to synchronously collect environmental data to ensure that the collection time of each sensor 5 and the independent comparison weather station are synchronized. The data of the buoy sensor 5 and the comparison weather station are imported into the data recording and processing software. The data recording and processing software compares the data of each sensor, especially the key parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, etc., analyzes the comparison results, and checks the measurement deviation of each sensor 5. When the deviation is within the allowable range, it is considered that the sensor 5 has passed the verification; when the deviation exceeds the range, further debugging is required. The formula used for its measurement deviation is:

[0057]

[0058] Where N is the total number of times data is collected, X 浮标，i is the measurement value of the buoy sensor at time i, X 参考，i is the standard value of the independent comparative meteorological station at time i;

[0059] S303: Debugging: Adjust the internal parameters of the sensor 5 that exceeds the deviation, including the initial value, range, acquisition frequency, sensitivity, and calibration coefficient, to correct the error. After debugging, perform a secondary comparison check to ensure that the output data of each sensor 5 is consistent with the reference system;

[0060] S4: Coastal water surface pilot test: The buoy is deployed on the coastal water surface. After the buoy enters the water, the weather station, sensors, data acquisition and transmission system are monitored and tested in real time. The daytime flash performance of the solar beacon light 4 is tested. An independent comparative weather station is added to the buoy to conduct two-way comparative verification with the data collected by the buoy to ensure data consistency and accuracy.

[0061] The specific logical steps are as follows:

[0062] S401: Setting the data collection frequency on the buoy to the same as that of the comparison weather station to ensure that the two systems collect data at the same time, and setting the time of the buoy sensor 5 and the comparison weather station to be consistent through the GPS clock;

[0063] S402: The sensor 5 on the buoy and the comparative weather station simultaneously collect environmental data in real time and transmit the data to the remote monitoring center. The data from the buoy and the comparative weather station are pre-processed and formatted to ensure that the data formats of the two are consistent.

[0064] S403: Matching the buoy data and the comparison weather station data at the same time point based on the timestamps to ensure that each set of data collected by the two systems is compared at the same time;

[0065] S404: For each sampling point, calculate the difference between the data of the buoy sensor 5 and the data of the comparison weather station, analyze the measurement deviation, average deviation and root mean square error. The calculation formula of the average deviation is the same as that in S302 above, and the calculation formula of the root mean square error is: Where RMSE is the root mean square error;

[0066] S405: Perform a separate analysis and comparison test on each sensor 5. When the measurement deviation of a sensor 5 exceeds the allowable range, it is marked as abnormal. When the measurement deviation is a stable systematic deviation, the systematic error is eliminated by recalibrating the sensor 5 or correcting the measurement formula. When the deviation is randomly distributed, analyze the external interference factors in the data collection process and smooth the noise data by increasing the data collection frequency or using data filtering technology. Based on the comparison test results, adjust the sensitivity, range or calibration parameters of the buoy sensor to ensure that the measured value is close to the data of the comparison station.

[0067] S5: Offshore deployment test: The buoy is loaded onto a ship or towed to the designated workstation, and a weather station is installed on the buoy ship to monitor the data from the weather station and sensor 5. After the buoy is deployed, the ship drops anchor and uses the weather station and relevant underwater elements for comparison tests to confirm that the buoy monitoring data is consistent with the shipboard weather station data. At the same time, environmental simulation equipment is added near the test area to simulate extreme conditions such as wave impact and strong winds to test the buoy's floatation and stability under different extreme conditions.

[0068] The specific logical steps are as follows:

[0069] S501: Deploy wave generators, wind generators, and ocean current generators in the test area. The wave generators are used to simulate calm water conditions, common ocean wave conditions, and extreme ocean wave conditions. The wind generators are used to simulate strong wind conditions with different wind speeds and directions. The ocean current generators are used to simulate different water flow speeds and directions.

[0070] S502: According to the test objectives, the height, frequency, and direction of the waves simulated by the wave generator, the change of the wind speed simulated by the wind generator, and the speed and direction of the water flow simulated by the current generator are set. The wave generator, wind generator, and current generator are activated to simulate the complex environment at sea and observe the floating performance and anti-interference ability of the buoy.

