Composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises at least one layer of fabric and gel, the fabric comprises a plurality of unit cell particles which are mutually nested and connected, each unit cell particle is a frame body, and the frame of each frame body is closed; each layer of fabric is coated with the gel, and frames of all unit cell particles in each layer of fabric are filled with the gel. According to the composite material, the fabric is coated and filled with the gel, so that the fabric can be formed and continuously kept in a certain state, the application of the fabric is facilitated, and the application field is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When chain mail fabric is not subjected to external forces, its unit structure has a certain amount of free movement space within the interlocking interval, which makes it flexible and variable in structure and strength, and can be used as a good mechanical material. However, there is currently a lack of technology that can keep chain mail fabric at a certain strength. Aerogel has the ability to shape other materials, but research on mechanical materials based on the composite of the above two materials has not yet been reported. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application discloses a composite material and a preparation method, which can realize the molding of fabric and keep the fabric in a certain strength state continuously. The composite material obtained by combining fabric and gel has broad application prospects.

[0004] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a composite material comprising at least one layer of fabric and a gel;

[0006] The fabric comprises a plurality of mutually nested and connected single-cell particles, each of the single-cell particles is a frame, and the frame of each frame is closed;

[0007] The gel covers the at least one layer of fabric and fills the frames of all the unit cell particles in the at least one layer of fabric.

[0008] The composite material includes at least one layer of fabric and gel. The fabric includes a plurality of mutually nested and connected single-cell particles, each of which is a frame structure, and the frame of each frame is closed. The gel covers the entire fabric and fills the frames of all the single-cell particles in the fabric. By coating and filling the fabric with gel, the fabric can be formed and maintained in a certain state, which is beneficial to the application of the fabric. The gel has the characteristics of low density and low thermal conductivity, and the fabric has the characteristics of high strength after forming. The composite material formed by the combination of gel and fabric is expected to be used as a new type of mechanical material in aerospace, new building materials, wearable devices, energy and other fields.

[0009] In some embodiments, when the fabric has multiple layers, any two adjacent layers of the fabric are in contact with each other.

[0010] In some embodiments, the porosity of the gel is 90%-95%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fabric is a chain mail structured fabric.

[0012] In some embodiments, the frame of the unit cell particle includes but is not limited to a ring, a two-dimensional polygon, or a three-dimensional polygon.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the fabric includes but is not limited to one of resin, nylon or metal.

[0014] In some embodiments, the material of the gel includes but is not limited to aerogel, hydrogel or hydrosol.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a composite material, comprising:

[0016] Providing a mold, placing at least one layer of fabric and a gel solution in the mold, and allowing the gel solution to cover each layer of the fabric and fill the frame of all the unit cell particles in each layer of the fabric to obtain an intermediate;

[0017] The intermediate is sequentially subjected to standing, demoulding, solvent replacement and drying treatments to obtain a composite material.

[0018] In some embodiments, placing at least one layer of fabric and the gel solution in the mold further comprises:

[0019] The shape of the at least one layer of fabric is adjusted so that the stiffness of the composite material is continuously adjustable within the range of k1 and k2; when the stiffness of the composite material is k1, the density of the fabric is a first density, and when the stiffness of the composite material is k2, the density of the fabric is a second density.

[0020] In some embodiments, the fabric is prepared by 3D printing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a process for preparing a composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6A schematic diagram of a fabric and gel composite process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of another fabric and gel composite process provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fabric and a printed fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Icons: 1. fabric; 11. single cell particle; 2. gel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will combine the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Among them, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B; "and / or" in the text is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two.

[0032] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as suggesting or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the composite material of the embodiment of the present application includes at least one layer of fabric 1 and gel 2;

[0034] The fabric 1 includes a plurality of mutually nested unit-cell particles 11, each unit-cell particle 11 is a frame, and the frame of each frame is closed;

[0035] The gel 2 covers at least one layer of fabric 1 and fills the frames of all the unit cell particles 11 in at least one layer of fabric 1 .

