Offshore topographic measurement method and device

Abstract

The invention provides an offshore topographic measurement method and device, and relates to the field of marine surveying and mapping. The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting, analyzing and processing offshore topographic survey data, and performing on-site reconnaissance; s2, project preparation: instrument verification, operator training and production material purchasing; s3, topographic data measurement: site line layout and data measurement; the station line layout comprises water level station layout, measuring line layout and route layout; the route layout is to plan and design a navigation route; and S32, the data measurement comprises water level station data measurement, measuring line data measurement and route data measurement. S4, topographic data quality inspection; and S5, performing interior mapping DEM, DBM and DLG. The device is a measuring device for measuring line data in an offshore topographic measurement method. According to the invention, topographic data measurement is carried out for different terrains, comprehensive preparation and inspection work are included, and the safety and efficiency of measurement are effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of marine surveying and mapping, and in particular relates to a method and a device for measuring offshore topography. Background Art

[0002] Offshore topographic surveying is an engineering surveying technology specifically used to measure underwater landforms and the location of objects. It can support engineering surveying needs such as engineering construction, resource development and utilization, and environmental protection considerations.

[0003] For example, Chinese patent CN118816995A (publication date: October 22, 2024) discloses a coastal dune migration monitoring and early warning method, which uses UAV LiDAR technology to monitor coastal dunes to obtain high-precision and high-resolution terrain data. Compared with traditional ground measurement methods, UAV LiDAR technology has significantly improved efficiency and accuracy, greatly improving the quality and efficiency of coastal dune monitoring.

[0004] Chinese patent CN118640939A (publication date: September 13, 2024) discloses a method and system for correcting target trajectory in marine geographic surveying and mapping, which relates to the technical field of marine geographic surveying and mapping, and improves the precision and accuracy of target trajectory correction data in marine geographic surveying and mapping.

[0005] Existing technologies are mainly aimed at monitoring a specific marine terrain, but how to use simpler methods and measure offshore terrain including multiple terrains still needs further research. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to realize multi-terrain offshore topography measurement, on the one hand, the present invention provides an offshore topography measurement method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Offshore topographic survey data collection, analysis and processing, and field investigation;

[0008] S2. Project preparation: instrument calibration, operator training, and production material procurement;

[0009] S3. Topographic data measurement: site line layout and data measurement;

[0010] S4, terrain data quality check;

[0011] S5. In-house mapping of DEM, DBM and DLG.

[0012] Furthermore, the step S1 includes the following steps:

[0013] S11. Collection of offshore topographic survey data: Collect existing offshore topographic maps, water depth measurement data, and historical surveying records; obtain relevant marine environmental data; and collect data in other related fields;

[0014] S12. Data analysis and processing: Check the quality of the collected data and remove erroneous or inconsistent data; integrate, analyze and visualize the data; analyze the changing trend of offshore topography by comparing data from different time periods and sources;

[0015] S13. Field survey: Understand the natural conditions, cultural environment, and traffic conditions of the survey area; determine the measurement scope, measurement focus and difficulties; assess potential measurement risks and security threats; and select appropriate measurement equipment and methods.

[0016] Furthermore, the instrument calibration in step S2 includes powering on and debugging the shipborne depth sounding system after installation to check whether each instrument is working normally and stably. If there are factors that affect the normal operation of the system, the interference source should be eliminated or the installation position should be adjusted until the system is normal.

[0017] Furthermore, the step S3 includes the following steps:

[0018] S31. Site and line layout includes water level station layout, survey line layout, and flight line layout;

[0019] The water level stations are arranged reasonably according to geographical conditions and hydrological requirements to ensure a wide coverage area;

[0020] The survey line layout is to determine the density and direction of the survey line according to the survey purpose, taking into account the depth, bottom quality and tidal factors of the water area;

[0021] Said route layout is planning and designing the sailing route;

[0022] S32. The data measurement includes water level station data measurement, survey line data measurement, and route data measurement.

[0023] Furthermore, the water level station data measurement in step S32 includes leveling continuous measurement and water level observation.