[0071] S503: Under simulated extreme conditions, real-time data from the buoy's sensors are collected, including wind speed, air pressure, temperature, humidity, and wave height. Key parameters such as the buoy's floating posture, tilt angle, and number of flips are also collected. The drift of the buoy under extreme conditions is tracked, and the collected data is transmitted to the monitoring center in real time.

[0072] S504: Analyze the buoy's floating performance under different wave and wind conditions, calculate the buoy's tilt angle, up and down floating amplitude, number of flips, etc., determine the buoy's stability, and check the data transmission quality of the buoy's sensors under extreme conditions, analyzing data loss rate, delay, and the accuracy of sensor readings;

[0073] In addition, the formulas used to calculate the buoy's tilt angle, up and down floating amplitude, and flipping times are as follows:

[0074] The formula for the tilt angle is: where a y is the acceleration component along the y-axis, a z is the acceleration component along the Z axis, Φ is the roll angle;

[0075] where a x is the acceleration component along the x-axis, and θ is the pitch angle;

[0076] where θ total is the total tilt angle;

[0077] The formula for the fluctuation range is: A Z =Z max -Z min , where Z max is the height of the buoy at the highest point of the wave, Z min is the lowest height of the buoy at the trough, Z max and Z min It can be measured by a distance meter;

[0078] The formula for the number of flips is: where N flip is the total number of flips, δ flip,i is the increment when the i-th flip is detected, and each flip count is 1;

[0079] S505: Based on the test results, analyze the weak points of the buoy and optimize the design of the buoy based on the weak points, including adding ballast and improving the buoyancy structure to improve its stability and floatability;

[0080] S6: Introducing remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technology into the buoy to monitor the buoy's operating status in real time, obtain various sensor data, power supply conditions, data transmission status, etc. of the buoy in real time, and conduct analysis and early warning through the cloud platform;

[0081] The logical steps are as follows:

[0082] S601: Data monitored by multiple sensors on the buoy are uploaded to the cloud platform. A typical data model of the buoy under normal operation is established based on historical data. The cloud platform compares the data from multiple sensors 5 with the data in the typical data model to identify potential problems. For example, if the variation pattern of battery voltage over a certain period of time deviates from the actual data, it indicates battery damage.

[0083] S602: Setting a standard threshold. When a potential problem is discovered, an alarm is triggered based on the set threshold, and the alarm information is sent to relevant maintenance personnel via SMS, email, etc.

[0084] S603: The cloud platform provides a data visualization interface to display real-time information such as the buoy's operating status, sensor data, and power supply status;

[0085] This embodiment combines laboratory integration testing, coastal surface testing, and offshore deployment testing to conduct three data comparison and verification tests, which can effectively ensure the consistency and accuracy of the data. In addition, during the offshore deployment test, environmental simulation equipment is added to simulate different environments under the marine environment to test the buoy's floatation and stability under different extreme conditions. In addition, remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technology are introduced into the buoy to facilitate personnel to intuitively understand the condition of the buoy during the test and meet usage requirements.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, characterized in that: The invention comprises a floating body (1), wherein a solar panel bracket (2), a sensor bracket (6) and a data acquisition communication box (7) are fixedly installed on the top of the floating body (1), a plurality of solar panels (3) with their bottoms tilted outward are installed on the solar panel bracket (2), a plurality of sensors (5) are installed on the sensor bracket (6), a communication device and a data collector are installed in the data acquisition communication box (7), and both the communication device and the data collector are electrically connected to the plurality of sensors (5), a solar navigation light (4) is fixedly installed on the top rear side of the solar panel bracket (2), a plurality of power supply batteries and an inverter are installed in the floating body (1), the power supply batteries are electrically connected to the plurality of solar panels (3), and the inverter is electrically connected to the plurality of power supply batteries, the plurality of sensors (5), the solar navigation light (4), the communication device and the data collector.

