Electricity-carbon collaborative comprehensive energy system regulation and control method considering flexible demands of users

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power-carbon collaborative comprehensive energy systems, in particular to a power-carbon collaborative comprehensive energy system regulation and control method considering flexible requirements of users. The invention aims to realize economic and low-carbon operation of the energy system. The invention discloses an electricity-carbon collaborative comprehensive energy system considering flexible requirements of users, and relates to an energy supply network, production equipment, energy storage equipment, user side equipment, a control system and a carbon emission management system. The regulation and control method relates to user side demand analysis, typical aggregator demand response model establishment, comprehensive demand response regulation and control, full-cycle carbon footprint constraint and electricity-carbon coordinated regulation and control. By flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment, energy production and conversion strategies are adjusted according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user demands, multi-energy complementary characteristics are introduced, and the flexibility and response speed of the system are improved. Meanwhile, full-cycle carbon footprint constraint is implemented, and a high-carbon emission link is identified and carbon emission is controlled by checking and evaluating the carbon emission condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of an electricity-carbon synergistic integrated energy system, and in particular to a control method for an electricity-carbon synergistic integrated energy system that takes into account the flexible needs of users. Background Art

[0002] Energy is the cornerstone of human civilization, but large-scale fossil energy consumption is also a major factor leading to climate and environmental problems. In order to achieve the dual carbon goals, traditional microgrids have gradually developed into integrated energy systems. Through multi-energy complementarity and cascade utilization of energy, energy conversion equipment is used to meet users' energy needs in various forms, and energy coupling characteristics are used to optimize equipment output, which can effectively reduce energy supply costs and improve system economic benefits.

[0003] One of its main forms is the integrated energy system based on combined heat and power (CHP). The incoordination between high penetration of wind power and the widespread use of CHP has become a challenge to the operation of the energy system. On the one hand, the fluctuation of wind power generation causes large changes in electricity prices during operation. In periods when wind power is large and electricity prices are low, the profit of CHP will drop significantly. On the other hand, the electric power of CHP is limited by thermal power, and its thermal power must be targeted at the thermal energy demand of the load. Therefore, when the load thermal energy demand is high in winter, the power generation of CHP will also increase accordingly, thereby covering most of the electricity demand during non-peak hours, leading to a large-scale "wind abandonment" phenomenon.

[0004] In addition to taking corresponding measures from the perspective of energy production and transmission networks, resources on the demand side also have untapped potential and can increase the operational flexibility of the integrated energy system. By utilizing energy conversion and storage equipment (or natural heat storage media such as buildings) on the load side, the load can adjust its energy demand within a certain period of time, thereby promoting the rebalancing of supply and demand in the integrated system. This ability can become the demand-side flexibility of the load.

[0005] The thermal energy demand of user-side loads can be met by the thermal energy input of the regional heating system or the thermal power of the electric heat conversion device. This demand response strategy is called "electricity substitution". Through this strategy, the load can adjust the energy demand according to the supply side to reduce consumers' energy cost expenditure. The traditional "power follows load" power balancing method is unsustainable, and there is a high proportion of flexible loads in typical application scenarios such as industry, commerce, hospitals, parks, and residents. The demand side has great potential to participate in the operation of the power grid. It is more economical, more environmentally friendly and faster to expand adjustable resources through active response on the demand side.

[0006] At present, the design of the operational flexibility of the integrated energy system is mainly focused on the generation, transmission / distribution links, that is, by deploying heat storage devices or by tapping the heat storage characteristics of heating pipelines to improve the flexibility of the system. Although some designs propose to use buildings as natural heat storage media to improve the flexibility of the integrated energy system, most of the designs on the user side do not consider its initiative. With the development of power-to-electricity technology, not only the integrated energy system has energy conversion equipment, but the user side also has power-to-electricity equipment, such as electric heaters, air conditioners, etc. Users can change their energy usage habits to improve their marginal utility of energy usage, and there are deficiencies in this aspect of design.

[0007] On the other hand, there is a lack of quantitative analysis and application design of demand-side flexibility. Demand-side flexibility is defined as the ability of loads to adjust their energy demand within a certain period of time, thereby providing the ability to adjust power to achieve system supply and demand balance. On the one hand, the current design of typical loads in the electric-thermal integrated energy system is not sophisticated enough, and there is a lack of classification modeling design for typical load scenarios; on the other hand, some designs have proposed load comprehensive demand response models based on demand-side flexibility, but these models are often nonlinear or even non-convex. Therefore, if these comprehensive demand response models are incorporated into the operation and scheduling of the integrated energy system, it will lead to a huge computational burden.

[0008] The current design mainly considers the regulation capability of the electric energy demand of the user-side load (some designs also involve the regulation capability of natural gas demand), but there is no design that considers the regulation capability of both electric energy demand and thermal energy demand at the same time. The design for integrated demand response mainly focuses on loads such as EH, while EH is actually a load with a series of energy conversion and storage equipment such as distributed cogeneration units CHP, energy storage, and boilers, such as industrial parks. In fact, loads that do not deploy distributed cogeneration units CHP and other equipment can still participate in integrated demand response (IDR). Such loads can participate in IDR by transferring part of the thermal energy demand to the electric-to-heat equipment during low electricity price periods.

[0009] In summary, in the existing technology, in the field of electric-thermal integrated energy systems, the design of typical loads lacks sufficient refinement, especially in the classification modeling, which makes it difficult to accurately reflect the actual demand changes under different load scenarios.

[0010] On the other hand, most of the proposed comprehensive demand response models based on demand-side flexibility are nonlinear or non-convex, which leads to a significant increase in the computational burden and a reduction in the system's real-time response capability and operating efficiency when they are actually applied to the operation and scheduling of integrated energy systems.

[0011] In addition, current designs mainly focus on regulating the electricity demand of user-side loads, and a few designs involve regulating natural gas demand, but there is a lack of designs that consider the regulation capabilities of both electricity and thermal energy demand. This single-dimensional consideration limits the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of comprehensive demand response strategies.

[0012] In addition, the design of comprehensive demand response is mostly focused on specific loads (such as industrial parks) that have deployed distributed combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, while ignoring the participation potential of other loads (such as ordinary residents and commercial buildings) that have not deployed such equipment. This limits the popularity and flexibility of comprehensive demand response strategies.

[0013] At the same time, while pursuing flexibility and efficiency in energy use within the integrated energy system, existing technologies lack systematic consideration of carbon emission management at all stages, making it difficult to effectively support green and low-carbon development goals. Summary of the invention

[0014] In order to solve the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a control method for an electric-carbon coordinated integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users, and the system includes:

[0015] The energy supply network includes the power supply network and the heating network. The power supply network is a distribution network connected to the transmission network to purchase electricity from outside. The heating network includes a water supply network and a return network, which realize heat exchange at the heat source and the user through a heat exchange station.

