Underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition

Abstract

The invention provides an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition, and the camera comprises a laser assembly which is used for transmitting laser pulses and comprises a beam expander, a beam splitter, a laser and a laser controller; the beam expander, the beam splitter and the laser are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a transmitting light path; the beam splitter divides a laser pulse emitted by the laser into an illumination laser pulse emitted along an emission light path and a trigger laser pulse forming a certain included angle with the emission light path; the beam expander is used for expanding the diameter of the illumination laser; the gated camera assembly is used for capturing an echo signal reflected by the illumination laser pulse after the illumination laser pulse irradiates the target object and outputting an image, and comprises a gated single-photon camera, an optical filter and an imaging lens, and the gated single-photon camera, the optical filter and the imaging lens are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a receiving light path; and the photoelectric detector is used for receiving the trigger laser pulse and outputting an electric signal to the gated single-photon camera, and the photoelectric detector is arranged on one side of the beam splitter and is electrically connected with the gated single-photon camera.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of imaging technology, and in particular to an underwater imaging camera based on single-photon recognition. Background Art

[0002] The ocean is rich in marine life, seabed minerals, seawater chemistry and other resources. It is a treasure trove of resources on which human beings depend for development. The acquisition of underwater information is the key to underwater resource exploration, marine scientific research and underwater military monitoring. Conventional underwater target detection systems now have certain defects in application. The sonar detection system has large interference, high loss, instability, and low resolution of underwater acoustic signals. It is difficult to identify small targets such as mines and fishing nets, and there is a certain blind spot for close-range target detection; microwave detection technology is greatly affected by ocean currents and wind speeds. Since the 1960s, when scientists discovered the existence of an optical window of 470-580nm in seawater, underwater laser detection technology has developed rapidly.

[0003] At present, underwater laser detection technology is mostly based on the principle of distance gating. The illumination light source usually uses a high-energy, low-repetition-rate nanosecond laser, and the detector usually uses a gated ICCD (Intensified Charge Coupled Device). Nd:YAG and Nd:YVO4 lasers are often used as illumination light sources. Their advantages are stable performance, high output power, and high single-pulse energy, but they are bulky, and have high power consumption, heavy weight, and high cost, which makes it impossible to miniaturize the final underwater imaging system, severely limiting airborne, satellite-borne, and portable applications; the detection sensitivity of ICCD detectors is generally more than a dozen photons, and the signal-to-noise ratio for weak signal imaging is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present invention provides an underwater imaging camera based on single-photon recognition. The gated single-photon camera cooperates with a laser and a photodetector to achieve efficient capture of target echo signals. The gated single-photon camera is used to achieve two-dimensional single-photon counting imaging, thereby improving the image signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution. A high-repetition-rate 532nm nanosecond pulse laser is used to reduce volume occupancy and achieve miniaturization.

[0005] An underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0006] A laser assembly, used for emitting laser pulses, comprises a beam expander, a beam splitter, a laser and a laser controller; the beam expander, the beam splitter and the laser are arranged in sequence on the same optical axis to form an emission optical path; the beam splitter divides the laser pulse emitted by the laser into an illumination laser pulse emitted along the emission optical path and a trigger laser pulse which forms a certain angle with the emission optical path; the beam expander is used for expanding the diameter of the illumination laser and outputting uniform illumination laser pulses;

[0007] A gated camera assembly is used to capture the echo signal reflected by the target after the illumination laser pulse is irradiated, and output the acquired image, including a gated single-photon camera, a filter and an imaging lens, wherein the gated single-photon camera, the filter and the imaging lens are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a receiving optical path; the receiving optical path is arranged in parallel with the transmitting optical path;

[0008] A photodetector, used for receiving the trigger laser pulse and outputting an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera, wherein the photodetector is disposed on one side of the beam splitter and is electrically connected to the gated single-photon camera;

[0009] When receiving a shooting signal for imaging, the laser emits a laser pulse, the illumination laser pulse irradiates the target, and the echo signal reflected from the target after irradiating the target after a second delay time t2 reaches the gated single-photon camera; while the laser emits a laser pulse, the photodetector receives the trigger laser pulse, and sends an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera as a trigger input signal after a first delay time t1; after receiving the trigger input signal, the gated single-photon camera triggers the camera detector to expose, and after a third delay time t3, the gated single-photon camera is turned on, so that the gated single-photon camera is in a gated-on state; the third delay time t3 is adjusted so that the gated single-photon camera turns on the gate in the time period between the gated single-photon camera receiving the trigger input signal and the echo signal reflected by the target arriving at the gated single-photon camera; the camera detector acquires and sends an image when the gated single-photon camera is in the gated-on state.