2. A testing method for an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Buoy construction phase test: Installation Buoy construction requires the selection of standard steel and welding rods as the solar bracket (2) and sensor bracket (6), and the bracket is sandblasted to remove rust to ensure the anti-corrosion performance of the buoy. Multiple sets of power supply batteries and inverters are installed inside the buoy (1), and the buoy (1) is sealed and waterproofed and pressurized to verify the water tightness and pressure tolerance of the buoy. At the same time, the buoy (1) is equipped with electrolytic zinc anode protection and anti-biological adhesion coating to prevent seawater corrosion and marine biological adhesion; S2: Instrument sensor integration test: According to the technical parameters of the ocean buoy measurement, select communication equipment, data collectors, sensors (5), solar panels (3) and solar navigation lights (4) of a long-term verified brand, and perform performance tests on the selected equipment and instruments to ensure their safety and reliability, and install the selected equipment and instruments on the top of the floating body (1); S3: Laboratory integration test: Install the meteorological platform, measurement sensors and independent comparative meteorological station on the floor. In the buoy laboratory, integrate the meteorological platform, related measurement sensors, independent comparative meteorological station and sensors (5) for comparative calibration and debugging to ensure the consistency and accuracy of all instruments; S4: Pilot test on coastal water surface: The buoy is placed on the coastal water surface. After the buoy enters the water, the meteorological station, sensor, data acquisition and transmission system are monitored and tested in real time. The daytime flash performance of the solar navigation light (4) is tested. An independent comparative meteorological station is added to the buoy to perform two-way comparative verification with the data collected by the buoy to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the data. S5: Offshore deployment test: The buoy is loaded onto a ship or towed to a predetermined workstation, and a weather station is installed on the buoy ship to monitor the data performance of the weather station and the sensor (5). After the buoy is deployed, the ship drops anchor and uses the weather station and relevant underwater elements for comparative testing to confirm that the buoy monitoring data is consistent with the weather station data on board. At the same time, environmental simulation equipment is added near the test area to simulate extreme conditions such as wave impact and strong wind to test the buoy's floating and stability under different extreme conditions; S6: Introduce remote monitoring and self-diagnosis technology into the buoy to monitor the operating status of the buoy in real time, obtain various sensor data, power supply conditions, data transmission status, etc. of the buoy in real time, and analyze and warn through the cloud platform.

3. A method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the sensor (5) includes an anemometer, a thermometer, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor and a radiometer.

4. A method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S3, the specific logical steps of integrating the meteorological platform, relevant measurement sensors, independent comparison meteorological stations and sensors (5) for comparison verification and debugging are as follows: S301: Software integration: Using the independent comparative meteorological station as a reference system, establishing a unified data recording and processing software, setting the acquisition frequency, data format and storage path of each sensor (5), connecting each sensor (5) with the data recording and processing software through a data transmission protocol, and ensuring that the data of all sensors (5) can be collected in real time to the main control system; S302: Comparison and verification: start the independent comparison meteorological station and start collecting environmental data. These data are used as a reference to verify the accuracy of the data of each sensor (5) on the buoy. Under the same conditions, the meteorological platform and related sensors (5) on the buoy also start to synchronously collect environmental data to ensure that the collection time of each sensor (5) and the independent comparison meteorological station is synchronized. The data of the buoy sensor (5) and the comparison meteorological station are imported into the data recording and processing software. The data of each sensor is compared, especially the key parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, etc., and the comparison results are analyzed. The measurement deviation of each sensor (5) is checked. When the deviation is within the allowable range, it is considered that the sensor (5) has passed the verification; when the deviation exceeds the range, further debugging is required. The formula used for the measurement deviation is: Where N is the total number of times data is collected, X 浮标，i is the measurement value of the buoy sensor at time i, X 参考，i is the standard value of the independent comparative meteorological station at time i; S303: Debugging: Adjust the internal parameters of the sensor that exceeds the deviation, including the initial value, range, acquisition frequency, sensitivity and calibration coefficient, to correct the error. After debugging, perform a secondary comparison and verification to ensure that the output data of each sensor is consistent with the reference system.