[0016] Energy production equipment, including combined heat and power (CHP) units that generate both electricity and heat; distributed gas units for providing electricity; distributed photovoltaic units that provide renewable energy electricity; and gas boilers for heat production;

[0017] Energy storage equipment, including batteries for storing electrical energy to balance supply and demand; thermal storage tanks for storing thermal energy; Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) equipment for capturing carbon dioxide generated within the system and reducing carbon emissions by storing it;

[0018] User-side equipment, including load aggregators, which are independent entities responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and supplying it to downstream loads to meet the energy needs of the user side; and power-to-heat equipment that converts electrical energy into thermal energy;

[0019] Control systems that adjust the demand for electrical and thermal energy to supply conditions by flexibly controlling energy generation, conversion and storage equipment;

[0020] Carbon emission management system, used to calculate and evaluate carbon emissions, identify high carbon emission links and deal with them;

[0021] Control methods include:

[0022] S1. Analysis of user-side subjective initiative and multi-energy complementary characteristics:

[0023] Collect and identify users who can adjust their energy usage habits according to their own needs and energy price factors, and analyze the multi-energy complementary characteristics on the user side, that is, users can meet their energy needs through electrical energy and thermal energy, and use energy conversion equipment to achieve conversion between different energy forms;

[0024] S2. Establish a typical aggregator demand response model:

[0025] According to the different characteristics of user-side loads, two typical aggregator demand response models are established:

[0026] The first category is the load without the deployment of distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production units, which is aggregated and optimized uniformly through load aggregators;

[0027] The second category is the loads that deploy distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production equipment, which can independently produce electricity and heat;

[0028] S3. Construct a comprehensive demand response control method:

[0029] Based on two typical load scenarios, a comprehensive demand response control method is constructed to adjust energy demand according to supply conditions by flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment. Three comprehensive demand response control strategies are introduced: energy allocation ratio adjustment strategy on demand, energy conversion substitution strategy and energy dynamic storage strategy to achieve a balance between supply and demand.

[0030] S4. Introduce full-cycle carbon footprint constraints to promote carbon emission reduction in all aspects of energy production, conversion and storage;

[0031] S5. Implement coordinated regulation of electricity and carbon:

[0032] Combined with the linkage between electricity and carbon emissions, electricity-carbon coordinated regulation is implemented; by comprehensively considering electricity supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emission factors, the optimal energy production and conversion strategy is formulated; during the regulation process, according to the real-time electricity price, carbon emission price and user demand factors, the operation of energy production and conversion equipment is flexibly adjusted to achieve economical and low-carbon operation of the integrated energy system;

[0033] S6. Continuous optimization and adjustment:

[0034] Based on system operation conditions and user feedback, continuously optimize and adjust the comprehensive demand response regulation method and electricity-carbon coordinated regulation strategy.

[0035] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S2 includes:

[0036] S21. Establish a demand response model for the first-class load aggregator: Introduce the concept of load aggregator to aggregate and uniformly optimize the first-class loads; as an independent entity, the load aggregator is responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and providing it to downstream loads to meet the energy needs of users;

[0037] S211, Load Aggregator Energy Demand Model:

[0038] The energy demand of the load aggregator is the sum of the energy demand of all individual sub-loads, which is described as:

[0039]

[0040] Where: j∈Θ i represents the set of all sub-load individuals served by load aggregator i; L E，j is the power demand of load j;

[0041] The heat demand of the load aggregator is calculated from the heating network and the return network and is described as:

[0042] L H，i =m i ·c w ·(τ s -τ r )

[0043] Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline m 3 / h,c w Represents the specific heat capacity of water J / kg℃; τ s and τ r Represents the supply water temperature ℃ and return water temperature ℃ respectively;

[0044] S212, dynamic model of heating network:

[0045] The district heating system uses hot water or hot steam as the heat transfer medium. The heat medium is heated by the CHP heat energy production unit of the combined heat and power unit and then transferred to the user side by the heating network.

[0046] Assuming that the heat medium is hot water during the transmission process, the temperature variation in the heat pipe network over time and space can be expressed by a partial differential equation, which is described as:

[0047]

[0048] Where: T g is the ambient temperature; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline; T x，t is the pipe temperature at time t at a distance x from the beginning of the pipe; m is the microelement Δx water flow; C p is the specific heat capacity;

[0049] Load side inflow temperature τ in , outflow temperature τ out and water supply temperature τ s , return water temperature τ r The relationship is described as:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where: l s and l r are the lengths of the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe, respectively. Usually, they can be considered as l s = l r =1; h is the thermal conductivity W / m℃; T g is the ambient temperature;

[0053] The heat transfer loss is related to the total water flow, ambient temperature, and heat pipe length. The heat transfer loss is described as:

[0054]

[0055] The total water flow of the heating network is the sum of the inflows on each sub-load side, which is described as:

[0056]

[0057] Where: m j is the hot water flow rate flowing into sub-load body j;

[0058] Definition of Rated Water Flow Coefficient R j , hot water flow rate m j Described as being controlled by the rated water flow coefficient:

[0059]

[0060] Where: R j Design parameters for rated water flow;

[0061] S213. Power system power balance:

[0062] The power demand of the load can be divided into heating demand and non-heating demand; non-heating demand includes the power demand of lighting, fans and electrical appliances. The power demand is the sum of heating demand and non-heating demand, which can be described as:

[0063] L E，j =L ES，j +L E0，j

[0064] Where: L E，jis the total electric energy demand on the load side, L ES，j is the power consumption of the electric heat conversion equipment, L E0，j is a rigid electrical load;

[0065] S214, Heating system power balance

[0066] The heat energy demand of the load is positively correlated with the temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature. For a building area and a load with the same structure, the greater the temperature difference, the more heat energy the load requires. The indoor temperature of the load is uniformly controlled by the load aggregator. It is believed that the load aggregator adopts a unified control strategy to ensure that the indoor temperature of each load is the same and within the comfortable temperature range, which can be described as:

[0067] L HO,j =H j ·V j ·(τ set -T g )

[0068] Where: L HO，j represents the total heat energy required by load j to maintain the indoor temperature, H j is the unit volume heat capacity of load j W / m 3 ℃,V j Building volume m 3 ; τ set To set the temperature;

[0069] The heat energy flowing into sub-load body j can be divided into two parts, one is the heat energy generated by the electric heat conversion equipment, and the other is the heat energy injected by the district heating system. The total heat energy describes the sum of the above two parts:

[0070] H IN，j =H ES，j +H NET，j =α j ·L ES，j +m j ·c w ·(τ in -τ out )

[0071] Where: H ES，j and H NET，j They represent the heat energy generated by electricity-to-heat conversion and the heat energy injected by the district heating system; α j Expressed as conversion efficiency;