[0024] Furthermore, the line data measurement in step S32 includes:

[0025] S321, parameter setting: correctly set the sound velocity parameters and static draft parameters of the depth sounder according to the sound velocity data and static draft measured on site;

[0026] S322. Dynamic draft depth measurement: The measurement is conducted to measure the sinking amount of the ship at normal sailing speed. The measurement is conducted using the RTK positioning method and the data of the complete measurement process is recorded.

[0027] Furthermore, the static draft parameter in step S321 is the static water depth from the water surface to the bottom of the transducer, which is accurately measured before measuring the line data, and should also be measured and recorded in time when the instrument is replaced during the measurement process.

[0028] Furthermore, the route data measurement in step S32 adopts LiDAR shoal topography measurement.

[0029] Furthermore, the measuring device used for measuring the survey line data in step S32 includes: a supplementary positioning module, a water depth measurement module, a sound velocity measurement module, a communication module, an offshore operation carrier module, a guarantee module, a data processing module, a power generation module, and a verification module;

[0030] The supplementary positioning module, the sound velocity measurement module, the communication module, the data processing module, the power generation module, and the verification module are arranged inside the chassis above the offshore operation carrier module; the security module is suspended outside the chassis above the offshore operation carrier module;

[0031] The water depth measurement module is vertically arranged inside the hull of the offshore operation carrier module, and the lower part of the water depth measurement module is located below the sea surface, and is used to measure the water depth;

[0032] The supplementary positioning module is used for supplementary positioning during measurement; the sound speed measurement module is used to observe or record the sound speed of water; the communication module is used for offshore communication; the offshore operation carrier module is used for offshore operations; the guarantee module is used to ensure measurement safety; the data processing module is used for data processing; the power generation module is used for power supply during offshore operations; the verification module is used for depth measurement data verification.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and effects of the technical solution of this application are as follows:

[0034] 1. The present invention provides a method for measuring offshore topography. The data measurement includes water level station data measurement, survey line data measurement, and route data measurement. The measurement results are more comprehensive and accurate. Different measurement methods are selected for different terrains to obtain more complete and detailed surveying and mapping results. The invention also includes a complete preparation and verification mechanism, which can realize the surveying and mapping of sea areas with complex terrain.

[0035] 2. The offshore topographic measurement method provided by the present invention can be implemented using basic tools for line data measurement devices, including supplementary positioning, water depth measurement, verification modules, etc., which ensure the accuracy and security of data acquisition during the measurement process in all aspects and throughout the entire process.

[0036] The above is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application so that it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows.

[0037] Based on the detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present application in combination with the accompanying drawings below, those skilled in the art will become more aware of the above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, each element or part is not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0039] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for offshore topography measurement according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a survey line data measuring device used in an offshore topographic survey method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure numerals: 1. Supplementary positioning module; 2. Water depth measurement module; 3. Sound speed measurement module; 4. Communication module; 5. Offshore operation carrier module; 6. Support module; 7. Data processing module; 8. Power generation module; 9. Verification module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help fully understand the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, the description of known functions and structures is omitted in the embodiment. It should be understood that "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics related to the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing in various places throughout the specification may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, these specific features, structures or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0043] In addition, the present application may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity, and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0044] The term "and / or" in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time. The term " / and" in this article describes another type of association relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be two relationships. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] It should also be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for measuring offshore topography, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1. Offshore topographic survey data collection, analysis and processing, and field investigation;

[0049] S2. Project preparation: instrument calibration, operator training, and production material procurement;

[0050] S3. Topographic data measurement: site line layout and data measurement;

[0051] S31. Site and line layout includes water level station layout, survey line layout, and flight line layout;

[0052] S32, the data measurement includes water level station data measurement, survey line data measurement, and route data measurement;

[0053] The instruments used to measure water level station data include level, water gauge or pressure-type self-recording tide gauge;

[0054] The level is used for measuring the height of the tide gauge station; the water gauge or pressure-type self-recording tide gauge is used for observing or recording the tide level;