[0036] The composite material includes at least one layer of fabric 1 and gel 2. The fabric 1 includes a plurality of mutually nested single-cell particles 11, each single-cell particle 11 is a frame structure, and the frame of each frame is closed. The gel 2 covers the entire fabric 1 and fills the frames of all the single-cell particles 11 in the fabric 1. By covering and filling the fabric 1 with the gel 2, the fabric 1 can be formed and continuously maintained in a certain state, which is beneficial to the application of the fabric 1. The gel 2 has the characteristics of low density and low thermal conductivity, and the fabric 1 has the characteristics of high strength after forming. The composite material formed by the combination of the gel 2 and the fabric 1 is expected to be used as a new type of mechanical material in aerospace, new building materials, wearable devices, energy and other fields.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the fabric 1 is multi-layered, any two adjacent layers of fabric 1 are in contact with each other.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of another composite material provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one possible implementation method, Figure 3 As shown, the composite material includes three layers of fabric 1, the three layers of fabric 1 are parallel, and any two adjacent layers of fabric 1 are arranged in contact with each other. The gel 2 covers the three layers of fabric 1 and fills the frame of the unit cell particles 11 of the three layers of fabric 1. Fabrics 1 with different numbers of layers are stacked together and compounded with the gel 2 to obtain composite materials with different mechanical properties, which can be applied to fields with different performance requirements and has a broad market.

[0039] In some embodiments, the porosity of the gel 2 is 90%-95%. For example, the porosity of the gel 2 can be 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, etc. A higher porosity indicates that the gel 2 is more compact. The higher the porosity of the gel 2, the smaller the impact on the structure of the composite material formed by the gel 2 and the fabric 1, which is beneficial to improving the structural stability of the composite material.

[0040] In some embodiments, fabric 1 is a chain mail structured fabric.

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of another fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one possible implementation method, Figure 4As shown, the fabric 1 of the embodiment of the present application can be a chain mail fabric. The chain mail fabric is formed by a closed frame of multiple single-cell particles 11 that are interlocked and spliced ​​together, and each single-cell particle 11 is interlocked with other multiple single-cell particles 11, shaped like a net lock structure. In the natural state of the chain mail fabric, the single-cell particles 11 have a certain free activity space in the interlocking interval (the gap between the single-cell particles and the single-cell particles), so the single-cell particles 11 in the chain mail fabric have the characteristics of changeable shapes. The chain mail fabric can be formed after being compounded with the gel 2 in a certain state, and the fabric shape will no longer change after forming. In this state, the composite material corresponds to a certain stiffness and can be used as a mechanical material in the required field.

[0042] In some embodiments, the frame of the unit cell particle 11 includes but is not limited to a ring, a two-dimensional polygon, or a three-dimensional polygon. For example, the frame of the unit cell particle 11 can be a ring, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a tetrahedron, an octahedron, etc., and its shape can be determined according to actual needs, and the specific shape is not limited.

[0043] In some embodiments, the material of the fabric 11 includes but is not limited to one of resin, nylon or metal, and the specific material is not limited.

[0044] In some embodiments, the material of the gel 2 includes but is not limited to one of aerogel, hydrogel or hydrosol, and the specific material is not limited. The aerogel can be polyimide aerogel or SiO2 aerogel.

[0045] Second, as Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S501, providing a mold, placing at least one layer of fabric and a gel solution in the mold, and allowing the gel solution to cover each layer of fabric and fill the frame of all unit cell particles in each layer of fabric to obtain an intermediate;

[0047] S502, sequentially subjecting the intermediate to static standing, demoulding, solvent replacement and drying treatments to obtain a composite material.

