Multifunctional gasket for lithium ion battery and preparation method of multifunctional gasket

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety, and particularly discloses a lithium ion battery multifunctional gasket and a preparation method thereof.The gasket comprises a protective layer, a sensing layer, a middle layer, an embedded groove structure and a heat-insulation flame-retardant layer, the heat-insulation flame-retardant layer is a multifunctional gasket body, and the embedded groove structure is preset on the surface of the heat-insulation flame-retardant layer; one end part of the embedded groove structure is flush with the end surface of the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer; the protective layer is the outermost layer of the whole multifunctional gasket and is in direct contact with an external environment / a battery; the sensing layer is attached to the lower portion of the protection layer. The middle layer is located between the sensing layer and the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer, and a sensor and an electrode on the sensing layer are fixed on the middle layer through a preset embedded groove structure. Heat diffusion is effectively prevented through the thermal insulation layer, the flexible sensor is integrated, the thermal safety state change of the battery can be monitored in real time, and a thermal safety signal is provided for a battery management system to use, so that early warning is realized, corresponding measures are taken, and the risk caused by thermal runaway is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery safety, and in particular to a multifunctional gasket for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, the thermal safety of batteries has received increasing attention. In new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, batteries are usually composed of multiple cells to form a battery module. In order to prevent thermal runaway and spread of certain cells, thermal insulation and flame retardant gaskets are usually set between the cells to provide basic passive safety protection. However, with the development of new energy vehicle technology and energy storage technology, the requirements for battery safety are also increasing. Traditional thermal insulation and flame retardant sheets have a single function and can only provide thermal insulation and flame retardant protection when the battery is abnormal, and cannot cope with complex and changeable use environments and working conditions. Simply relying on this passive safety measure cannot fully guarantee the safety of the battery system.

[0003] Currently, battery management systems monitor battery status data to provide active protection, such as early warning, output restriction, and active cooling to reduce safety risks. However, existing technologies make it difficult to accurately and real-time obtain key data such as temperature and pressure inside the battery, especially in the early stages of abnormal battery cells, and it is easy to miss important early warning signals.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional gasket that can monitor the battery status in real time. This gasket not only has the traditional heat insulation and flame retardant functions, but also needs to integrate sensors to achieve real-time monitoring of the thermal safety status of the battery cell. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries and a preparation method thereof. By integrating flexible temperature, pressure, strain, gas and other sensors on the thermal insulation and flame retardant material, the gasket not only has thermal insulation and flame retardant functions, but also can obtain thermal safety characteristic signals such as battery temperature, pressure and gas in real time for timely warning and safety management, thereby effectively improving the safety and reliability of the power battery system and solving the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multifunctional gasket for a lithium-ion battery, comprising a protective layer, a sensing layer, an intermediate layer, an embedded groove structure and a heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer, wherein the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer is the main body of the multifunctional gasket, and an embedded groove structure is preset on the surface of the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer, and one end of the embedded groove structure is flush with the end face of the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer; the protective layer is the outermost layer of the entire multifunctional gasket, covers the entire multifunctional gasket, and is in direct contact with the external environment / battery; the sensing layer is attached to the bottom of the protective layer; the intermediate layer is located between the sensing layer and the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer, and the sensor and electrode on the sensing layer are fixed to the intermediate layer by a preset embedded groove structure.

[0007] Preferably, the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer is made of aerogel felt, mica and other materials having heat-insulating and flame-retardant functions, and an embedded groove structure is formed on its surface by a mold or laser etching technology.

[0008] Preferably, the size of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer is 100 mm×50 mm×5 mm, and three embedded groove structures are evenly arranged on the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer, and the size of the embedded groove structure is 70 mm×10 mm×0.12 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the intermediate layer is formed by treating the surface of the thermal insulation and flame retardant layer by ultrasonic cleaning, UV ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and coating, and then depositing PDMS, PI, and PU on the thermal insulation and flame retardant layer by spin coating, scraping, or dipping.

[0010] Preferably, the sensing layer is deposited in-situ and integrated on the intermediate layer by a variety of manufacturing processes such as inkjet printing, screen printing, laser etching, PVD, CVD, solution processing or spin coating, and is flush with the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer.

