Highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system. The method comprises the following steps: defining a service area carbon emission accounting boundary; acquiring data of various energy consumption, traffic volume, vehicle type, solid waste treatment capacity and sewage treatment capacity; selecting a carbon emission factor; respectively checking carbon emissions of three categories of building activity emissions, traffic activity emissions and waste treatment in the service area, wherein the traffic activity emissions comprise carbon emissions generated by non-own vehicles and own vehicles; by considering the queuing, acceleration, deceleration and idling processes of vehicles in a service area, the traffic activity carbon emission is accurately calculated; and accounting the total carbon emission of the service area. The invention provides a more accurate highway service area carbon emission accounting method based on service area traffic volume, vehicle types, fuel consumption and other data, can realize refined monitoring and accounting of highway service area carbon emission, and promotes the transportation industry to develop towards the low-carbon environmental protection direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of traffic carbon emission accounting, and specifically relates to a method and system for calculating carbon emission in a highway service area. Background Art

[0002] In modern society, with the rapid development of transportation, automobile exhaust emissions have had a serious impact on the environment, including the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. As attention to environmental impacts continues to increase, carbon emission accounting and management in the transportation sector has become increasingly important.

[0003] Traditional carbon emission accounting methods are mostly based on the average values ​​of overall road traffic flow and vehicle types, and lack refined monitoring and accounting for specific areas and specific time periods. Existing monitoring methods are difficult to provide detailed data on carbon emissions in highway service areas, and cannot be combined with the actual operation and management of service areas, which limits the accurate monitoring and management of carbon emissions. At the same time, most existing carbon emission monitoring systems are limited to data collection and analysis, and lack methods to combine monitoring data with the actual operation of highway service areas, resulting in monitoring results that are difficult to provide direct decision-making support for carbon emission management in highway service areas. In terms of environmental protection laws and standards, the requirements for monitoring and control of carbon emissions are gradually becoming stricter, and higher requirements are also put forward for the carbon emission accounting management of highway service areas.

[0004] Therefore, a more accurate and real-time carbon emissions accounting method for highway service areas is needed. This method can combine actual traffic flow, vehicle type, fuel consumption and other data to achieve refined monitoring of carbon emissions in highway service areas, and provide intuitive data analysis and management decision support to meet the requirements of environmental protection laws and regulations, reduce adverse impacts on the environment, and promote the development of the transportation industry towards a low-carbon and environmentally friendly direction. Summary of the invention

[0005] Aiming at the defect that the carbon emission accounting of highway service areas in the prior art cannot guarantee the accuracy, the present invention provides a method and system for calculating carbon emission in highway service areas, so as to realize the accurate calculation of carbon emission in highway service areas.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for calculating carbon emissions in a highway service area, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area;

[0009] Step 2: Collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary;

[0010] Step 3: Select various carbon emission factors;

[0011] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected raw data and the selected carbon emission factors;

[0012] Step 5: Calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

[0013] Optionally, in step 1, the service area carbon emission accounting boundary includes the following three ranges:

[0014] Scope 1 emissions: carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels directly controlled and owned by the service area during the operation phase;

[0015] Scope 2 emissions: carbon emissions indirectly generated by purchased electricity used during the service area operation phase;

[0016] Scope 3 emissions: related indirect emissions other than scope 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste treatment, but excluding carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the service area.

[0017] Optionally, in step 2, collecting raw data related to carbon emissions includes:

[0018] Collects gasoline, diesel, LPG and electricity consumption in the service area;

[0019] Collect information on vehicle types and quantities, effective mass of different types of vehicles, fuel consumption per unit at idle speed, maximum speed limit in service areas, fuel combustion efficiency, fuel density, fuel calorific value, and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles;

[0020] Collect the solid waste treatment volume and sewage treatment volume in the service area.

[0021] Optionally, in step 3, the selecting of various carbon emission factors includes:

[0022] Select the carbon emission factors for gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, solid waste disposal, and sewage treatment.

[0023] Optionally, in step 4, the carbon emissions accounting includes accounting for carbon emissions from construction activities E1, accounting for carbon emissions from transportation activities E2, and accounting for carbon emissions from waste treatment E3.

[0024] Optionally, the process of calculating the carbon emissions E1 of construction activities is as follows:

[0025] Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by electricity consumption in the service area 电力 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0026]

[0027] Where D i represents the amount of electricity used by emission source i in the building activity emissions in the service area, i = 1, 2, 3, ... n represent n different emission sources, and d represents the carbon emission factor of electricity;

[0028] Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by gasoline consumption in the service area 汽油 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, B i represents the amount of gasoline used as an emission source in the emissions from construction activities in the service area, and b represents the carbon emission factor of gasoline;

[0031] Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by diesel consumption in the service area 柴油 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Where, X i represents the usage of diesel from emission source i in the emission from building activities in the service area, and x represents the carbon emission factor of diesel;

[0034] Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by consuming liquefied petroleum gas in the service area 液化石油气 , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Where Y i represents the usage of liquefied petroleum gas from emission source i in the building activity emissions in the service area, and y represents the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas;

[0037] In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source of building activities in the service area are calculated using the following formula:

[0038] E1=E 电力 +E 汽油 +E 柴油 +E 液化石油气 .

