Condenser and cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in vacuum environment

Abstract

The invention relates to a condenser and a cooling system, in particular to a condenser and a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, and solves the problems that the ejection capacity of a steam ejector is greatly reduced due to the fact that the heat exchange efficiency of an existing condenser among high-temperature steam, cooling water and load fuel gas is low; the technical problem that the vacuum degree required by engine ignition cannot be guaranteed due to the fact that load fuel gas cannot be normally sucked into the atmosphere is solved. The condenser comprises a condenser body, a gas distribution component and a plurality of cooling water nozzles, a water inlet is formed in the condenser body, a water outlet is formed in the bottom, an exhaust port is formed in the side wall of the upper end, and an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the lower end. The gas distribution component is located between the gas inlet and the gas outlet and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the condenser body. And the cooling water nozzle is arranged on the nozzle water supply pipeline. According to the cooling system, the heat exchange time of the condenser can be effectively determined, and the heat exchange effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a condenser and a cooling system, and in particular to a condenser and a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. Background Art

[0002] The condenser is the intersection of high-temperature steam, cooling water and load gas in the steam ejector system. The heat exchange effect of the condenser directly affects the ejection performance and operating efficiency of the steam ejector.

[0003] Existing condensers mostly use direct water spraying to cool high-temperature steam. The heat exchange efficiency is low and the cooling effect is poor. The cooling water temperature rise and high-temperature steam temperature drop cannot reach the design values. In addition, the condenser height is determined according to 4 to 6 times the diameter, and there is a lack of quantitative theoretical support.

[0004] Due to the low heat exchange efficiency of the condenser, the steam ejector is highly sensitive to the cooling water temperature. When the ambient temperature is high in summer and the cooling water temperature exceeds a certain value, the steam ejector's ejection capacity is greatly reduced, and the load gas cannot be normally drawn into the atmosphere, resulting in the inability to guarantee the vacuum required for engine ignition. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem that the heat exchange efficiency between high-temperature steam, cooling water and load gas in the existing condenser is low, which greatly reduces the injection capacity of the steam ejector, the load gas cannot be normally sucked into the atmosphere, and the vacuum degree required for engine ignition cannot be guaranteed. A condenser and cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment are provided.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, which is special in that it includes a condenser body, a gas distribution component and a plurality of cooling water nozzles;

[0008] The condenser body is provided with a water inlet, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom, an exhaust outlet is provided on the upper side wall, and an air inlet is provided on the lower side wall;

[0009] The gas distribution component is located between the air inlet and the air outlet, and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body;

[0010] The condenser body is provided with a nozzle water supply pipeline, and the nozzle water supply pipeline is connected to an external cooling water device through a water inlet;

[0011] The cooling water nozzle is arranged on the nozzle water supply pipeline.

[0012] Further, the cooling water nozzle comprises a water supply cover plate, a fastener, a sealing gasket and a cooling water injection head;

[0013] The upper end of the water supply cover plate is connected to the nozzle water supply pipeline, and the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head through a fastener, and a sealing gasket is provided between the lower end of the water supply cover plate and the cooling water injection head;

[0014] The cooling water injection head is provided with a plurality of injection holes.

[0015] Further, the gas distribution component includes a first gas distribution component and a second gas distribution component;

[0016] The ratio A1 / A of the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component and the second gas distribution component to the cross-sectional area A of the condenser is greater than or equal to 0.7;

[0017] The second gas distribution component has the same structure as the first gas distribution component, and both are grid structures or flat plate open hole structures.

[0018] Furthermore, the first gas distribution component includes a baffle and air flow holes evenly arranged on the baffle; the cooling water nozzle adopts an impact type water nozzle; and a plurality of cooling water nozzles are evenly distributed in a Y shape along the circumference of the central axis of the condenser body.

[0019] Furthermore, the diameter of the condenser body satisfies the following conditions:

[0020] D=(4×Qz×Rg×T / P / v / π) 1 / 2

[0021] Wherein: D is the diameter of the condenser body, in m; v is the flow rate of the steam-gas mixture, in m / s; Qz is the flow rate of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body, in kg / s; Rg is the gas constant of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body, in J / (kg·K); T is the temperature of the internal steam-gas mixture of the condenser body, in K; P is the internal pressure of the condenser body, in Pa.

