Water suspension main shaft structure with external throttler for machine tool

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool spindles, and particularly relates to a water suspension spindle structure with an external throttler for a machine tool, a spindle body penetrates through a spindle box body and is rotatably connected into the spindle box body, an air inlet rear cover and a water inlet rear cover are detachably connected to the spindle box body, and the air inlet rear cover is arranged between the spindle box body and the water inlet rear cover; a rear floating disc locking nut is in threaded connection with the main shaft body, a rear floating disc body is arranged between the rear floating disc locking nut and the main shaft body, a plurality of axial throttlers and radial throttlers are arranged on the air inlet rear cover in the circumferential direction, a hydraulic water inlet is formed in the water inlet rear cover, and the air inlet rear cover is provided with annular grooves communicated with the axial throttlers and the radial throttlers. The spindle box body is simple in structure, reliable in control and simple in using method, under the action of throttled water pressure, the spindle box body suspends the spindle and the rear floating disc, constraint on the spindle is formed, and therefore the rotating precision and stability of the spindle are guaranteed, and the precision of parts produced and machined by a machine tool can be further guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tool spindles, and in particular relates to a water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the demand for various machine tools is increasing day by day, and the precision requirements for machine tools are getting higher and higher. The traditional manual or semi-automatic operation methods cannot meet the needs of the development of science and technology today. In the precision processing of products by lathe, milling, grinding and other machine tools, the stability of the spindle rotation and the degree of spindle wear determine the processing accuracy of the product;

[0003] The spindle of the machine tool equipment in the prior art is mainly supported by bearings, which has serious mechanical friction and wear. As the processing time increases, the stability of the spindle rotation deteriorates, the processing accuracy and qualified rate of the product will decrease, and the production cost will further increase.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention designs a throttle externally mounted water-suspended spindle structure for a machine tool to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for machine tools, which solves the technical problems that the spindle of the machine tool equipment in the prior art mainly relies on bearing mechanical support, suffers from severe mechanical friction and wear, and as the processing time increases, the smoothness of the spindle rotation deteriorates, the processing accuracy and qualified rate of the product will decrease accordingly, and the production cost will further increase.

[0006] The scheme adopted by the present invention is: a throttle external water suspension spindle structure for a machine tool, comprising a spindle body and a spindle housing, characterized in that: the spindle body passes through the spindle housing and is rotatably connected to the spindle housing, an air intake rear cover and a water intake rear cover are detachably connected to the spindle housing, and the air intake rear cover is arranged between the spindle housing and the water intake rear cover;

[0007] The main shaft body is threadedly connected with a rear floating plate locking nut, a rear floating plate body is arranged between the rear floating plate locking nut and the main shaft body, a plurality of axial throttles and radial throttles are arranged on the air intake rear cover along the circumferential direction, a hydraulic water inlet is arranged on the water intake rear cover, and the air intake rear cover is provided with an annular groove communicating with the axial throttle and the radial throttle;

[0008] The spindle housing is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure chambers cooperating with the spindle body, an axial static pressure chamber is formed between the spindle housing and the rear floating plate and between the spindle housing and the spindle body, a radial water flow channel is formed on the spindle housing between the plurality of radial static pressure chambers and the radial throttle, and an axial water flow channel is formed on the spindle housing between the plurality of axial static pressure chambers and the axial throttle;

[0009] The spindle body is provided with a radial return channel communicating with the radial static pressure chamber, and the spindle housing is provided with an axial return channel communicating with the axial static pressure chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the air inlet rear cover and the spindle housing are provided with a rear cover air inlet joint and a housing air inlet joint respectively, an air sealing ring is provided between the spindle housing and the spindle, and a first air inlet passage is provided between the housing air inlet joint and the air sealing ring;

[0011] A rear cover sleeve is arranged between the spindle housing and the spindle body, and a second air inlet passage is arranged between the rear cover sleeve and the rear cover air inlet joint.

[0012] Preferably, the water inlet rear cover is provided with a fixture-controlled water inlet, the spindle body has a piston and a first water inlet pipe matched with the piston, and a second water inlet pipe communicating with the first water inlet pipe and matched with the fixture-controlled water inlet is provided between the air inlet rear cover and the spindle housing;

[0013] The spindle housing is provided with a water outlet pipe communicating with the second water inlet pipe, and the spindle housing is provided with a valve cooperating with the water outlet pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the end surface of the main shaft body is provided with a clamp that cooperates with the piston.