[0011] Preferably, the protective layer is formed by encapsulating the protective layer of PDMS, PI, PU, ​​PET polymer materials on the sensing layer by spin coating, blade coating, dip coating and lamination hot pressing methods.

[0012] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a multifunctional gasket for a lithium-ion battery, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1, preparation of heat-insulating flame-retardant layer: weigh tetraethoxysilane TEOS, add anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, stir evenly to form a solution; then, add 8wt% zinc oxide nanoparticles as a reinforcing material and evenly disperse them into the solution; finally, slowly drop ammonia water and continue stirring to form a uniform sol; mature at room temperature for 18 hours to form a wet gel; place the wet gel in a mold, perform pre-forming treatment through the mold, and then place the pre-formed wet gel in a supercritical drying device to complete the supercritical drying process to form a heat-insulating flame-retardant layer with an embedded groove structure;

[0014] Step 2, constructing an intermediate layer: after treating the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer by ultrasonic cleaning, UV ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and coating, PDMS is coated on the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer by spin coating, scraping coating, or dip coating, and the intermediate layer is formed after curing and cross-linking;

[0015] Step 3: Construct the sensing layer: Set the process parameters of inkjet printing, set the print head temperature at 40°C, and control the substrate temperature at 50°C; input the designed sensor pattern into the inkjet printing device, start the inkjet printing device, and print the sensing material and electrode material layer by layer on the middle layer according to the pattern. After printing, place it at 120°C for curing for 1 hour to complete the construction of the sensing layer;

[0016] Step 4: Construct a protective layer: Use the pretreated PDMS to construct a protective layer for the sensing layer through a scraping process. Set the scraping parameters: the scraping speed is 5 mm / s and the kinetic air pressure is 80 kPa. After the scraping is completed, cure at 80°C for 2 hours to complete the preparation of the protective layer.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1, the mass ratio of tetraethoxysilane TEOS, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water is 1:4:1; the drying temperature of the supercritical drying is 180° C., and the drying time is 10 hours.

[0018] Preferably, in step 2, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 100 μm, and the curing is performed at 80° C. for 2 hours.

[0019] Preferably, in step three, the size of the sensor is 5 mm×10 mm, and the distance between the sensors is 15 mm.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The present invention can better combine the sensor with the heat-insulating flame-retardant material through in-situ embedding, reduce unnecessary contact between the sensor and the outside world, avoid the influence caused by external forces and environmental factors (such as impact or friction, etc.), and ensure the performance of the sensor. Through the structural design of the embedding groove, it can also adapt to and support a variety of sensor types, ensuring the versatility of the gasket. 2) By integrating the flexible sensor on the heat-insulating flame-retardant gasket, it is possible to monitor the changes in the temperature, pressure, gas, etc. of the lithium battery in real time, and realize real-time monitoring of the thermal safety status of the battery. And by arranging a multifunctional gasket between each battery cell, the system can comprehensively monitor the thermal safety status of multiple batteries and improve the responsiveness of the battery early warning system; 3) Real-time status monitoring can not only provide early warning signals, but also improve the efficiency of thermal management, effectively avoid overheating and overcooling of the battery, delay the performance degradation of the battery, and extend the service life of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multifunctional gasket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a multifunctional gasket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the sensing layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the specific position relationship between batteries in which the multifunctional gasket is applied in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] In the figure, 1-protective layer, 2-sensing layer, 3-middle layer, 4-embedded groove structure, 5-heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer, 6-electrode lead, 7-electrode output port, 8-connecting wire, 9-bus, 10-multi-function gasket, 11-battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, so once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or the positions or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the outermost layer is the protective layer 1, which covers the entire gasket and is in direct contact with the external environment (battery). The sensing layer 2 is attached to the bottom of the protective layer and includes multiple sensors and electrodes (electrode leads 6 and electrode output ports 7). These sensors and electrodes are fixed to the middle layer 3 through a pre-designed embedding groove 4, flush with the end surface of the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer 5. The electrode lead is connected from the sensor to the electrode output port. The external connecting wire 8 is connected to the electrode output port, integrated through the bus 9, and transmits the signal to the battery management system. The middle layer 3 is located between the sensing layer and the heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer. The heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer 5 is close to the middle layer, and a groove channel is designed for embedding the middle layer and the sensing layer.