[0048] The specific operation process for preparing the composite material is to first pour part of the gel solution into the mold, then put a layer of fabric into the mold and lay it on the gel solution. Then pour the remaining gel solution into the mold, and make the gel solution immerse the fabric and fill the frame of all the unit cell particles in the fabric to obtain an intermediate. Then the intermediate is placed in an environment of normal temperature and pressure and allowed to stand for about 24 hours, and then demolded to obtain a preliminary composite material (such as chain mail fabric-polyimide aerogel composite material). The demolding process can use a scraper to separate the composite material from the mold. After demolding, solvent replacement is carried out, and finally CO2 supercritical drying is carried out for about 3-4 days to finally obtain a composite material including a layer of fabric.

[0049] When the composite material includes multiple layers of fabric, the preparation process of the composite material is as follows: first, part of the gel solution is poured into the mold; then the first layer of fabric is placed in the mold and laid flat on the gel solution, and then the second layer of fabric is laid flat on the first layer of fabric, and then the remaining gel solution is poured into the mold, and the gel solution is immersed in the first and second layers of fabric and fills the frame of all the single-cell particles in the first and second layers of fabric to obtain an intermediate. The intermediate is then placed in an environment of normal temperature and pressure and allowed to stand for about 24 hours, and then demolded to obtain a preliminary composite material (such as chain mail fabric-polyimide aerogel composite material). The demolding process can use a scraper to separate the composite material from the mold. After demolding, solvent replacement is performed, and finally CO2 supercritical drying is performed for about 3-4 days to finally obtain a composite material including two layers of fabric.

[0050] It should be noted that during the gel filling process, a certain thickness needs to be reserved above and below the fabric to avoid the fabric and gel from separating during the subsequent drying process, which is beneficial to improving structural stability.

[0051] In one possible implementation method, when the gel is a polyimide aerogel, the preparation process of the polyimide aerogel is as follows: first, acid anhydride and diamine are used as raw materials, and the two are chemically reacted by stirring to obtain polyamic acid; as the water in the polyamic acid evaporates, the polyamic acid will be converted into polyimide chains, and these ring chains will cross-link with each other to form a gel skeleton with a three-dimensional network structure; in the case of no drying treatment, the gel skeleton formed by the above polyimide chains is a gel solution, and its porosity is higher than 90%.

[0052] It is understandable that before the gel solution is dried, it needs to be compounded with the fabric. After compounding, the fabric is formed by standing, demolding, solvent replacement and drying CO2 supercritical treatment at room temperature and pressure to obtain a composite material composed of fabric and polyimide aerogel.

[0053] It should be noted that in the preparation stage of the gel, in order to ensure the porosity of the gel when it is composited with the fabric, it is necessary to select a suitable solvent and solute ratio, and to control the pore structure and porosity of the gel by controlling the concentration and viscosity of the gel solution, so that the structure of the gel after composited with the fabric is more stable. Among them, the parameters such as the solvent and solute ratio, concentration and viscosity of the gel solution need to be determined according to the actual application.

[0054] In some embodiments, placing at least one layer of fabric and the gel solution in a mold, followed by:

[0055] The shape of at least one layer of fabric is adjusted so that the stiffness of the composite material is continuously adjustable within the range of k1 and k2; when the stiffness of the composite material is k1, the density of the fabric is a first density, and when the stiffness of the composite material is k2, the density of the fabric is a second density.

[0056] Since the single-cell particles in the fabric can move freely within the interlocking interval, and different interlocking states of the fabric correspond to different strengths, the stiffness of the composite material finally obtained is related to the forming state of the fabric. In order to obtain a composite material with a certain stiffness, it is necessary to control the state of the fabric during the preparation process so that the composite material finally obtained meets the application requirements. In other words, the stiffness of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the state of the fabric.

[0057] For example, Figure 4 As shown, the spatial overlap between the single-cell particles 11 in the fabric is the smallest, and at this time the density of the fabric 1 is the first density (minimum density). Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fabric and gel composite process provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, in the composite process of the fabric 1 of the first density and the gel 2, after the fabric 1 is placed in the mold, the shape of each unit cell particle 11 is adjusted by external force so that the density of the fabric 1 is the minimum density. In this case, the stiffness of the obtained composite material is k1.