[0015] Preferably, the spindle box is provided with eight groups of radial static pressure chambers cooperating with the spindle body, wherein four groups of radial static pressure chambers are circumferentially spaced apart between the spindle body and one end of the spindle box, and the other four groups of radial static pressure chambers are circumferentially spaced apart between the spindle body and the other end of the spindle box.

[0016] Preferably, four groups of radial static pressure chambers are symmetrically arranged with respect to another four groups of radial static pressure chambers about the center of the spindle housing.

[0017] Preferably, the rear end of the main shaft is connected to a pulley, a coupling or a motor.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. It has extremely high concentricity, ultra-high axial runout accuracy and excellent damping characteristics, which enables the processed workpiece to obtain ultra-high surface quality and ensures extremely high stability and stable high-precision performance of the spindle.

[0020] 2. Another feature of the hydraulic suspension spindle is that water has extremely low viscosity and large specific heat capacity. Compared with the oil suspension spindle, it can achieve higher speed, lower heat rise, lower power loss, and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0021] 3. The bearing surfaces of the spindle are always separated from each other by a thin water film, with no mechanical wear and theoretically unlimited service life.

[0022] The present invention has a simple structure, reliable control and simple method of use. Under the action of throttled water pressure, the spindle box suspends the spindle and the rear floating plate and forms a constraint on the spindle, thereby ensuring the precision and stability of the spindle rotation, and further ensuring the precision of the machine tool in producing and processing parts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is one of the perspective views of the stereogram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is one of the right side schematic diagrams of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the section aa of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the section dd of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of section ff of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is the second right side schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the section bb of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the section cc of the present invention.

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a cross-sectional view of the section ee of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.10 It is a cross-sectional view of the section gg of the present invention.

[0033] Figure markings: 1. spindle body; 2. spindle housing; 3. air intake rear cover; 4. water intake rear cover; 5. rear float locking nut; 6. rear float body; 7. axial throttle; 8. radial throttle; 9. hydraulic water inlet; 10. annular groove; 11. radial static pressure chamber; 12. axial static pressure chamber; 13. radial water flow channel; 14. axial water flow channel; 15. radial return flow channel; 16. axial return flow channel; 17. rear cover air intake connector; 18. housing air intake connector; 19. air sealing ring; 20. first air intake channel; 21. rear cover sleeve; 22. second air intake channel; 23. fixture controls water inlet; 24. piston; 25. first water inlet pipe; 26. second water inlet pipe; 27. water outlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached Figure 1-10 The detailed description of the embodiments will clearly show that the structural contents mentioned in the following embodiments are all based on the drawings in the specification.

[0035] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Embodiment 1, a throttle external water suspension spindle structure for a machine tool, comprising a spindle body 1 and a spindle housing 2, characterized in that: the spindle body 1 passes through the spindle housing 2 and is rotatably connected to the spindle housing 2, an air intake rear cover 3 and a water intake rear cover 4 are detachably connected to the spindle housing 2, and the air intake rear cover 3 is arranged between the spindle housing 2 and the water intake rear cover 4;

[0037] The spindle body 1 is threadedly connected with a rear floating plate locking nut 5, a rear floating plate body 6 is arranged between the rear floating plate locking nut 5 and the spindle body 1, a plurality of axial throttles 7 and radial throttles 8 are circumferentially arranged on the air intake rear cover 3, a hydraulic water inlet 9 is arranged on the water intake rear cover 4, and the air intake rear cover 3 is provided with an annular groove 10 communicated with the axial throttle 7 and the radial throttle 8;

[0038] The spindle housing 2 is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure chambers 11 cooperating with the spindle body 1, an axial static pressure chamber 12 is formed between the spindle housing and the rear floating plate and between the spindle housing and the spindle body 1, a radial water flow channel 13 is formed on the spindle housing 2 between the plurality of radial static pressure chambers 11 and the radial throttle 8, and an axial water flow channel 14 is formed on the spindle housing 2 between the plurality of axial static pressure chambers 12 and the axial throttle 7;

[0039] The spindle body 1 is provided with a radial return channel 15 communicating with the radial static pressure chamber 11 , and the spindle housing 2 is provided with an axial return channel 16 communicating with the axial static pressure chamber 12 .