[0055] The device for measuring the survey line data in step S32 includes: a supplementary positioning module 1, a water depth measurement module 2, a sound velocity measurement module 3, a communication module 4, an offshore operation carrier module 5, a guarantee module 6, a data processing module 7, a power generation module 8, and a verification module 9;

[0056] The supplementary positioning module 1, the sound velocity measurement module 3, the communication module 4, the data processing module 7, the power generation module 8, and the verification module 9 are arranged inside the chassis above the offshore operation carrier module 5; the security module 6 is suspended outside the chassis above the offshore operation carrier module 5;

[0057] The water depth measurement module 2 is vertically arranged inside the hull of the offshore operation carrier module 5, and the lower part of the water depth measurement module 2 is located below the sea surface and is used to measure the water depth;

[0058] The supplementary positioning module 1 is used for supplementary positioning during measurement; the sound speed measurement module 3 is used to observe or record the sound speed of water; the communication module 4 is used for marine communication; the offshore operation carrier module 5 is used for offshore operations; the guarantee module 6 is used to ensure measurement safety; the data processing module 7 is used for data processing; the power generation module 8 is used for power supply during offshore operations; the verification module 9 is used for depth measurement data verification.

[0059] The instruments used for line data measurement include beacon, depth sounder system, sound velocity profiler, unmanned vessel depth sounding system, maritime satellite phone, survey ship, other safety equipment, computer, generator, comparison board;

[0060] The beacon, sound velocity profiler, maritime satellite phone, survey ship, computer, generator, and comparison board are arranged inside the upper chassis of the unmanned ship depth sounding system; the other safety equipment is suspended outside the upper chassis of the unmanned ship depth sounding system;

[0061] The depth sounder system is vertically arranged inside the hull of the unmanned ship depth sounding system, and the lower part of the depth sounder system is located below the sea surface, and is used to measure the water depth;

[0062] The beacon is used for supplementary positioning during measurement; the depth sounder system is used to measure water depth; the sound velocity profiler is used to observe or record the sound velocity of water; the unmanned ship depth sounding system is used to obtain underwater terrain in difficult areas; the maritime satellite phone is used for maritime communications; the survey ship is used for offshore operations; the other safety equipment includes life jackets and non-slip shoes; the computer is used for data processing; the generator is used for power supply during offshore operations; the comparison board is used for depth sounding data verification;

[0063] The instruments used for route data measurement include UAV LiDAR, which is used to obtain nearshore tidal flat topography;

[0064] S4, terrain data quality check;

[0065] S5. In-house mapping of DEM, DBM and DLG.

[0066] Technical effect of this embodiment: The data measurement equipment used in this embodiment is a combination of commonly used equipment, which comprehensively and effectively guarantees the safety and efficiency of measurement for different terrains.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment is based on a method for measuring offshore topography in Embodiment 1, and provides methods and facilities for implementing steps S1, 2, and 3.

[0069] The step S1 comprises the following steps:

[0070] S11. Collection of offshore topographic survey data: Collect existing offshore topographic maps, water depth measurement data, and historical surveying records; obtain relevant marine environmental data; and collect data in other related fields;

[0071] S12. Data analysis and processing: Check the quality of the collected data and remove erroneous or inconsistent data; integrate, analyze and visualize the data; analyze the changing trend of offshore topography by comparing data from different time periods and sources;

[0072] S13. Field survey: Understand the natural conditions, cultural environment, and traffic conditions of the survey area; determine the measurement scope, measurement focus and difficulties; assess potential measurement risks and security threats; and select appropriate measurement equipment and methods.

[0073] The instrument calibration in step S2 includes powering on and debugging the shipborne depth sounding system after installation, and checking whether each instrument is working normally and stably. If there are factors that affect the normal operation of the system, the interference source should be eliminated or the installation position should be adjusted until the system is normal.