5. A method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4, an independent comparison meteorological station is added to the buoy to perform two-way comparison verification with the data collected by the buoy. The specific logical steps are as follows: S401: setting the data collection frequency on the buoy and the data collection frequency of the comparison meteorological station to be the same, ensuring that the two systems collect data at the same time point, and setting the time of the buoy sensor (5) and the comparison meteorological station to be consistent through the GPS clock; S402: The sensor (5) on the buoy and the comparative meteorological station simultaneously collect environmental data in real time, and transmit the data to the remote monitoring center, and pre-process and format the data of the buoy and the comparative meteorological station to ensure that the data formats of the two are consistent; S403: According to the timestamp, the buoy data and the comparison weather station data are matched at the same time point to ensure that each set of data collected by the two systems is compared at the same time; S404: For each sampling point, the difference between the buoy sensor (5) data and the comparative meteorological station data is calculated, and the measurement deviation, average deviation and root mean square error are analyzed. The calculation formula of the average deviation is the same as that in S302 above, and the calculation formula of the root mean square error is: Where RMSE is the root mean square error; S405: Perform separate analysis and comparison on each sensor (5). When the measurement deviation of a certain sensor (5) exceeds the allowable range, it is marked as abnormal. When the measurement deviation is a stable systematic deviation, the systematic error is eliminated by recalibrating the sensor or correcting the measurement formula. When the deviation is randomly distributed, analyze the external interference factors in the data collection process, and smooth the noise data by increasing the data collection frequency or using data filtering technology. According to the comparison result, adjust the sensitivity, range or calibration parameters of the buoy sensor (5) to ensure that the measured value is close to the data of the comparison station.

6. A method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S5, extreme conditions such as wave impact and strong wind are simulated to test the floatation and stability of the buoy under different extreme conditions. The specific logical steps are as follows: S501: Deploy wave generators, wind generators and current generators in the test area. The wave generators are used to simulate still water conditions, common sea wave conditions and extreme wave conditions. The wind generators are used to simulate strong wind conditions with different wind speeds and directions. The current generators are used to simulate different water flow speeds and directions. S502: according to the test objectives, the height, frequency and direction of the waves simulated by the wave generator, the change of the wind speed simulated by the wind generator, and the speed and direction of the water flow simulated by the current generator are set, the wave generator, the wind generator and the current generator are activated, the real complex environment at sea is simulated, and the floating performance and anti-interference ability of the buoy are observed; S503: Under simulated extreme conditions, real-time data from the sensor (5) of the buoy is collected, including wind speed, air pressure, temperature, humidity, wave height, etc., and key parameters such as floating posture, tilt angle, and number of flips are collected to track the drift of the buoy under extreme conditions, and the collected data is transmitted to the monitoring center in real time; S504: Analyze the floating performance of the buoy under different wave and wind conditions, calculate the inclination angle, up and down floating amplitude, flipping times, etc. of the buoy, judge the stability of the buoy, and check the data transmission quality of the buoy sensor under extreme conditions, analyze the data loss rate, delay and accuracy of sensor readings; S505: Based on the test results, analyze the weak points of the buoy and optimize the design of the buoy according to the weak points, including adding ballast and improving the buoyancy structure to improve its stability and floatation.

7. A method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S504, the formulas used to calculate the inclination angle, up and down floating amplitude, and flipping times of the buoy are as follows: The formula for the tilt angle is: where a y is the acceleration component along the y-axis, a z is the acceleration component along the Z axis, Φ is the roll angle; where a x is the acceleration component along the x-axis, and θ is the pitch angle; where θ total is the total tilt angle; The formula for the fluctuation range is: A Z =Z max -Z min , where Z max is the height of the buoy at the highest point of the wave, Z min is the lowest height of the buoy at the trough, Z max and Z min It can be measured by a distance meter; The formula for the number of flips is: Where N flip is the total number of flips, δ flip,i is the increment when the i-th flip is detected, and each flip count is 1.

8. The method for testing an integrated buoy for ocean monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The logical steps of S6 are as follows: S601: uploading data monitored by multiple sensors on the buoy to the cloud platform, establishing a typical data model of the buoy under normal operation through historical data, and comparing the data of multiple sensors (5) with the data in the typical data model to find potential problems; S602: Setting a standard threshold value. When a potential problem is found, triggering an alarm based on the set threshold value, and sending the alarm information to relevant maintenance personnel via SMS, email, etc.; S603: The cloud platform provides a data visualization interface to display real-time information such as the buoy’s operating status, sensor data, and power supply status.

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