[0039] Optionally, the calculation formula for calculating the carbon emissions from transportation activities E2 is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula, represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area, It represents the carbon emissions of the service area’s own vehicles;

[0042] 1) Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles in the service area The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, E 经停 represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area, E 经过 It represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area;

[0045] ① Carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area 经停 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, h ω is the CO2 emission factor of fuel for different vehicle models, ω=1, 2, 3, …l represent the vehicle models, represents the traffic volume of non-owned vehicles of different types in the service area; f1 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles entering the service area, f cw is the fuel consumption per unit at idle speed, t a is the deceleration time; f2 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stop phase in the service area. The M / M / S / K model is selected as the service area vehicle queuing model during the calculation process. l2, u2, and g2 represent the fuel consumption of vehicles that only park, vehicles that only refuel, and vehicles that first park and then refuel, respectively. They represent the vehicle proportions corresponding to l2, u2, and g2 respectively. f3 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles when leaving the service area, W is the energy required for the vehicle acceleration phase, η is the fuel combustion efficiency, θ is the fuel density, and q is the calorific value;

[0048] The calculation formulas for l2, u2, and g2 are as follows:

[0049]

[0050] g2=l2+u2;

[0051] Where w1 is the energy required for vehicles to queue and slow down when only parking is performed, W q1 is the average waiting time when only parking activities are performed, L q1 is the average queue length when only parking activities are carried out, m is the effective mass of the vehicle, v is the maximum speed of vehicles in the service area, and F r is the rolling resistance, L b1 is the distance between vehicles in the queue when only parking is performed; w2 is the energy required for vehicles to slow down in the queue when only refueling is performed, W q2 is the average waiting time when only refueling activities are carried out, L q2is the average queue length when only refueling activities are carried out, L b2 The distance between vehicles in the queue when only refueling activities are carried out;

[0052] The calculation formula of W is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] F r =f0mg;

[0055] Where V is the maximum speed limit in the service area, F f is the air resistance during the acceleration phase, F i is the inertial resistance, L a is the length of the acceleration phase, Q f is the heat generated by the friction of the internal components of the vehicle, f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, and g is the acceleration of gravity;

[0056] ② Carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area 经过 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Where, L d V represents the distance traveled by non-owned vehicles through the service area. ω Indicates the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of non-owned vehicles of different models;

[0059] 2) Carbon emissions from vehicles owned by the service area The calculation formula is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula, represents the number of owned vehicles of different models in the service area, C ω Indicates the annual fuel consumption of different types of owned vehicles.

[0062] Optionally, the calculation formula for calculating the carbon emissions E3 from waste treatment is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, Z σ represents the treatment capacity of waste of type σ in the service area, σ=1, 2, 3, …u represents u types of waste, y σ Represents the carbon emission factors for different types of waste.

[0065] Optionally, in step 5, the calculation formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the service area is as follows:

[0066] E 服务区=E1+E2+E3;

[0067] In the formula, E 服务区 Represents the total carbon emissions in the service area.

[0068] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a highway service area carbon emission accounting system, comprising:

[0069] The definition module is used to define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area;

[0070] A collection module, used to collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary;

[0071] Selection module, used to select carbon emission factors of various emission sources in the service area;

[0072] The accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected original data and the selected carbon emission factors; and to calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

[0073] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention realizes accurate calculation of carbon emissions in highway service areas by clarifying the carbon emission accounting boundaries, comprehensively collecting raw data, selecting applicable carbon emission factors, and performing detailed accounting for various emission sources such as construction activities, transportation activities, and waste treatment. This method not only significantly improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of accounting, but also provides scientific data support for environmental management and policy formulation, helps to formulate more effective emission reduction strategies and promote green operations, thereby promoting environmental protection and sustainable development of service areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a highway service area carbon emission accounting method and system of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 2 It is an emission source category diagram for service area accounting of the present invention.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a framework diagram for calculating carbon emissions from various emission sources in the service area of ​​the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0078] In one embodiment, the present invention proposes a method for calculating carbon emissions in a highway service area, such as Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include the following steps.

[0079] Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area, that is, clarify the accounting objectives and scope.

[0080] In this embodiment, the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area is defined, mainly including the time boundary, spatial scope, accounting gas, etc. Time boundary: the carbon emission accounting of the service area is calculated from a certain month of a certain year to a certain month of a certain year, calculated on a monthly and annual basis; spatial scope: the area covered by the entire service area; accounting gas: carbon dioxide.

