Boat bottom for high-speed boat
By designing the middle breaking bow, gradient air intake and wave-like ground effect wing on the bottom of the high-speed boat, the problem of high-speed boat consumption is solved, and a higher speed and greater lift effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411272666.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
When existing high-speed boats are driving at high speed, it is difficult to effectively utilize the power of air and sea water, resulting in large power consumption and limited speed.
A bottom structure was designed, combining the middle wave-breaking bow and gradient air intake, and wavy ground-effect wings were distributed in the center of the bottom and the air intake. The collision between the inclined surface of the ground-effect wing and seawater and air was used to form multiple continuous ejection and lift effects.
Through this design, the lift and speed of the high-speed boat can be greatly increased, drag and power consumption can be reduced, and wave resistance and stability can be improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119527475A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a boat bottom for a high-speed boat. Background Art
[0002] A ground effect wing and its application, application number, 2024103696598, applicant, Wang Chongying, application date, March 28, 2024. The invention proposes that in order to increase the ground effect, two aspects should be taken into consideration. On the one hand, the air movement path should be changed to form multiple continuous ejections. On the other hand, the intake volume should be increased while adding constraints to maintain a large amount of gas to produce the ejection effect. At the same time, a wave-type ground effect wing distributed in series is proposed. Summary of the invention
[0004] The invention provides a boat bottom for a high-speed boat.
[0005] It mainly draws on the ideas of the patent in the background technology and partially utilizes the concept of its wave-type ground effect wing.
[0006] The bottom of the ship is divided into two parts, the bow and the hull. The bow adopts a middle wave-breaking bow (1) plus gradual air intakes (3) on both sides. As for the hull, the bottom of the ship is in an "M" shape as a whole. Thin steel (4) is used on both sides and it goes deep below the sea surface for a certain distance. The middle bottom is wider and has wave-type ground effect wings (5) distributed at intervals, which can glide on the surface of the sea water. Between the two is an upwardly concave bottom, forming an air intake (10) and distributed with wave-type ground effect wings (6)(7).
[0007] The bottom of the ship is divided into two parts according to the fluid medium. One part is a flat position in the center of the bottom of the ship, where a wave-shaped ground effect wing (5) is distributed. The main body of the wave-shaped ground effect wing (5) is located below the maximum waterline of high-speed driving (hereinafter referred to as the waterline). The lift is obtained by the collision between the inclined surface of the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater. The other part is an air inlet (10), where a wave-shaped ground effect wing (6) (7) is distributed. The wave-shaped ground effect wing (6) (7) is located above the waterline. The lift is obtained by the collision between the seawater and the bottom of the ship by the air in the air inlet. The ground effect wing (6) and (7) can change the flow direction of the air in the air inlet so that the air is moved in a certain direction. The wing (5) and the bottom (8) of the ship are connected to the sea surface at a certain angle, thereby increasing the back-and-forth collision effect of the air between the sea surface and the bottom of the ship and greatly increasing the lift. The two parts are relatively independent and mutually influential. The air inlet is separated by means of the wave-type ground effect wing (5) and the bottom (8) of the ship entering the water, thereby forming an independent small air inlet. The air between the air inlets can enter the wave-type ground effect wing (5) at any time and form an air film on its surface, greatly reducing the friction between it and the seawater. The two parts are combined together, one relies on air ejection to achieve lift, and the other relies on collision with the seawater to achieve lift, thereby achieving lift maximization.
[0008] The longitudinal section of the wave-type ground effect wing (5) is a right triangle with a sharp angle. The long right-angle side is fixed on the belly of the aircraft, and the tip points to the direction of travel of the ship, forming a slope surface one by one on the bottom of the ship. Considering that after the ground effect wing displaces the seawater, the seawater at this position needs time to recover, the ground effect wing (5) is distributed at intervals, and the width should not be too wide. In order to form an air film between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater and reduce the friction between the ground effect wing and the seawater, the bottom of the ship in front of the ground effect wing (5) is processed by digging a groove (9). The groove (9) is smoothly connected with the ground effect wing (5) at the same slope. The bottom of the groove (9) is not higher than the bottom edge of the ground effect wing (7) and is higher than the waterline by a certain distance. In this way, it can be ensured that the space (9) is filled with air at any time. When the bottom of the ship runs at high speed, an air film will be formed between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater to reduce resistance. The ground effect wing (5) is connected to the end position of the bow and is smoothly connected to the bow bottom (2). The bow bottom (2) is horizontal without an inclination angle, small in front and large in the back, and can break waves.