[0022] Furthermore, the height of the condenser body satisfies the following conditions:

[0023] H=v×t

[0024] Wherein: H represents the height of the condenser body, in meters; t represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body, in seconds.

[0025] Furthermore, the number of cooling water nozzles and the diameter of the nozzle holes thereon are calculated using the following method:

[0026] 1.1. Calculate the cooling water volume q by the following formula:

[0027]

[0028] Where: i represents the heat released per kilogram of power steam, in kJ / kg; Q represents the flow rate of power steam, in kg / h; G represents the flow rate of condensable steam in the extracted steam-gas mixture, in kg / h; Q' z4 It indicates the condensable steam flow rate discharged from the condenser, in kg / h; k indicates the cooling water heat exchange correction coefficient; c p It represents the specific heat capacity of cooling water, in kJ / kg / ℃; △t represents the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water, in ℃;

[0029] 1.2. Determine the number n of cooling water nozzles in each layer of the condenser body through the following relationship:

[0030] 2≤n / D≤4;

[0031] 1.3. Determine the number of layers m of cooling water nozzles through the following relationship:

[0032] 0.05≤m / H≤0.2;

[0033] 1.4. Calculate the cooling water volume q1 of each cooling water nozzle by the following formula:

[0034] q1=q / m / n;

[0035] 1.5. Calculate the cooling water volume q11 of each cooling water nozzle by the following formula:

[0036] q11=q1 / z

[0037] Where: z is the number of nozzles on the cooling water nozzle;

[0038] 1.6. Calculate the nozzle diameter d of the cooling water nozzle according to the following formula:

[0039]

[0040] Where: C is the nozzle flow coefficient, a dimensionless number; △p is the nozzle pressure drop; ρ is the density of cooling water.

[0041] At the same time, the present invention also provides a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, which is special in that it includes a multi-stage condensation unit connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, a water distributor, and a water seal pool;

[0042] The water distributor is used to be connected to an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flow meter and an inlet main valve are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction on the cooling water supply pipeline between the inlet of the water distributor and the external cooling water source; inlet bypass valves are arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve;

[0043] Each stage of the condensing unit includes an ejector arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction and the above-mentioned condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment; the ejector outlet is connected to the air inlet of the corresponding condenser, and the exhaust port of the condenser is connected to the ejector inlet of the next stage of the condensing unit; the ejector of the first stage of the condensing unit is used to receive the power steam of the generator and the load gas of the engine to form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port of the condenser of the last stage of the condensing unit is connected to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe; the condenser is used to cool down and reduce the speed of the steam-gas mixture, and discharge the solidifiable part of the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pool;

[0044] The water inlet of the condenser is connected to the outlet of the water distributor through a cooling water inlet pipe, on which a water supply valve and a water volume regulating valve are arranged; the drain outlet of the condenser is connected to the water seal pool through a drain pipe.

[0045] Furthermore, it also includes a vacuum compensation pipe arranged between the drainage pipe and the water seal pool.

[0046] Further, the condensing unit is three-stage;

[0047] The water supply valve is a remote-controlled butterfly valve;

[0048] The inlet bypass valve is a butterfly valve or a ball valve;

[0049] The cooling water flow meter is an electromagnetic flow meter or an ultrasonic flow meter;

[0050] The water volume regulating valve is a manual butterfly valve.

[0051] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0052] 1. The present invention discloses a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. By arranging a gas distribution component and a plurality of cooling water nozzles in the condenser body, the heat exchange contact surface between the steam-gas mixture and the cooling water is increased, thereby greatly improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0053] 2. The present invention provides a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. A gas distribution component is arranged inside the condenser. The airflow of the steam-gas mixture passes through the gas distribution component and then mixes with cooling water upward, so that the distribution uniformity of the steam-gas mixture entering the condenser on the cross section of the condenser is greatly improved.

[0054] 3. The present invention provides a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. The cooling water nozzle uses impact atomization to spray, which can reduce the droplet diameter of the cooling water, improve the heat exchange coefficient, and reduce the energy consumption of the condenser.