[0074] The step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0075] S31. Site and line layout includes water level station layout, survey line layout, and flight line layout;

[0076] The water level stations are arranged reasonably according to geographical conditions and hydrological requirements to ensure a wide coverage area;

[0077] The density and direction of the survey line layout can be determined according to the measurement purpose. For channel measurement, the survey line should be laid out along the channel direction; for large-area water measurement, a grid layout can be adopted. Considering the depth, bottom quality, and tidal factors of the water area, the spacing between survey lines can be appropriately increased in deep water areas; in shallow water areas or areas with complex bottom quality, the spacing between survey lines should be appropriately reduced. When using a multi-beam echo sounder, the survey line should be kept as straight as possible; when using a side-scan sonar, the survey line can be flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0078] The route layout is to plan and design the navigation route; clarify the purpose and requirements of filming or navigation, and adjust the performance of flight or navigation equipment: including the maximum flight altitude or speed, endurance, stability, etc. of the aircraft or ship, which will affect the design of the route.

[0079] S32, the data measurement includes water level station data measurement, survey line data measurement, and route data measurement

[0080] The water level station data measurement in step S32 includes continuous leveling and water level observation; the continuous leveling includes measuring the elevation of the water gauge zero point relative to the national standard base surface, thereby fixing the relationship between the water level zero point, the mean sea level and the depth reference surface; the water level observation includes on-site measurement of the water levels of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies.

[0081] Observation equipment includes water gauge and water level gauge.

[0082] The line data measurement in step S32 includes:

[0083] S321, parameter setting: correctly set the sound velocity parameters and static draft parameters of the depth sounder according to the sound velocity data and static draft measured on site;

[0084] S322. Dynamic draft depth measurement: The measurement vessel's hull sinking amount at normal sailing speed is measured using RTK positioning method. The measurement vessel is provided with a depth sounder, and a transducer is provided below the depth sounder to record data of the complete measurement process.

[0085] The static draft parameter in step S321 is the static water depth from the water surface to the bottom of the transducer, which is accurately measured before measuring the line data. It should also be measured and recorded in time when the instrument is replaced during the measurement process.

[0086] The route data measurement in step S32 adopts LiDAR shoal topography measurement.

[0087] The time and frequency of water level observations must adapt to the water level changes within a day and meet the requirements of hydrological forecasts and hydrological information.

[0088] Technical effect of this embodiment: This embodiment takes into account the sound velocity parameter and static draft parameter setting of the depth sounder in the measurement of survey line data, and solves the influence of sound velocity and static draft when measuring by the survey ship.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] This embodiment relates to a method for measuring offshore topography in Embodiments 1 and 2, and provides an implementation method and facilities for steps S4 and 5.

[0091] The quality check of the terrain data in step S4 includes a mathematical accuracy check, a topological information check, a drawing information check, an attribute information check, a finishing quality check, and a systematic error check;

[0092] Mathematical accuracy check includes the accuracy of data collection points and map edge connection accuracy. Check whether the plane positions of geodetic control points, map outline points and coordinate grid intersections are consistent with the corresponding actual values ​​or theoretical values.

[0093] Topological information checking includes checking whether the spatial relationship between objects is correct.

[0094] The inspection of drawing information includes whether the representation of features is correct, whether the representation of the relationships between features is coordinated and consistent, whether the use of annotations complies with the drawing specifications, and whether the representation of feature symbols meets the requirements.

[0095] Attribute information checking includes the integrity, correctness and consistency of attribute data.

[0096] The finishing quality inspection includes whether the outline finishing is correct and whether the drawing description is clear, beautiful and unambiguous.

[0097] Systematic error checks include systematic biases or errors.

[0098] If the terrain data quality check fails, step S3 needs to be repeated to supplement the erroneous data.

[0099] The DEM, DBM and DLG drawings produced in the office in step S5 are subject to final inspection, and the data results obtained after passing the final inspection include project documents, DEM, DBM and DLG drawings.

[0100] The project documents include technical design documents, project technical reports, inspection reports, and test reports;

[0101] The DEM mapping includes 1:10000 DEM mapping, 1:2000 DEM mapping and metadata;

[0102] The DBM map includes a 1:10000 DBM map and metadata;

[0103] The DLG map includes an underwater geographic information database, DLG segmentation data, a DLG combination table and metadata.

[0104] Technical effect of this embodiment: The offshore topographic survey method provided by this embodiment has a more detailed process, and the surveying and mapping data must undergo topographic data inspection and final inspection before the final successful file can be obtained.