[0009] The wave-type ground effect wing (6) (7) also has a right triangle in longitudinal section with a sharp angle. The long right-angled side is fixed on the belly of the aircraft, and the tip points to the direction of travel of the ship. A slope is formed one by one in the air inlet (10). The upper surface shape and the arc-shaped air inlet should be adapted and closely fitted together. Considering that the medium of the air inlet is air, which has a lighter specific gravity than seawater, the height and slope of the ground effect wing (7) are increased relative to the ground effect wing (5), and the direction of air flow is changed to a greater extent. At the same time, the friction between the gas, the seawater and the hull is very small, and the attenuation is slow, so the spacing of the ground effect wing (7) is increased. The ground effect wing (6) is mainly used to initially reduce the waves in the air inlet, so the slope is small and the height is also small to prevent the ground effect wing (6) from violently colliding with the waves in the air inlet.
[0010] Thin steel materials (4) are used on both sides of the bottom of the ship and extend a certain distance below the sea surface, so that a strong closed space can be formed on the sea surface. The strong closed space is divided into two parts, a sea surface gliding contact area and an air ejection contact area. The sea surface gliding contact area corresponds to the flat area in the center of the bottom of the ship, and is distributed with wave-type ground effect wings (5) and directly in contact with the sea water; the air ejection contact area corresponds to the air inlet (10), and is distributed with wave-type ground effect wings (6)(7) and directly in contact with the air. The thin steel material extends a certain distance to the bow to form a semi-enclosed gradual air inlet (3). The air inlet (3) and the air duct (10) are connected, and a large amount of air can be pressed into the bottom of the ship. In the strong closed space, both air and sea water are strongly constrained, and the properties of the two are more stable. The waves formed by the collision of sea water are small and recover quickly. The air can form a strong fluid beam to increase its ejection effect.
[0011] The size of the air inlet (3) needs to take into account the air intake volume, resistance, design redundancy, and wave passability. The larger the air inlet, the better. It needs to be determined through experiments.
[0012] The bow position adopts a combination of a middle wave-breaking bow (1) and two side gradual air inlets (3), which has good wave resistance. When encountering large waves, the wave crest is first broken by the wave-breaking bow (1), then enters the air inlet (10) under the gradual constraint and extrusion of the air inlet (3), and then is reduced by the small ground effect wing (6), and finally is reduced by the ground effect wing (7). In this way, the instantaneous collision between the wave and the hull can be converted into successive small collisions, which can greatly reduce the turbulence of the ship, and the ship will run more smoothly and the wave resistance is greatly improved. The air inlet (3) should reduce the inclination angle, increase the length and smoothness, so as to better reduce the wave collision force. The starting position of the air inlet (10), that is, the place connected to the air inlet (3), the air inlet as a whole is close to the middle, so that the horizontal position of the highest point of the air inlet is closer to the wave-breaking bow, so that the wave crest broken by the bow can be better accommodated, and then the air inlet (10) gradually changes back to the normal position.
[0013] The sea surface gliding contact area and the air ejection contact area can be set alternately and continuously, which can increase the overall width and improve the stability of the ship. It is suitable for application to larger ships, such as attached Figure 6 The two are set alternately, and the waves generated can offset each other to a certain extent, forming a positive influence and giving full play to the lift effect of the ground effect wings in their respective areas.
[0014] Wing in ground effect (5), as attached Figure 4 , most or all of the ground effect wing (5) is located below the water surface, the ground effect wing collides with the sea surface, and the seawater in this area is expelled. The rear of the ground effect wing is the seawater recovery area. A groove (9) is dug at this position on the bottom of the ship, and the bottom of the groove is higher than the water surface, so that the groove (9) can be filled with air all the time. When the ship moves at high speed, the air in (9) will enter (5), forming an air film between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater to reduce resistance. The ground effect wing (5) extends forward to the groove (9) and is connected with the groove (9) at the same slope. The force analysis of the ground effect wing (5) is carried out, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 There are two forces on the contact surface between the ground effect wing and the seawater, one is the reaction force F1 exerted by the seawater on the inclined surface of the ground effect wing, and the other is the friction force F4 exerted by the seawater on the wing surface parallel to the inclined surface of the ground effect wing. F1 can be decomposed into a vertical upward force F3 and a horizontal backward force F2, and F4 can be decomposed into a vertical downward force F6 and a horizontal backward force F5. After merging, the vertical lift provided by a single ground effect wing (5) is: F3-F6, and the horizontal resistance is: F2+F5. It can be known that the smaller the inclination angle of the ground effect wing, the smaller the friction with the seawater, the greater the vertical lift provided by the ground effect wing, and the smaller the resistance, but the relationship between the inclination angle of the ground effect wing and F1 must also be considered. Therefore, under the condition of satisfying the magnitude of the force F1, the smaller the inclination angle of the ground effect wing, the better, and the smaller the friction with the seawater, the better.