[0055] 4. The present invention provides a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment. The condenser height is calculated according to the residence time of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser. Compared with the traditional condenser height calculation method, it can effectively determine the condenser heat exchange time and improve the heat exchange effect.

[0056] 5. The present invention is a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment, which uses a condensing unit (i.e., an ejector and a condenser) to generate and maintain a vacuum environment, and performs steam cooling in the vacuum environment. During the cooling process, the high-temperature steam is cooled step by step, which improves the energy efficiency of the ejector pump and reduces the size of the ejector pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gas distribution component in an embodiment of a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling water nozzle in an embodiment of a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a cooling water nozzle in an embodiment of a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of cooling water nozzles in an embodiment of a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment of the present invention.

[0063] Description of reference numerals:

[0064] 1-water distributor, 2-water supply valve, 3-inlet main valve, 4-inlet bypass valve, 5-cooling water flow meter, 6-cooling water supply pipeline, 7-water regulating valve, 8-condenser, 80-condenser body, 81-cooling water inlet pipeline, 82-exhaust port, 83-gas distribution component, 831-first gas distribution component, 8311-air flow hole, 8312-baffle, 832-second gas distribution component, 84-cooling water nozzle, 841-water supply cover plate, 842-fastener, 843-sealing gasket, 844-cooling water injection head, 85-drainage pipeline, 86-vacuum compensation pipeline, 87-nozzle water supply pipeline, 88-air inlet, 9-water seal tank, 10-generator, 11-injector, 12-engine, 13-exhaust pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, a condenser for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment includes a condenser body 80, a gas distribution component 83 and a plurality of cooling water nozzles 84; a water inlet is provided on the condenser body 80, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom, an exhaust port 82 is provided on the upper side wall, and an air inlet 88 is provided on the lower side wall; the gas distribution component 83 is located between the air inlet 88 and the exhaust port 82, and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body 80; a nozzle water supply pipeline 87 is provided in the condenser body 80, and the nozzle water supply pipeline 87 is connected to an external cooling water device through a water inlet; the cooling water nozzle 84 is provided on the nozzle water supply pipeline 87.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, the gas distribution component 83 includes a first gas distribution component 8311 and a second gas distribution component 832; the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 are fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the condenser body 80, and the first gas distribution component 831 and the second gas distribution component 832 are used to distribute the airflow rising through the air inlet 88 to ensure the uniform distribution of the loaded gas on the cross section of the condenser 8.

[0067] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the cooling water nozzle 84 includes a water supply cover plate 841, a fastener 842, a sealing gasket 843 and a cooling water injection head 844; the upper end of the water supply cover plate 841 is connected to the nozzle water supply pipeline 87, and the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head 844 through the fastener 842, and a sealing gasket 843 is arranged between the lower end of the water supply cover plate 841 and the cooling water injection head 844; for better atomization, the cooling water injection head 844 is a convex structure, on which a plurality of spray holes are arranged, and the central axes of adjacent spray holes form an angle.

[0068] The condenser 8 of the present invention is a direct contact condenser, which is used for direct contact heat exchange between the steam-gas mixture and the cooling water to achieve the purpose of liquefying the gaseous water in the steam-gas mixture. The parameters (flow rate, temperature, composition, enthalpy, specific heat capacity, etc.) of the cooling object of the condenser 8 are clear. The condenser of the present invention for high-temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment is designed by the following method:

[0069] 1. Calculate the condenser diameter D by the following formula:

[0070] D=(4×Qz×Rg×T / P / v / π) 1 / 2

[0071] Where:

[0072] D represents the diameter of the condenser body (80), in meters;

[0073] v represents the velocity of the steam-gas mixture, in m / s;

[0074] Qz represents the flow rate of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body 80, in kg / s;

[0075] Rg represents the gas constant of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body 80, and the unit is J / (kg·K);

[0076] T represents the temperature of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body 80, in K;

[0077] P represents the internal pressure of the condenser body 80, and the unit is Pa.