[0081] The carbon emission accounting boundaries of highway service areas include three ranges, as follows:

[0082] Scope 1 emissions: carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels directly controlled or owned during the operation of the service area;

[0083] Scope 2 emissions: carbon emissions indirectly generated by purchased electricity used during the service area operation phase;

[0084] Scope 3 emissions: related indirect emissions other than scope 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste treatment, etc.; does not include carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the service area.

[0085] According to different emission sources, the carbon emission accounting of highway service areas includes more than 10 emission sources in three categories, namely, emission from construction activities, emission from transportation activities, and waste treatment, which can effectively achieve full coverage of emission sources in service areas. The details are as follows:

[0086] Emissions from building activities. This includes CO2 directly emitted from fossil energy consumed by existing buildings and infrastructure, and CO2 indirectly emitted from electricity consumption; emission sources mainly include lighting systems, HVAC systems, domestic hot water systems, water pump systems, machine room systems, maintenance systems, canteens, gas stations, and supermarkets.

[0087] Emissions from transportation activities. Includes direct and indirect CO2 emissions from owned vehicles and non-owned vehicles (social vehicles) in service areas; emission sources mainly include owned vehicles and non-owned vehicles.

[0088] Waste disposal. This includes the disposal of solid waste generated in the service area and CO2 emissions from sewage treatment.

[0089] Step 2: Collect raw data, mainly including gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity consumption in the service area, vehicle types and quantities, solid waste treatment volume, sewage treatment volume, etc.

[0090] In this embodiment, the data required for collection mainly includes:

[0091] Collects gasoline, diesel, LPG and electricity consumption in the service area;

[0092] Collect information on vehicle types and quantities, effective mass of different types of vehicles, fuel consumption per unit at idle speed, maximum speed limit in service areas, fuel combustion efficiency, fuel density, fuel calorific value, and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles;

[0093] Collect the solid waste treatment volume and sewage treatment volume in the service area.

[0094] Step 3: Select the carbon emission factor; according to the needs of carbon emission accounting, select the carbon emission factors of gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas and electricity.

[0095] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions from various emission sources in the service area.

[0096] In this embodiment, according to the carbon emission sources of the service area, carbon emission accounting is carried out from three categories: construction activity emissions, transportation activity emissions, and waste treatment. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The specific calculation process is as follows:

[0097] Step 4.1: Calculate carbon emissions from construction activities. Carbon emissions from construction activities include indirect carbon emissions such as electricity consumption and direct carbon emissions from fossil energy consumption. The main emission sources include lighting systems, HVAC systems, domestic hot water systems, water pump systems, computer room systems, maintenance systems, canteens, gas stations, supermarkets, etc. Calculations are made from four categories, mainly including electricity, gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas. The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0098] Electricity. The calculation formula for carbon emissions from electricity consumption in the service area is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, D i represents the amount of electricity used by emission sources (i=1, 2, 3, ...n represent different emission sources) in the emissions from building activities in the service area, and d represents the carbon emission factor of electricity.

[0101] Gasoline. The carbon emissions from gasoline consumption in the service area are calculated as follows:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, B i represents the usage of gasoline in the emission of construction activities in the service area (i=1, 2, 3, ...n represent different emission sources respectively), and b represents the carbon emission factor of gasoline.

[0104] Diesel. The carbon emissions from diesel consumption in the service area are calculated as follows:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, X i represents the usage of diesel from emission source i (i=1, 2, 3, ...n represent different emission sources) in the emission from construction activities in the service area, and x represents the carbon emission factor of diesel.

[0107] Liquefied petroleum gas. The calculation formula for carbon emissions from the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas in the service area is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] Among them, Y i represents the usage of liquefied petroleum gas from emission source i (i=1, 2, 3, …n represent different emission sources respectively) in the emission from construction activities in the service area (toll station), and y represents the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas.

[0110] In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source in the service area construction activities is calculated as follows:

[0111] E1=E 电力 +E 汽油 +E 柴油 +E 液化石油气 .

[0112] Step 4.2: Calculate carbon emissions from transportation activities. Carbon emissions from transportation activities include direct and indirect CO2 emissions from owned and non-owned vehicles. The main emission sources are owned and non-owned vehicles. The vehicle types in the service area are classified into two categories: passenger cars and trucks. The carbon emissions of vehicles in the service area are composed of carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles. The specific calculation process is analyzed from two aspects: non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles:

[0113] The process of calculating carbon emissions generated by non-owned vehicles. Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles in service areas refer to the additional carbon emissions generated by vehicles stopping at service areas for refueling, resting, etc. compared to passing through service areas. Therefore, the calculation formula is:

[0114] Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles

[0115] The activity process of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area is divided into three parts: the stage of entering the service area, the stage of staying, and the stage of leaving the service area.

[0116] Phase 1: Non-owned vehicles enter the service area. At this time, the vehicle is in the deceleration phase. According to the actual driving situation, assuming that the vehicle is coasting in neutral during deceleration, the deceleration fuel consumption is the same as the idling fuel consumption, and the calculation formula is:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, f cw is the fuel consumption per unit at idle speed (mL / s); t a is the deceleration time (s).