[0015] The ground effect wing (7) is mainly in contact with air, which is ejected multiple times between the sea surface and the bottom of the ship in a closed space. At this time, the larger the horizontal angle of the air flow ejected toward the sea surface, the more obvious the ejection effect is, and the greater the lift provided. However, the resistance will also increase with the increase of the incident angle, so there is a balance. Under the condition of satisfying the lift, the smaller the air incident angle is, the better.
[0016] The air inlet (3) presses a large amount of air into the bottom of the ship, and the bottom of the ship forms a strong constraint space with the sea surface under the three-dimensional constraint of the structure (4). The bottom of the ship constrains a large amount of air to the air inlet (10), and the air further imposes strong constraints on the seawater. At the same time, the bottom of the ship (8) and the ground effect wing (5) also impose strong constraints on the seawater when they are in high-speed motion. In this way, the seawater at the bottom of the ship is under strong constraints. Under the action of the hull and air pressure, the seawater forms an overall mirror structure (relative to ordinary ships). At this time, the ship as a whole interacts with the overall structure of the seawater, and the air is regarded as an air spring to provide support, which greatly increases the lift effect exerted by the seawater on the ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 Bottom view of a high-speed boat
[0018] Figure 2 Bottom front view for high-speed boats
[0019] Figure 3 Bottom view of a high-speed boat
[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of ground effect wing (5)
[0021] Figure 5 The force analysis diagram of the ground effect wing (5)
[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of increasing the width of the bottom of a high-speed boat DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] This is explained below with reference to specific examples.
[0024] In this example, the total width of the ship bottom is 10m, the length of the hull is 40m, the length of the bow (including the air inlets 3 on both sides) is 10m, and the maximum operating speed of the ship is greater than 100 knots. The waterline mentioned in this example refers to the maximum draft at the maximum operating speed of the ship. Thin steel plates (4) are used on both sides of the ship bottom, which are 30-40cm below the sea surface and extend toward the bow to form a gradual air inlet (3). A wave-type ground effect wing (5) is used in the center of the ship bottom. The ground effect wing (5) is 2m wide and 2.5m long, 25cm high below the waterline, and extends forward to smoothly connect to the groove (9) at the same slope. The top of the groove (9) is 10cm higher than the waterline. The width of the air inlet at the waterline is 2.8m, and the highest point of the air inlet is 60cm away from the waterline. The ground effect wing (6) is 25cm high and 2.5m long. The ground effect wing (7) is 45cm high and 3m long. The lowest point of the ground effect wing (7) is 15cm higher than the waterline. The air inlet (3) is 5.5 m long, and its height and size are determined according to the required air intake volume.
[0025] The ship of the present invention relies on buoyancy to provide lift in a stationary state, has the deepest draft, the greatest resistance, and the entire bottom of the ship is below the water surface. When the ship is started, the resistance is the greatest, and the required power is also the greatest, so sufficient power is required, and the ground effect wing is in the water, and its inclined surface can also provide a certain lift, and the lift also increases with the increase of speed, and when the ship floats out of the water, air enters the bottom of the ship, which can not only provide a larger additional lift, but also form an air film on the surface of the ground effect wing, greatly reducing the resistance, and the required power is reduced at this time, and the waterline is the shallowest.
Claims
1. A high-speed boat bottom, characterized in that: The bottom of the ship is divided into two parts, the bow and the hull. The bow adopts a middle wave-breaking bow (1) plus gradual air intakes (3) on both sides. As for the hull, the bottom of the ship is in an "M" shape as a whole. Thin steel (4) is used on both sides and it goes deep below the sea surface for a certain distance. The bottom in the middle is flat and relatively wide (8). Wave-type ground effect wings (5) are distributed at intervals so that the ship can glide on the surface of the sea water. Between (4) and (8) is an upwardly concave bottom, forming an air intake (10), and wave-type ground effect wings (6)(7) are also distributed.
2. The high-speed boat bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the ship is divided into two parts according to the fluid medium. One part is in direct contact with water and is provided with wave-type ground effect wings (5). The main body is located below the maximum waterline for high-speed driving (referred to as the waterline in the subsequent claims). Lift is obtained by direct collision between the inclined surface of the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater. The other part is in direct contact with air and is provided with wave-type ground effect wings (6) (7). The part is located above the waterline. Lift is obtained by catapulting air in the air inlet back and forth between the seawater and the bottom of the ship. The ground effect wing (7) can change the direction of air flow in the air inlet, increase the collision effect of air between the sea surface and the bottom of the ship, and greatly increase the lift. The two parts are relatively independent and mutually influential. The air inlet is separated by the wave-type ground effect wing (5) and its auxiliary structure to form a relatively independent small air inlet. Air is pressed into the wave-type ground effect wing (5) by the air inlet (10), and an air film is formed between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater, greatly reducing the friction between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater. The two parts work together to maximize the lift.