[0072] Partial differential equations are used to describe the relationship between the internal temperature of the building and the thermal parameters of the building, the input heating, and the external ambient temperature, while taking into account the heat dissipation by ventilation and the heat transfer process through the building structure;

[0073] Then the changes of indoor air temperature and building structure temperature of building j are described as:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] The upper and lower limits of the indoor temperature can be set as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Where: and Respectively represent the internal temperature of the building and the temperature of the building wall structure; and They represent the heat capacity parameters of the building’s internal environment and wall structure respectively; and They represent the heat conduction parameters of building ventilation, indoor wall and wall-outdoor respectively; is the initial setting value of indoor temperature; σ OB is the allowable fluctuation range of indoor temperature, Indicates the heating load of indoor space in a building;

[0080] S22. Establish the second type of load aggregator demand response model:

[0081] Distributed combined heat and power (CHP) units are deployed as heat sources, connected to the primary energy system and obtain energy from it; the load side uses the energy injected by the power system and the natural gas system, and uses power consumption devices, distributed combined heat and power (CHP) units, and boiler equipment to produce the required electricity and heat energy to meet various needs; due to the small spatial scale and short power line length, the power transmission loss can be ignored; on the contrary, the heat loss is often high, so it needs to be considered in the energy model;

[0082] The heat transfer loss can be described as:

[0083]

[0084] Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline m 3 / h,c w Represents the specific heat capacity of water J / kg℃; τ si and τ ri Represents the supply water temperature ℃ and return water temperature ℃ respectively;

[0085] Since the temperature of the water in the pipe decreases exponentially during the transmission process, it can be approximately replaced by:

[0086] τs，i′ =(τ s，i -τ a )·(1-h·l s / m i c w )+τ o

[0087] τ r，i′ =(τ r，i -τ a )·(1+h·l r / m i c w )+τ o

[0088] Therefore, from the above, we can see that the overall loss in the heat conduction process is

[0089]

[0090] 1. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the specific process of step S3 includes:

[0091] By flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment, it can adjust its energy demand, including electricity demand and natural gas demand, according to supply conditions and formulate a comprehensive demand response regulation strategy:

[0092] S31. Formulate strategies to adjust energy allocation ratios on demand; flexibly adjust the allocation ratio of natural gas consumption in distributed cogeneration units (CHP) and gas boilers to supply the electricity and heat energy required by the load in different ways;

[0093] Define r as the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit to the total natural gas injected. By adjusting the ratio r, the power demand can be adjusted while meeting the load demand. The power and heat balance on both the supply and demand sides can be described as:

[0094] β GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i

[0095]

[0096] 0≤r≤1

[0097] Where: r is the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro CHP unit to the total natural gas injected; β GE is the power generation efficiency of gas turbine; P G，i is the amount of natural gas injected; P E，i is the electrical energy input power; L E，iResponse to user's electricity load demand; GH is the CHP heating efficiency of the combined heat and power unit; L H，i Provide heat load demand response for users; is the heat load loss;

[0098] S32. Formulate energy conversion substitution strategies; convert part of the heat demand to the electric heat conversion equipment, and convert part of the heat demand into electric energy demand; through the electric heat conversion device, the electric energy is directly converted into the required heat energy; then the balance of electric energy and heat energy on both the source and load supply and demand sides is further relaxed to:

[0099] β GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i +L ES,i

[0100]

[0101] P ES，i =β GE ·L ES,i

[0102] 0≤r≤1

[0103] L eh，i，min ≤L eh，i ≤L eh，i，max

[0104] S33. Formulate a dynamic energy storage strategy; use buildings as natural heat storage media to store thermal energy, use the thermal inertia of buildings as heat storage media, and use the thermal dynamic model of buildings as a heat storage model; in this case, the balance constraints of electricity and heat energy on both the supply and demand sides will be relaxed to:

[0105] β GE ·r·P G，i +β EE ·P E，i =L E，i +L ES,i

[0106]

[0107] P ES，i =β GE ·L ES,i

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] τ a，min ≤τ a ≤τ a,max

[0111] 0≤r≤1

[0112] L ES,i，min ≤L ES，i ≤L ES,i，max

[0113] Where: τ a，min and τ a，max is the threshold of comfortable temperature.

[0114] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S4 includes:

[0115] The carbon footprint is calculated by combining the emission factor method and the life cycle assessment method, which is described as:

[0116]

[0117] Where: is the carbon footprint of the integrated energy system; E WT，t 、E PV，t 、E ES，t These are the carbon emissions of wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage, which are calculated by the carbon emission factors of each output power and life cycle assessment.

[0118] Two typical user integrated demand response models based on integrated energy systems are established and carbon footprint constraints are added, which are described as:

[0119]

[0120] Where: It is the upper limit of system carbon emissions within the cycle.

[0121] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S5 includes:

[0122] S51. Clarify the linkage between electricity and carbon emissions:

[0123] S52. Comprehensive consideration of power supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emission factors:

[0124] S53. Develop optimal energy production and conversion strategies:

[0125] S54. Flexibly adjust the operation of energy production and conversion equipment.

[0126] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S51 includes:

[0127] S511. Analyze the direct relationship between electricity production and carbon emissions, and determine the electricity output and corresponding carbon emissions of different energy production equipment, including combined heat and power units (CHP), distributed gas units, distributed photovoltaics, etc.;

[0128] S512, assessing the carbon emission coefficient of each device, that is, the carbon emission generated per unit of electrical energy output;

[0129] S513, calculating the total power output and its corresponding total carbon emissions according to the real-time power supply situation;

[0130] S514. Predict fluctuations in electricity supply over a period of time in the future and assess potential changes in carbon emissions accordingly.

[0131] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S52 includes:

[0132] S521. Evaluate electricity supply: monitor the real-time price and supply of purchased electricity, including electricity purchased from the transmission grid; evaluate the electricity production capacity and cost of local energy production equipment, including combined heat and power (CHP) units and distributed gas units;

[0133] S522. Analyze energy conversion efficiency and carbon emissions: Evaluate the conversion efficiency of energy conversion equipment such as electric-to-heat equipment and gas boilers and their corresponding carbon emissions; determine the impact of different links in the energy conversion process on carbon emissions;

[0134] S523. Consider the use of energy storage equipment:

[0135] Evaluate the energy storage status of batteries and thermal storage tanks, and their regulatory role in the balance between electricity and thermal energy supply and demand; set charging and discharging strategies for energy storage equipment to balance supply and demand and reduce carbon emissions;

[0136] S524. Consider the role of carbon capture and storage equipment CCUS: evaluate the capture efficiency and storage capacity of CCUS equipment, and calculate its contribution to reducing system carbon emissions; incorporate CCUS equipment into the regulation scope of the integrated energy system to further reduce carbon emissions.