[0031] The protective layer 1 is used to alleviate the performance degradation of the sensor and protect the sensor from chemical corrosion and external mechanical stress damage. It has insulation isolation performance and protects and alleviates the performance degradation of the sensor. For the protective layer 1, the present invention uses a variety of processes such as spin coating, scraper coating, dip coating, lamination and hot pressing to uniformly encapsulate polymer materials such as PDMS, PI, PU, ​​PET, etc. on the surface of the multifunctional gasket.

[0032] The sensing layer 2 is used to monitor changes in the battery's temperature, pressure, and gas, and transmits real-time feedback signals to the battery management system through the electrode leads 6, the electrode output ports 7, the connecting wires 8, and the bus 9. Figure 3 As shown, the electrical signal collected by the sensing layer is transmitted to the electrode output port 7 through the electrode lead 6. The electrode lead is responsible for conducting the signal of the sensing layer to ensure the integrity and stability of the signal. Subsequently, the electrode output port serves as an interface for connecting the external circuit to transmit the signal to the connecting line 8. The connecting line acts as a signal transmission channel to ensure that the electrical signal can be smoothly transmitted between different components to avoid interference or signal loss. Finally, all signals are centrally processed and integrated through the bus 9, which collects the signals led out of each electrode and transmits them to the battery management system to achieve real-time monitoring and feedback of the battery status. For the sensing layer 2, the present invention can use a variety of manufacturing processes for deposition in situ integration in the gasket, including but not limited to inkjet printing, screen printing, laser etching, PVD, CVD, solution processing and spin coating. In addition, the sensor can also be prepared first, directly embedded and pasted on the gasket.

[0033] The middle layer 3 is used to connect the sensing layer and the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer to prevent the sensor from cracking due to stress or temperature changes, which may lead to performance degradation, and plays a role as an intermediate buffer.

[0034] The embedding groove structure 4 is designed to accommodate a sensor or other functional element, ensuring that the sensor is tightly combined with the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer. The embedding groove can be adjusted according to the size and type of the sensor to optimize its performance and stability.

[0035] The design of the embedded groove structure and the diversity of its shapes and arrangements, as well as how it can effectively adapt to different types of sensors and ensure the stable performance of the sensors. The embedded groove structure can adjust its shape and size as needed to adapt to different types of sensors and ensure that the sensor is not affected by external stress during use. Its shape can be but not limited to regular geometric shapes such as rectangle, circle, ellipse, triangle, trapezoid, or irregular shapes (such as polygon, wave, sawtooth, etc.). The size and depth of the embedded groove can be adjusted according to the size and function of the specific sensor. The arrangement of the embedded groove can also be single or multiple arrangements, showing linear, grid or random distribution to meet the needs of different application scenarios. The design of the embedded groove can be adjusted according to the application requirements. It can be a single-sided embedded structure or a double-sided embedded form to meet the requirements of different structures and functions. On the premise that the sensor and electrode can be stably deposited and the signal can be transmitted normally, the design of the embedded groove can follow the principle of minimizing the proportion to maximize the overall structural integrity and functionality of the flame retardant insulation layer.

[0036] The heat-insulating flame-retardant layer 5, the main body of the multifunctional gasket, has a heat-insulating flame-retardant function, which can inhibit the thermal diffusion combustion of the battery in the case of overheating or thermal runaway. A double-sided embedded structure 4 is designed on the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant sheet to facilitate the integration of sensors and achieve a close combination of the sensing layer and the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer, thereby improving the overall stability and performance of the multifunctional gasket. For the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer 5, the present invention adopts materials with heat-insulating flame-retardant functions including but not limited to aerogel felt and mica. Aerogel felt can be prepared by a sol-gel method combined with supercritical drying technology, and mica material can be processed into thin sheets by lamination technology, and then sintered or hot-pressed at high temperature. Finally, an embedded groove structure is formed on its surface by a mold or laser etching technology.

[0037] For the interface bonding between the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer 5 and the sensing layer 2, the present invention provides a variety of surface treatment schemes and optimizes the combination to construct the intermediate layer 3 to improve the adhesion and long-term stability between the two. These treatment schemes include but are not limited to ultrasonic cleaning, ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment, heat treatment, introduction of functional groups, coating treatment, etc. The surface treatment method of the present invention is not a simple superposition of existing processes, but a customized design for different materials and working conditions.