[0040] When in use, a path of high-pressure water flows from the hydraulic water inlet 9 on the water inlet rear cover 4 into the annular groove 10 in the air inlet rear cover 3. There is a diversion port in the annular groove 10, which corresponds to ten liquid static pressure chambers respectively. After the high-pressure water flows into the diversion port, it flows through the throttle arranged inside the air inlet rear cover 3, and after the throttling effect of the throttle, it passes through the radial water flow channel 13 on the spindle housing 2, and respectively enters the eight radial static pressure chambers 11 formed between the spindle body 1 and the spindle housing 2;

[0041] The water flows through the axial water channel 14 into the two axial static pressure chambers 12 formed by the spindle body 1, the spindle housing 2 and the rear floating plate; under the action of the throttled water pressure, the spindle housing 2 suspends the spindle body 1 and the rear floating plate body 6, and forms a constraint on the spindle body 1, thereby ensuring the precision and stability of the rotation of the spindle body 1, and further ensuring the precision of the machine tool in the production and processing of parts. The rear end of the spindle body 1 can be connected to a pulley, a coupling, a motor, etc. to drive the spindle body 1 to rotate;

[0042] During the reflux, the spindle body 1 is provided with a radial reflux channel 15 communicating with the radial static pressure chamber 11 , and the spindle housing 2 is provided with an axial reflux channel 16 communicating with the axial static pressure chamber 12 .

[0043] As an optional solution of embodiment 1, the spindle housing 2 is provided with eight groups of radial static pressure chambers 11 cooperating with the spindle body 1, wherein four groups of radial static pressure chambers 11 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction between the spindle body 1 and one end of the spindle housing 2, and the other four groups of radial static pressure chambers 11 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction between the spindle body 1 and the spindle housing 2 at the other end;

[0044] Four groups of radial static pressure chambers 11 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the spindle housing 2 with respect to the other four groups of radial static pressure chambers 11;

[0045] The rear end of the main shaft body 1 is connected to a pulley or a coupling or a motor.

[0046] Embodiment 2, a throttle external water suspension spindle structure for a machine tool, based on embodiment 1, the air intake rear cover 3 and the spindle housing 2 are respectively provided with a rear cover air intake joint 17 and a housing air intake joint 18, an air sealing ring 19 is provided between the spindle housing 2 and the spindle, and a first air intake channel 20 is provided between the housing air intake joint 18 and the air sealing ring 19;

[0047] A rear cover sleeve 21 is provided between the spindle housing 2 and the spindle body 1 , and a second air inlet passage 22 is provided between the rear cover sleeve 21 and the rear cover air inlet connector 17 .

[0048] When in use, compressed air enters the water inlet rear cover 4 and the spindle housing 2 through the first air inlet pipe 20 and the second air inlet pipe 22 from the rear cover air inlet joint 17 and the housing air inlet joint 18, and then reaches the air sealing ring 19 at the front end of the spindle body 1 and the air sealing ring 19 groove of the rear cover sleeve 21 at the rear end of the spindle; an air seal is formed between the front end of the spindle body 1 and the air sealing ring 19, and the gas moves radially along the gap between the ring groove and the shaft, part of which goes to the outside of the spindle housing 2 to prevent external dirt from entering the inside of the spindle body 1, and part of which goes to the inside of the spindle housing 2 to prevent the liquid in the spindle and the spindle housing 2 from flowing out and to promote the flow of return water; and the gas that enters the sealing ring groove between the rear end of the spindle body 1 and the rear cover sleeve 21 to form an air seal is mainly used to prevent external debris from entering the inside of the spindle body 1, so as to increase the service life of the spindle.

[0049] Embodiment 3, a throttle external water suspension spindle structure for a machine tool, based on Embodiment 1, the water inlet rear cover 4 is provided with a fixture control water inlet 23, the spindle body 1 has a piston 24 and a first water inlet pipe 25 matched with the piston 24, and a second water inlet pipe 26 matched with the fixture control water inlet 23;

[0050] The spindle housing 2 is provided with a water outlet pipe 27 communicating with the second water inlet pipe 26 , and the spindle housing 2 is provided with a valve cooperating with the water outlet pipe 27 .

[0051] As an optional solution of Example 3, the end face of the spindle body 1 is provided with a clamp that cooperates with the piston 24.