[0010] Preferably, the delay time t set , adjust the third delay time t3 so that when the echo signal reflected by the target object reaches the gated single-photon camera, the gated single-photon camera is gated on; that is, the following formula is satisfied:

[0011] t2=t1+t3

[0012] t3=t ext +t set

[0013] Wherein, t1 is the first delay time, which is determined by the performance of the photodetector and is a fixed value; t2 is the second delay time; t3 is the third delay time; t ext is the external trigger delay time, which is a fixed value; t set is the delay time that can be set in the gated single-photon camera.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a computer, which is connected to the gated single-photon camera and the laser, and sends a shooting signal. The computer acquires the image output by the gated single-photon camera and performs image processing.

[0015] Preferably, the laser pulse emitted by the laser, the echo signal reflected by the target, the trigger input signal sent to the gated single-photon camera, and the gated selection signal of the gated single-photon camera have the same frequency.

[0016] Preferably, the frequency of the exposure signal of the camera detector is smaller than the frequency of the gated enable signal, the pulse width ΔT5 of the gated enable signal is much smaller than the pulse width ΔT4 of the exposure signal of the camera detector, and the camera detector accumulates multiple gated enable signals within a single frame exposure time in an on-chip integration manner to form an image output.

[0017] Preferably, the gated single-photon camera has a single-photon counting mode, which is used for weak signal acquisition at the single-photon level. When the gated single-photon camera is in the single-photon counting mode, the gated single-photon camera uses a photon recognition algorithm to identify all diffuse bright spots formed by single-photon signals in each frame of the captured image, and determines the pixel position to which the single-photon signal belongs, while filtering out the remaining single-pixel bright spots other than the diffuse bright spots; by accumulating multiple frames of images, the number of single photons at the corresponding pixel positions of all images are accumulated and counted, and the grayscale image is formed by using the value of the accumulated single-photon number to represent the grayscale value of the corresponding pixel position.

[0018] Preferably, the laser is a high repetition rate 532nm nanosecond laser; the filter is a 532nm narrowband filter, and the bandwidth of the filter is less than 5nm.

[0019] Preferably, the gated single-photon camera and the imaging lens are connected via an adapter ring, and the filter is arranged in the adapter ring.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes an outer shell, which includes a shell, a front panel and a rear panel; the shell is cylindrical, and the front panel and the rear panel are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell to close the shell; the laser assembly, the gate control camera assembly and the photodetector are all arranged in the shell.

[0021] Preferably, the front panel is provided with light windows, and there are two light windows. The beam expander and the imaging lens are arranged in parallel at one end close to the front panel and correspond to the light windows respectively; the rear panel is provided with a power switch and a power interface.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has beneficial effects.

[0023] For example, the underwater imaging camera based on single-photon recognition provided by the present invention includes a laser component, a gated camera component and a photoelectric detector, the laser component includes a beam expander, a beam splitter, a laser and a laser controller; the beam splitter divides the laser pulse emitted by the laser into an illumination laser pulse emitted along the emission light path and a triggering laser pulse at a certain angle to the emission light path; the gated camera component includes a gated single-photon camera, a filter and an imaging lens, and the gated single-photon camera, the filter and the imaging lens are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a receiving light path; the photoelectric detector receives the triggering laser pulse and outputs an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera; the camera is triggered by the photoelectric detector in an optical triggering manner, and the timing of this triggering manner is more stable than that of triggering the camera by a laser; by controlling the delay time of the gated gating of the gated single-photon camera, the gated single-photon camera is turned on in the time period when the echo signal reflected by the target object is about to arrive at or just arrives at the gated single-photon camera, and the image is acquired, and interference signals at other times are eliminated, so as to realize gated imaging of the target object.

[0024] For example, by using a gated single-photon camera, which has high gain and high sensitivity characteristics and with the help of a photon recognition algorithm, two-dimensional single-photon counting imaging can be achieved, and the image signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution can be improved.

[0025] For example, a high-repetition-rate 532nm nanosecond pulse laser is used to achieve miniaturization and reduce volume occupation; a compact design is adopted to rationally arrange the positions of core devices such as lasers and gated single-photon cameras, thereby reducing the system size and weight and lowering the overall power consumption of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is an imaging principle diagram of an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a timing diagram of gating imaging of an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of single-photon accumulation imaging of an underwater imaging camera based on single-photon recognition according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition from another angle of the present invention.