[0137] In a preferred solution, the specific process of step S53 includes:

[0138] S531. Optimize energy production mix: flexibly adjust the operating load of each energy production equipment according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user needs; give priority to the use of renewable energy and low-carbon emission equipment, and reduce the operating time of high-carbon emission equipment;

[0139] S532. Adjust energy conversion strategy: flexibly adjust the operating power of power-to-heat equipment according to changes in user demand to balance the supply and demand of thermal energy; consider introducing more renewable energy in the energy conversion process to reduce dependence on traditional energy;

[0140] S533. Optimize the utilization of energy storage equipment: control the charging and discharging time of energy storage equipment, balance supply and demand and reduce carbon emissions; charge during low electricity price periods and discharge during high electricity price periods to reduce overall operating costs.

[0141] In the preferred scheme, the specific process of step S54 includes: real-time monitoring and adjustment: real-time monitoring of the operating status of power supply, energy conversion and energy storage equipment through an intelligent control system; timely adjustment of equipment operating parameters according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user demand changes.

[0142] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0143] First, the present invention flexibly controls energy production, conversion and storage equipment, and the system adjusts energy production and conversion strategies according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user needs, thereby improving the flexibility and response speed of the system. And by introducing multi-energy complementary characteristics, users can adjust their energy usage habits according to their own needs and energy prices, further enhancing the system's adaptability to user-side needs.

[0144] Second, the present invention proposes a plan to implement full-cycle carbon footprint constraints, which helps achieve green and low-carbon development goals by calculating and evaluating carbon emissions, identifying high-carbon emission links and taking measures to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon capture and storage equipment (CCUS) is configured in the integrated energy system to capture and store carbon dioxide generated within the system, effectively reducing the overall carbon emission intensity of the system.

[0145] Third, the present invention optimizes the energy production mix and adjusts the energy conversion strategy, giving priority to the use of renewable energy and low-carbon emission equipment, and reducing the operating time of high-carbon emission equipment, thereby reducing the operating cost of the system. Energy storage devices (such as batteries and heat storage tanks) are used to charge or store energy when electricity prices are low, and discharge or release heat energy when electricity prices are high, further reducing the operating cost of the integrated energy system.

[0146] Fourth, the present invention constructs a comprehensive demand response control method and introduces a variety of control strategies (such as adjusting the energy allocation ratio on demand, energy conversion substitution, and dynamic energy storage) to better meet the diverse energy needs of users. And by introducing the concept of load aggregators, the first type of loads are aggregated and optimized uniformly, thereby improving the reliability and stability of energy supply. Considering energy conversion efficiency and carbon emission factors, the optimal energy production and conversion strategy is formulated to reduce the impact of supply and demand fluctuations on system stability.

[0147] Fifth, the present invention formulates an economical and low-carbon operation strategy by comprehensively considering multiple factors such as power supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emissions, thereby promoting the innovation and application of electricity-carbon synergy, multi-energy complementarity and demand response technologies, and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction while also promoting the utilization of renewable energy and the development of a low-carbon economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0148] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the regional integrated energy system in Example 1;

[0149] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the internal linkage of the user-side electricity-carbon collaborative autonomous balancing system in Example 1;

[0150] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a user side load demand relationship without a distributed CHP energy production device in Example 1;

[0151] Figure 4 A diagram showing the distribution of electric-thermal energy flows in Example 1 without a distributed CHP energy production device;

[0152] Figure 5 It represents the load demand relationship of the user side in which the distributed CHP equipment is deployed in Example 1;

[0153] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the user load demand side with a distributed CHP device based on an energy center in Example 1;

[0154] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing heat loss during heat transfer of the heating system in Example 1; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0155] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. In addition, the forms of the various structures recorded in the following embodiments are merely illustrative, and the present invention is not limited to the various structures recorded in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0156] The electric-carbon synergistic integrated energy system of the present invention, which takes into account the flexible needs of users, includes an energy supply network, including a power supply network and a heating network. The power supply network is a distribution network, which is connected to the transmission network to realize the purchase of external electricity; the heating network includes a water supply network and a return network, which realize heat exchange at the heat source and the user respectively through a heat exchange station; energy production equipment, including a combined heat and power unit CHP that generates both electricity and heat; a distributed gas unit for providing electricity; a distributed photovoltaic unit that provides renewable energy electricity; a gas boiler for thermal energy production; and energy storage equipment, including a battery for storing electricity to balance the relationship between supply and demand. pool; heat storage tank for storing thermal energy; carbon capture and storage equipment CCUS for capturing carbon dioxide generated within the system and reducing carbon emissions by storage; user-side equipment, including load aggregators that are independent entities responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and providing it to downstream loads to meet user-side energy needs; and electric-to-heat equipment that converts electrical energy into thermal energy; control systems that flexibly control energy production, conversion and storage equipment to adjust electrical and thermal energy demands according to supply conditions; and carbon emission management systems that are used to calculate and evaluate carbon emissions, identify high-carbon emission links and handle them.

[0157] The main steps of the control method of the electricity-carbon synergistic integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users include:

[0158] S1. Analysis of user-side subjective initiative and multi-energy complementary characteristics:

[0159] Collect and identify users who can adjust their energy usage habits according to their own needs and energy price factors, and analyze the multi-energy complementary characteristics on the user side, that is, users can meet their energy needs through electrical energy and thermal energy, and use energy conversion equipment to achieve conversion between different energy forms;

[0160] S2. Establish a typical aggregator demand response model:

[0161] According to the different characteristics of user-side loads, two typical aggregator demand response models are established:

[0162] The first category is the load without the deployment of distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production units, which is aggregated and optimized uniformly through load aggregators;

[0163] The second category is the loads that deploy distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production equipment, which can independently produce electricity and heat;

[0164] S3. Construct a comprehensive demand response control method:

[0165] Based on two typical load scenarios, a comprehensive demand response control method is constructed to adjust energy demand according to supply conditions by flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment. Three comprehensive demand response control strategies are introduced: energy allocation ratio adjustment strategy on demand, energy conversion substitution strategy and energy dynamic storage strategy to achieve a balance between supply and demand.

[0166] S4. Introduce full-cycle carbon footprint constraints to promote carbon emission reduction in all aspects of energy production, conversion and storage;

[0167] S5. Implement coordinated regulation of electricity and carbon:

[0168] Combined with the linkage between electricity and carbon emissions, electricity-carbon coordinated regulation is implemented; by comprehensively considering electricity supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emission factors, the optimal energy production and conversion strategy is formulated; during the regulation process, according to the real-time electricity price, carbon emission price and user demand factors, the operation of energy production and conversion equipment is flexibly adjusted to achieve economical and low-carbon operation of the integrated energy system;

[0169] S6. Continuous optimization and adjustment:

[0170] Based on system operation conditions and user feedback, continuously optimize and adjust the comprehensive demand response regulation method and electricity-carbon coordinated regulation strategy.

[0171] Embodiment 1: The system and method of the present invention are described below through specific implementation cases.