[0052] When in use, high-pressure water enters the water inlet rear cover 4 from the fixture control water inlet 23, directly enters the spindle housing 2 through the first water inlet pipe 25 and the second water inlet pipe 26, and then directly enters the interior of the rotating spindle body 1 from the annular channel in the spindle housing 2, thereby controlling the hydraulic piston 24 installed inside the spindle to push the clamp action or other actuators on the end surface of the spindle body 1;

[0053] When water is inletting, the valve is in a closed state, and water does not flow out along the outlet pipe 27. When the clamp or other actuator is driven to move in the reverse direction, the valve is driven, water flows back along the outlet pipe 27, and the clamp or other actuator moves in the reverse direction.

[0054] The clamp adopts a three-jaw chuck or other trigger clamps to realize the clamping function when the piston 24 moves, and realize the reverse clamping function when the piston 24 moves in the reverse direction.

[0055] The above description is only for illustrating the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various variations that conform to the concept of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-suspended spindle structure with an external throttle for a machine tool, comprising a spindle body (1) and a spindle housing (2), characterized in that: The spindle body (1) passes through the spindle housing (2) and is rotatably connected to the spindle housing (2); an air intake rear cover (3) and a water intake rear cover (4) are detachably connected to the spindle housing (2); the air intake rear cover (3) is arranged between the spindle housing (2) and the water intake rear cover (4); The main shaft body (1) is threadedly connected with a rear floating plate locking nut (5), a rear floating plate body (6) is arranged between the rear floating plate locking nut (5) and the main shaft body (1), a plurality of axial throttles (7) and radial throttles (8) are circumferentially arranged on the air intake rear cover (3), a hydraulic water inlet (9) is arranged on the water intake rear cover (4), and the air intake rear cover (3) is provided with an annular groove (10) communicating with the axial throttle (7) and the radial throttle (8); The spindle housing (2) is provided with a plurality of radial static pressure chambers (11) cooperating with the spindle body (1); an axial static pressure chamber (12) is formed between the spindle housing (2) and the rear floating plate body (6) and between the spindle housing (2) and the spindle body (1); a radial water flow channel (13) is formed on the spindle housing (2) between the plurality of radial static pressure chambers (11) and the radial throttle (8); an axial water flow channel (14) is formed on the spindle housing (2) between the plurality of axial static pressure chambers (12) and the axial throttle (7); The spindle body (1) is provided with a radial return channel (15) communicating with the radial static pressure chamber (11), and the spindle housing (2) is provided with an axial return channel (16) communicating with the axial static pressure chamber (12).

2. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake rear cover (3) and the spindle housing (2) are provided with a rear cover air intake joint (17) and a housing air intake joint (18), respectively; an air sealing ring (19) is provided between the spindle housing (2) and the spindle; and a first air intake passage (20) is provided between the housing air intake joint (18) and the air sealing ring (19); A rear cover sleeve (21) is provided between the spindle housing (2) and the spindle body (1), and a second air intake passage (22) is provided between the rear cover sleeve (21) and the rear cover air intake joint (17).

3. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet rear cover (4) is provided with a fixture-controlled water inlet (23), the spindle body (1) is provided with a piston (24) and a first water inlet pipe (25) matched with the piston (24), and a second water inlet pipe (26) is provided between the air inlet rear cover (3) and the spindle housing (2) and is communicated with the first water inlet pipe (25) and matched with the fixture-controlled water inlet (23); The spindle housing (2) is provided with a water outlet pipe (27) communicating with the second water inlet pipe (26), and the spindle housing (2) is provided with a valve cooperating with the water outlet pipe (27).

4. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The end surface of the main shaft body (1) is provided with a clamp that matches the piston (24).

5. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spindle housing (2) is provided with eight groups of radial static pressure chambers (11) cooperating with the spindle body (1), wherein four groups of radial static pressure chambers (11) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction between the spindle body (1) and one end of the spindle housing (2), and the other four groups of radial static pressure chambers (11) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction between the spindle body (1) and the other end of the spindle housing (2).

6. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to claim 5, characterized in that: Four groups of radial static pressure chambers (11) are symmetrically arranged with respect to another four groups of radial static pressure chambers (11) about the center of the spindle housing (2).

7. The throttle external water suspension spindle structure for machine tools according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The rear end of the main shaft body (1) is connected to a pulley or a coupling or a motor.

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