[0119] The second stage: the non-owned vehicle stay stage. Considering the vehicle queues in the service area, the carbon emission accounting method is analyzed. The non-owned vehicles stay in the service area for activities, which are divided into three categories for carbon emission accounting, including parking, refueling, and parking first and then refueling. Whether it is parking or refueling, the service area vehicle queue model is suitable for description using the M / M / S / K model.

[0120] Service area vehicle queuing model selection: The M / M / S / K model is selected as the service area vehicle queuing model, which is suitable for describing a queuing system in which the vehicle arrival interval follows a Poisson distribution (parameter is the arrival rate λ), the single service time follows a negative exponential distribution (parameter is the service rate μ), the number of service stations is s, the system capacity is K, the queue length (customer source) is infinite, and the service rule is FCFS (first come first served). The main parameters of the model are calculated as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Among them, p j is the probability that the system has j customers in a stable state, where ρ is the service intensity.

[0123] The average queue length, that is, the queue length in front of the current vehicle (vehicles), is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] The average queue length is the average number of vehicles waiting for service in the current service area. The formula is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] Due to the limited system space, it is necessary to consider the effective arrival rate λ of customers e For multi-server systems, e =λ(1-p K ), where p K is the customer loss rate, which indicates the proportion of customers who cannot enter the system among all customers who come to the system. According to Little's formula, we can get:

[0128] The average stay time, that is, the total time (s) from the time a vehicle enters the service area to the time it queues to the time it exits the station, is calculated as follows:

[0129]

[0130] The average waiting time, that is, the current vehicle's waiting time in queue (s), does not include service time. The formula is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] When vehicles are waiting in line, the fuel consumption formula is as follows:

[0133]

[0134] F r =f0mg;

[0135] Among them, f cw The meaning is the idle unit fuel consumption (mL / s), w is the energy required for vehicles to slow down in the queue (J); η is the fuel combustion efficiency; θ is the fuel density (kg / L), q is the calorific value (J / kg); m is the effective mass of the vehicle (kg); v is the maximum speed of vehicles slowing down in the service area (m / s), L b is the distance between the vehicles in the queue (m), F r Rolling resistance (N), f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s 2 ).

[0136] According to the above formula, the fuel consumption of vehicles in the waiting stage is calculated in the following three situations:

[0137] ① The vehicle only performs parking activities, and the fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Where w1 is the energy required for vehicles to queue and slow down when only parking is performed (J); W q1 is the average waiting time when only parking activities are performed (s); L q1 is the average queue length (vehicles) when only parking activities are carried out; L b1 It is the distance between vehicles in queue (m) when only parking activities are carried out.

[0140] ② The vehicle only refuels, and the fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0141]

[0142] Wherein, w2 is the energy required for vehicles to queue and slow down when only refueling is performed (J); W q2 is the average waiting time when only refueling activities are carried out (s); L q2 is the average queue length (vehicles) when only refueling activities are carried out; L b2 It is the distance between vehicles in the queue (m) when only refueling activities are carried out.

[0143] ③ The vehicle stops first and then refuels. The fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0144] g2=l2+u2;

[0145] Assume that the proportions of vehicles engaged in the above three types of activities are and The calculation formula for the average fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stay period in the service area is as follows:

[0146]

[0147] The third stage: the stage when non-owned vehicles leave the service area. At this time, the vehicle is in the acceleration stage. According to the law of conservation of energy, the fuel consumption in the acceleration stage is determined. The energy required for the vehicle to accelerate is:

[0148]

[0149] F r =f0mg;

[0150] Where W is the energy required for the vehicle to accelerate (J); V is the maximum speed limit in the service area (m / s); F is the maximum speed limit in the service area (m / s); f F is the air resistance during the acceleration phase (N); i is the inertial resistance (N); L a is the length of the acceleration phase (m); Q f The heat (J) generated by the friction of the vehicle's internal components.

[0151] Since the maximum speed limit in the service area is very low, in order to facilitate the calculation of F f 、F i , Q f can be ignored, and all the required energy is generated by fuel combustion, so the acceleration fuel consumption is:

[0152]

[0153] Among them, f3 is the fuel consumption of the vehicle during acceleration (L).

[0154] The carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area are calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption by the CO2 emission factor. The formula is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Among them, E 经停 Indicates the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area (kg); h ω is the CO2 emission factor of fuels of different vehicle models (ω=1, 2, 3, …l represent different vehicle models respectively); Represents the traffic volume of non-owned vehicles of different models in the service area (ω=1, 2, 3, ...l represent different models respectively).

[0157] The carbon emission calculation formula for non-owned vehicles passing through the service area is:

[0158]

[0159] Among them, E 经过 Indicates the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area (kg); L d V represents the distance traveled by non-owned vehicles through the service area (m); ω Indicates the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers (L / 100km) of non-owned vehicles of different models.