[0172] In this embodiment, the structure of the comprehensive energy system is as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, for the regional electric and thermal integrated energy system, the power supply network is generally a distribution network, which is connected to the transmission network to purchase electricity; the heating network includes a water supply network and a return network, and heat exchange is achieved at the heat source and the user through a heat exchange station. The system power supply equipment includes electric and thermal coupling equipment, cogeneration units, distributed gas units, and distributed photovoltaics; heating equipment includes cogeneration units and gas boilers; energy storage equipment includes batteries and heat storage tanks. In order to reduce carbon emission intensity, carbon capture and storage equipment is configured in the integrated energy system, as shown in the attached Figure 2 The carbon footprint constraints of the entire life cycle of the source, grid, load and storage are considered in the optimization operation model. In the internal autonomous balance optimization operation, gas equipment needs to emit carbon when generating electricity, and carbon capture equipment needs electricity to capture carbon. There is a linkage between electricity and carbon. Through the synergistic linkage between electricity and carbon, the economic and low-carbon operation of the integrated energy system can be achieved.

[0173] 1. Establishing the first type of load aggregator demand response model

[0174] The first category is the load without distributed CHP and other energy production units. Typical load scenarios include ordinary residents and commercial buildings, such as the attached Figure 3This type of load requires input of electrical energy through the power system and thermal energy through the district heating system. It can also convert electrical energy into thermal energy through household appliances such as air conditioners and electric heat pumps, thus having a certain degree of demand-side flexibility.

[0175] Since the individual planning scale of the first category of loads is generally small, the energy demand is small and the flexibility is limited, the concept of load aggregator is introduced to conduct aggregate management and unified optimization of the first category of loads.

[0176] As an independent entity, the load aggregator is responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and providing it to downstream loads to meet the energy needs of users. Figure 4 The demand-side energy flow relationship without the deployment of CHP energy production equipment is shown.

[0177] 1. Load Aggregator Energy Demand Model

[0178] ① The power demand of the load aggregator is equal to the sum of the power demand of all sub-loads, which can be described as:

[0179]

[0180] Where: j∈Θ i represents the set of all sub-load individuals served by load aggregator i; L E，j is the power demand of load j.

[0181] ② The heat demand of the load aggregation company can be calculated from the heating network and the return network, which is described as:

[0182] L H，i =m i ·c w ·(τ s -τ r )

[0183] Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline (m 3 / h), c w represents the specific heat capacity of water (J / (kg℃)); τ s and τ r They represent the supply water temperature (°C) and return water temperature (°C) respectively.

[0184] 2. Dynamic model of heating network

[0185] ① The district heating system uses hot water or hot steam as the heat transfer medium. After the heat medium is heated by heat production units such as CHP units, it is transferred to the user side by the heating network.

[0186] During the transmission of the heat medium (assuming hot water), the temperature in the heat pipe network changes with time and space, which can be expressed by a partial differential equation, as described by:

[0187]

[0188] Where: T g is the ambient temperature; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline; T x，t is the pipe temperature at time t at a distance x from the beginning of the pipe; m is the microelement Δx water flow; C p is the specific heat capacity.

[0189] ②Inflow temperature τ on the load side in , outflow temperature τ out and water supply temperature τ s , return water temperature τ r The relationship is described as:

[0190]

[0191]

[0192] Where: l s and l r are the lengths of the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe, respectively. Usually, they can be considered as l s = l r =1; h is the thermal conductivity (W / (m℃)); T g is the ambient temperature.

[0193] ③The heat transfer loss is related to the total water flow, ambient temperature, heat pipe length, etc. The heat transfer loss is described as:

[0194]

[0195] ④The total water flow of the heating network is equal to the sum of the inflows on each sub-load side, which can be described as:

[0196]

[0197] Where: m j It is the sub-load body, the hot water flow rate flowing into it.

[0198] ⑤Define the rated water flow coefficient R j , hot water flow rate m j Described as being controlled by the rated water flow coefficient:

[0199]

[0200] Where: R j Design parameter for rated water flow.

[0201] 3. Power balance of power system

[0202] The power demand of the load can be divided into heating demand and non-heating demand. Non-heating demand includes the power demand of electrical appliances such as lighting and fans. The power demand is the sum of heating demand and non-heating demand, which can be described as:

[0203] L E，j =L ES，j +L E0，j

[0204] Where: L E，j is the total electric energy demand on the load side, L ES，j is the power consumption of the electric heat conversion equipment, L E0，j It is a rigid electrical load.

[0205] 4. Heating system power balance

[0206] ① The heat energy demand of the load is positively correlated with the temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature. For a building area and the same load, the greater the temperature difference, the more heat energy the load requires. The load indoor temperature is uniformly controlled by the load aggregator. It is assumed that the load aggregator adopts a unified control strategy to ensure that the indoor temperature of each load is the same and within the comfortable temperature range, which can be described as:

[0207] L H0，j =H j ·V j ·(τ set -T g )

[0208] Where: L H0，j represents the total heat energy required by load j to maintain the indoor temperature, H j is the unit volume heat capacity of load j (W / (m 3 ℃)), V j Building volume (m 3 ); τ set To set the temperature.

[0209] ②The heat energy flowing into sub-load body j can be divided into two parts, one is the heat energy generated by the electric heat conversion equipment, and the other is the heat energy injected by the district heating system. The total heat energy describes the sum of the above two parts:

[0210] H IN，j =H ES，j +H NET，j =α j ·L ES，j +m j ·c w ·(τ in -τ out )

[0211] Where: H ES，j and H NET,jThey represent the heat energy generated by electricity-to-heat conversion and the heat energy injected by the district heating system; α j Expressed as conversion efficiency.

[0212] ③ Partial differential equations are used to describe the relationship between the internal temperature of the building and the building's thermal parameters, input heating, and external ambient temperature, while taking into account ventilation and heat dissipation and heat transfer through the building structure.

[0213] Then the changes of indoor air temperature and building structure temperature of building j are described as:

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217] ④ Setting the upper and lower limits of the indoor temperature can be described as:

[0218]

[0219] Where: and Respectively represent the internal temperature of the building and the temperature of the building wall structure; and They represent the heat capacity parameters of the building’s internal environment and wall structure respectively; and They represent the heat conduction parameters of building ventilation, indoor wall and wall-outdoor respectively; is the initial setting value of indoor temperature; σ OB is the allowable fluctuation range of indoor temperature, Represents the heating load of indoor space in a building.

[0220] 2. Establishing the second type of load aggregator demand response model

[0221] The second type of load is the distributed CHP energy production equipment deployed in the integrated energy system. The user's load demand does not need to be provided with heat energy by the regional heating system, but only needs to be connected to the power system. Typical application scenarios are mainly industrial parks, hospitals and other loads with certain energy production and storage capabilities.