[0105] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and varied in various ways. Within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any change, modification, replacement, integration and parameter change of these embodiments by conventional substitution or capable of achieving the same function without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring offshore topography, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Offshore topographic survey data collection, analysis and processing, and field investigation; S2. Project preparation: instrument calibration, operator training, and production material procurement; S3. Topographic data measurement: site line layout and data measurement; S4, terrain data quality check; S5. In-house mapping of DEM, DBM and DLG.

2. A method for measuring offshore topography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises the following steps: S11. Collection of offshore topographic survey data: Collect existing offshore topographic maps, water depth measurement data, and historical surveying records; obtain relevant marine environmental data; and collect data in other related fields; S12. Data analysis and processing: Check the quality of the collected data and remove erroneous or inconsistent data; integrate, analyze and visualize the data; analyze the changing trend of offshore topography by comparing data from different time periods and sources; S13. Field survey: Understand the natural conditions, cultural environment, and traffic conditions of the survey area; determine the measurement scope, measurement focus and difficulties; assess potential measurement risks and security threats; and select appropriate measurement equipment and methods.

3. The offshore topography measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The instrument calibration in step S2 includes powering on and debugging the shipborne depth sounding system after installation, and checking whether each instrument is working normally and stably. If there are factors that affect the normal operation of the system, the interference source should be eliminated or the installation position should be adjusted until the system is normal.

4. The offshore topography measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 comprises the following steps: S31. Site and line layout includes water level station layout, survey line layout, and flight line layout; The water level stations are arranged reasonably according to geographical conditions and hydrological requirements to ensure a wide coverage area; The survey line layout is to determine the density and direction of the survey line according to the survey purpose, taking into account the depth, bottom quality and tidal factors of the water area; Said route layout is planning and designing the sailing route; S32. The data measurement includes water level station data measurement, survey line data measurement, and route data measurement.

5. A method for measuring offshore topography according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water level station data measurement in step S32 includes leveling continuous measurement and water level observation.

6. A method for measuring offshore topography according to claim 4, characterized in that: The line data measurement in step S32 includes: S321, parameter setting: correctly set the sound velocity parameters and static draft parameters of the depth sounder according to the sound velocity data and static draft measured on site; S322. Dynamic draft depth measurement: The measurement is conducted to measure the sinking amount of the ship at normal sailing speed. The measurement is conducted using the RTK positioning method and the data of the complete measurement process is recorded.

7. A method for measuring offshore topography according to claim 6, characterized in that: The static draft parameter in step S321 is the static water depth from the water surface to the bottom of the transducer, which is accurately measured before measuring the line data. It should also be measured and recorded in time when the instrument is replaced during the measurement process.

8. The offshore topography measurement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The route data measurement in step S32 adopts LiDAR shoal topography measurement.

9. A method for measuring offshore topography according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that: The measuring device used for measuring the survey line data in step S32 comprises: a supplementary positioning module (1), a water depth measurement module (2), a sound velocity measurement module (3), a communication module (4), an offshore operation carrier module (5), a guarantee module (6), a data processing module (7), a power generation module (8), and a verification module (9); The supplementary positioning module (1), the sound velocity measurement module (3), the communication module (4), the data processing module (7), the power generation module (8), and the verification module (9) are arranged inside a chassis above the offshore operation carrier module (5); the security module (6) is suspended outside the chassis above the offshore operation carrier module (5); The water depth measurement module (2) is vertically arranged inside the hull of the offshore operation carrier module (5); the lower part of the water depth measurement module (2) is located below the sea surface and is used to measure the water depth; The supplementary positioning module (1) is used for supplementary positioning during measurement; the sound speed measurement module (3) is used for observing or recording the sound speed of water; the communication module (4) is used for offshore communication; the offshore operation carrier module (5) is used for offshore operations; the guarantee module (6) is used for ensuring measurement safety; the data processing module (7) is used for data processing; the power generation module (8) is used for power supply during offshore operations; and the verification module (9) is used for verification of depth measurement data.

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