[0058] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of another fabric provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the spatial overlap between the single-cell particles 11 in the fabric is the largest. At this time, the density of the fabric 1 is the second density (maximum density), and the fabric 1 is in a tightly interlocked state. Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of the fabric and gel composite process provided in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, in the composite process of the second density fabric 1 and the gel 2, after the fabric 1 is placed in the mold, the shape of each unit cell particle 11 is adjusted by external force so that the density of the fabric 1 is the maximum density. In this case, the stiffness of the obtained composite material is k2.

[0059] It can be understood that when the spatial overlap between the single-cell particles 11 and the single-cell particles 11 in the fabric 1 is between the minimum and the maximum, the density of the fabric 1 is between the first density and the second density, that is, between the minimum density and the maximum density. In the preparation process of the composite material, by adjusting the shape of the fabric 1, a composite material with any stiffness value between k1 and k2 can be obtained. This shows that the preparation method of the composite material of the embodiment of the present application can make the composite material meet the requirements of the material performance in the required field by adjusting the fabric state, and has a wide applicability.

[0060] In some embodiments, the fabric 1 is prepared by 3D printing.

[0061] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fabric and a printed fabric provided in an embodiment of the present application. In a possible implementation method, Fig. 9 As shown, a fabric formed by interlocking unit-cell particles can be designed according to demand, and then the fabric can be printed out through 3D printing technology, and a mold of corresponding size can be customized according to the printed fabric to facilitate the subsequent preparation of composite materials.

[0062] The high-entropy composite metamechanical material provided in the embodiment of the present application combines gel with fabric, uses a "casting" method to combine the two and enable them to be formed, and changes the shape of the single-cell particles of the fabric and the fabric density to change the stiffness of the composite material finally formed, which is conducive to driving the development of high-entropy composite metamechanical materials. The Furukawa materials in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to applications in new building materials, aerospace, energy and other fields, but can also be extended to other areas, such as ships, bulletproof vests, etc. The present application can control the stiffness of the composite material according to actual needs, and provide technical solutions for the fields of building protection materials, space suit materials, aerospace satellites, ship waterproofing, automotive engineering, etc., and has broad market application prospects.

[0063] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A composite material, characterized in that: including at least one layer of fabric and gel; The fabric comprises a plurality of mutually nested and connected single-cell particles, each of the single-cell particles is a frame, and the frame of each frame is closed; The gel covers the at least one layer of fabric and fills the frames of all the unit cell particles in the at least one layer of fabric.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that When the fabric is multi-layered, any two adjacent layers of the fabric are in contact with each other.

3. The composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that The porosity of the gel is 90%-95%.

4. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The fabric is a chain mail structured fabric.

5. The composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that The frame of the unit cell particle includes one of a ring, a two-dimensional polygon or a three-dimensional polygon.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the fabric includes one of resin, nylon or metal.

7. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the gel includes one of aerogel, hydrogel or hydrosol.

8. A method for preparing a composite material, characterized in that: include: Providing a mold, placing at least one layer of fabric and a gel solution in the mold, and allowing the gel solution to cover each layer of the fabric and fill the frame of all the unit cell particles in each layer of the fabric to obtain an intermediate; The intermediate is sequentially subjected to standing, demoulding, solvent replacement and drying treatments to obtain a composite material.

9. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of placing at least one layer of fabric and the gel solution in the mold further comprises: The shape of the at least one layer of fabric is adjusted so that the stiffness of the composite material is continuously adjustable within the range of k1 and k2; when the stiffness of the composite material is k1, the density of the fabric is a first density, and when the stiffness of the composite material is k2, the density of the fabric is a second density.

10. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fabric is prepared by 3D printing.

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