[0222] Since distributed CHP units are deployed as heat sources, they are connected to primary energy systems such as natural gas systems and obtain energy from them. Figure 5 Schematic diagram of load demand for deploying distributed CHP energy production equipment.

[0223] The load side uses the energy injected by the power system and the natural gas system to produce the required electricity and heat energy using power devices, distributed CHP, boilers and other equipment to meet various needs. Due to the small size of the space and the short length of the power line, the power transmission loss can be ignored. On the contrary, the heat loss is often high, so it needs to be considered in the energy model.

[0224] Figure 6 and Figure 7 They are respectively represented as a schematic diagram of the load demand side model structure with distributed CHP devices based on the energy center and a schematic diagram of heat loss during heat transmission. The heat energy transmission loss can be described as:

[0225]

[0226] Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline (m 3 / h), c w represents the specific heat capacity of water (J / (kg℃)); τ si and τ ri They represent the supply water temperature (°C) and return water temperature (°C) respectively.

[0227] Since the temperature of the water in the pipe decreases exponentially during the transmission process, it can be approximately replaced by:

[0228] τ s，i′ =(τ s，i -τ a )·(1-h·l s / m i c w )+τ o

[0229] τ r，i′ =(τ r，i -τ a )·(1+h·l r / m i c w )+τ o

[0230] Therefore, from the above, we can see that the overall loss in the heat conduction process is

[0231]

[0232] 3. Comprehensive demand response control method

[0233] By flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment, energy demand, including electricity demand and natural gas demand, can be adjusted according to supply conditions, adopting the following three comprehensive demand response control strategies:

[0234] 1. Adjust the energy allocation ratio strategy as needed. Flexibly adjust the allocation ratio of natural gas consumption in distributed CHP units and gas boilers to supply the electrical and thermal energy required by the load in different ways.

[0235] Define r as the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro CHP unit to the total natural gas injected. By adjusting the ratio r, the power demand can be adjusted while meeting the load demand. The balance of power and heat energy on both the supply and demand sides can be described as:

[0236] β GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i

[0237]

[0238] 0≤r≤1

[0239] Where: r is the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro CHP unit to the total natural gas injected; β GE is the power generation efficiency of gas turbine; P G，i is the amount of natural gas injected; P E，i is the electrical energy input power; L E，i Response to user's electricity load demand; GH is the heating efficiency of the CHP unit; L H，i Provide heat load demand response for users; is the heat load loss.

[0240] 2. Energy conversion substitution strategy. Convert part of the heat demand to the electric heat conversion equipment, and convert part of the heat demand to the electric energy demand. Through the electric heat conversion device, the electric energy is directly converted into the required heat energy. Then the balance of electric energy and heat energy on both the source and load supply and demand sides is further relaxed to:

[0241] β GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i +LE S,i

[0242]

[0243] P ES，i =β GE ·L ES,i

[0244] 0≤r≤1

[0245] L eh，i,min ≤L eh，i ≤L eh，i,max

[0246] 3. Energy dynamic storage strategy. Take the building as a natural heat storage medium to store thermal energy, use the thermal inertia of the building as the heat storage medium, and use the thermal dynamic model of the building as the heat storage model. In this case, the balance constraints of electricity and heat energy on both the supply and demand sides will be relaxed to:

[0247] β GE ·r·P G，i +β EE ·P E，i =L E，i +L ES,i

[0248]

[0249] P ES，i =β GE ·L ES,i

[0250]

[0251]

[0252] τ a,min ≤τ a ≤τ a，max

[0253] 0≤r≤1

[0254] L ES,i，min ≤L ES，i ≤L ES,i，max

[0255] Where: τ a，min and τ a，max is the threshold of comfortable temperature.

[0256] 4. Carbon footprint constraints based on the entire life cycle

[0257] The integrated energy system has multiple carbon emission sources, and the carbon emission intensity of different carbon emission sources at different stages is significantly different. Table 1 summarizes the carbon emissions at each stage of the integrated energy system.

[0258] Table 1 Carbon emissions of the integrated energy system throughout its life cycle

[0259] Carbon emission sources manufacture Construction (including transportation) run scrapped Photovoltaic, wind power, energy storage √ √ × √ Gas turbines, gas boilers × × √ / Purchase of electricity and heat × × √ /

[0260] The traditional carbon emission calculation method only considers carbon emissions during the operation phase. The carbon emission sources include gas turbines, gas boilers and external electricity purchases, and the carbon absorption pathway includes CCUS technology. The accounting model is described as follows:

[0261]

[0262] Where: t is the time scale, T is the period, E co2，t is the carbon dioxide emissions calculated by traditional methods, E GT，t is the carbon dioxide emission of the gas turbine, E GB，t is the carbon dioxide emission of the gas boiler, Carbon emissions from externally purchased electricity, is the amount of carbon dioxide captured.

[0263] Based on the above two typical load scenarios, the present invention considers the carbon footprint accounting method of the whole life cycle assessment, supplements and expands the traditional method, and the time scale spans from equipment manufacturing to equipment retirement and scrapping, and fully considers the emission reduction effect. The present invention combines the emission coefficient method and the life cycle assessment method to calculate the carbon footprint, which is described as:

[0264]

[0265] Where: is the carbon footprint of the integrated energy system; E WT，t 、E PV，t 、E ES，t They are the carbon emissions of wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage, which can be calculated by the carbon emission factors of each output power and life cycle assessment.

[0266] The carbon footprint constraint is added to the two typical user comprehensive demand response models based on the integrated energy system established by the present invention, which are described as follows:

[0267]

[0268] Where: It is the upper limit of system carbon emissions within the cycle.

[0269] This embodiment considers the user side and the energy supply side, and innovatively designs a flexible demand regulation method for users of an integrated energy system that considers electricity-carbon synergy based on the "electricity-carbon-multi-energy" demand coordinated response mechanism. Taking into account the subjective initiative of the user side, taking into account the complementary characteristics of multiple energies on the user side, the personalized energy preferences of users are analyzed; two typical aggregator demand response models are constructed in combination with multiple spatiotemporal scales to accurately match the power characteristics of different subjects, ensure that the multi-energy flow is efficiently configured in dynamic balance, introduce strict constraints on the full-cycle carbon footprint, and promote each link of energy production, conversion and storage to maximize flexibility and efficiency while reducing carbon emissions; integrating the flexibility of multi-energy allocation, the cascade utilization of alternative energy, and dynamic energy storage technology, a comprehensive demand response regulation method is constructed, which not only highlights the intelligent allocation and optimal utilization of energy, but also emphasizes the synergistic effect of electricity and carbon emission management, providing a new perspective and solution for energy conservation, emission reduction, and green and low-carbon.