3. The high-speed boat bottom according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the wave-type ground effect wing (5) is a right triangle with a sharp angle. The long right-angled side is fixed on the belly of the aircraft, and the tip points to the direction of travel of the ship. Slopes are formed one by one on the bottom of the ship. Considering that the seawater needs time to recover after the ground effect wing displaces the seawater, the ground effect wing (5) is distributed at intervals and the width should not be too wide. In order to form an air film between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater and reduce the friction between the ground effect wing and the seawater, a groove (9) is dug on the bottom of the ship before the ground effect wing (5). The groove (9) is smoothly connected with the ground effect wing (5) at the same slope. The bottom of the groove (9) is not higher than the bottom edge of the ground effect wing (7) and is higher than the waterline by a certain distance. In this way, it can be ensured that the space (9) is filled with air at any time. When the bottom of the ship runs at high speed, an air film will be formed between the ground effect wing (5) and the seawater to reduce resistance. The ground effect wing (5) is at the end position of the bow and is smoothly connected with the bow bottom (2).
4. The high-speed boat bottom according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The wave-type ground effect wing (6) (7) also has a right triangle in longitudinal section with a sharp angle. The long right-angled side is fixed on the belly of the aircraft, and the tip points to the direction of travel of the ship. Slopes are formed one by one in the air inlet. The upper surface shape and the arc-shaped air inlet should be adapted and integrated into one. Considering that the medium of the air inlet is air, which has a lighter specific gravity than seawater, the height and slope of the ground effect wing (7) are increased relative to the ground effect wing (5), so as to change the running direction of the air fluid to a greater extent. At the same time, the friction between the gas, the seawater and the hull is very small, and the attenuation is slow, so the spacing of the ground effect wing (7) is increased. The height of the ground effect wing (6) is relatively small, and the slope is smaller than that of the ground effect wing (7). This is mainly to reduce the waves in the air inlet in a large wave environment to prevent violent collisions.
5. The high-speed boat bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thin steel materials (4) are used on both sides of the bottom of the ship and extend a certain distance below the sea surface, so that a strong closed space can be formed on the sea surface. The strong closed space is divided into a sea surface gliding contact area and an air ejection contact area. The sea surface gliding contact area is distributed with wave-type ground effect wings (5), and the air ejection contact area is distributed with wave-type ground effect wings (6)(7). The thin steel materials extend a certain distance to the bow to form a semi-enclosed gradual air inlet (3). The air inlet (3) is connected to the air duct (10), so that a large amount of air can be pressed into the bottom of the ship. In a closed space, both air and seawater are strongly constrained, and their properties are more stable. The air can form a strong fluid beam to increase its ejection effect. At the same time, the air imposes strong constraints on the seawater. The bottom of the ship (8) and the ground effect wing (5) also impose strong constraints on the seawater. In this way, the seawater at the bottom of the ship is under strong constraints, forming an overall mirror structure (relatively speaking). The ship as a whole interacts with the overall structure of the seawater. The air is regarded as an air spring to provide support, which greatly increases the lift effect exerted by the seawater on the ship.
6. The high-speed boat bottom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bow part adopts a combination of a middle wave-breaking bow (1) and two side gradual air inlets (3), which has good wave resistance. The wave is first broken by the wave-breaking bow (1), then enters the air inlet (10) under the gradual constraint and compression of the air inlet (3), and then is first reduced by the small ground effect wing (6), and finally reduced by the ground effect wing (7). In this process, air is light and seawater is heavy. Air acts as a buffer, and seawater is gradually squeezed into the sea surface by the hull. In this way, the instantaneous impact between the wave and the hull can be converted into successive small impacts, which can greatly reduce the turbulence of the ship, and the ship will run more smoothly and the wave resistance will be increased. At the place connected to the air inlet (3), the air inlet (10) can be moved toward the middle as a whole, so that the horizontal position of the highest point of the air inlet (10) is closer to the wave-breaking bow (1), and then gradually changes back to the normal position, so that the wave energy can be reduced more smoothly.
7. The high-speed boat bottom according to claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that: The sea surface gliding contact area and the air ejection contact area can be set alternately and continuously, which can increase the overall width and improve the stability of the ship. It is suitable for application to larger ships. The two are set alternately, and the waves generated can be offset to a certain extent, forming a positive influence and giving full play to the lift effect of the ground effect wings in their respective areas.