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 1- beam expander; 2- beam splitter; 3- laser; 4- laser controller; 5- imaging lens; 6- filter; 7- gated single photon camera; 8- photodetector; 9- housing; 10- adapter ring; 11- computer;

[0034] 91 - housing; 92 - front panel; 93 - light window; 94 - rear panel; 95 - power switch; 96 - power interface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, features and beneficial effects of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described below are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. In addition, the same or similar reference numerals may be used in the figures to refer to the same or similar elements in different embodiments, and the description of the same or similar elements in different embodiments and the description of the prior art elements, features, effects, etc. may be omitted.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 6 , an embodiment of the present invention provides an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition.

[0037] Specifically, an underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0038] A laser assembly, used for emitting laser pulses, comprises a beam expander 1, a beam splitter 2, a laser 3 and a laser controller 4; the beam expander 1, the beam splitter 2 and the laser 3 are arranged in sequence on the same optical axis to form an emission optical path; the beam splitter 2 divides the laser pulse emitted by the laser 3 into an illumination laser pulse emitted along the emission optical path and a trigger laser pulse which forms a certain angle with the emission optical path; the beam expander 1 is used for expanding the diameter of the illumination laser and outputting uniform illumination laser pulses;

[0039] The gated camera assembly is used to capture the echo signal reflected by the target after the illumination laser pulse is irradiated, and output the acquired image, including the gated single-photon camera 7, the filter 6 and the imaging lens 5. The gated single-photon camera 7, the filter 6 and the imaging lens 5 are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a receiving optical path; the receiving optical path is arranged in parallel with the transmitting optical path;

[0040] A photodetector 8, used for receiving a trigger laser pulse and outputting an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera 7, disposed on one side of the beam splitter 2 and electrically connected to the gated single-photon camera 7;

[0041] When receiving the shooting signal for imaging, the laser 3 emits a laser pulse, and the illumination laser pulse illuminates the target object. After the second delay time t2, the echo signal reflected from the target object reaches the gated single-photon camera 7; while the laser 3 emits the laser pulse, the photodetector 8 receives the triggering laser pulse, and after the first delay time t1, sends an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera 7 as a trigger input signal. The photodetector 8 triggers the gated single-photon camera 7 in an optical triggering manner. Compared with the method of triggering the camera by the laser 3, the timing of this triggering method is more stable; the gated single-photon camera 7 receives After receiving the trigger input signal, the camera detector of the gated single-photon camera 7 is triggered to be exposed, and the gate of the gated single-photon camera 7 is turned on after the third delay time t3, so that the gated single-photon camera 7 is in a gated on state; the third delay time t3 is adjusted so that the gated single-photon camera 7 is gated in the time period between the gated single-photon camera 7 receiving the trigger input signal and the echo signal reflected by the target object arriving at the gated single-photon camera 7; the camera detector acquires and sends the image when the gated single-photon camera 7 is in the gated on state, eliminates interference signals at other times, and realizes gated imaging of the target object.

[0042] In some embodiments, the gated single-photon camera 7 is controlled by a settable delay time t set , adjust the third delay time t3 so that when the echo signal reflected by the target object reaches the gated single-photon camera 7, the gated single-photon camera 7 is gated on; that is, the following formula is satisfied:

[0043] t2=t1+t3

[0044] t3=t ext +t set

[0045] Wherein, t1 is the first delay time, which is determined by the performance of the photodetector 8 and is a fixed value; t2 is the second delay time; t3 is the third delay time; t ext is the external trigger delay time, which is a fixed value; t set is the delay time that can be set in the gated single-photon camera 7 .

[0046] In a specific implementation, the laser 3 emits a laser pulse at time T0, and the illumination laser pulse illuminates the target object. After irradiating the target object at time T2 after the second delay time t2, the echo signal reflected back reaches the gated single-photon camera 7; while the laser 3 emits the laser pulse, the photodetector 8 receives the triggering laser pulse, and sends an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera 7 as a trigger input signal at time T1 after the first delay time t1. After receiving the trigger input signal, the gated single-photon camera 7 triggers the camera detector of the gated single-photon camera 7 to expose, and after the third delay time t3 and at time T2, the gated single-photon camera 7 is turned on, that is, the gated single-photon camera 7 turns on the gate when the echo signal reaches the gated single-photon camera 7; interference signals at other times are eliminated to achieve gated imaging of the target object.