[0160] Based on the above analysis, the calculation formula for carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in service areas is:

[0161]

[0162] in, Indicates the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area (kg).

[0163] The process of calculating carbon emissions from self-owned vehicles. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from self-owned vehicles in service areas is:

[0164]

[0165] in, represents the carbon emissions of owned vehicles in the service area (kg); Represents the number of owned vehicles of different models in the service area; C ω Indicates the annual fuel consumption (L) of different types of owned vehicles.

[0166] Based on the above analysis, the vehicles in the service area include non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles, so the total carbon emissions from transportation activities in the service area E2 are calculated as follows:

[0167]

[0168] Step 4.3: Calculate the carbon emissions from waste treatment. Carbon emissions from waste treatment include solid waste treatment in the service area and CO2 emissions from sewage treatment. The specific calculation method for the total carbon emissions from waste treatment is as follows:

[0169]

[0170] Among them, Z σ represents the amount of waste treated in the service area of ​​different types (σ=1,2,3,…u represents different types of waste respectively), y σ Represents the carbon emission factors for different types of waste.

[0171] Step 5: Calculate the total carbon emissions in the service area.

[0172] In this embodiment, the total carbon emissions of the service area are calculated according to the following formula:

[0173] E 服务区 =E1+E2+E3;

[0174] Among them, E1 is the total carbon emissions from various emission sources of construction activities in the service area; E2 is the total carbon emissions from transportation activities in the service area; and E3 is the total carbon emissions from waste treatment.

[0175] Next, a certain service area is taken as an example to describe in detail the specific implementation process of the highway service area carbon emission accounting method of this embodiment.

[0176] Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area.

[0177] Before accounting begins, the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area should be clearly defined. This includes all major emission sources in the service area, such as buildings (including office areas, dining areas, shops, etc.), parking areas, gas stations and ancillary facilities. The definition of the accounting boundary needs to take into account the overall layout and operational activities of the service area to ensure that all possible carbon emission sources are fully covered.

[0178] Step 2: Collect raw data.

[0179] Energy consumption data: Records the consumption of gasoline, diesel, LPG and electricity within the service area. Data can be obtained from bills provided by energy suppliers or directly measured by meters.

[0180] Vehicle data: Count the types and numbers of vehicles in the service area. The relevant data can be obtained using parking management systems or traffic flow monitoring equipment.

[0181] Waste disposal data: Records the amount of solid waste and wastewater disposed of. These data can be obtained from waste management companies or wastewater treatment facilities.

[0182] By investigating the service area, various types of specific original data are obtained, as shown in Table 1.

[0183] Table 1 Various types of raw data

[0184]

[0185] Step 3: Select a carbon emission factor.

[0186] Select carbon emission factors for gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity based on regional, national, or international standards. Carbon emission factors should be obtained from authoritative databases, such as the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, to ensure the factors are up-to-date and accurate. Carbon emission factors for various energy sources are shown in Table 2.

[0187] Table 2 Carbon emission factors of various energy sources

[0188]

[0189]

[0190] Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions from various emission sources in the service area. According to the sources of carbon emissions in the service area, the carbon emissions from three major categories, construction activities, transportation activities, and waste treatment, are calculated.

[0191] Step 4.1: Calculate carbon emissions from construction activities. Calculate carbon emissions from electricity consumption, gasoline consumption, diesel consumption, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption.

[0192] Carbon emissions from electricity consumption E 电力 The calculation formula is The annual electricity consumption in the service area from January to December 2022 is 691,800 kWh, and the electricity carbon emission factor is 0.695 kgCO2 / kWh. Therefore, the carbon emissions from electricity consumption are: 691,800 kWh×0.695 kgCO2 / kWh=480.801 t.

[0193] Carbon emissions from gasoline consumption E 汽油 The calculation formula is The annual gasoline consumption in the service area from January to December 2022 is 1000L, and the carbon emission factor of gasoline is 2.9kg / L. Therefore, the carbon emissions from gasoline consumption are: 1000L×2.9kg / L=2.9t.

[0194] Carbon emissions from diesel consumption E 柴油 The calculation formula is The annual diesel consumption in the service area from January to December 2022 is 800L, and the diesel carbon emission factor is 3.0kg / L. Therefore, the carbon emissions from diesel consumption are: 800L×3.0kg / L=2.4t.

[0195] Carbon emissions from LPG consumption E 液化石油气 The calculation formula is The annual liquefied petroleum gas consumption in the service area from January to December 2022 is 5000L, and the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas is 1.75kg / L. Therefore, the carbon emissions from liquefied petroleum gas consumption are: 5000L×1.75kg / L=8.75t.

[0196] In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source in the service area construction activities is calculated as E1 = E 电力 +E 汽油 +E 柴油 +E 液化石油气 Therefore, E1 = 480.801t + 2.9t + 2.4t + 8.75t = 494.851t.