[0078] 2. Calculate the height H of the condenser by the following formula:

[0079] H=v×t

[0080] Wherein: H represents the column height of the condenser body 80, in meters; t represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80, which is 2s to 4s; in the process of calculating the height of the condenser body 80, in order to enhance the heat exchange effect, the residence time t of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body 80 is required to be greater than or equal to 1.5s. Considering the difficulty of constructing the condenser 8 and the scale of investment, the residence time should not be greater than 4s.

[0081] 3. According to the diameter, height and cooling water volume of the condenser body 80, calculate the number of cooling water nozzles 84 and the diameter of the nozzle holes thereon, and complete the design of the condenser 8 for high temperature gas cooling in a vacuum environment, specifically:

[0082] 3.1. The present invention modifies the cooling water calculation formula by adding the cooling water heat exchange correction coefficient k, instead of assuming that all the heat of the steam-gas mixture is absorbed by the cooling water. The modified calculation formula is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Where: i represents the heat released per kilogram of steam, which is expressed in kJ / kg according to the steam temperature in the steam characteristics table;

[0085] Q represents the motive steam flow rate, which is a known quantity for a particular jet pump and is expressed in kg / h;

[0086] G represents the condensable steam flow rate in the pumped steam-gas mixture, which is a known quantity for a particular jet pump and is expressed in kg / h;

[0087] Q' z4 It represents the condensable steam flow rate discharged from the condenser 8, obtained by calculation, in kg / h;

[0088] k represents the cooling water heat exchange correction coefficient, which is 0.7 to 0.9 based on experience;

[0089] c p Indicates the specific heat capacity of cooling water, which is 4190 kJ / kg / ℃;

[0090] △t represents the inlet and outlet temperature difference of cooling water, in °C;

[0091] The flow rate Q' of the condensable steam discharged from the condenser 8 is calculated as follows: z4 :

[0092]

[0093] Q k represents the non-condensable gas content at the air inlet 88 of the condenser 8, which is a known quantity in kg / h;

[0094] p'4 represents the total pressure of the steam-gas mixture at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, taking the working pressure of the condenser 8 as a known quantity, in kPa;

[0095] p' z4 It represents the steam partial pressure at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, which is the saturated steam pressure obtained from the temperature of the steam-gas mixture at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, and is a known quantity in kPa;

[0096] M K The relative molecular weight of the non-condensable gas at the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8 is a known quantity.

[0097] 3.2. The number n of cooling water nozzles 84 on each layer of the condenser 8 is determined according to the diameter D of the condenser 8 and the following relationship:

[0098] 2≤n / D≤4;

[0099] 3.3. The number of layers m of the cooling water nozzles 84 in the condenser 8 is determined by the following relationship:

[0100] 0.05≤m / H≤0.2

[0101] Wherein: m is the number of layers of cooling water nozzles 84; H is the height of the condenser 8;

[0102] 3.4. Calculate the cooling water volume q1 of each cooling water nozzle 84 by the following formula:

[0103] q1=q / m / n

[0104] Where: q1 is the cooling water volume of a single cooling water nozzle 84, in kg / s;

[0105] 3.5. The cooling water volume of each cooling water nozzle 84 is calculated by the following formula:

[0106] q11=q1 / z

[0107] Wherein: q11 is the cooling water volume of each cooling water nozzle 84, in kg / s; z is the number of nozzle holes on the cooling water nozzle 84;

[0108] 3.6. Calculate the diameter d of the nozzle hole according to the following formula:

[0109]

[0110] Where: C is the nozzle flow coefficient, a dimensionless number, with a value of 0.6-0.7; d is the nozzle diameter, in m; △p is the nozzle pressure drop, in MPa; ρ is the density of cooling water, with a value of 1000 kg / m 3 .