[0270] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users, characterized in that: The system includes: Energy supply network, including power supply network and heating network. The power supply network is a distribution network, which is connected to the transmission network to purchase electricity from outside; The heating network includes a water supply network and a return network, and heat exchange is achieved at the heat source and the user through a heat exchange station; Energy production equipment, including combined heat and power (CHP) units that generate both electricity and heat; distributed gas units for providing electricity; distributed photovoltaic units that provide renewable energy electricity; and gas boilers for heat production; Energy storage equipment, including batteries for storing electrical energy to balance supply and demand; thermal storage tanks for storing thermal energy; and carbon capture and storage equipment (CCUS) for capturing carbon dioxide generated within the system and reducing carbon emissions by storing it; User-side equipment, including load aggregators, which are independent entities responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and supplying it to downstream loads to meet the energy needs of the user side; and power-to-heat equipment that converts electrical energy into thermal energy; Control systems that adjust the demand for electrical and thermal energy to supply conditions by flexibly controlling energy generation, conversion and storage equipment; Carbon emission management system, used to calculate and evaluate carbon emissions, identify high carbon emission links and deal with them; Control methods include: S1. Analysis of user-side subjective initiative and multi-energy complementary characteristics: Collect and identify users who can adjust their energy usage habits according to their own needs and energy price factors, and analyze the multi-energy complementary characteristics on the user side, that is, users can meet their energy needs through electrical energy and thermal energy, and use energy conversion equipment to achieve conversion between different energy forms; S2. Establish a typical aggregator demand response model: According to the different characteristics of user-side loads, two typical aggregator demand response models are established: The first category is the load without the deployment of distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production units, which is managed and optimized uniformly through load aggregators; The second category is the loads that deploy distributed combined heat and power (CHP) energy production equipment, which can independently produce electricity and heat; S3. Construct a comprehensive demand response control method: Based on two typical load scenarios, a comprehensive demand response control method is constructed to adjust energy demand according to supply conditions by flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment. Three comprehensive demand response control strategies are introduced: energy allocation ratio adjustment strategy on demand, energy conversion substitution strategy and energy dynamic storage strategy to achieve a balance between supply and demand. S4. Introduce full-cycle carbon footprint constraints to promote carbon emission reduction in all aspects of energy production, conversion and storage; S5. Implement coordinated regulation of electricity and carbon: Combined with the linkage between electricity and carbon emissions, electricity-carbon coordinated regulation is implemented; by comprehensively considering electricity supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emission factors, the optimal energy production and conversion strategy is formulated; during the regulation process, according to the real-time electricity price, carbon emission price and user demand factors, the operation of energy production and conversion equipment is flexibly adjusted to achieve economical and low-carbon operation of the integrated energy system; S6. Continuous optimization and adjustment: Based on system operation conditions and user feedback, continuously optimize and adjust the comprehensive demand response regulation method and electricity-carbon coordinated regulation strategy.

2. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S2 includes: S21. Establish a demand response model for the first-class load aggregator: Introduce the concept of load aggregator to aggregate and uniformly optimize the first-class loads; as an independent entity, the load aggregator is responsible for purchasing energy from the energy market and providing it to downstream loads to meet the energy needs of users; S211, Load Aggregator Energy Demand Model: The energy demand of the load aggregator is the sum of the energy demand of all individual sub-loads, which is described as: Where: j∈Θ i represents the set of all sub-load individuals served by load aggregator i; L E，j is the power demand of load j; The heat demand of the load aggregator is calculated from the heating network and the return network and is described as: L H，i =m i ·c w ·(t s -t r ) Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline m 3 / h,c w Represents the specific heat capacity of water J / kg℃; τ s and τ r Represents the supply water temperature ℃ and return water temperature ℃ respectively; S212, dynamic model of heating network: The district heating system uses hot water or hot steam as the heat transfer medium. The heat medium is heated by the CHP heat energy production unit of the combined heat and power unit and then transferred to the user side by the heating network. Assuming that the heat medium is hot water during the transmission process, the temperature variation in the heat pipe network over time and space can be expressed by a partial differential equation, which is described as: Where: T g is the ambient temperature; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the pipeline; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipeline; T x，t is the pipe temperature at time t at a distance x from the beginning of the pipe; m is the microelement Δx water flow; C p is the specific heat capacity; Load side inflow temperature τ in , outflow temperature τ out and water supply temperature τ s , return water temperature τ r The relationship is described as: Where: l s and l r are the lengths of the hot water supply pipe and the return pipe, respectively. Usually, they can be considered as l s = l r =1; h is the thermal conductivity W / m℃; T g is the ambient temperature; The heat transfer loss is related to the total water flow, ambient temperature, and heat pipe length. The heat transfer loss is described as: The total water flow of the heating network is the sum of the inflows on each sub-load side, which is described as: Where: m j is the hot water flow rate flowing into sub-load body j; Definition of Rated Water Flow Coefficient R j , hot water flow rate m j Described as being controlled by the rated water flow coefficient: Where: R j Design parameters for rated water flow; S213, Power system power balance: The power demand of the load can be divided into heating demand and non-heating demand; non-heating demand includes the power demand of lighting, fans and electrical appliances. The power demand is the sum of heating demand and non-heating demand, which can be described as: L E，j =L ES，j +L EO,j Where: L E，j is the total electric energy demand on the load side, L ES，j is the power consumption of the electric heat conversion equipment, L EO，j is a rigid electrical load; S214, Heating system power balance The heat energy demand of the load is positively correlated with the temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the ambient temperature. For a building area and a load with the same structure, the greater the temperature difference, the more heat energy the load requires. The indoor temperature of the load is uniformly controlled by the load aggregator. It is believed that the load aggregator adopts a unified control strategy to ensure that the indoor temperature of each load is the same and within the comfortable temperature range, which can be described as: L HO，j =H j ·V j ·(τ set -T g ) Where: L HO，j represents the total heat energy required by load j to maintain the indoor temperature, H j is the unit volume heat capacity of load j W / m 3 ℃,V j Building volume m 3 ; τ set To set the temperature; The heat energy flowing into sub-load body j can be divided into two parts, one is the heat energy generated by the electric heat conversion equipment, and the other is the heat energy injected by the district heating system. The total heat energy describes the sum of the above two parts: H IN，j =H ES，j +H NET，j =a j ·L ES，j +m j ·c w ·(t in -t out ) Where: H ES,j and H NET,j They represent the heat energy generated by electricity-to-heat conversion and the heat energy injected by the district heating system; α j Expressed as conversion efficiency; Partial differential equations are used to describe the relationship between the internal temperature of the building and the thermal parameters of the building, the input heating, and the external ambient temperature, while taking into account the heat dissipation by ventilation and the heat transfer process through the building structure; Then the changes of indoor air temperature and building structure temperature of building j are described as: The upper and lower limits of the indoor temperature can be set as follows: Where: and Respectively represent the internal temperature of the building and the temperature of the building wall structure; and They represent the heat capacity parameters of the building’s internal environment and wall structure respectively; and They represent the heat conduction parameters of building ventilation, indoor wall and wall-outdoor respectively; is the initial setting value of indoor temperature; σ OB is the allowable fluctuation range of indoor temperature, Indicates the heating load of indoor space in a building; S22. Establish the second type of load aggregator demand response model: Distributed combined heat and power (CHP) units are deployed as heat sources, connected to the primary energy system and obtain energy from it; the load side uses the energy injected by the power system and the natural gas system, and uses power consumption devices, distributed combined heat and power (CHP) units, and boiler equipment to produce the required electricity and heat energy to meet various needs; due to the small spatial scale and short power line length, the power transmission loss can be ignored; on the contrary, the heat loss is often high, so it needs to be considered in the energy model; The heat transfer loss can be described as: Where: m i Indicates the water flow rate of the heating pipeline m 3 / h,c w Represents the specific heat capacity of water J / kg℃; τ si and τ ri Represents the supply water temperature ℃ and return water temperature ℃ respectively; Since the temperature of the water in the pipe decreases exponentially during the transmission process, it can be approximately replaced by: t s，i′ =(t s，i -t a )·(1-h·l s / m i c w )+τ o t r，i′ =(t r，i -t a )·(1+h·l r / m i c w )+τ o Therefore, from the above, we can see that the overall loss in the heat conduction process is 3. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S3 includes: By flexibly controlling energy production, conversion and storage equipment, it can adjust its energy demand, including electricity demand and natural gas demand, according to supply conditions and formulate a comprehensive demand response regulation strategy: S31. Formulate strategies to adjust energy allocation ratios on demand; flexibly adjust the allocation ratio of natural gas consumption in distributed cogeneration units (CHP) and gas boilers to supply the electricity and heat energy required by the load in different ways; Define r as the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit to the total natural gas injected. By adjusting the ratio r, the power demand can be adjusted while meeting the load demand. The power and heat balance on both the supply and demand sides can be described as: b GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i 0≤r≤1 Where: r is the ratio of natural gas consumed by the micro CHP unit to the total natural gas injected; β GE is the power generation efficiency of gas turbine; P G，i is the amount of natural gas injected; P E，i is the electrical energy input power; L E，i Response to user's electricity load demand; GH is the CHP heating efficiency of the combined heat and power unit; L H，i Provide heat load demand response for users; is the heat load loss; S32. Formulate energy conversion substitution strategies; convert part of the heat demand to the electric heat conversion equipment, and convert part of the heat demand into electric energy demand; through the electric heat conversion device, the electric energy is directly converted into the required heat energy; then the balance of electric energy and heat energy on both the source and load supply and demand sides is further relaxed to: β GE ·r·P G，i +P E，i =L E，i +L ES,i P ES，i =b GE ·L ES，i 0≤r≤1 L eh，i，min ≤L eh，i ≤L eh，i，max S33. Formulate dynamic energy storage strategies; The building is used as a natural heat storage medium to store thermal energy, the thermal inertia of the building is used as the heat storage medium, and the thermal dynamic model of the building is used as the heat storage model; in this case, the balance constraints of electricity and heat energy on both the supply and demand sides will be relaxed as follows: b GE ·r·P G，i +b EE ·P E，i =L E，i +L ES，i P ES，i =b GE ·L ES，i t a，min ≤τ a ≤τ a，max 0≤r≤1 L ES，i，min ≤L ES，i ≤L ES，i，max Where: τ a，min and τ a，max is the threshold of comfortable temperature.

4. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S4 includes: The carbon footprint is calculated by combining the emission factor method and the life cycle assessment method, which is described as: Where: is the carbon footprint of the integrated energy system; E WT，t 、E PV，t 、E ES，t These are the carbon emissions of wind power, photovoltaic power, and energy storage, which are calculated by the carbon emission factors of each output power and life cycle assessment. Two typical user integrated demand response models based on integrated energy systems are established and carbon footprint constraints are added, which are described as: Where: It is the upper limit of system carbon emissions within the cycle.

5. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S5 includes: S51. Clarify the linkage between electricity and carbon emissions: S52. Comprehensive consideration of power supply, energy conversion, energy storage and carbon emission factors: S53. Develop optimal energy production and conversion strategies: S54. Flexibly adjust the operation of energy production and conversion equipment.

6. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S51 includes: S511. Analyze the direct relationship between electricity production and carbon emissions, and determine the electricity output and corresponding carbon emissions of different energy production equipment, including combined heat and power units (CHP), distributed gas units, distributed photovoltaics, etc.; S512, assessing the carbon emission coefficient of each device, that is, the carbon emission generated per unit of electrical energy output; S513, calculating the total power output and its corresponding total carbon emissions according to the real-time power supply situation; S514. Predict fluctuations in electricity supply over a period of time in the future and assess potential changes in carbon emissions accordingly.

7. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S52 includes: S521. Evaluate electricity supply: monitor the real-time price and supply of purchased electricity, including electricity purchased from the transmission grid; evaluate the electricity production capacity and cost of local energy production equipment, including combined heat and power (CHP) units and distributed gas units; S522. Analyze energy conversion efficiency and carbon emissions: Evaluate the conversion efficiency of energy conversion equipment such as electric-to-heat equipment and gas boilers and their corresponding carbon emissions; determine the impact of different links in the energy conversion process on carbon emissions; S523. Consider the use of energy storage equipment: Evaluate the energy storage status of batteries and thermal storage tanks, and their regulatory role in the balance between electricity and thermal energy supply and demand; set charging and discharging strategies for energy storage equipment to balance supply and demand and reduce carbon emissions; S524. Consider the role of carbon capture and storage equipment CCUS: evaluate the capture efficiency and storage capacity of CCUS equipment, and calculate its contribution to reducing system carbon emissions; incorporate CCUS equipment into the regulation scope of the integrated energy system to further reduce carbon emissions.

8. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S53 includes: S531. Optimize energy production mix: flexibly adjust the operating load of each energy production equipment according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user needs; give priority to the use of renewable energy and low-carbon emission equipment, and reduce the operating time of high-carbon emission equipment; S532. Adjust energy conversion strategy: flexibly adjust the operating power of power-to-heat equipment according to changes in user demand to balance the supply and demand of thermal energy; consider introducing more renewable energy in the energy conversion process to reduce dependence on traditional energy; S533. Optimize the utilization of energy storage equipment: control the charging and discharging time of energy storage equipment, balance supply and demand and reduce carbon emissions; charge during low electricity price periods and discharge during high electricity price periods to reduce overall operating costs.

9. The method for controlling an electric-carbon integrated energy system considering the flexible needs of users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The specific process of step S54 includes: real-time monitoring and adjustment: real-time monitoring of the operating status of power supply, energy conversion and energy storage equipment through an intelligent control system; timely adjustment of equipment operating parameters according to real-time electricity prices, carbon emission prices and user demand changes.

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