[0197] Step 4.2: Calculate emissions from transportation activities. Carbon emissions from transportation activities include direct and indirect CO2 emissions from owned and non-owned vehicles. The main emission sources include owned and non-owned vehicles. The types of vehicles in the service area are divided into two categories: passenger cars and trucks.

[0198] The process of calculating carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles. According to data survey, the annual traffic volume of the service area in 2022 is 1,146,724 vehicles. Passenger cars and trucks account for 70% and 30% respectively, that is, the annual traffic volume of passenger cars is 802,707 vehicles and the annual traffic volume of trucks is 344,017 vehicles.

[0199] The calculation formula for carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles is:

[0200] Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles

[0201] The carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at service areas are calculated in three stages: the first stage: the stage when non-owned vehicles enter the service area; the second stage: the stage when non-owned vehicles stay; and the third stage: the stage when non-owned vehicles leave the service area.

[0202] (1) The first stage: non-owned vehicles enter the service area. In this stage, the vehicle is in the deceleration stage. Assuming that the vehicle is coasting in neutral during deceleration, the deceleration fuel consumption is the same as the idling fuel consumption, and the calculation formula is: According to the calculation formula, the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the deceleration stage is calculated. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 3.

[0203] Table 3 Fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during deceleration

[0204]

[0205] (2) The second stage: the non-owned vehicle stay stage. Considering the vehicle queues in the service area, the vehicle carbon emissions are calculated. When non-owned vehicles stay in the service area, whether they are parking or refueling, the M / M / S / K model is used as the service area vehicle queue model.

[0206] Assume that the vehicle queue model in the service area is a queue system of M / M / 2 / 5, where λ=2, μ=0.5, S=2,K=5. According to the calculation formula, W q =2.23 (minutes) =133.8 (seconds), L q =2.18 (vehicles).

[0207] When vehicles are waiting in line, the fuel consumption formula is as follows:

[0208]

[0209] F r =f0mg;

[0210] Wherein, w is the energy required for vehicles to slow down in queue (J); η is the fuel combustion efficiency; θ is the fuel density (kg / L); q is the calorific value (J / kg); m is the effective mass of the vehicle (kg); v is the maximum speed of vehicles slowing down in the service area (m / s); L b is the distance between the vehicles in the queue (m), F r Rolling resistance (N), f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s 2 ). The values ​​of the parameters in the above formula are shown in Table 4 below.

[0211] Table 4 Parameters for calculating the fuel consumption of vehicles in the waiting stage

[0212]

[0213] According to the above formula, the fuel consumption of vehicles in the waiting stage is calculated in the following three situations:

[0214] ① The vehicle only performs parking activities, and the fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0215]

[0216] When a vehicle stops at a service area, assuming that the vehicle queue model is an M / M / 2 / 5 queue system, then W q1 =W q =133.8(seconds), L q1 =L q =2.18 (vehicles). According to the calculation formula and referring to the parameter values ​​in Table 4, the fuel consumption of the vehicle only performing parking activities can be calculated. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 5.

[0217] Table 5 Calculation of fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) for parking activities only

[0218]

[0219] ② The vehicle only refuels, and the fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0220]

[0221] When a vehicle is refueling at a service area, assuming that the vehicle queue model is an M / M / 2 / 5 queue system, then W q2 =W q =133.8(seconds), L q2 =L q =2.18 (vehicles). According to the calculation formula and referring to the parameter values ​​in Table 4, the fuel consumption of the vehicle only for refueling can be calculated. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 6.

[0222] Table 6 Calculation of fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) for refueling only

[0223]

[0224] ③ The vehicle stops first and then refuels. The fuel consumption formula for this stage is as follows:

[0225] g2=l2+u2;

[0226] According to the calculation formula and referring to the l2 value in Table 5 and the u2 value in Table 6, the fuel consumption of the vehicle when stopping first and then refueling can be calculated. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 7.

[0227] Table 7 Calculation of fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) for a stop-before-refueling activity

[0228] Vehicle Type <![CDATA[Fuel consumption of g2 (L)]]> bus 0.082437496 truck 0.166499754

[0229] The vehicle proportions of the above three types of activities are According to the calculation formula of the average fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stay in the service area The average fuel consumption of the vehicle during its stay in the service area can be calculated, and the specific values ​​are shown in Table 8.

[0230] Table 8 Calculation of the average fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the stay at a service area

[0231] Vehicle Type <![CDATA[f2 Fuel consumption (L)]]> bus 0.049462498 truck 0.099899853

[0232] (3) The third stage: the stage where non-owned vehicles leave the service area. At this time, the vehicle is in the acceleration stage. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy required for the vehicle acceleration stage is calculated as follows:

[0233]

[0234] F r =f0mg;

[0235] Where W is the energy required for the vehicle to accelerate (J); V is the maximum speed limit in the service area (m / s); F is the maximum speed limit in the service area (m / s); f F is the air resistance during the acceleration phase (N); i is the inertial resistance (N); L a is the length of the acceleration phase (m); Q f The heat (J) generated by the friction of the vehicle's internal components.