[0047] In some embodiments, a computer 11 is also included. The computer 11 is connected to the gated single-photon camera 7 and the laser 3. The computer 11 sends a shooting signal, and the computer 11 obtains the image output by the gated single-photon camera 7 and performs image processing.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the laser pulse emitted by the laser 3, the echo signal reflected by the target object, the trigger input signal sent to the gated single-photon camera 7, and the gated selection signal of the gated single-photon camera 7 have the same frequency.

[0049] In some embodiments, the frequency of the camera detector exposure signal is smaller than the frequency of the gated enable signal, the pulse width ΔT5 of the gated enable signal is much smaller than the pulse width ΔT4 of the camera detector exposure signal, and the camera detector accumulates multiple gated enable signals within a single frame exposure time in an on-chip integration manner to form an image output.

[0050] In some embodiments, the gated single-photon camera 7 has a single-photon counting mode, which is used to collect weak signals at the single-photon level. When the gated single-photon camera 7 is in the single-photon counting mode, it uses a photon recognition algorithm to identify all diffuse bright spots formed by single-photon signals in each frame of the image taken, and determines the pixel position to which the single-photon signal belongs, while filtering out the remaining single-pixel bright spots other than the diffuse bright spots; by accumulating multiple frames of images, the number of single photons at the corresponding pixel positions of all images are accumulated and counted, and the grayscale value of the corresponding pixel position is represented by the accumulated single-photon number to form a grayscale image; the image signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution are improved.

[0051] In some embodiments, the laser 3 is a high repetition rate 532nm nanosecond laser, which is miniaturized and reduces the volume occupied; the filter 6 is a 532nm narrowband filter, and the bandwidth of the filter 6 is less than 5nm.

[0052] In some embodiments, the gated single-photon camera 7 and the imaging lens 5 are connected via an adapter ring 10 , and the filter 6 is disposed in the adapter ring 10 .

[0053] In some embodiments, it also includes an outer shell 9, which includes a shell 91, a front panel 92 and a rear panel 94; the shell 91 is cylindrical, and the front panel 92 and the rear panel 94 are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell 91 to close the shell 91; the laser assembly, the gate control camera assembly and the photodetector 8 are all arranged in the shell 91.

[0054] In some embodiments, a light window 93 is provided on the front panel 92, and there are two light windows 93. The beam expander 1 and the imaging lens 5 are arranged in parallel at one end close to the front panel 92 and correspond to the light windows 93 respectively; a power switch 95 and a power interface 96 are provided on the rear panel 94.

[0055] In summary, the underwater imaging camera based on single-photon recognition provided by the present invention comprises a laser assembly, a gated camera assembly and a photodetector 8, wherein the laser assembly comprises a beam expander 1, a beam splitter 2, a laser 3 and a laser controller 4; the beam splitter 2 divides the laser pulse emitted by the laser 3 into an illumination laser pulse emitted along the emission light path and a trigger laser pulse which is at a certain angle to the emission light path; the gated camera assembly comprises a gated single-photon camera 7, a filter 6 and an imaging lens 5, and the gated single-photon camera 7, the filter 6 and the imaging lens 5 are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a gated single-photon camera. The light receiving path; the photodetector 8 receives the triggering laser pulse and outputs an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera 7; the photodetector 8 triggers the camera in an optical triggering manner, and the timing of this triggering manner is more stable than the method of triggering the camera by the laser 3; by controlling the delay time of the gated gating of the gated single-photon camera 7, the gated single-photon camera 7 is turned on in the time period when the echo signal reflected by the target object is about to arrive at or just arrives at the gated single-photon camera 7, and the image is acquired, and the interference signals at other times are eliminated, so as to realize the gated imaging of the target object.

[0056] Furthermore, the present invention adopts a gated single-photon camera 7, which has high gain and high sensitivity characteristics. With the help of a photon recognition algorithm, two-dimensional single-photon counting imaging can be achieved, and the image signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution can be improved.

[0057] Furthermore, the present invention adopts a high repetition rate 532nm nanosecond pulse laser to achieve miniaturization and reduce the volume occupied; adopts a compact design and reasonably arranges the positions of core devices such as the laser 3 and the gated single-photon camera 7, thereby reducing the system volume and weight and reducing the overall power consumption of the system.

[0058] Although specific embodiments have been described above, these embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, even when only a single embodiment is described with respect to specific features. The feature examples provided in the present disclosure are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, unless otherwise stated. In specific implementations, the technical features of one or more dependent claims may be combined with the technical features of the independent claim, based on actual needs and where technically feasible, and may be derived from the technical features of the corresponding independent claim in any appropriate manner rather than simply through the specific combination listed in the claims.