[0038] Each layer improves adhesion by optimizing surface treatment technology to ensure the stability and long-term performance of the gasket. Figure 4 As shown, they together constitute a multifunctional gasket 10 with heat insulation, flame retardancy and real-time monitoring functions, which is used to be installed between batteries 11.

[0039] The preparation method of the multifunctional gasket for lithium ion batteries of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Preparation of thermal insulation and flame retardant layer

[0041] The thermal insulation and flame retardant layer uses aerogel felt, and the preparation materials include tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), anhydrous ethanol, deionized water and ammonia water. First, weigh 20 grams of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), add 80 grams of anhydrous ethanol and 20 grams of deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:4:1, and stir evenly to form a solution. Then, add zinc oxide nanoparticles at a ratio of 8wt%, that is, 1.6 grams of zinc oxide nanoparticles, as a reinforcing material, and evenly disperse them in the solution. Finally, slowly add 2.4 milliliters of ammonia water and continue stirring to form a uniform sol. The sol is matured at room temperature for 18 hours to form a wet gel.

[0042] In the wet gel state of aerogel, the wet gel is placed in a customized mold and preformed through the mold. The groove structure of the mold is designed to be double-sided. Three grooves are opened on each side, and the size of the groove is 70mm×10mm×0.12mm, which is used to embed flexible sensors. The overall size of the gasket is 100mm×50mm×5mm. After that, the preformed wet gel is placed in a supercritical drying device, the drying conditions are set to 180℃, the drying time is 10 hours, the supercritical drying process is completed, and finally an aerogel felt gasket with an embedded structure is formed.

[0043] Step 2: Surface treatment to build the middle layer

[0044] First, ultrasonic cleaning was used to preliminarily clean the surface of the aerogel felt. The ultrasonic frequency was set to 40kHz and the cleaning time was 10 minutes to remove surface impurities and particulate matter. After cleaning, UV ozone treatment was performed for 20 minutes. By introducing functional groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl, the chemical activity of the aerogel surface was enhanced and the adhesion of the coating was improved. Then, plasma treatment was used to further activate the surface. The power was set to 50W and the treatment time was 10 minutes to ensure that the aerogel surface had good binding ability for subsequent material deposition. After the surface treatment was completed, PDMS was pretreated and a layer of intermediate layer was evenly coated on the aerogel surface by spin coating. The thickness of the intermediate layer was controlled to be 100μm. After coating, the sample was cured at 80℃ for 2 hours to ensure that the PDMS was completely cross-linked and a stable transition layer was formed. Finally, the cured aerogel surface was treated with UV ozone, plasma or surface treated with a functional adhesive again to ensure that the sensing layer could be well deposited on the intermediate layer.

[0045] Step 3: Inkjet printing to build the sensing layer

[0046] The present invention adopts inkjet printing technology to deposit the sensing layer onto the middle layer until it is flush with the surface of the heat insulation and flame retardant layer.

[0047] First, according to the characteristics of the sensing layer material, the process parameters of inkjet printing were optimized, the print head temperature was set at 40°C, and the substrate temperature was controlled at 50°C.

[0048] Before printing, the pattern of the sensor is designed by CAD, including the location of the conductive path and the electrode. The size of the sensor is 5mm×10mm, and the spacing between sensors is 15mm. Input the designed pattern into the inkjet printing device, set the appropriate preset waveform and dot spacing, start the inkjet printing device, and print the sensing material and electrode material layer by layer on the middle layer according to the designed pattern, and connect the electrode output port and the connecting wire together. After printing, the sample is placed at 120℃ for 1 hour to cure. All the connecting wires are brought together to form a bus.

[0049] Step 4: Scrape and apply a protective layer

[0050] The present invention uses the pretreated PDMS to construct a protective layer for the sensing layer through a scraping process. The scraping parameters are set, the scraping speed is 5 mm / s, and the kinetic air pressure is 80 kPa. After the scraping is completed, the protective layer is cured at a temperature of 80° C. for 2 hours to complete the preparation of the protective layer.