[0111] like Figure 5 As shown, a cooling system for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment comprises a multi-stage condensation unit connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, a water distributor 1, and a water seal pool 9;

[0112] The water distributor 1 is used to be connected to an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flow meter 5 and an inlet main valve 3 are sequentially arranged on a cooling water supply pipe 6 between the inlet of the water distributor 1 and the external cooling water source along the water flow direction; an inlet bypass valve 4 is arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve 3 to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve 3;

[0113] Each stage of condensation unit includes an ejector 11 arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction, and the above-mentioned condenser 8 for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment; the outlet of the ejector 11 is connected to the air inlet 88 of the corresponding condenser 8, and the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8 is connected to the inlet of the ejector 11 of the next stage of condensation unit; the ejector 11 of the first stage of condensation unit is used to receive the power steam of the generator 10 and the load gas of the engine 12 and form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8 of the last stage of condensation unit is connected to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 13; the condenser 8 is used to cool down and reduce the speed of the steam-gas mixture, and discharge the solidifiable part of the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pool;

[0114] The water inlet of the condenser 8 is connected to the outlet of the water distributor 1 through a cooling water inlet pipe 81, on which a water supply valve 2 and a water volume regulating valve 7 are arranged; the drain outlet of the condenser 8 is connected to the water seal pool 9 through a drain pipe 85; a vacuum compensation pipe 86 is also arranged between the drain pipe 85 and the water seal pool 9, wherein the total length L of the drain pipe 85 and the vacuum compensation pipe 86 is the distance between the drain outlet and the water surface of the water seal pool 9. The gas distribution component 83 is located between the air inlet 88 and the exhaust port 82 of the condenser 8, and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body 80; the cooling water nozzle 84 is arranged on the nozzle water supply pipeline 87 of the condenser body 80.

[0115] In this embodiment, the water distributor 1 is a cylindrical container with an elliptical head, and its volume is determined according to the water volume required by all condensers 8; the water supply valve 2 is a remote-controlled butterfly valve; the inlet main valve 3 is a butterfly valve, which is used to open and close the water supply of the water distributor 1 and adjust the total flow of all condensers 8; the inlet bypass valve 4 can be a butterfly valve, and in other embodiments it can also be a ball valve or other types of valves, which are used to balance the pressure of the pipelines before and after the inlet main valve 3 before the condenser 8 is used; the cooling water flowmeter 5 is used to measure the total flow of all condensers 8, generally an electromagnetic flowmeter or an ultrasonic flowmeter; the cooling water supply pipeline 6 is used to supply cooling water to the water distributor 1, and its pipe diameter is determined by calculation based on the total cooling water volume; the water volume regulating valve 7 is a manual butterfly valve, which adjusts the water flow entering each condenser 8 by the opening of the butterfly valve; since the condenser 8 is in a vacuum environment during operation, a water seal pool 9 is provided to seal the drainage pipeline 86 of the condenser 8; the generator 10 is used to supply power steam that meets the use requirements to the ejector 11.

[0116] The condensing unit is composed of a three-stage ejector 11 + a three-stage condenser 8. The ejector 11 completes the injection, pressure increase and speed reduction of the power steam and the load gas. The outlet of the first-stage ejector is connected to the first-stage condenser, the outlet of the second-stage ejector is connected to the second-stage condenser, and the outlet of the third-stage ejector is connected to the third-stage condenser. The ejector 11 is used to inhale the load gas, which can be air, engine fuel gas or other gases. The vacuum degree of the ejector 11 is relatively high. The pressure is increased step by step through the ejector 11, increased to atmospheric pressure in the exhaust pipe 13 and discharged from the ejector 11 through the exhaust pipe 13.

[0117] The cooling water flows through the two cooling water inlet pipes 81 on the condenser 8 and enters the condenser body 80, and the cooling water enters from the top and exits from the bottom; the air inlet 88 of the condenser 8 is located at the lower end of the condenser 8, and the load gas mixed with the power steam enters the air inlet 88 of the condenser 8, and the load gas enters from the bottom and exits from the top; the drainage pipe 86 of the condenser 8 is set at the bottom of the condenser 8, and the cooling water entering the condenser 8 is discharged through the drainage pipe 86; because the condenser 8 is in a vacuum environment during operation, a vacuum compensation pipe 7 and a water seal pool 9 are set to block the drainage pipe 86 of the condenser 8, and the height of the vacuum compensation pipe 7 is determined by the local atmospheric pressure and the internal pressure difference of the condenser 8.