[0236] Since the maximum speed limit in the service area is very low, for the convenience of calculation, F f 、F i , Q f can be ignored, and all the required energy is generated by fuel combustion. The calculation formula for the vehicle's fuel consumption during acceleration is: According to the calculation formula, the fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during the acceleration phase is calculated, where the values ​​of m, f0, η, θ, and q refer to the values ​​in Table 4. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 9.

[0237] Table 9 Fuel consumption of a vehicle (passenger car or truck) during acceleration

[0238] Vehicle Type V(m / s) <![CDATA[L a (m)]]> <![CDATA[F r (N)]]> W(J) <![CDATA[f3(L)]]> bus 33.33 400 441 1754533.35 0.07265148 truck 27.77 400 1470 4149864.5 0.14192423

[0239] Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles stopping at service areas E 经停 The calculation formula is Where h ω is the CO2 emission factor of fuels of different vehicle models (ω=1, 2, 3, …l represent different vehicle models respectively); Represents the traffic volume of non-owned vehicles of different models in the service area (ω=1, 2, 3, ...l represent different models respectively).

[0240] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area 经停 The specific values ​​are shown in Table 10.

[0241] Table 10 Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles stopping at service areas

[0242]

[0243]

[0244] Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles passing through the service area E 经过 The calculation formula is In the formula, E 经过 Indicates the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area (kg); L d V represents the distance traveled by non-owned vehicles through the service area (m); ω Indicates the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers (L / 100km) of non-owned vehicles of different models.

[0245] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area 经过 The specific values ​​are shown in Table 11.

[0246] Table 11 Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles passing through service areas

[0247]

[0248] Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles in service areas The calculation formula is According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area Therefore,

[0249] The process of calculating carbon emissions from self-owned vehicles. Carbon emissions from self-owned vehicles in service areas The calculation formula is In the formula, Represents the number of owned vehicles of different models in the service area; C ω Indicates the annual fuel consumption (L) of different types of owned vehicles.

[0250] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions of the service area's own vehicles The specific values ​​are shown in Table 12.

[0251] Table 12 Carbon emissions from self-owned vehicles in service areas

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] Based on the above analysis, the vehicles in the service area include non-owned vehicles and owned vehicles, so the total carbon emission E2 of traffic activities in the service area is calculated as follows: According to the calculation formula, the total carbon emissions from traffic activities in the service area are calculated.

[0255] Step 4.3: Calculate carbon emissions from waste treatment. Calculate carbon emissions from solid waste treatment and sewage treatment separately. The calculation formula for the total carbon emissions from waste treatment E3 is:

[0256] According to the calculation formula, the carbon emissions from waste treatment are calculated. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 13.

[0257] Table 13 Carbon emissions from waste treatment

[0258]

[0259] Step 5: Calculate the total carbon emissions in the service area.

[0260] Calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area, the calculation formula is E 服务区 =E1+E2+E3.

[0261] Combined with the above example E 服务区 =E1+E2+E3=494.851t+320.1804401t+180.39t=995.4214401t

[0262] Among them, E1 is the total carbon emissions from various emission sources of construction activities in the service area; E2 is the total carbon emissions from transportation activities in the service area; and E3 is the total carbon emissions from waste treatment.

[0263] In another embodiment, the present invention proposes a highway service area carbon emission accounting system, which corresponds to the highway service area carbon emission accounting method proposed in the above embodiment, including:

[0264] The definition module is used to define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area;

[0265] A collection module, used to collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary;

[0266] Selection module, used to select various carbon emission factors;

[0267] The accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected original data and the selected carbon emission factors; and to calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

[0268] In this embodiment, the functional principles and execution processes of each module of the system are the same as the steps of the method in the aforementioned embodiment, so they will not be repeated here.

[0269] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating carbon emissions in a highway service area, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area; Step 2: Collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary; Step 3: Select various carbon emission factors; Step 4: Calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected raw data and the selected carbon emission factors; Step 5: Calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

2. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the service area carbon emission accounting boundary includes the following three ranges: Scope 1 emissions: carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels directly controlled and owned by the service area during the operation phase; Scope 2 emissions: carbon emissions indirectly generated by purchased electricity used during the service area operation phase; Scope 3 emissions: related indirect emissions other than scope 2, including carbon emissions caused by waste treatment, but excluding carbon emissions caused by emission sources outside the service area.

3. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the collection of raw data related to carbon emissions includes: Collects gasoline, diesel, LPG and electricity consumption in the service area; Collect information on vehicle types and quantities, effective mass of different types of vehicles, fuel consumption per unit at idle speed, maximum speed limit in service areas, fuel combustion efficiency, fuel density, fuel calorific value, and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of different types of vehicles; Collect the solid waste treatment volume and sewage treatment volume in the service area.

4. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step 3, the carbon emission factors of various emission sources in the service area are selected, including: Select the carbon emission factors for gasoline, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, electricity, solid waste disposal, and sewage treatment.

5. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the carbon emissions accounting includes the carbon emissions from construction activities E1, the carbon emissions from transportation activities E2, and the carbon emissions from waste treatment E3.

6. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The process of calculating the carbon emissions from construction activities E1 is as follows: Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by electricity consumption in the service area 电力 , the calculation formula is as follows: Where D i represents the amount of electricity used by emission source i in the building activity emissions in the service area, i = 1, 2, 3, ... n represent n different emission sources, and d represents the carbon emission factor of electricity; Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by gasoline consumption in the service area 汽油 , the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, B i represents the amount of gasoline used by emission source i in the emissions from building activities in the service area, and b represents the carbon emission factor of gasoline; Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by diesel consumption in the service area 柴油 , the calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, X i represents the usage of diesel from emission source i in the emission from building activities in the service area, and x represents the carbon emission factor of diesel; Calculate the carbon emissions E generated by consuming liquefied petroleum gas in the service area 液化石油气 , the calculation formula is as follows: Where Y i represents the usage of liquefied petroleum gas from emission source i in the building activity emissions in the service area, and y represents the carbon emission factor of liquefied petroleum gas; In summary, the total carbon emissions E1 of each emission source of building activities in the service area are calculated using the following formula: E1=E 电力 +E 汽油 +E 柴油 +E 液化石油气 .

7. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for calculating the carbon emissions from transportation activities E2 is as follows: In the formula, represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles in the service area, It represents the carbon emissions of the service area’s own vehicles; 1) Carbon emissions from non-owned vehicles in the service area The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, E 经停 represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area, E 经过 It represents the carbon emissions of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area; ① Carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles stopping at the service area 经停 The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, h ω is the CO2 emission factor of fuel for different vehicle models, ω=1, 2, 3, …l represent the vehicle models, represents the traffic volume of non-owned vehicles of different types in the service area; f1 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles entering the service area, f cw is the fuel consumption per unit at idle speed, t a is the deceleration time; f2 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles during the stop phase in the service area. The M / M / S / K model is selected as the service area vehicle queuing model during the calculation process. l2, u2, and g2 represent the fuel consumption of vehicles that only park, vehicles that only refuel, and vehicles that first park and then refuel, respectively. They represent the vehicle proportions corresponding to l2, u2, and g2 respectively. f3 represents the fuel consumption of non-owned vehicles when leaving the service area, W is the energy required for the vehicle acceleration phase, η is the fuel combustion efficiency, θ is the fuel density, and q is the calorific value; The calculation formulas for l2, u2, and g2 are as follows: g2=l2+u2; Where w1 is the energy required for vehicles to queue and slow down when only parking is performed, W q1 is the average waiting time when only parking activities are performed, L q1 is the average queue length when only parking activities are carried out, m is the effective mass of the vehicle, v is the maximum speed of vehicles in the service area, and F r is the rolling resistance, L b1 The distance between vehicles in the queue when only parking activities are carried out; w2 is the energy required for vehicles to queue and slow down when only refueling is performed, W q2 is the average waiting time when only refueling activities are carried out, L q2 is the average queue length when only refueling activities are carried out, L b2 The distance between vehicles in the queue when only refueling activities are carried out; The calculation formula of W is as follows: F r =f0mg; Where V is the maximum speed limit in the service area, F f is the air resistance during the acceleration phase, F i is the inertial resistance, L a is the length of the acceleration phase, Q f is the heat generated by the friction of the internal components of the vehicle, f0 is the rolling friction coefficient, and g is the acceleration of gravity; ② Carbon emissions E of non-owned vehicles passing through the service area 经过 The calculation formula is as follows: Where, L d V represents the distance traveled by non-owned vehicles through the service area. ω Indicates the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of non-owned vehicles of different models; 2) Carbon emissions from vehicles owned by the service area The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, represents the number of owned vehicles of different models in the service area, C ω Indicates the annual fuel consumption of different types of owned vehicles.

8. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation formula for calculating the carbon emissions E3 from waste treatment is as follows: In the formula, Z σ represents the treatment capacity of waste of type σ in the service area, σ=1, 2, 3, …u represents u types of waste respectively, y σ Represents the carbon emission factors for different types of waste.

9. A highway service area carbon emission accounting method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step 5, the calculation formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the service area is as follows: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">E<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> 服务区 <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> (E1+E2+E3) In the formula, E 服务区 Represents the total carbon emissions in the service area.

10. A highway service area carbon emission accounting system, characterized in that: include: The definition module is used to define the carbon emission accounting boundary of the service area; A collection module, used to collect raw data related to carbon emissions within the boundary; Selection module, used to select various carbon emission factors; The accounting module is used to calculate the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area based on the collected original data and the selected carbon emission factors; and to calculate the total carbon emissions of the service area based on the carbon emissions of various emission sources in the service area.

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