[0051] The preparation of the multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries is completed through the above steps.

[0052] The present invention uses the surface bonding technology of the sensing layer and the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer to make the sensor firmly attached to the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer. Through surface treatment, the adhesion between the sensing layer and the heat-insulating layer is improved to ensure stable performance during long-term use.

[0053] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that: The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries comprises a protective layer (1), a sensing layer (2), an intermediate layer (3), an embedded groove structure (4), and a heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5); the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5) is the main body of the multifunctional gasket, and the embedded groove structure (4) is preset on the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5); one end of the embedded groove structure (4) is flush with the end surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5); the protective layer (1) is the outermost layer of the entire multifunctional gasket, covers the entire multifunctional gasket, and is in direct contact with the external environment / battery; the sensing layer (2) is attached to the bottom of the protective layer (1); The intermediate layer (3) is located between the sensing layer (2) and the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5), and the sensors and electrodes on the sensing layer (2) are fixed on the intermediate layer (3) via a preset embedding groove structure (4).

2. The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating and flame-retardant layer (5) is made of aerogel felt, mica and other materials with heat-insulating and flame-retardant functions, and an embedded groove structure (4) is formed on its surface by a mold or laser etching technology.

3. The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5) is 100 mm×50 mm×5 mm, and three embedded groove structures are evenly arranged on the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer, and the size of the embedded groove structure is 70 mm×10 mm×0.12 mm.

4. The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate layer (3) is formed by treating the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer (5) by ultrasonic cleaning, UV ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and coating, and then depositing PDMS, PI, and PU on the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer by spin coating, scraping coating, or dipping coating.

5. The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing layer (2) is deposited in situ and integrated on the intermediate layer by using a variety of manufacturing processes such as inkjet printing, screen printing, laser etching, PVD, CVD, solution processing or spin coating, and is flush with the surface of the heat insulation and flame retardant layer.

6. The multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective layer (1) is formed by encapsulating the protective layer of PDMS, PI, PU, ​​PET polymer materials on the sensing layer using a spin coating, scraper coating, dip coating, and lamination hot pressing method.

7. A method for preparing the multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, preparation of heat-insulating flame-retardant layer: weigh tetraethoxysilane TEOS, add anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, stir evenly to form a solution; then, add 8wt% zinc oxide nanoparticles as a reinforcing material and evenly disperse them into the solution; finally, slowly drop ammonia water and continue stirring to form a uniform sol; mature at room temperature for 18 hours to form a wet gel; place the wet gel in a mold, perform pre-forming treatment through the mold, and then place the pre-formed wet gel in a supercritical drying device to complete the supercritical drying process to form a heat-insulating flame-retardant layer with an embedded groove structure; Step 2, constructing an intermediate layer: after treating the surface of the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer by ultrasonic cleaning, UV ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and coating, PDMS is coated on the heat-insulating flame-retardant layer by spin coating, scraping coating, or dip coating, and the intermediate layer is formed after curing and cross-linking; Step 3: Construct the sensing layer: Set the process parameters of inkjet printing, set the print head temperature at 40°C, and control the substrate temperature at 50°C; input the designed sensor pattern into the inkjet printing device, start the inkjet printing device, and print the sensing material and electrode material layer by layer on the middle layer according to the pattern. After printing, place it at 120°C for curing for 1 hour to complete the construction of the sensing layer; Step 4: Constructing a protective layer: Use the pre-treated PDMS to construct a protective layer for the sensing layer through a scraping process, and set the scraping parameters: the scraping speed is 5 mm / s, and the motion air pressure is 80 kPa; After the coating is completed, the coating is cured at 80° C. for 2 hours to complete the preparation of the protective layer.

8. The method for preparing a multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 1, the mass ratio of tetraethoxysilane TEOS, anhydrous ethanol and deionized water is 1:4:1; the drying temperature of the supercritical drying is 180° C., and the drying time is 10 hours.

9. The method for preparing a multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 2, the thickness of the intermediate layer is 100 μm, and the curing is performed at 80° C. for 2 hours.

10. The method for preparing a multifunctional gasket for lithium-ion batteries according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step three, the size of the sensor is 5 mm × 10 mm, and the distance between sensors is 15 mm.

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