[0118] The first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 can both adopt a large gap grid structure or a flat plate open hole structure; the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 set inside the condenser 8 can achieve the following purposes: first, reduce the speed of the steam-gas mixture and extend the heat exchange time; second, force the steam-gas mixture to be more evenly distributed on the cross section of the condenser 8, ensure the uniformity of the cooling water temperature rise on the cross section of the condenser 8, so as to avoid that part of the cooling water has reached the saturated steam temperature under the vacuum pressure of the condenser 8 and cannot continue to achieve the cooling effect, while the cooling water temperature on the other part of the cross section is still at a lower level. The ratio A1 / A of the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component 8311 and the second gas distribution component 832 to the cross-sectional area A of the condenser 8 should be greater than or equal to 0.7.

[0119] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the cooling water nozzle 84 is Y-shaped and evenly distributed along the circumference of the central axis of the condenser body 80. After the cooling water is atomized by the cooling water nozzle 84, it enters the condenser 8 for heat exchange with the gas. The traditional cooling water nozzle 84 is a straight hole direct spray form, and the sprayed cooling water is in the form of a liquid column. The mixing effect of the high-temperature steam and gas mixture and the cooling water is poor. Therefore, the theoretically calculated cooling water temperature rise cannot reach the preset value, the steam temperature drop cannot reach the preset value, and the heat exchange efficiency is low. In this embodiment, the cooling water nozzle 84 adopts an impact water nozzle, and its impact method realizes the forced atomization of the cooling water, so that the sprayed cooling water is dispersed in the form of droplets, which greatly increases the contact area between the cooling water and the steam and gas mixture, and improves the heat exchange coefficient.

[0120] The specific working process of opening the condenser 8 is as follows: first, adjust the opening of the water regulating valve 7, and adjust the amount of water entering the third-stage condenser 8 through the water regulating valve 7. Keep the water supply valve 2 closed, open the inlet bypass valve 4, and when the pressure before and after the inlet main valve 3 is balanced, open the inlet main valve 3, and then the cooling water is supplied to the water distributor 1; open the water regulating valve 7 of the first-stage condenser to an angle and record the opening. When adjusting, open the water supply valve 2 one by one to ensure that the amount of water entering each level of condenser meets the preset value.

Claims

1. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment, characterized in that: It comprises a condenser body (80), a gas distribution component (83) and a plurality of cooling water nozzles (84); The condenser body (80) is provided with a water inlet, a drain outlet is provided at the bottom, an exhaust port (82) is provided at the upper side wall, and an air inlet (88) is provided at the lower side wall; The gas distribution component (83) is located between the gas inlet (88) and the gas outlet (82), and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the condenser body (80); A nozzle water supply pipeline (87) is provided in the condenser body (80), and the nozzle water supply pipeline (87) is connected to an external cooling water device through a water inlet; The cooling water nozzle (84) is arranged on a nozzle water supply pipeline (87).

2. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling water spray head (84) comprises a water supply cover plate (841), a fastener (842), a sealing gasket (843) and a cooling water spray head (844); The upper end of the water supply cover plate (841) is connected to the nozzle water supply pipeline (87), and the lower end is connected to the cooling water injection head (844) through a fastener (842), and a sealing gasket (843) is provided between the lower end of the water supply cover plate (841) and the cooling water injection head (844); The cooling water spray head (844) is provided with a plurality of spray holes.

3. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The gas distribution component (83) includes a first gas distribution component (831) and a second gas distribution component (832); A ratio A1 / A between the flow area A1 of the first gas distribution component (831) and the second gas distribution component (832) and the cross-sectional area A of the condenser (8) is greater than or equal to 0.7; The second gas distribution component (832) has the same structure as the first gas distribution component (831), and both are grid structures or flat plate open hole structures.

4. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first gas distribution component (831) includes a baffle (8312) and gas flow holes (8311) uniformly arranged on the baffle (8312); The cooling water nozzle (84) is an impact-type water nozzle; a plurality of cooling water nozzles (84) are arranged in a Y shape and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central axis of the condenser body (80).

5. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the condenser body (80) satisfies the following conditions: D\(4×Qz×Rg×T / P / v / π) 1 / 2 In the formula, D represents the diameter of the condenser body (80), and the unit is m; v represents the flow rate of the steam-gas mixture, and the unit is m / s; Qz represents the flow rate of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body (80), and the unit is kg / s; Rg represents the gas constant of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body (80), and the unit is J / (kg·K); T represents the temperature of the steam-gas mixture inside the condenser body (80), and the unit is K; and P represents the internal pressure of the condenser body (80), and the unit is Pa.

6. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the condenser body (80) satisfies the following conditions: H=v×t Wherein: H represents the height of the condenser body (80), the unit is m; t represents the residence time of the steam-gas mixture in the condenser body (80), the unit is s.

7. A condenser for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the cooling water nozzles (84) and the diameter of the nozzle holes thereon are calculated using the following method: 1.

1. Calculate the cooling water volume q by the following formula: Where: i represents the heat released per kilogram of power steam, in kJ / kg; Q represents the flow rate of power steam, in kg / h; G represents the flow rate of condensable steam in the extracted steam-gas mixture, in kg / h; Q z '4 represents the condensable steam flow rate discharged from the condenser (8), in kg / h; k represents the cooling water heat exchange correction coefficient; c p It represents the specific heat capacity of cooling water, in kJ / kg / ℃; △t represents the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of cooling water, in ℃; 1.

2. The number n of cooling water nozzles (84) in each layer of the condenser body (80) is determined by the following relationship: 2≤n / D≤4; 1.

3. The number of layers m of the cooling water nozzles (84) is determined by the following relationship: 0.05≤m / H≤0.2; 1.

4. The cooling water volume q1 of each cooling water nozzle (84) is calculated by the following formula: q1=q / m / n; 1.

5. Calculate the cooling water volume q11 of each cooling water nozzle (84) by the following formula: q11=q1 / z Wherein: z is the number of spray holes on the cooling water spray head (84); 1.

6. Calculate the nozzle hole diameter d of the cooling water nozzle (84) according to the following formula: Where: C is the nozzle flow coefficient, a dimensionless number; △p is the nozzle pressure drop; ρ is the density of cooling water.

8. A cooling system for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment, characterized in that: It comprises a multi-stage condensation unit connected in sequence along the gas flow direction, a water distributor (1), and a water seal pool (9); The water distributor (1) is used to be connected to an external cooling water source, and a cooling water flow meter (5) and an inlet main valve (3) are sequentially arranged on a cooling water supply pipeline (6) between the inlet of the water distributor (1) and the external cooling water source along the water flow direction; inlet bypass valves (4) are arranged in parallel at both ends of the inlet main valve (3) to balance the water pressure at both ends of the inlet main valve (3); Each stage of the condensing unit comprises an ejector (11) arranged in sequence along the gas flow direction, and a condenser (8) for cooling high-temperature gas in a vacuum environment as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; the outlet of the ejector (11) is connected to the air inlet (88) of the corresponding condenser (8), and the exhaust port (82) of the condenser (8) is connected to the inlet of the ejector (11) of the next stage of the condensing unit; the ejector (11) of the first stage of the condensing unit is used to receive the power steam of the generator (10) and the load gas of the engine (12) to form a steam-gas mixture; the exhaust port (82) of the condenser (8) of the last stage of the condensing unit is connected to the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe (13); the condenser (8) is used to cool and slow down the steam-gas mixture, and discharge the solidifiable part of the steam-gas mixture into the water seal pool (9); The water inlet of the condenser (8) is connected to the outlet of the water distributor (1) via a cooling water inlet pipe (81), and a water supply valve (2) and a water volume regulating valve (7) are provided on the cooling water inlet pipe (81); the drain outlet of the condenser (8) is connected to the water seal pool (9) via a drain pipe (85).

9. A cooling system for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a vacuum compensation pipe (86) arranged between the drainage pipe (85) and the water seal pool (9).

10. A cooling system for cooling high temperature gas in a vacuum environment according to claim 9, characterized in that: The condensing unit is three-stage; The water supply valve (2) is a remote-controlled butterfly valve; The inlet bypass valve (4) is a butterfly valve or a ball valve; The cooling water flow meter (5) is an electromagnetic flow meter or an ultrasonic flow meter; The water volume regulating valve (7) is a manual butterfly valve.

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