[0059] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition, characterized in that: include: A laser assembly, used for emitting laser pulses, comprises a beam expander, a beam splitter, a laser and a laser controller; the beam expander, the beam splitter and the laser are arranged in sequence on the same optical axis to form an emission optical path; the beam splitter divides the laser pulse emitted by the laser into an illumination laser pulse emitted along the emission optical path and a trigger laser pulse which forms a certain angle with the emission optical path; the beam expander is used for expanding the diameter of the illumination laser and outputting uniform illumination laser pulses; A gated camera assembly is used to capture the echo signal reflected by the target after the illumination laser pulse is irradiated, and output the acquired image, including a gated single-photon camera, a filter and an imaging lens, wherein the gated single-photon camera, the filter and the imaging lens are sequentially arranged on the same optical axis to form a receiving optical path; the receiving optical path is arranged in parallel with the transmitting optical path; A photodetector, used for receiving the trigger laser pulse and outputting an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera, wherein the photodetector is disposed on one side of the beam splitter and is electrically connected to the gated single-photon camera; When receiving a shooting signal for imaging, the laser emits a laser pulse, the illumination laser pulse irradiates the target, and the echo signal reflected from the target after irradiating the target after a second delay time t2 reaches the gated single-photon camera; while the laser emits a laser pulse, the photodetector receives the trigger laser pulse, and sends an electrical signal to the gated single-photon camera as a trigger input signal after a first delay time t1; after receiving the trigger input signal, the gated single-photon camera triggers the camera detector to expose, and after a third delay time t3, the gated single-photon camera is turned on, so that the gated single-photon camera is in a gated-on state; the third delay time t3 is adjusted so that the gated single-photon camera turns on the gate in the time period between the gated single-photon camera receiving the trigger input signal and the echo signal reflected by the target arriving at the gated single-photon camera; the camera detector acquires and sends an image when the gated single-photon camera is in the gated-on state.

2. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The delay time t can be set in the gated single-photon camera. set , adjust the third delay time t3 so that when the echo signal reflected by the target object reaches the gated single-photon camera, the gated single-photon camera is gated on; that is, the following formula is satisfied: t2=t1+t3 t3=t ext +t set Wherein, t1 is the first delay time, which is determined by the performance of the photodetector and is a fixed value; t2 is the second delay time; t3 is the third delay time; t ext is the external trigger delay time, which is a fixed value; t set is the delay time that can be set in the gated single-photon camera.

3. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a computer, which is connected to the gated single-photon camera and the laser. The computer sends a shooting signal, obtains the image output by the gated single-photon camera, and performs image processing.

4. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser pulse emitted by the laser, the echo signal reflected by the target, the trigger input signal sent to the gated single-photon camera, and the gated selection signal of the gated single-photon camera have the same frequency.

5. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of the exposure signal of the camera detector is smaller than the frequency of the gated selection signal, the pulse width ΔT5 of the gated selection signal is much smaller than the pulse width ΔT4 of the exposure signal of the camera detector, and the camera detector accumulates multiple gated selection signals within a single frame exposure time in an on-chip integration manner to form an image output.

6. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gated single-photon camera has a single-photon counting mode, which is used for weak signal acquisition at the single-photon level. When the gated single-photon camera is in the single-photon counting mode, the camera uses a photon recognition algorithm to identify all diffuse bright spots formed by single-photon signals in each frame of the captured image, and determines the pixel position to which the single-photon signal belongs, while filtering out the remaining single-pixel bright spots other than the diffuse bright spots; by accumulating multiple frames of images, the number of single photons at the corresponding pixel positions of all images is accumulated and counted, and the grayscale image is formed by using the value of the accumulated single-photon number to represent the grayscale value of the corresponding pixel position.

7. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser is a high repetition rate 532nm nanosecond laser; the filter is a 532nm narrowband filter, and the bandwidth of the filter is less than 5nm.

8. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gated single-photon camera and the imaging lens are connected via an adapter ring, and the filter is arranged in the adapter ring.

9. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an outer shell, which includes a shell, a front panel and a rear panel; the shell is cylindrical, and the front panel and the rear panel are respectively arranged at both ends of the shell to close the shell; the laser component, the gate control camera component and the photoelectric detector are all arranged in the shell.

10. The underwater imaging camera based on single photon recognition according to claim 9, characterized in that: The front panel is provided with light windows, and there are two light windows. The beam expander and the imaging lens are arranged in parallel at one end close to the front panel and correspond to the light windows respectively; the rear panel is provided with a power switch and a power interface.

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